WO2010000037A1 - Membrane - Google Patents

Membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010000037A1
WO2010000037A1 PCT/AU2009/000864 AU2009000864W WO2010000037A1 WO 2010000037 A1 WO2010000037 A1 WO 2010000037A1 AU 2009000864 W AU2009000864 W AU 2009000864W WO 2010000037 A1 WO2010000037 A1 WO 2010000037A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waterproofing
layer
sheet
protection
membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2009/000864
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010000037A8 (fr
Inventor
Russell Hanna
Original Assignee
Infrastructure Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2008903421A external-priority patent/AU2008903421A0/en
Application filed by Infrastructure Technology Limited filed Critical Infrastructure Technology Limited
Priority to AU2009266426A priority Critical patent/AU2009266426A1/en
Priority to NZ590838A priority patent/NZ590838A/en
Publication of WO2010000037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010000037A1/fr
Publication of WO2010000037A8 publication Critical patent/WO2010000037A8/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
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    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/126—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of bituminous material or synthetic resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a membrane for waterproofing applications.
  • the liner system may be as simple as a prepared base and liner or it may be as complex as systems comprising primary, secondary and even tertiary liners complete with drainage systems above and below, and leak detection and collection systems between the liners.
  • geomembrane materials are not competent structural members and require a suitable supporting material to be effective. There are materials that can sustain higher shear forces and others that can accommodate movement with less likelihood of rupture. Some of the existing geomembrane materials require a very smooth surface to support them whilst others are able to accommodate rougher surfaces without loss of effectiveness.
  • Membrane liners can overcome the problems with compacted earth linings of sourcing low permeability clays in sufficient quantities and reliance upon correct compaction control. This however will impact on water flows and the like.
  • any liner that is to be considered by the consumer must be cost effective, easily maintained and have a significant life (20 years).
  • Current geomembranes and fabrics are UV unstable and are required to be buried by earth to survive.
  • Such a system should preferably be cost effective, have a long lifetime in use and have sufficient mechanical properties to survive the mechanical stresses to which it is exposed in use.
  • the invention provides a waterproofing sheet comprising:
  • a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers; wherein the waterproofing layer is bonded to at least one (optionally both) layer adjacent thereto such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • the waterproofing layer may be laser bonded to at least one (optionally both) layer adjacent thereto. This may be suitable in cases where the waterproofing layer is polymeric, e.g. a polyolefin.
  • the waterproofing layer may be laminated to at least one (optionally both) layer adjacent thereto. This may be suitable in cases where the waterproofing layer is inorganic, e.g. metallic (for example an aluminium layer).
  • a waterproofing sheet comprising:
  • a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers; wherein the waterproofing layer is laser bonded to layers adjacent thereto such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • the support material or the base layer or both may comprise a geotextile.
  • the waterproofing layer may comprise a polyolefin.
  • the polyolefin may be polyethylene.
  • the waterproofing sheet may additionally comprise a reinforcing layer.
  • the reinforcing layer may be between the base layer and the waterproofing layer.
  • a waterproofing sheet comprising: • a top layer comprising a support material;
  • a polyolefin waterproofing layer disposed between and adjacent said top and base layers and laser bonded thereto; such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • a polyolefin waterproofing layer disposed between and adjacent said top and reinforcing layers and laser bonded thereto; such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • UV-protection polymer • a UV-protection polymer; said UV-protection polymer being located in, on or both in and on the support material of the waterproofing sheet.
  • the UV-protection polymer may be waterproof. It may be selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane, a polyester, an acrylic and a silicone, each of which may optionally be fluorinated. It may be a mixture of any two or more of these. It may be, or comprise, a bituminous material. It may be, or comprise, a ceramic material.
  • the waterproofing membrane may comply with AS/NZS4020:2005.
  • a waterproofing sheet which prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof, comprising:
  • top layer comprising a support material
  • a polyolefin waterproofing layer disposed between and adjacent said top and base layers and laser bonded thereto; and • a waterproof UV-protection polymer; said UV-protection polymer being located in, on or both in and on the support material of the waterproofing sheet.
  • a waterproofing membrane comprising: • a waterproofing sheet which prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof comprising:
  • top layer comprising a support material
  • a waterproof UV-protection polymer comprising bonding a plurality of layers together such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof, said plurality of layers comprising at least a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer and a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers, wherein the bonding of the waterproof layer to layers adjacent thereto comprises laser bonding.
  • the waterproofing layer may comprise a polyolefin.
  • the support material or the base layer or both may comprise a geotextile.
  • the invention also provides a waterproofing sheet made by the process of the third aspect.
  • a process for making a waterproofing sheet comprising bonding a plurality of layers together such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof, said plurality of layers comprising a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer and a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers, wherein the bonding of the waterproof layer to the top and base layers comprises laser bonding.
  • a process for making a waterproofing sheet comprising bonding a plurality of layers together such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof, said plurality of layers comprising a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer a reinforcing layer and a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and reinforcing layers, wherein the bonding of the waterproof layer to the top and reinforcing layers comprises laser bonding.
  • a process for making a waterproofing membrane comprising: • providing a waterproofing sheet comprising a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer and a waterproofing layer between said top and base layers wherein the waterproofing layer is laser bonded to layers adjacent thereto such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof; • applying a UV-protection liquid to the support material of the waterproofing sheet; and
  • the UV-protection liquid may also be a waterproofing liquid.
  • the UV- protection coating may also be a waterproofing coating.
  • the UV-protection liquid may be an aqueous liquid.
  • the UV protection liquid may be, or may comprise a polymerisable substance or a curable substance.
  • the UV protection coating may be, or may comprise, a UV protection polymer.
  • the step of forming the UV-protection coating may comprise allowing the UV protection liquid to polymerise, or cure, or set or otherwise form a solid material in, on or both in and on the support.
  • the support material and the UV-protection polymer may be such that the membrane complies with AS/NZS4020:2005.
  • the step of providing the waterproofing sheet may comprise bonding a plurality of layers together such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • the plurality of layers may comprise at least the top layer, the base layer and the waterproofing layer.
  • the waterproofing layer may be disposed between said top and base layers.
  • the bonding of the waterproof layer to layers adjacent thereto may comprise laser bonding.
  • the process may additionally comprise the step of applying the waterproofing sheet to a substrate to be waterproofed. This step may be conducted between the steps of providing the waterproofing sheet and applying the UV-protection liquid.
  • the substrate may be a wall, a channel, an aqueduct, a tank or a reservoir.
  • a substrate e.g. a wall, a channel, an aqueduct, a tank or a reservoir
  • the invention also provides a waterproofing membrane made by the process of the fourth aspect.
  • a waterproofing sheet for waterproofing a substrate.
  • the waterproofing sheet comprises a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer and a waterproofing layer between said top and base layers.
  • the waterproofing layer is laser bonded to layers adjacent thereto.
  • the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • a method for waterproofing a substrate for example an irrigation channel, said method comprising applying to the substrate a waterproofing sheet or membrane according to the first or second aspect, or made by the third or fourth aspect.
  • the step of applying the sheet or membrane to the substrate may comprise fixing or coupling the sheet or membrane to the substrate.
  • the fixing or coupling may for example comprise bolting the sheet or membrane to the substrate.
  • the method may additionally comprise waterproofing any penetrations through the membrane formed during said fixing or coupling.
  • the method may comprise: • applying a waterproofing sheet according to the first aspect (or made by the third aspect) to the substrate;
  • the method may comprise:
  • a waterproofing sheet comprising: • a top layer comprising a support material;
  • a waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers; wherein the waterproofing layer is bonded to at least one layer adjacent thereto such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof.
  • the waterproofing layer comprises a metallic layer which is laminated to at least one layer adjacent thereto.
  • a waterproofing membrane comprising:
  • the UV-protection polymer may be waterproof. It may be selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane, a polyester, an acrylic, a silicone, a bituminous material, a ceramic material and mixtures of these.
  • a process for making a waterproofing sheet comprising bonding a plurality of layers together such that the waterproofing sheet prevents passage of liquid water from a first side thereof to the second side thereof, said plurality of layers comprising at least a top layer comprising a support material, a base layer and an inorganic, optionally metallic, waterproofing layer disposed between said top and base layers, wherein the bonding of the waterproof layer to at least one layer adjacent thereto comprises laminating.
  • a process for making a waterproofing membrane comprising: • providing a waterproofing sheet by the process of the ninth aspect;
  • FIG. 1 is a technical schematic of the membrane of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows photographs of the membrane
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram illustrating joining of sections of sheet
  • Figure 4 shows different profiles of the product designed for different applications
  • Figure 5 illustrates the joining of lengths of the sheet by heat sealing
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the ITM Liner anchoring system
  • Figure 7 shows photographs of the installation described in Fig. 6;
  • Figure 8 illustrates the anchoring of the membrane to a substrate
  • Figure 9 shows design construction drawings for liner integration to existing channel infrastructure
  • Figure 10 shows photographs of the membrane in place in a water storage reservoir and in a water pipe
  • Figure 11 shows a photograph of the membrane showing a reinforcing layer
  • Figure 12 shows photographs of the membrane in preparation and of the final membrane in use.
  • the present invention has been specially designed to create an impervious membrane liner for use in rigid (concrete) and flexible (earthen) channels, so it is strong, tensile and flexible and has the capability to be structural with the ability to integrate seamlessly into existing channel structures, such as headwalls, siphons, grates, flow ways, etc and associated infrastructure, such as telemetry, gateways, etc.
  • the invention provides a waterproofing sheet comprising at least three layers: a top layer, a base layer and a waterproofing layer.
  • a layer is described as being between two other layers, this should not necessarily be taken as indicating that that layer is adjacent either of the two other layers (although it may be), unless it is specified that it is between and adjacent the other layers.
  • the different layers are described below.
  • Top layer provides physical protection for the waterproofing layer. It comprises (optionally consists of) a support material. Commonly the support material will be porous, i.e. will contain spaces or voids therein. This allows a liquid to at least partially absorb therein, for example a UV-protection liquid.
  • the top layer may be flexible. It may be resilient. It may be elastic.
  • a suitable top layer may be laser bondable to the layer adjacent thereto in the sheet (e.g. in some embodiments, to the waterproofing layer). It may be woven or may be non-woven or may be an at least partially open-celled foam material. It may comprise a fibrous material. It may comprise for example a woven, non- woven or open-celled foam polyolefin such as polypropylene. It may comprise a non- woven fibre.
  • It may be inorganic or may be organic (e.g. polymeric) or a mixture of the two. It may be polymeric. It may comprise a polyester. It may for example comprise a glass fibre mat. It may be a geofabric. It may be a geotextile. It may be a non- woven polyester or polypropylene geotextile.
  • the top layer may be at least about 80gsm (grams per square metre), or at least about 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 130, 140 or 150gsm, or may be about 80 to about 200gsm or about 90 to 200, 90 to 150, 90 to 120, 90 to 100, 100 to 200, 120 to 200, 150 to 200, 100 to 150, 80 to 90 or 100 to 120gsm, e.g. about 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190 or 200gsm. It may be about 0.5 to about 2mm thick, or about 0.5 to 1, 1 to 2 or 0.7 to 1.2mm thick, e.g.
  • the top layer is that layer which, when in use, is the surface layer of the sheet.
  • Base layer The base layer provides contact with a substrate to which the sheet is applied.
  • the base layer may have a rough lower surface, or a high friction lower surface, so as to provide friction against the substrate so as to inhibit movement of the sheet (or membrane which comprises the sheet) relative to the substrate. This inhibits movement of the base layer, and hence of the sheet when applied to the substrate.
  • the base layer may optionally be suitable to be secured to the substrate, e.g. by gluing.
  • the base layer may be porous, i.e.
  • a suitable base layer may be laser bondable to the layer adjacent thereto in the sheet (e.g. in some embodiments, to the waterproofing layer).
  • It may be woven or may be non-woven or may be an open-celled foam material. It may comprise a fibrous material. It may be polymeric. It may comprise a polyester. It may comprise for example a woven, non-woven or open-celled foam polyolefin such as polypropylene. It may comprise a non-woven fibre. It may be inorganic or may be organic (e.g.
  • the base layer may be at least about 150gsm, or at least about 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 500gsm, or may be about 150 to about lOOOgsm, or about 150 to 800, 150 to 500, 150 to 200, 200 to 1000, 500 to 1000, 200 to 800 or 200 to 500gsm, e.g.
  • the waterproofing layer is located between said top and base layers. It may be adjacent the top layer. It may be adjacent the base layer. It may be adjacent both top and base layers. It may be laser bonded to the layer either side thereof (e.g. in embodiments in which only 3 layers are present, to the top and base layers).
  • laser bonding bonds the layers without introducing pores or other leaks into the waterproofing layer that would compromise its waterproofing properties.
  • the border between the adjacent layer and the waterproofing layer is heated with a laser - like welding, so the adjacent layer is "stuck" to the outside of the waterproofing layer and no pores are created which can allow fluids to pass through.
  • the process ensures the impermeability of the waterproofing layer.
  • An alternative process which has been used in the past but is unsuitable in the present application is heat bonding or heat welding.
  • the difference between the processes of laser and heat bonding is that heat bonding melts the entire thickness of the waterproofing layer, allowing portions of the adjacent layer (e.g. fibres thereof) to penetrate (and bond).
  • the waterproofing layer may be non-porous. It should be impermeable to liquid water. It may be impermeable thereto up to a pressure of at least about 5OkPa, or at least about 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 50OkPa.
  • a pressure of lOOkPa corresponds to about 10 tonnes of water. It may comprise (or consist essentially of) a polyolef ⁇ n, e.g. polyethylene (HDPE or LLDPE) or polypropylene (e.g. fPP), or a blend or copolymer thereof. It may comprise PVC. It may comprise (or consist essentially of) PVC, or chlorosulfonated polyethylene or flexible polypropylene, or ethylene interpolymer alloy (PVC having an ethylene interpolymer) or some other waterproof polymer. It may be similar to any of the conventional geomembranes previously used in such applications. It may be flexible. It may be resilient.
  • It may have a thickness of at least about 100 microns, or at least about 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 or 1000 microns, or about 100 to about 2000 microns, or about 100 to 800, 100 to 500, 100 to 300, 200 to 2000, 500 to 2000, 1000 to 2000, 200 to 800 or 200 to 500 microns, e.g. about 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900 or 2000 microns, or may be thicker.
  • the thickness may be sufficient to provide sufficient strength for the intended application. It may be sufficiently thin that the waterproofing sheet is acceptably lightweight.
  • the waterproofing layer provides waterproofing properties (i.e. impermeability to liquid water) to the waterproofing sheet. Since the waterproofing layer is commonly a polyolefin, it may be difficult to bond to. Commonly adhesives do not form resilient or strong bonds with polyolefins. Thus efficient means for forming a suitable bond between the waterproofing layer and layers adjacent thereto commonly employ some form of at least localised softening and/or melting of the layer. As noted above, such methods may involve either heat bonding (which is unsuitable for joining layers in the present invention as previously described) or laser bonding. Thus it is important in the present invention that the waterproofing layer be laser bonded to adjacent layers.
  • the waterproofing layer is an inorganic layer. It may be a metallic layer. It may for example be an aluminium layer. In this case, alternative bonding methods than laser bonding may be appropriate. These may for example comprise laminating. Thus an inorganic (e.g. metallic) waterproofing layer may be laminated to either the top layer or the base layer or to both.
  • the waterproofing sheet may additionally comprise a reinforcing layer, or more than one reinforcing layer. If a reinforcing layer is present, it may be located between the base layer and the waterproofing layer. If a second reinforcing layer is present, it may be located between the waterproofing layer and the top layer.
  • the reinforcing layer may be a mesh layer. It may be a geogrid. It may provide strength to the waterproofing sheet.
  • the reinforcing layer may be flexible. It may be strong. It may comprise for example a polypropylene or polyester mesh. It may be laser bonded to the waterproofing layer, and optionally to the base layer. The presence of the reinforcing layer may be particularly important in cases where the waterproofing sheet, or a membrane made therefrom, is required to span a gap unsupported. In this case the reinforcing layer provides sufficient mechanical strength that the sheet or membrane remains intact in use.
  • waterproofing sheet therefore include: • Top layer laser bonded to waterproofing layer laser bonded to base layer; and • Top layer laser bonded to waterproofing layer laser bonded to reinforcing layer bonded (optionally laser bonded) to base layer.
  • the waterproofing sheet may be heat compressed (heat compacted). This compacts the sheet and may also provide some bonding of the layers without compromising the waterproof properties of the sheet.
  • the waterproofing sheet may have joins. Thus it may be inconvenient to manufacture a size of sheet suitable for the application with no joins.
  • the joins may be effected by heat welding or heat bonding all layers together. In this process, the different layers are melted together to form a single mass within a limited region of the sheet at the join. In this case it may be beneficial to apply additional waterproofing (e.g. by means of the aqueous waterproofing liquid or of a waterproofing tape or both) to the join to ensure that no water leaks are caused by the heat bonding.
  • the joins may be effected by providing an overlap region of the top layer and waterproofing layer on one section of sheet to be joined and fitting that to a corresponding region having no top layer on another section of sheet to be joined. These two regions may be fitted together and laser welded to join the two sections of sheet.
  • a sealing sheet may be attached (e.g. adhered) to the region of the join.
  • a common application for the sheet is for waterproofing water channels, e.g. irrigation channels or aqueducts.
  • the overlap method above is used to achieve the desired width of sheet.
  • the heat welding method above may be used to achieve the desired length of sheet.
  • the sheet may be provided in the form of one or more rolls having the desired width. These may be joined to achieve the required length before or, commonly, after being located in the desired position for use.
  • the invention also provides a waterproofing membrane.
  • the membrane comprises a waterproofing sheet as described above and a UV-protection polymer.
  • the UV-protection polymer is located in, on or both in and on the support of the waterproofing sheet.
  • the layers of the waterproofing membrane may be the same as the corresponding layers of the waterproofing sheet as described above, with the exception of the top layer.
  • the UV- protection polymer should be substantially opaque to those wavelengths of UV radiation that would cause deterioration of the waterproofing sheet, so as to protect the waterproofing sheet from UV damage.
  • the UV-protection polymer may be substantially opaque to UV-A or to UV-B or to UV-C or to any two or all of these. In this context, "substantially opaque” should be taken to indicate a degree of opacity sufficient to provide UV stability of the membrane in use for at least about 10 years, optionally at least about 15 or 20 years.
  • the top layer is impregnated with a bituminous or ceramic material in addition to, or instead of, the UV protection polymer.
  • a bituminous or ceramic material may provide similar UV protection properties as the UV protection polymer as described above. They may provide physical protection for the membrane.
  • Suitable waterproofing layers particularly organic (e.g. polymeric) waterproofing layers, are often sensitive to UV radiation. As many of the applications for the waterproofing membrane are external, and therefore involve exposure to solar radiation, a UV-protection layer above the waterproofing layer inhibits or prevents UV damage to the waterproofing layer and consequent loss in integrity and/or waterproofing capability. The UV-protection polymer therefore supplies additional protection properties to the top layer of the membrane.
  • the UV-protection polymer may be waterproof. It may be a waterproofing polymer. It may be a waterproofing UV-protection polymer. In this case the UV-protection polymer may provide a supplementary barrier to penetration of liquid water through the membrane.
  • the UV-protection polymer may comprise a waterproofing polymer having UV-protection properties (e.g. having UV absorbing moieties) and/or comprising a UV- protection additive. Such additives are well known.
  • Common UV-protection polymers include optionally fluorinated polyurethanes, polyesters, acrylics and silicones as well as mixtures of any two or more of these.
  • a suitable material may for example comprise one or more of a polyurethane, an inert filler, a butyl-styrene copolymer, a butyl acrylate- styrene copolymer, a polyolefin (e.g. polypropylene) and pigments.
  • a UV-protection polymer or to a waterproofing polymer, this should be taken to refer also to blends and mixtures of such polymers.
  • the UV protection polymer may be resilient. It may be strong. It may be flexible.
  • the top layer of the membrane comprises two polymers — a UV- protection polymer and a waterproofing polymer.
  • a waterproofing polymer in the top layer provides an extra level of safety against water leaks through the membrane, as there are two layers that provide protection from leaks.
  • two applications of polymers to the top layer are made. At least one of these is a UV-protection polymer, which may also have waterproofing properties.
  • the two polymers may be the same (i.e. there may be two applications of the same polymer) or they may be different. In the latter case, one may have no UV- protection properties (in which case the other does have UV-protection properties) or both may have UV-protection properties. Commonly at least one of the polymers has waterproofing properties.
  • Both of the polymers may be applied as an aqueous preparation, as described elsewhere herein. Between the two polymer applications, the membrane may be dried or cured.
  • the curing may comprise a polymerisation reaction. It may comprise a cross-linking reaction. It may be a drying process. It may be chemical, or it may be physical or it may be a combination of both.
  • the UV protection layer may be a ceramic layer. This may be generated in situ, e.g. by polymerisation of a suitable precursor. It may be made by applying a ceramic powder and sintering the powder in situ. In the latter case, the other components of the membrane may be capable of withstanding the temperatures used for sintering. In some embodiments, all components of the membrane are inorganic so as to be capable of withstanding the temperatures to which they are exposed during sintering of the ceramic. The sintering may be accomplished for example by exposure to a flame such as from a butane torch or other similar flame source. Membranes having a ceramic layer are commonly used in relatively small scale applications, for example lining of water tanks or short water conduits. They may be used in applications where flexibility is not required.
  • the UV protection layer may comprise bitumen. This may be applied as an emulsion, e.g. an aqueous emulsion.
  • the application of a bitumen layer may require heat in order to soften or melt the bitumen.
  • the other components of the membrane should be capable of withstanding the temperatures to which they are exposed during said application.
  • the membrane in particular that portion of the membrane that contacts water (commonly the top layer of the membrane, having the UV-protection polymer therein), may be suitable for contact with potable water. It may not confer an unpleasant taste to water in contact therewith. It may not supply toxic levels of a toxic material to water in contact therewith.
  • the waterproofing membrane may comply with AS/NZS4020:2005 (Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water). It may have very low levels of leachable materials once fully cured.
  • the membrane may have a rough upper surface. It may have a high friction upper surface. This may be due to the structure of the support and/or to the nature of the UV- protection polymer and waterproofing polymer (if present). A benefit of this is that people or stock that walk into a water channel lined by the membrane are less likely to slip and fall, thus reducing the potential of accident and injury.
  • the waterproofing sheet may be made by bonding the various constituent layers together.
  • the layers have been described above. As noted earlier, it is commonly difficult to bond to the waterproofing layer by non-thermal means, and traditional thermal bonding can compromise the waterproofing integrity of the resulting sheet. Thus it is important that the bonding of the waterproof layer to layers adjacent thereto comprises laser bonding. It may also be advantageous to bond other layers together using laser bonding, since the heat involved in their bonding may affect the waterproofing layer. Thus in many embodiments, the layers are each bonded to adjacent layers by laser bonding. As discussed earlier, in the event that the waterproofing layer is a metallic sheet, laser bonding may be replaced by laminating, which can be applied without compromising the integrity of the metallic sheet.
  • the waterproofing sheet may be joined in different sections to form the desired size of sheet for the intended application.
  • the waterproofing membrane may be made from the waterproofing sheet by applying a UV-protection liquid to the support material of the waterproofing sheet.
  • the UV-protection liquid may be a solution, a suspension, an emulsion or a microemulsion. It comprises a UV-protection polymer or a precursor thereto, such that, once the liquid has been applied to the support material, it may deposit the UV-protection polymer therein and/or thereon.
  • the formation of the UV-protection coating may comprise forming a UV- protection polymer from the UV-protection liquid (e.g. by condensation of monomelic or oligomeric components thereof or by polymerisation of one or more components thereof) or by evaporation of the solvent so as to deposit the UV-protection solvent present in the liquid in and/or on the support material.
  • the solvent is commonly a volatile solvent. It may be an aqueous solvent. It may be water.
  • the UV-protection liquid may be an aqueous solution, suspension, emulsion or microemulsion comprising either the UV-protection polymer or one or more precursors thereto.
  • the UV protection liquid may be applied at about 0.2 to about 2L/m 2 , or about 0.2 to 1, 0.2 to 0.5, 0.5 to 2, 1 to 2, 0.5 to 1.5 or 0.5 to 1 L/m 2 , e.g. about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2 L/m 2 . In some cases heating of the waterproofing sheet with the UV-protection liquid therein and/or thereon may be required.
  • the cure (i.e. formation and/or deposition) of the UV-protection polymer may be conducted at between about 0 and about 5O 0 C, or about 0 to 30, 0 to 20, 0 to 10, 0 to 5, 4 to 50, 10 to 50, 20 to 50, 4 to 30, 4 to 20, 4 to 10, 10 to 30 or 15 to 25 0 C, e.g. about 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 5O 0 C.
  • the time required will depend in part on the temperature.
  • the time required may be about 1 to about 24 hours, or about 1 to 12, 1 to 6, 1 to 3, 3 to 24, 6 to 24, 12 to 24, 3 to 12 or 6 to 12 hours, e.g. about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 hours.
  • the relative humidity during curing may be about 10 to about 90%, or about 10 to 70, 10 to 50, 10 to 30, 20 to 90, 50 to 90, 50 to 70 or 60 to 60%, e.g. about 01, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90%.
  • the UV-protection liquid may be capable of penetrating into the support material. This will depend on the affinity of the UV-protection liquid (in particular its solvent) for the support material, and may also depend on the size of the pores or spaces in the support material.
  • the support material may be hydrophilic so as to permit the liquid to penetrate into the support material.
  • the particle size may be smaller than the mean size of the pores or spaces in the support material so as to facilitate penetration of the liquid, and of droplets or particles therein, into the support material.
  • the liquid, or particles or droplets therein are not capable of penetrating into the support material.
  • the UV-protection polymer may deposit on the support material rather than in it. In this event, provided that the polymer has sufficient mechanical or surface-chemical adhesion to the support material, a workable membrane may result.
  • the top layer of the membrane may in some embodiments comprise a UV-protection polymer and a separate waterproofing polymer. These may be applied in the same step, optionally from the same liquid, or may be applied separately.
  • a UV-protection liquid is applied, containing a UV-protection polymer or precursor(s) thereto, and the UV-protection polymer cured under the conditions described earlier.
  • a second liquid, a waterproofing liquid may then be applied.
  • the waterproofing liquid contains a waterproofing polymer or a precursor or precursors thereto (either in solution, suspension, emulsion, microemulsion or dispersion).
  • Curing of this to form a separate waterproofing layer may be accomplished using the same range of conditions as for the UV-protection liquid.
  • the final cure may be for about 2 to about 10 days, or about 2 to 5, 2 to 3, 3 to 10, 5 to 10, 3 to 4, 4 to 6 or 4 to 5 days.
  • the order of application of the waterproofing liquid and the UV- protection liquid may be reversed from that described above.
  • the UV-protection liquid, and the waterproofing liquid if separate from the UV- protection liquid may (independently) by applied at a rate of about 2 L/m 2 , or about 1 to about 5 L/m 2 , or about 1 to 3, 3 to 5 or 2 to 4 L/m 2 , or about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 L/m 2 .
  • these liquids are about 70% solids (w/w or w/v).
  • the polymers may be applied at a rate of about 1.4 to about 3.5kg/m 2 .
  • the application may be by rolling, spraying brushing or some other suitable method.
  • Each of the UV-protection liquid and the waterproofing liquid may, independently, be about 40 to about 80% solids, or about 40 to 60, 60 to 80, 30 to 50 or 50 to 70%, e.g. about 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80% (w/w or w/v).
  • the membrane is intended for use in waterproofing a substrate, for example a tank, an irrigation channel, a conduit for potable water etc. Commonly aqueducts are constructed either from earth (which is permeable to water) or to concrete, which is prone to cracking. It is important therefore that the membrane has sufficient physical properties to withstand the stresses applied to it in use. These will be discussed below.
  • a significant proportion of the weight of the waterproofing membrane is the UV- protection polymer, and (if present) the waterproofing polymer, in the top layer. Since large areas of membrane are required in many applications (e.g. aqueducts), these may be difficult to apply due to the weight of the membrane. Thus it is more convenient to form the membrane in situ.
  • the waterproofing sheet which is relatively light and easy to transport and manipulate, may be located in place, for example on a concrete irrigation channel. The UV-protection liquid may then be applied and cured in place, and if necessary a subsequent step to apply a waterproofing polymer may subsequently be conducted.
  • an aqueous liquid for applying the polymer(s) preferably one having low content of noxious volatile materials (e.g. organic solvents, monomers etc.). It is also beneficial to be able to cure the polymer(s) at ambient temperatures. These may for example be as low as about 0 to 5 0 C. In such cases curing times of up to 24 hours or even more may be required. An additional requirement is that the waterproofing sheet be provided in manageable sizes which can be joined in order to obtain the required size. Typically aqueducts require widths of up to 24m of sheet. These may be formed by joining strips that are up to 8m wide (e.g. 4 to 8, 4 to 6, 6 to 8, for example 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8m wide).
  • the length of the rolls may be up to about 200m, about 10 to 200, 50 to 200, 100 to 200, 10 to 100, 10 to 50, 10 to 20, 50 to 150, 50 to 100 or 100 to 150m, e.g. about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190 or 200m. If longer lengths are required, these may be joined at the ends, by heat welding as required. It may be convenient for transportation of the rolls for the sheet to be folded prior to rolling. For example a 12m wide sheet may have 3m on either side folded inwards so that the final roll has a width of 6m. This may facilitate transportation and installation of the sheet.
  • the membrane may be formed in situ from the waterproofing sheet by application of a UV-protection liquid so as to provide a UV-protection polymer. If the liquid is applied beyond the edges of the sheet and onto the substrate at the sides thereof, a continuous polymer layer may form. This may serve to anchor the resulting membrane in place. Movement of the membrane so formed may also be inhibited by friction of the base layer with the substrate. If further anchoring is required, bolts, anchors or other locating devices may be applied to or through the sheet prior to application of the UV-protection liquid. These serve to anchor the sheet, and the resulting membrane, to the substrate.
  • a waterproofing liquid so as to form a waterproofing polymer layer
  • a waterproofing polymer layer covers the bolts, anchors or other locating devices with a the waterproofing polymer so as to preserve the waterproofing integrity of the membrane.
  • a furrow e.g. a trench or other depression may be formed on one or both sides of the aqueduct.
  • the sheet may then be applied to the aqueduct so that its edges penetrate at least partly into the furrow(s) at the sides of the aqueduct.
  • At least partially filling the furrow(s) with for example sand, soil, rocks or a combination of these, so as to cover the edges of the sheet (either before or after application of the UV-protection liquid to form the membrane) serves to further prevent movement of the membrane in place.
  • the length of the overhang into the furrow(s) will depend on the batter wall depth and the stresses to which the membrane is to be subjected.
  • the overhang may be up to about 2m, or up to about 1.5 or Im, or about 0.5 to about 2m, or about 0.5 to 1, 1 to 2 or 1.5 to 2m, e.g. about 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2m.
  • the sheet or membrane of the present invention should be sufficiently flexible to withstand the mechanical stresses applied to it during use. This may involve cattle walking over the membrane.
  • the sheet or membrane may be applied over an uneven surface, e.g. pebbles or stones, and the mechanical stresses applied from above may be exacerbated by this.
  • the sheet or membrane may be resilient. It may be strong. It may resistant to UV radiation. It may be not degraded by exposure to water. It may be capable of retaining its waterproof integrity for at least about 10 years in its intended application, or at least about 20, 30, 40 or 50 years. It may be resistant to stress cracking. It may be abrasion resistant. It may be durable. It may be puncture resistant.
  • the waterproofing sheet or membrane described herein is very resistant to degradation in use.
  • the membrane of the present invention may in a preferred embodiment be a 3 part membrane:
  • a top layer of geofabric (commonly about 90gsm for optimum saturation by the polymer system) saturated with a polymer system comprising a UV-protection polymer and a waterproofing polymer;
  • a base layer geofabric which is dependent on the terrain on which the membrane is to be used, which provides strength and bearing capability according to expected traffic and substrate. It may be regarded as a conventional waterproofing membrane having attached protective layers on either side, and with additional waterproofing as a safeguard for performance.
  • Waterproofing solutions that have been used in the past include simple polymer sheets (e.g. HDPE, LLDPE, PVC etc.). Problems with these include resistance to mechanical stresses, resistance to chemical and radiation damage, difficulty in maintaining waterproof properties while securing them to a substrate etc. A comparison between the present invention and prior systems is shown in the following table.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • EIA ethylene interpolymer alloy - PVC with an ethylene interpolymer. It is plasticiser free
  • CSPE-R chlorosulfonated polyethylene
  • FPP flexible polypropylene
  • GCL geosynthetic clay liners
  • Suitable properties for the liner of the invention are: Thickness: >1.5mm
  • Tongue tear strength >100N (>100N: MD; >120N: TD)
  • the liner may have low, preferably minimal, thermal expansion within the temperature range in which it is used. This helps preserve its integrity in use. It may be stable in contact with dirt or soil, so that in use it does not degrade substantially over its intended period of use.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention addresses issues currently limiting the widespread use of flexible liners in irrigation modernisation programs.
  • the ITM Liner performance parameters are permeability, durability and mechanical performance.
  • the ITM Liner reduces the requirement for critical material selection, reduces channel preparation and installation time, enhances quality assurance and control program and complex in-field maintenance and repairs.
  • the ITM Liner is laser bonded from geofabric and geomembrane materials to make a single strong, resilient, flexible and impervious sheet.
  • the geomembrane construction methods and seaming practices follow accepted QC/QA programs to allow for meaningful inspection and testing both in the field and from the laboratory.
  • the ITM Liner is a water impermeable membrane system.
  • the system of saturated impermeable polymer layer and the geomembrane layer provide for a dual waterproof barriers between water and substrate.
  • Ih use the ITM Liner is placed into an earthen channel.
  • the geofabric based waterproofing sheet is laid into the channel with DPLIl spray applied polymer layer saturating the top layer of the sheet. This is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 2 shows photographs of the membrane, illustrating its constituent parts.
  • DPI 1 is a UV-resistant waterproofing material.
  • the product is designed and manufactured according to channel survey.
  • the ITM Liner is laser bonded during manufacture to channel design specifications, creating a single membrane through the channel width.
  • the joining of different sections of sheet to achieve the desired width is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • Geofabric Channel Profiling where Geofabric liners are required to be greater than 4 lineal metres for a nominated channel, edge separation of the fabric allows for "laser bonding' to meet design and construction requirements.
  • Geofabric widths are limited by handling and shipping constraints.
  • the ITM Liner has waterproofing redundancy on two levels, the first being a two part saturation process of the top layer and the second the imbedded waterproof geomembrane.
  • the geomembrane is protected on two sides, the top layer comprising DPLl 1 polymer system for UV resistance and waterproofing and the base being a geofabric layer.
  • Both the geomembrane and geofabric can be designed to reflect stress and or bearing requirements of mechanical, stratum and or livestock/fauna impact required by ITM Liner to meet design and construction objectives.
  • Fig. 4 outlines how the ITM Liner can vary according design requirements. Strength and bearing capabilities require a trade off between flexibility and stiffness.
  • ITM Liner is flexible. While the surface area is smooth, its flexibility will allow traffic to walk out of the channel. The ITM Liner flexibility ensures there is “movement” and therefore facilitates grip over the substrate. As discussed should there be a requirement for increased traffic of livestock and or fauna the ITM Liner profile can be designed accordingly. Further, the ITM Liner can be designed to cater for substrates that may impact (puncture) the liner through either installation and or on filling or flow of the channel.
  • TheJlM__Iiiier_application has been designed to meet the application environment. In Australia the irrigation channels are empty for 4-6 months of the year, depending on flow level and water availability. DPLl 1 contains UV protection materials to provide a 20 year life. The colour of DPLl 1 can be varied to assist in sunlight and heat absorption. Thus it may be a pale colour in order to reduce heating 25a
  • ITM Liner is laser bonded in the factory to meet channel survey. When laid in the channel, the rolls are joined in situ by heat bonding. The heat bonding seals the geofabric and geomembrane to a solid layer. Further, DPLl 1 with sonata tape over the join creates a seamless bond between the ITM Liner installed rolls in the channel. This is illustrated in Fig. 5. This procedure is designed to ensure the waterproofing integrity of the join.
  • ITM Liner installation processes have been designed to be efficient and cost effective to maximise labour and equipment utilisation to provide competitive processes to comparable liners.
  • automated boom spray applicators enable kilometres of channel to be laid in a day (assuming channel rectification work has been completed). It is currently possible to lay about 4500 square metres per man per day depending on the spray capabilities of the spray gun used for applying the UV-protection liquid.
  • the saturating polymer, DPLI l has adhesion, strength and UV qualities. By imbedding DPLl 1 into the geofabric, it is possible to increase the strength and adhesion of the geofabric to related structures to ensure waterproofing.
  • DPLl 1 is a water based polymer membrane and requires no specialised equipment or clothing for installation. DPLl 1 is non-combustible. It is non-flammable
  • ITM Liner Due to design flexibility of ITM Liner profile, ITM Liner can be designed to meet stratum and environmental requirements. As part of the design and construction process, material testing is undertaken to ensure the ITM Liner meets the specified channel requirements, including strength testing to lOOkPa (ASTM D5639). Further ITM Liner has AS4020 accreditation for potable water.
  • ITM Liner is saturated with DPLl 1 that has UV tolerances projected at 20 years. Further DPLl 1 is light coloured (sandstone) to minimise heat absorption - DPLl 1 can be made in a variety of colours. In addition, DPLl 1 does not become brittle or weak through continued exposure to UV or heat. ITM Liner has reasonable puncture resistance. However the ITM Liner invention can be designed to meet a specified puncture resistance requirement for in situ stratum and or environment.
  • ITM Liner is covered with DPLI l, providing multiple water flow with minimal resistance.
  • the ITM Liner allows for low flows, being minimal water release and ensure 27
  • the ITM Liner is deployed to the channel as a single liner, joined at the end of the roll length through heat bonding and DPLl 1 adhesions. This installation process ensures there is limited in situ joining of geo material, thereby ensuring there is a total impervious liner in the channel.
  • the ITM Liner has incorporated a waterproof geomembrane layer. It is understood and accepted the channel base may not be dry and ready for liner deployment as this may occur in the cooler months when irrigation supply is not mandatory. To manage this likelihood, the base geofabric with waterproof membrane does not allow in situ moisture into the liner at the point of installation. The nature of the geofabric on the base layer will allow for in situ material (soil/earth) to be immersed and become part of the liner. Further this will create friction with the batter slope for ease of installation and ongoing deployment.
  • the DPLl 1 membrane is a water based polymer.
  • the in factory seaming process allows the installer to roll out the ITM Line directly to the channel for DPLl 1 saturating. This is part of the ITM Liner application for rapid deployment to meet the limited channel availability, and is beneficial for channel rectification in winter months.
  • the ITM Liner is manufactured to channel width and heat bonded in situ with DPLl 1 sealing. The laser and heat bonding meet tensile property requirements and do not impede the rate of liner installation.
  • the dual impervious layers greatly enhance QC/QA undertakings for channel lining.
  • the anchoring system prescribed for the present invention is similar to other channel liners, however the geofabric base of the ITM Liner creates friction between the ITM Liner and the earth bank, thereby reducing significantly the slip associated with the ITM Liner application process.
  • the overhang and depth of the channel anchoring trench is dependent on channel width, depth, batter slope and flow.
  • the installation in an aqueduct is illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the excavation of the channel trench and placement of the ITM Liner as above ensure that any water run is away from the channel to reduce silt transfer from outside the channel.
  • Fig. 7 shows photographs illustrating the installation of Fig. 6.
  • ITM Liners are easily attached to channel infrastructure to create an impervious join between the ITM Liner and structure. Means for achieving this are illustrated in Fig. 8. In 28
  • a T-piece anchoring the ITM Liner to a substrate, in this case concrete. Gaps or potential water leaks created by the T-piece and its penetration through the Liner and into the concrete may be sealed by conventional means such as a silicone sealing layer.
  • the T-piece may be inserted into a gap in the substrate, for example a sawn cut in the concrete.
  • the present invention allows for DPLI l bond to both the geofabric and concrete thereby overcoming a major installation shortcoming of polymer based membranes (HDPE, etc).
  • the ITM Liner can be easily joined to concrete and steel irrigation infrastructure.
  • DPLl 1 adhesion qualities ensure an impervious join to existing infrastructure.
  • DPLI l is used to line and seal concrete water channels and aqueducts and as such can be used to join and seal the liner to channel infrastructure.
  • Fig. 9 shows drawings for the integration of the membrane to an existing channel
  • Fig. 10 shows photographs of the membrane in operation in different applications.
  • the actual geomembrane material contributes a relatively small component of the overall cost of the lining.
  • Other contributing factors include surface preparation and installation. Attempts to reduce installation costs by simple reduction in geomembrane cost may be ineffective and result in poor performance.
  • the cost of the ITM Liner is comparable to the cost performance of HDPE and similar liners and in nearly all cases is be better value per metre laid, hi addition to the invention providing a dual impervious layer, there are considerable savings in installation time and costs in using the present invention over the prior art. This saving is also reflected in total life-cycle costs of systems, which includes:
  • ITM Liner thickness is determined according to design and construction requirements and is provided according to the specified project.
  • the installed ITM Liner is heavier than water and will not float from the ingress of ground water. 29
  • the projected life of the liner is estimated to be at least 20 years. Further there is no evidence to suggest the ITM Liner will be favoured by rodents and or termites.
  • the subgrade i.e. the substrate to which the membrane is to be applied
  • the subgrade should prepared to provide a workable base for the placement of the ITM Liner.
  • the subgrade does not need to be overly prepared as the flexible nature of the ITM Liner will allow it to assume the shape of the channel in situ.
  • the ITM Liner can be designed to meet channel stratum and environment. As mention, the channel conditions may be damp or moist without adverse effects on the invention, however they should be conducive to acceptable work practices.
  • the ITM Liner require minimal subgrade preparation as the liner will assume the shape of the in situ channel.
  • the ITM Liner invention allows for the native soil subgrade to be disturbed as little as possible in the excavation or reshaping operation.
  • the subgrade on both the batters and bed, should be firm, reasonably dry and relatively smooth, with all sharp objects removed that might puncture the geomembrane liner. Dragging the subgrade with a heavy chain or tractor track can be a rapid and effective method of smoothing the channel subgrade.
  • the ITM Liner invention does not require foiling the subgrade with a compactor to obtain a smooth surface. This was a conservative practice specified in the past that is no longer necessary with ITM Liner.
  • Batter slopes can be increased, as the ITM base layer has the ability to provide considerable friction and impregnation by the in situ material.
  • the ITM Liner invention can incorporate geogrid to create a structural component to meet channel design, as illustrated in Fig. 11. However, design and construction of batters should take into consideration the stratum and ITM Liner material.
  • the ITM Liner invention has been designed to make desilting processes timely and efficient. These would use a slurry pumps to "vacuum" silt and water from the channel base and be removed to the adjacent field.
  • a typical application procedure for lining a water channel involves:
  • a saturating coat i.e. a UV-protection liquid comprising a UV- protection polymer
  • this is typically applied at about 4500m 2 /person/day (typically 0.75-1 L/m 2 , for example 0.8L/m 2 );
  • the order of application of the UV-protection liquid and the waterproofing liquid may if required be reversed.
  • Fig. 12 shows photographs of the membrane in preparation (spraying of the aqueous liquid onto the applied waterproofing sheet) and of the final membrane in use.
  • I 0 The ITM Liner need only be covered if design and construction requirements deem it to be necessary to meet stratum and environmental conditions. However in general this is not necessary. Fencing, in order to prevent livestock walking on the membrane, may not be required for ITM Liners. Investigation of channel design and construction should be reviewed if livestock traffic is anticipated and required. Unlike current liners (e.g. is HDPE), human, livestock and fauna can easily traverse the ITM Lined channel with no significant damage to the membrane.
  • current liners e.g. is HDPE
  • the repair of the ITM Liner in the event of damage is relatively straightforward and does not require skilled labour or expensive equipment to implement a repair.
  • the process involves: 0 1.
  • the area for repair is identified, cleaned and dried.
  • the membrane showed no adverse effects during testing from 10 to 50 0 C at a range of humidities. It may be provided in a range of colours, although light colours are commonly preferred in order to reduce thermal problems in strong sunlight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une feuille d’imperméabilisation comprenant une couche supérieure comprenant un matériau de support, une couche de base et une couche d’imperméabilisation disposée entre ladite couche supérieure et ladite couche de base. La couche d’imperméabilisation peut être liée au laser aux couches qui lui sont adjacentes. La feuille d’imperméabilisation empêche le passage d’eau liquide depuis un premier côté vers un second côté de celle-ci. L’invention se rapporte également à une membrane d’imperméabilisation comprenant la feuille d’imperméabilisation et un polymère de protection UV se trouvant dans et/ou sur le support de la feuille d’imperméabilisation.
PCT/AU2009/000864 2008-07-03 2009-07-03 Membrane WO2010000037A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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AU2009266426A AU2009266426A1 (en) 2008-07-03 2009-07-03 Membrane
NZ590838A NZ590838A (en) 2008-07-03 2009-07-03 Laser welded multi layer waterproofing geotextile membrane sheet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AU2008903421A AU2008903421A0 (en) 2008-07-03 Membrane
AU2008903421 2008-07-03

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WO2010000037A1 true WO2010000037A1 (fr) 2010-01-07
WO2010000037A8 WO2010000037A8 (fr) 2010-03-11

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018014069A1 (fr) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-25 Mark Robert Edmund Curtis Système d'étanchéité pour parois de digue
EP3308958A3 (fr) * 2016-10-17 2018-06-27 Litex AS Système d'imperméabilisation

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091135A (en) * 1972-02-19 1978-05-23 Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd. Laminated bituminous roofing membrane
US4241130A (en) * 1978-05-01 1980-12-23 Champion International Corporation Abrasion and crack resistant package laminate
US5279693A (en) * 1990-05-09 1994-01-18 Lps Industries, Inc. Welding thermoplastic material with a laser
US5422179A (en) * 1989-10-02 1995-06-06 Sarna Patent- Und Lizenz- Ag Polymeric waterproofing membranes
US5747134A (en) * 1994-02-18 1998-05-05 Reef Industries, Inc. Continuous polymer and fabric composite
US6103050A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-08-15 American National Can Company Method of laser slitting and sealing two films
US20010002497A1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-06-07 Alberto M. Scuero Geocomposite system for roads and bridges and construction method
WO2007077182A1 (fr) * 2006-01-03 2007-07-12 Freudenberg Politex S.R.L. Feuille etanche et son procede de fabrication
US7244330B2 (en) * 2004-09-02 2007-07-17 Hellermann Tyton Gmbh Method for bonding a layer of thermoplastic polymer to the surface of an elastomer
US20080020178A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Joachim Ohrle Laminate membrane

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091135A (en) * 1972-02-19 1978-05-23 Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd. Laminated bituminous roofing membrane
US4241130A (en) * 1978-05-01 1980-12-23 Champion International Corporation Abrasion and crack resistant package laminate
US5422179A (en) * 1989-10-02 1995-06-06 Sarna Patent- Und Lizenz- Ag Polymeric waterproofing membranes
US5279693A (en) * 1990-05-09 1994-01-18 Lps Industries, Inc. Welding thermoplastic material with a laser
US5747134A (en) * 1994-02-18 1998-05-05 Reef Industries, Inc. Continuous polymer and fabric composite
US6103050A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-08-15 American National Can Company Method of laser slitting and sealing two films
US20010002497A1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-06-07 Alberto M. Scuero Geocomposite system for roads and bridges and construction method
US7244330B2 (en) * 2004-09-02 2007-07-17 Hellermann Tyton Gmbh Method for bonding a layer of thermoplastic polymer to the surface of an elastomer
WO2007077182A1 (fr) * 2006-01-03 2007-07-12 Freudenberg Politex S.R.L. Feuille etanche et son procede de fabrication
US20080020178A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Joachim Ohrle Laminate membrane

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018014069A1 (fr) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-25 Mark Robert Edmund Curtis Système d'étanchéité pour parois de digue
EP3308958A3 (fr) * 2016-10-17 2018-06-27 Litex AS Système d'imperméabilisation

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WO2010000037A8 (fr) 2010-03-11
NZ590838A (en) 2012-06-29
AU2009266426A1 (en) 2010-01-07

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