WO2009157115A1 - 中性子線量計 - Google Patents
中性子線量計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009157115A1 WO2009157115A1 PCT/JP2009/000906 JP2009000906W WO2009157115A1 WO 2009157115 A1 WO2009157115 A1 WO 2009157115A1 JP 2009000906 W JP2009000906 W JP 2009000906W WO 2009157115 A1 WO2009157115 A1 WO 2009157115A1
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- neutron
- data
- dose equivalent
- energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/06—Measuring neutron radiation with scintillation detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a neutron dosimeter that detects neutron energy in various leaky neutron fields that may be exposed to neutrons, such as nuclear facilities and accelerator facilities, and displays a peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) that is a practical amount.
- a portable neutron dosimeter (commonly called REM counter) is used for such measurement.
- the neutron dosimeter receives thermal neutrons or medium-fast neutrons with higher energy than the thermal neutrons, obtains detection signals, processes these detection signals, converts them to the ambient dose equivalent as described above, and immediately It is displayed on the display and enables direct reading of ambient dose equivalent.
- This neutron dosimeter includes a thermal neutron detector.
- a thermal neutron detector As the thermal neutron detector, a BF 3 proportional counter, a 3 He proportional counter, a 6 LiI (Eu) scintillation detector, or the like is used.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional neutron dosimeter
- FIG. 17 (a) is an internal structure diagram of a first example of the prior art
- FIG. 17 (b) is an internal structure diagram of a second example of the prior art
- FIG. 17C is an internal structure diagram of the third example of the prior art
- FIG. 17D is an internal structure diagram of the fourth example of the prior art.
- BF 3 is an example of using a proportional counter 101, BF 3 around the proportional counter 101 polyethylene material 102 covers a moderator Furthermore, a boron plastic material 103 which is a thermal neutron absorber is covered, and finally it is covered with a polyethylene material 104 which is a moderator, and the peripheral dose equivalent is displayed after the detection signal is processed by the rate meter 105 (Not shown).
- a LiI (Eu) scintillation detector is constructed.
- the 6 LiI (Eu) scintillator 201 is covered with a polyethylene moderator 204 through a polyethylene disk 203, further covered with a thermal neutron absorber cadmium 205, and finally covered with a polyethylene moderator 206.
- the photomultiplier tube 202 is covered with a polyethylene material 207.
- the polyethylene moderator 206 is formed as a sphere, and the photomultiplier tube 202 is held on the polyethylene moderator 206 by the holding ring 208.
- neutron dosimeter 300 of the third example of the prior art shown in FIG. 17 (c) an example of using a 3 He proportional counter 301, around the 3 He proportional counter 301 is covered with a polyethylene material 302 moderator Further, it has a multilayer structure covered with a thermal neutron absorbing material 303 and finally covered with a polyethylene material 304 as a moderator, and after the detection signal is calculated by the signal processing unit 305, the peripheral dose equivalent is displayed on the operation panel 306. (Not shown). Most of the outermost polyethylene material 304 is formed as a sphere.
- 3 He proportional counter 401 is covered by a polyethylene member 402 of the moderator, further It has a multilayer structure covered with a thermal neutron absorber 403 and finally covered with a moderator polyethylene material 404.
- the peripheral dose equivalent is displayed on an external display (not shown). ) Is displayed.
- the outermost polyethylene material 404 is formed substantially as a sphere.
- a BF 3 proportional counter or a 3 He proportional counter will be described as an example.
- the principle of detection of neutrons by the BF 3 proportional counter or 3 He proportional counter is based on the charged gas (BF) caused by charged particles generated by the nuclear reaction between incident thermal neutrons and the enclosed gas (BF 3 , 3 He) in the proportional counter. 3 , 3 He) is ionized to obtain a pulsed detection signal.
- FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing the response of the proportional counter to the energy of neutrons.
- the sensitivity of such a proportional counter to neutrons is sensitive to neutrons in the nine-digit energy range from thermal neutrons to medium fast neutrons, but as shown in FIG. 18, the total energy range (0.025 eV Compared with a response of ⁇ 15 MeV (about 9 digits), a response in a partial energy range (10 eV to several hundred keV (about 4 digits)) is reduced to about 1/10 to 1/1000.
- This property is determined by the neutron reaction cross section of the enclosed gas (BF 3 , 3 He). For this reason, the proportional counter alone outputs a constant wave height that does not depend on the energy of neutrons as shown in the characteristic diagram for the output of the mixed gas detector in FIG. 19, and the sensitivity is not good as it is. It was.
- the proportional counter is surrounded by a polyethylene moderator. Since the polyethylene moderator converts medium fast neutrons into thermal neutrons by elastic scattering, the proportional counter can also detect incident medium fast neutrons.
- This neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve is a curve plotting conversion factors for neutron fluence detected for a certain neutron energy into ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) for each neutron energy. Yes, for example, a curve with thick lines as shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a response characteristic curve of detection sensitivity with respect to neutron energy and an ICRP74H * (10) response curve.
- This neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve is shown as a neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve together with the units in FIG.
- a detection signal from a thermal neutron detector combining a proportional counter and a polyethylene moderator is converted based on such a neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve, thereby obtaining a neutron dosimeter. Then, the ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) can be directly read from the detection signal indicating the count rate per fluence.
- Neutron dosimeters using such thermal neutron detectors are widely available on the market and are used in various environments where there is a risk of neutron exposure.
- a neutron dosimeter using a conventional 6 LiI (Eu) scintillation detector detects thermal neutrons based on the same principle. Prior art neutron dosimeters 100-400 are such.
- Patent Document 1 relating to the invention of the present applicant and the present inventor (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-218657, title of invention, neutron detector and neutron dosimeter) The invention described in is known.
- Patent Document 1 includes a proportional counter in which a mixed gas obtained by mixing nitrogen gas and organic compound gas at a predetermined mixing ratio is enclosed, and the neutron energy-response characteristic, which is the detection sensitivity of the proportional counter, is indicated by radiation damage.
- the neutron detector approximates a neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve as stipulated in laws and regulations related to prevention (laws concerning the prevention of radiation damage caused by radioactive isotopes, etc.).
- the detection signal output from the neutron detector is processed to display a peripheral dose equivalent which is a practical amount, and is a neutron dosimeter.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-275602, title of invention, high-sensitivity dosimetry method for high energy neutrons, photons and muons.
- the invention is known.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that light emitted from a detector in which an organic liquid scintillator and a silver mixed zinc sulfide sheet scintillator containing lithium-6 are combined into an electric signal by a photomultiplier tube and then branched into several. Analyzing the voltage of each tributary using a digital waveform analyzer determines the type of radiation incident on the detector and the amount of emitted light, and uses a light emission to dose conversion operator corresponding to each radiation. Neutron, photon and muon doses are measured in real time and with high sensitivity. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-218657, corresponding US Patent Application No. 12 / 034,552 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-275602
- the polyethylene 104 of the neutron dosimeter using the prior art BF 3 proportional counter shown in FIG. 17A has a large diameter exceeding 20 cm, and the neutron dosimeter 100 is large and heavy.
- the polyethylene moderator 206 of the neutron dosimeter using the prior art 6 LiI (Eu) scintillation detector shown in FIG. 17B has a large diameter of 20 cm and 30 cm, and the neutron dosimeter 200 is also large. It was heavy.
- the polyethylene materials 304 and 404 of the neutron dosimeter using the prior art 3 He proportional counter shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D have a large diameter exceeding 20 cm in diameter, and the neutron dosimeter 300 400 was also large and heavy.
- the weight exceeds 10 kg, and even the lightest one weighs about 8 kg.
- a portable neutron dosimeter for carrying around there is a problem that it is very difficult to use that the weight is nearly 10 kg.
- the neutron energy-response characteristics are approximated to the neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion factor curve specified by law. It wasn't.
- the energy characteristics (calculated values and experimental values) representing the sensitivity of the thermal neutron detector are neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) at 1 eV or less and 100 keV or more.
- the response curve (neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve) is in good agreement, but is overestimated between 1 eV and 100 keV.
- the neutron dosimeter described in Patent Document 1 enables a neutron detector to detect a wide range of neutron energy ranging from thermal neutrons and medium-fast neutrons based on a novel detection principle, as well as the neutron fluence stipulated by law.
- this neutron detector is sensitive to medium-fast neutrons, minimizing the use of moderators to slow down medium-fast neutrons and generate thermal neutrons as in the prior art.
- the weight of the neutron detector is reduced by minimizing the use of thermal neutron absorbers so that the detection sensitivity of the neutron detector closely matches the neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve.
- the neutron dosimeter described in Patent Document 1 is excellent in that the moderator is reduced in volume to a light neutron dosimeter of about 2 kg or less, but there is a high demand for further weight reduction. . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight by eliminating the moderator, and to deal with detection signal processing to match the detection sensitivity to the neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve.
- the neutron dosimeter described in Patent Document 1 when a wave height is obtained by a wave height discriminator (discrete circuit), there is a lower limit level of measurement due to electrical noise of the circuit and noise mixed with ⁇ -ray signals.
- the detection sensitivity in a partial energy range of, for example, 10 eV to several hundred keV (about 4 digits) is lowered, as in the characteristics shown in FIG. ) May not be detected, and the neutron dosimeter described in Patent Document 1 has a moderation material and only an organic mixed gas with a partial energy range (10 eV to several hundred keV (about 4 digits)). It was found that measuring neutrons with high accuracy is difficult in practice.
- the detection sensitivity of the detector is a neutron whose detection sensitivity is closely approximated to the neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion factor curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve). Since it deviates from detection sensitivity with energy-response characteristics (hereinafter referred to as target detection sensitivity), it was necessary to consider compensation.
- the purpose of the present invention is to reduce the weight significantly without using a moderator for detection, and the actual detection sensitivity differs from the target detection sensitivity due to the absence of the moderator.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a neutron dosimeter that maintains detection performance by compensating by signal processing and improves user convenience.
- the neutron dosimeter of the present invention comprises nitrogen gas and an organic compound gas, and the sum of the mixing ratio ⁇ of the nitrogen gas and the mixing ratio ⁇ of the organic compound gas is 1.
- a mixed gas in which the mixing ratio ⁇ of nitrogen gas is 0.05 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.25 and the mixing ratio ⁇ of the organic compound gas is 1.0 ⁇ is encapsulated.
- a mixed gas detector that outputs a detection pulse signal with a pulse height according to energy, an amplifier that amplifies the detection pulse signal output from the mixed gas detector to a predetermined peak level, and a detection pulse signal output from the amplifier
- An A / D converter for converting to pulse data and G (L) function data are registered for each wave height level L.
- the detected pulse data output from the A / D converter is converted to G ( L) Convert to function data
- the data correction unit and the number of G (L) function data output from the data correction unit are counted for each wave height level to generate count data for each wave height level, and the G (L) function data and count data for each wave height level.
- a display that displays ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) using data, and characteristics when neutron energy is on the horizontal axis and ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) is on the vertical axis neutron fluence the trend of - ambient dose equivalent (1cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve approximation of the (neutron energy -ICRP74 H * (10) response curve) And so that a G (L) function data.
- the organic compound gas is methane gas
- the mixed gas sealed in the mixed gas detector preferably has an internal pressure of 0.1 atm (0.01 MPa) to 25 atm (2.5 MPa).
- the data correction unit detects the detected pulse data with a wave height level of 400 keV or less.
- the detection pulse data is discarded when the pulse is input, and the G ′ (L) function data corrected for the pulse height level is output when the detection pulse data of the pulse height level of 400 keV to 15 MeV is input.
- the unit multiplies the G ′ (L) function data corrected for each wave height level and the count data to generate multiplication data having a wave height of 400 keV to 15 MeV, and the data obtained by adding up all the multiplication data of the wave heights of 400 keV to 15 MeV. Output as dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) data.
- FIG. 3A is a detailed view of each part
- FIG. 3A is a detailed view of a data correction unit
- FIG. 3B is a detailed view of a dose equivalent calculation unit. It is a characteristic view which shows the number of neutrons with respect to the neutron energy of 100 keV or less which injects into a mixed gas detector. It is a characteristic view which shows the count number with respect to neutron energy of 100 keV or less.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of G (L) and G ′ (L) with respect to an output wave height L. It is explanatory drawing of the neutron dosimeter of a prior art, FIG.
- FIG. 17 (a) is an internal structure figure of the 1st example of a prior art
- FIG.17 (b) is an internal structure figure of the 2nd example of a prior art
- FIG. ) Is an internal structural diagram of the third example of the prior art
- FIG. 17D is an internal structural diagram of the fourth example of the prior art. It is a characteristic view which shows the response of the proportional counter with respect to the energy of neutron. It is a characteristic view which shows the response of the proportional counter with respect to neutron energy. It is explanatory drawing explaining the response curve of detection sensitivity with respect to neutron energy, and H * (10) response curve.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the neutron dosimeter of this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a mixed gas detector (hollow cylindrical type)
- FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view
- FIG. 2 (b) is a front view
- FIG. 2 (c) is a sectional view.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of each part
- FIG. 3 (a) is a detailed view of a data correction unit
- FIG. 3 (b) is a detailed view of a dose equivalent calculation unit.
- the neutron dosimeter 1 includes a mixed gas detector 10, a processing circuit unit 20, and a display unit 30.
- the mixed gas detector 10 includes a detector main body 11 and an enclosed space 12.
- the processing circuit unit 20 includes a high-voltage power source 21, a preamplifier 22, a waveform shaping amplifier 23, an A / D conversion unit 24, a data correction unit 25, and a dose equivalent calculation unit 26, as shown in FIG.
- the data correction unit 25 includes a CPU 251 and a G (L) function storage unit 252 as shown in FIG.
- the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 includes a CPU 261 and a storage unit 262 as shown in more detail in FIG.
- the display unit 30 includes a display driver 31 and a display 32 as shown in FIG.
- the mixed gas detector 10 (1) discriminates the energy of incident neutrons, and the processing circuit unit to cope with a partial range where the discrimination accuracy of neutron energy is not high 20
- the neutron dosimeter is corrected by the G (L) function to discriminate the energy of the incident neutrons over the entire range.
- the accuracy of the neutron dosimeter correction by the G (L) function is improved. Improvements have been made in terms of improving detection accuracy.
- the neutron dosimeter 1 is capable of synergistically combining these improvements to maintain detection performance even without a moderator.
- the mixed gas detector 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the mixed gas detector 10 of this form is demonstrated as what is a hollow cylinder type, even if it is set as the spherical mixed gas detector 10, for example, the structure which has a spherical enclosure space is employ
- an enclosed space 12 is formed in a detector body 11 formed in a hollow cylindrical shape whose both sides are closed by discs.
- a mixed gas described later is sealed in the sealed space 12.
- the material of the detector body 11 is SUS304, and the thickness of the wall surface and both ends is 0.3 mm. It has a pressure resistance of 5 atmospheres (60 ° C.) with a thickness of 0.3 mm. This is about 25% of the material strength limit. Note that even if the material is thinned by 0.1 mm due to processing accuracy or impact, it is about 35% of the material strength limit and there is no risk of rupture or the like.
- the thickness is set to 0.8 mm to ensure sufficient strength. Electrodes are formed on the discs on both sides of the detector body 11 so as to sandwich the enclosed space 12, and a high electric field is applied to the mixed gas in the enclosed space 12 by these electrodes.
- nitrogen gas and organic compound gas are mixed and sealed as a mixed gas sealed in the mixed gas detector 10 at a predetermined mixing ratio.
- the organic compound gas is sealed with either methane, ethane, or propane. Alternatively, it is a combination of any two of methane, ethane, or propane. Or, methane, ethane, and propane are all enclosed.
- low energy neutrons medium energy neutrons and high energy neutrons are classifications for convenience in the present specification.
- nitrogen gas detects neutrons by reaction with low energy neutrons (about 100 keV or less). That is, detection of low energy neutrons depends on the amount of nitrogen gas.
- Organic compound gas detects neutrons by reaction with medium energy neutrons (about 100 keV to 10 MeV) and high energy neutrons (about 10 MeV or more). In other words, the detection of medium and high energy neutrons depends on the amount of organic compound gas (methane, ethane, propane).
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the number of neutrons with respect to neutron energy of 100 keV or less incident on the mixed gas detector
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the count number with respect to neutron energy of 100 keV or less.
- detection is performed mainly by charged particles generated by nuclear reaction with nitrogen gas.
- a detection signal having the characteristics as shown is output. This is because when the number of incident neutrons shown in FIG. 4 increases or decreases, the peak count indicated by hatching in FIG. 5 increases or decreases.
- the detection sensitivity by low energy neutrons below about 100 keV can be adjusted by the amount of nitrogen gas.
- the low energy neutrons (a, b, c, d) below about 100 keV appear in the same channel of 0.7 MeV or 0.8 MeV in the detection signal output. Therefore, there is no energy information of incident neutrons.
- the detection signal passes through an amplifier 22 and a waveform shaping amplifier 23, and as shown in FIG. 5, a detection pulse signal having a wave height level L (horizontal axis) ranging from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the number of neutrons for neutron energy of 100 keV or more incident on the mixed gas detector
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the count number for neutron energy of 100 keV or more
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram (actual measurement diagram) showing the response of the mixed gas detector 10 to the energy of neutrons.
- H (n, n) p mainly with organic compound gas (methane, ethane, propane). Since detection is performed using charged particles generated by elastic scattering or nuclear reaction, a detection signal having characteristics as shown in FIG. 7 is output. When the number of incident neutrons shown in FIG. 6 increases or decreases, the count shown in FIG. 7 increases or decreases. Moreover, the detection sensitivity by medium and high energy exceeding about 100 keV can be adjusted by the amount of organic compound gas (methane, ethane, propane). Further, as is apparent from FIG.
- the detection signal passes through an amplifier 22 and a waveform shaping amplifier 23, and as shown in FIG. 7, a detection pulse signal having a wave height level L (horizontal axis) ranging from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV.
- the detection signal output from 10 includes information on the wave height of energy when medium energy neutrons (about 100 keV to 10 MeV) are incident. Although not shown, it has been confirmed that information on the wave height of energy is also included when high-energy neutrons (about 10 MeV or more) are incident. Thus, detection of medium and high energy neutrons is achieved by organic compound gases (methane, ethane, propane).
- the neutron energy-response characteristics representing the detection sensitivity (count rate per fluence) of this proportional counter to the neutron energy by appropriately selecting the mixing ratio of nitrogen gas and organic compound gas and the enclosed atmospheric pressure, the neutron fluence-periphery It can be approximated to a dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion factor curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve).
- the mixing ratio ⁇ of nitrogen gas is In the energy range of about 5 digits of 0.025 eV to 10 eV and 400 keV to 15 MeV by making 0.05 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 and the mixing ratio ⁇ of the organic compound gas is 1.0 ⁇ . It was found that the neutron energy-response characteristics as detection sensitivity can be approximated to a neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve).
- the mixing ratio has a range because the optimum value varies depending on various design matters such as the shape of the proportional counter and the selection of the organic compound gas, and the mixing ratio cannot be completely specified.
- the mixing ratio thereof is also adjusted. For example, if ethane (C 2 H 6 ) or propane (C 3 H 8 ) with more hydrogen atoms is enclosed than methane (CH 4 ) with fewer hydrogen atoms, H (n, n) p elastic scattering is more likely to occur. It is expected that the charged particles due to the recoil protons p can be increased to adjust the detection sensitivity.
- Mixing ratios of methane, ethane, or propane can also be used for adjustment. By satisfying such a range, it is possible to obtain neutron energy-response characteristics which are better detection sensitivity than the prior art.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing characteristics according to the mixing ratio of the organic mixed gas.
- the methane gas component is 95% or more, the nitrogen gas is 5% or less, so the thermal neutron (0.025 eV) is underestimated to 50% or less.
- the characteristic (simulation) starting from the point ⁇ on the characteristic diagram, the entire ICRP Pub. It is far from the neutron peripheral dose equivalent conversion constant of 74 recommendation, and is not appropriate.
- the methane gas component is 75% or less, the nitrogen gas will be 25% or more, so the thermal neutrons will be overestimated twice or more. This is because the point ⁇ on the characteristic diagram is ICRP Pub. This is also clear from the fact that the neutron peripheral dose equivalent conversion constant of 74 Recommendations is significantly deviated upward.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram of the radiation dose rate with respect to the distance from the neutron source
- FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram of a statistical error with respect to the radiation dose rate.
- the radiation dose rate using fast neutrons (sensitivity to 252Cf) as a neutron source and the radiation dose rate of neutrons in the environment are as shown in FIG.
- neutrons from neutron sources with a BSS exemption level (10 kBq) (10 nSv / h to 1 ⁇ Sv / h) neutrons from neutron sources with a BSS exemption level (10 kBq) (1 ⁇ Sv) / H to 10 mSv / h).
- the neutron sensitivity of such fast neutrons (sensitivity to 252Cf) is determined by ICRP Pub.
- the objective is to set the statistical error ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) of the detected neutron count to 20% or less.
- the pressure of the mixed gas necessary to make the statistical error ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) of the count value of detected neutrons 20% or less is mainly neutrons in the environment (5 nSv / h to 10 nSv). / H) is measured, the point x on the characteristic diagram is 20% or less, so the optimum internal pressure must be 25 atm or more. Also, when measuring neutrons (10 nSv / h to 1 ⁇ Sv / h) mainly from neutron sources with a BSS exemption level (10 kBq), the point x, point ⁇ , and point ⁇ on the characteristic diagram should be 20% or less. To 1 atm or more.
- the point x, the point ⁇ , the point ⁇ , the point ⁇ , and the point ⁇ on the characteristic diagram are 20 % Or less, it is necessary to set the pressure to 0.1 atmosphere or more.
- the internal pressure of the mixed gas in the enclosed space 12 of the mixed gas detector may be 0.1 atm (0.01 MPa) or more and 25 atm (2.5 MPa) or less. In particular, at 25 atmospheres (2.5 MPa), the statistical error ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) of the count values of all detected neutrons can be reduced to 20% or less.
- the output characteristics of the mixed gas detector are, for example, as shown in the characteristic diagram showing the characteristics according to the mixing ratio of the organic mixed gas in FIG.
- the detection sensitivity for the energy range of about five digits of neutron energy incident on the mixed gas detector from 0.025 eV to 10 eV and 400 keV to 15 MeV is equivalent to neutron energy-response characteristics, neutron fluence, ambient dose equivalent (1 cm). It can be seen that it is close to the dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve).
- the mixed gas detector 10 is such. Next, the processing circuit unit 20 will be described.
- the high voltage power supply 21 supplies a high voltage of 1000 V to 4000 V to the pair of electrodes of the mixed gas detector 10.
- a detection pulse signal based on the current output extracted from the electrode of the mixed gas detector 10 is output. This detection pulse signal is input to the preamplifier 22.
- the preamplifier 22 amplifies the detection pulse signal until it has a wave height that can be used by the waveform shaping amplifier 23.
- the waveform shaping amplifier 23 outputs a detection pulse signal obtained by amplifying the detection pulse signal so as to have a wave height waveform that can be A / D converted by the A / D converter 24.
- These preamplifier 22 and waveform shaping amplifier 23 constitute the amplifier of the present invention.
- the A / D converter 24 converts the detection pulse signal output from the waveform shaping amplifier 23 into detection pulse data.
- This detected pulse data is pulse data having a wave height proportional to the neutron energy.
- pulse height analysis of pulse data which is energy information of neutrons, is performed.
- the detection pulse signal is a signal having a wave height level L ranging from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV
- the A / D converted detection pulse data is data having a wave height level L ranging from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV.
- the data correction unit 25 converts the detection pulse data into G (L) function data described later. Specifically, it is performed as follows.
- the CPU 251 functions as means for discriminating the input detection pulse data into a predetermined range level (from the lower wave height level to the upper wave height level) for each wave height level of the detection pulse data. Since the detection pulse data also has a wave height level L ranging from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV, the wave height level L is divided into a plurality of levels from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV. For example, the first wave height level, the second wave height level,..., The nth wave height level are distinguished into n-stage wave height levels.
- the first to sixth wave height levels are used, and the range level of neutron energy (MeV) is 0.1 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1.0, 1.0 to 2.0, 2.0. Discrimination is made at wave height levels in the range of -5.0, 5.0-10.0, 10.0-20.0. This example is roughly divided into 6 levels for the sake of simplicity of explanation, but in actuality, it is classified into about 100 levels, for example.
- MeV neutron energy
- This CPU 251 can remove unnecessary components below a predetermined level (noise signal and ⁇ -ray signal) and extract only a desired detection signal based on neutrons. A plurality of detection signals classified according to wave height levels are output.
- the CPU 251 functions as means for selecting G (L) function data corresponding to the detection pulse data divided according to the pulse height level L and reading it from the G (L) function storage unit 252, and further, this G (L) function data is used as the dose. It functions as a means for outputting to the equivalent calculation unit 26. This corrects to change the weight to the dose per pulse. Details of this weight change will be described later.
- the CPU 261 of the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 functions as a means for discriminating the input G (L) function data into a predetermined range of wave height levels (from the lower wave height level to the upper wave height level).
- the first wave height level, the second wave height level,..., The nth wave height level are distinguished into n stages.
- the wave height levels of the neutron energy (MeV) are G 1 (L), G 2 (L), G 3 (L), G 4 (L), G 5 ( L) and G 6 (L) are discriminated at the wave height level. This example is roughly divided into 6 levels for the sake of simplicity of explanation, but in actuality, it is classified into about 100 levels, for example.
- the CPU 261 of the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 counts the number of G (L) function data divided for each wave height level for each wave height level, and generates count data for each wave height level.
- Count data for each peak level among the count data n 1 (L), n 2 (L), n 3 (L), n 4 (L), n 5 (L), and n 6 (L) Is incremented by +1 and stored in the storage unit 262.
- This count data indicates a count value (that is, a count rate) per unit time in a certain range of wave height level L (energy value E).
- Such a process is performed each time G (L) function data is input from the data correction unit 25.
- This example is roughly divided into 6 levels for the sake of simplicity of explanation, but in actuality, it is classified into about 100 levels, for example.
- the CPU 261 of the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 counts data n 1 (L), n 2 (L), n 3 (L), n 4 (L), n 5 (L), and n 6 (L) every predetermined period. Are multiplied by G 1 (L), G 2 (L), G 3 (L), G 4 (L), G 5 (L), and G 6 (L), respectively, to obtain multiplication data for each peak level. It generates and functions as a means for outputting the peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent), which is a value obtained by adding and adding all the multiplication data for each wave height level.
- a is a proportionality constant, it is expressed as the following equation (1).
- the response by the count value follows the neutron energy-response characteristic which is the original sensitivity curve of the neutron detector 10, as shown in FIG. .
- the detection sensitivity is a characteristic when the neutron energy is on the horizontal axis and the peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) is on the vertical axis. Is approximated to a neutron fluence-peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve) to increase detection sensitivity.
- Equation 1 the range level is narrowed by finely dividing the range of the crest level described above (increasing the number of n), and the response due to the ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) is neutron fluence-ambient dose equivalent. (1 cm dose equivalent) conversion coefficient curve (neutron energy-ICRP74 H * (10) response curve) is further followed. As described above, by further dividing the range of the crest level, that is, by increasing the value of the number of additions n in Equation 1, higher accuracy can be achieved.
- the display driver 31 of the display unit 30 inputs the peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) data from the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 and controls the display 32.
- the display 32 of the display unit 30 displays the peripheral dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) so as to be directly readable according to the control from the display driver 31.
- the configuration described above is housed in a portable case.
- Such a neutron dosimeter 1 displays the ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) on the display 32 so that it can be directly read with high accuracy.
- the mixed gas detector has a neutron energy incident on the mixed gas detector of 0.025 eV to 10 eV and 400 keV to 15 MeV, as shown in the characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the organic mixed gas according to the mixing ratio in FIG.
- the sensitivity is not sufficient at 10 eV to 400 keV, and the detection accuracy is low. Therefore, correction by the G (L) function is performed to correct the neutron dose in the energy range of 10 eV to 400 keV with insufficient accuracy.
- FIG. 13 shows the energy spectrum of the background neutrons (due to cosmic rays)
- Fig. 14 shows the neutron energy after the neutrons generated from the high energy accelerator (800 MeV) have passed through the concrete shield (actual field). It is a figure which shows a spectrum.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a neutron energy spectrum generated from a 252 Cf neutron radiation source and a neutron energy spectrum of a field where a shield is present (an actual field).
- the region below 1 MeV has the same spectrum shape (1 / E spectrum).
- 10 eV to 400 keV is constant in proportion to the number of neutrons of 1 MeV or more. This indicates a 1 / E spectrum. This is because most of the neutrons of 1 MeV or less are slowed down by the interaction of the neutrons of 1 MeV or more with the substance. That is, it can be said that the change in the number of neutrons of 1 MeV or more is caused by the change of the number of neutrons of 1 MeV or less, and the number is in a proportional relationship. From this, the number of neutrons of 10 eV to 400 keV can be corrected from the number of neutrons of 1 MeV or more.
- the neutron dose equivalent of 10 eV to 400 keV which is a problem is corrected using the G (L) function from the information of 1 MeV to 2 MeV.
- the neutron doses H and h (E) can be generally expressed as Equation 2 as a neutron ambient dose equivalent conversion constant [pSvcm2] according to the ICRP 74 recommendation.
- 0.025 eV to 15 MeV represents the neutron energy incident on the mixed gas detector.
- Equation 3 The first and third terms of Equation 3 can be detected with high accuracy by the mixed gas detector 10, and for the second term, the incident neutron energy ranges from 100 keV to 400 keV among 10 eV to 400 keV. In this case, detection with high accuracy is possible, but only low accuracy can be detected in the range of the crest level of 10 eV to 100 keV, so the detection accuracy is low as it is. Therefore, correction is performed using other information.
- Equation 2 the conversion of Equation 2 is performed.
- the wave height value from the organic mixed gas is L
- the wave height distribution by neutron is P (L)
- the neutron response of the detector is R (E, L)
- the G (E) function corresponding to the wave height value is G (L).
- Equation 6 Substituting Equation 4 above into Equation 2 yields Equation 6 below.
- Equation 8 the energy ranges of the first term, the second term, and the third term of Equation 3 in question can be expressed as Equations 8 to 10 below. First, looking at the first term, the following equation 8 is obtained.
- Equation 9 This region of 10 eV to 400 keV can be corrected using the wave height L of 1 MeV to 2 MeV according to the explanation of the linearity described above. Next, looking at the third term, the following equation 10 is obtained.
- Equation 11 The output energy from the elastic scattering of hydrogen in methane has information on the incident neutron energy and can be calculated. Substituting Equation 8, Equation 9, and Equation 10 into Equation 3 yields Equation 11 below.
- Equation 12 it is possible to obtain a neutron dose with improved characteristics of 10 eV to 400 keV, which has been a problem, by using a signal output using an organic mixed gas.
- a characteristic diagram of G (L) and G ′ (L) with respect to the output wave height L taking such circumstances into consideration is shown in FIG. G (L) represents before correction, and G ′ (L) represents after correction.
- Such characteristics are divided into n at the wave height level, and replaced with G 1 (L), G 2 (L), G 3 (L),..., G n (L) before correction.
- G ′ 1 (L), G ′ 2 (L), G ′ 3 (L),..., G ′ n (L) are registered in the G (L) function storage unit 252. From the thermal energy neutrons to the high energy neutrons exceeding 10 MeV, the final output value can match the energy characteristics well with the 1 cm dose equivalent conversion factor.
- the data correction unit 25 and the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 function as follows.
- the CPU 251 of the data correction unit 25 discards the detection pulse data when the detection pulse data with a wave height of 400 keV or less is input, and corrects for each wave height level when the detection pulse data with a wave height of 400 keV to 15 MeV is input.
- the G ′ (L) function data is read from the G (L) function storage unit 252 and the G ′ (L) function data is output to the dose equivalent calculation unit 26.
- the CPU 261 of the dose equivalent calculation unit 26 multiplies the G ′ (L) function data corrected for each wave height level and the count data to generate multiplication data having a wave height of 400 keV to 15 MeV, and the multiplication data of these wave heights 400 keV to 15 MeV.
- the data obtained by adding all of the above is output as ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) data. Correction is performed in this way. According to such a neutron dosimeter of the present invention, the ambient dose equivalent (1 cm dose equivalent) can be directly read with high accuracy.
- Equation 12 a configuration using G (L) based on the above equation 7 may be adopted for the entire region of 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV from the mixed gas detector 10 without correction, but the detection accuracy decreases. In view of this, it is preferable to perform the correction as shown in Equation 12 above.
- the neutron dosimeter of the present invention has been described above.
- the mixed gas detector in which the mixed gas is enclosed is detected so as to have information with respect to neutron energy of a wide range of wave height levels as described above, so that correction can be made based on the information.
- the detection accuracy is ensured.
- the detection medium other than the detector main body 11 is only gas and does not require a thermal neutron absorber, it is significantly lighter than a conventional neutron dosimeter and is portable so that it is very easy to carry. Ideal for dosimeters. Needless to say, although it is lighter, it is not limited to a portable type and may be used as a stationary neutron dosimeter. Such a neutron dosimeter can be said to be a new type of neutron dosimeter that did not exist before.
- the neutron dosimeter according to the present invention as described above, weight reduction is realized. Recently, the number of facilities that generate neutrons has increased rapidly, mainly in accelerator facilities, and in recent years, the occurrence of soft errors due to cosmic ray neutrons in semiconductor devices has become a major problem mainly in the semiconductor industry.
- the neutron dosimeter according to the present invention can be expected to have a great effect.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の中性子線量計は、前記混合ガス検出器に封入される混合ガスは、その内圧を0.1気圧(0.01MPa)以上25気圧(2.5MPa)以下とすることがより好ましい。
また、本発明の中性子線量計は、入射する中性子の中性子エネルギー0.025eV~15MeVの全領域のうち中性子エネルギー10eV~400keVについて補正するため、前記データ補正部は、波高レベル400keV以下の検出パルスデータが入力されたときにこれら検出パルスデータを破棄し、波高レベル400keV~15MeVの検出パルスデータが入力されたときに波高レベル別に補正されたG’(L)関数データを出力し、前記線量当量演算部は、波高レベル別に補正されたG’(L)関数データとカウントデータとを乗算して波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを生成し、これら波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを全て合算したデータを周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)データとして出力する。
混合ガス検出器10は、詳しくは図2で示すように、検出器本体11、封入空間12を備える。
本形態の中性子線量計1は、特に混合ガス検出器10が、(1)入射中性子のエネルギーの判別を行い、また、中性子のエネルギーの判別精度が高くない一部範囲に対処するため処理回路部20が、(2)G(L)関数による中性子線量計の補正を行って全範囲で入射中性子のエネルギーの判別を行うと同時に、(3)G(L)関数による中性子線量計補正の精度の向上を行って検出精度を高めた点で改良されている。
続いて各部について説明する。まず、混合ガス検出器10について図2を参照しつつ説明する。なお、本形態の混合ガス検出器10は、空洞円柱型であるものとして説明しているが、例えば球型の混合ガス検出器10とし、球形の封入空間を有するような構成を採用しても良い。
約100keVを下回る低エネルギー中性子は、主に窒素ガス分子との衝突でN(n,p)核反応により陽子pという荷電粒子を生成する。
まとめると、窒素ガスは、低エネルギー中性子(約100keV以下)との反応により中性子を検出する。つまり、低エネルギー中性子の検出は窒素ガスの量に依存する。
続いてこのような混合ガス検出器10による中性子の入射に対する出力の関係について図を参照しつつ説明する。まず、混合ガス検出器に約100keVを下回る低エネルギー中性子が入射されたときについて図を参照しつつ検討する。図4は混合ガス検出器に入射する100keV以下の中性子エネルギーに対する中性子数を示す特性図、図5は100keV以下の中性子エネルギーに対するカウント数を示す特性図である。
ここで有機化合物ガスがメタン、エタン、または、プロパンの何れか二以上を組み合わせて封入した場合には、さらにこれらの混合比も調整される。例えば、水素原子が少ないメタン(CH4)よりも水素原子が多いエタン(C2H6)やプロパン(C3H8)を封入した方がH(n,n)p弾性散乱が起こり易いと予想され、反跳陽子pによる荷電粒子が増えて、検出感度を増加させる調整ができると推定される。メタン、エタン、または、プロパンの混合比も調整に利用できる。このような範囲を満たすようにすれば、従来技術よりも良好な検出感度である中性子エネルギー-レスポンス特性を得ることができる。
続いて処理回路部20について説明する。
高圧電源21は、混合ガス検出器10の一対の電極に対して1000V~4000Vの高電圧を供給する。混合ガス検出器10の電極から取り出された電流出力による検出パルス信号が出力される。この検出パルス信号は、プリアンプ22へ入力される。
波形成形アンプ23は、検出パルス信号をA/D変換部24でA/D変換できる波高の波形となるように増幅した検出パルス信号を出力する。これらプリアンプ22および波形成形アンプ23は本発明のアンプを構成するものである。
CPU251は、入力された検出パルスデータに対してその検出パルスデータの波高レベル別に所定の範囲レベル(下側の波高レベルから上側の波高レベルまで)に弁別する手段として機能する。検出パルスデータも波高レベルLが0.1MeV~20MeVにわたるため、波高レベルLが0.1MeV~20MeVにわたって複数レベルに分割される。例えば、第1波高レベル、第2波高レベル、・・・、第n波高レベルというn段の波高レベルに弁別する。一例であるが、第1~第6波高レベルとし、中性子エネルギー(MeV)の範囲レベルが0.1~0.5、0.5~1.0、1.0~2.0、2.0~5.0、5.0~10.0、10.0 ~20.0という範囲の波高レベルで弁別する。なお、この例は説明の簡易化のため、6レベルというように大まかに分けているが、実際は例えば100レベル程度に分類したものである。
このようなG(L)関数による補正がない場合は、カウント値によるレスポンスは、図12で示すように、中性子検出器10の本来の感度曲線である中性子エネルギー-レスポンス特性に追従するものとなる。しかしながら、先に説明したようにG(L)関数データの重み付けを施すことにより、検出感度として、中性子エネルギーを横軸に、また、周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を縦軸としたときの特性の傾向を中性子フルエンス-周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)換算係数曲線(中性子エネルギー-ICRP74 H*(10)レスポンス曲線)に近似させており、検出感度を高めている。
表示部30の表示器32は、表示用ドライバ31からの制御に応じて周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を直読可能に表示する。以上説明した構成は、可搬型のケース内に収納される。このような中性子線量計1は周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を精度よく直読できるように表示器32に表示するようにした。
混合ガス検出器は、図12の有機混合ガスの混合比別の特性を示す特性図で示すように、混合ガス検出器へ入射する中性子エネルギーが0.025eV~10eV、400keV~15MeVの約5桁のエネルギー範囲が精度良く測定可能となっているが、10eV~400keVでは感度が十分ではなく検出精度が低い。そこで、G(L)関数による補正を行って、精度が不十分な10eV~400keVのエネルギー領域の中性子線量を補正するものである。
中性子線量をH、h(E)はICRP74勧告による中性子周辺線量当量換算定数[pSvcm2]として、一般的に式2と表すことができる。ここに0.025eV~15MeVは混合ガス検出器へ入射する中性子エネルギーを表している。
式3の第1項と第3項は混合ガス検出器10により高い精度で検出可能であり、また、第2項については入射する中性子エネルギーが10eV~400keVのうち100keV~400keVの波高レベルの範囲では精度の高い検出が可能であるが、10eV~100keVの波高レベルの範囲では低い精度しか検出できないため、このままでは検出精度が低いものとなる。そこで、他の情報を用いて補正するものである。
したがって、式12により、有機混合ガスを利用した信号の出力を用いて、問題となっていた10eV~400keVの特性を改善した中性子線量を得ることが可能となる。そして、このような事情を考慮に入れた出力波高Lに対するG(L)およびG’(L)の特性図が、図16に表される。G(L)は修正前、G’(L)は修正後を表している。このような特性を波高レベルでn分割して、上記した修正前のG1(L)、G2(L)、G3(L)、・・・、Gn(L)に代えて、新たに修正後のG’1(L)、G’2(L)、G’3(L)、・・・、G’n(L)をG(L)関数記憶部252に登録しておけば、最終的な出力値は、熱エネルギー中性子から10MeVを越える高エネルギー中性子まで、そのエネルギー特性を1cm線量当量換算係数と良く一致させることができる。
前記線量当量演算部26のCPU261は、波高レベル別に補正されたG’(L)関数データとカウントデータとを乗算して波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを生成し、これら波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを全て合算したデータを周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)データとして出力する。このようにして補正を行う。このような本発明の中性子線量計によれば、周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を精度よく直読できるものとなる。
以上のような本発明によれば、検出のための減速材を用いないようにして大幅な軽量化を行うと共に、減速材がないことに起因して目標検出感度に対する実際の検出感度が乖離しても信号処理にて補償することで検出性能を維持し、使用者の使い勝手を向上させた中性子線量計を提供することができる。
Claims (4)
- 窒素ガスと、有機化合物ガスと、からなり、窒素ガスの混合比αと有機化合物ガスの混合比βとの混合比の総和が1.0であるときに窒素ガスの混合比αが0.05≦α≦0.25で有機化合物ガスの混合比βが1.0-αとなる混合ガスを封入し、中性子の検出に応じてそのエネルギーに応じた波高の検出パルス信号を出力する混合ガス検出器と、
混合ガス検出器から出力される検出パルス信号を所定の波高レベルまで増幅するアンプと、
アンプから出力される検出パルス信号を検出パルスデータに変換するA/D変換部と、
波高レベルL別にG(L)関数データが登録されており、A/D変換部から出力された検出パルスデータをその波高レベルLに対応するG(L)関数データに変換するデータ補正部と、
データ補正部から出力されたG(L)関数データの数をそれぞれ波高レベル別にカウントして波高レベル別にカウントデータを生成し、波高レベル別のG(L)関数データとカウントデータとを乗算して波高レベル別の乗算データを生成し、これら波高レベル別の乗算データを全て合算して周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)データを出力する線量当量演算部と、
周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)データを用いて周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を表示する表示部と、
を備え、
中性子エネルギーを横軸に、また、周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)を縦軸としたときの特性の傾向を中性子フルエンス-周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)換算係数曲線(中性子エネルギー-ICRP74 H*(10)レスポンス曲線)に近似させるようなG(L)関数データとすることを特徴とする中性子線量計。 - 請求項1に記載の中性子線量計において、
有機化合物ガスをメタンガスとし、
窒素ガスの混合比をα=0.20と、また、メタンガスの混合比をβ=0.80とすることを特徴とする中性子線量計。 - 請求項2記載の中性子線量計において、
前記混合ガス検出器に封入される混合ガスは、その内圧を0.1気圧(0.01MPa)以上25気圧(2.5MPa)以下とすることを特徴とする中性子線量計。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 04.08.2009]
請求項1に記載の中性子線量計において、
入射する中性子の中性子エネルギー0.025eV~15MeVの全領域のうち中性子エネルギー10eV~400keVについて補正するため、
前記データ補正部は、
波高レベル400keV以下の検出パルスデータが入力されたときにこれら検出パルスデータを破棄し、
波高レベル400keV~15MeVの検出パルスデータが入力されたときに波高レベル別に補正されたG’(L)関数データを出力し、
前記線量当量演算部は、波高レベル別に補正されたG’(L)関数データとカウントデータとを乗算して波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを生成し、
これら波高400keV~15MeVの乗算データを全て合算したデータを周辺線量当量(1cm線量当量)データとして出力することを特徴とする中性子線量計。
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KR102059103B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-12-24 | 한국과학기술원 | 인공 신경망을 이용한 섬광체 기반 실시간 선량 측정 장치 및 방법 |
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CN113877079A (zh) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-04 | 中硼(厦门)医疗器械有限公司 | 中子捕获治疗设备及其监测系统的运行步骤 |
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JP2005257524A (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Inst States Of Projects | 中性子測定システム |
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US11693128B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2023-07-04 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Messtechnik Gmbh | Gamma ray and neutron dosimeter |
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JP2010008083A (ja) | 2010-01-14 |
CN101796430A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
KR20110034576A (ko) | 2011-04-05 |
US20110101234A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
JP4583480B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
EP2290405A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
CN101796430B (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
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