WO2009154308A1 - 電極 - Google Patents
電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009154308A1 WO2009154308A1 PCT/JP2009/061665 JP2009061665W WO2009154308A1 WO 2009154308 A1 WO2009154308 A1 WO 2009154308A1 JP 2009061665 W JP2009061665 W JP 2009061665W WO 2009154308 A1 WO2009154308 A1 WO 2009154308A1
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- electrode
- linear core
- tip
- nerve
- sheath tube
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/294—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for nerve conduction study [NCS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4029—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system for evaluating the peripheral nervous systems
- A61B5/4041—Evaluating nerves condition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0217—Electrolyte containing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/12—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/125—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode suitable for use in measuring nerve activity or stimulating nerve cells in the brain of animals such as humans.
- Measurement of single nerve activity in freely moving animals is important for elucidating brain function. However, the measurement is not easy and inefficient.
- Microelectrodes conventionally used for measuring nerve action potentials are metal wires that are coated with insulating paint on the outer periphery of a metal wire having a thickness of about 20 to 80 ⁇ . The end of was exposed. Microelectrodes are usually used as multichannel electrodes in bundles. When the conventional microelectrodes are multichanneled and measured in a neuronal population, the percentage of microelectrodes that can record neural activity is small (for example, only 1 to 3 of the 8 microelectrodes can record neural activity) . The amplitude of the recorded action potential waveform was small, about several times the amplitude of the background noise (100 to 200 microvolts).
- Patent documents 1 and non-patent document 1 are presented as patent documents related to the present invention.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 6— 2 1 2 1 3 3
- Non-Patent Document 1 Umeda et.al, Electrochimica Acta, 48 (2003) 1367-1374 Disclosure of Invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a microelectrode capable of recording an action potential of a nerve cell as a waveform having a large amplitude with respect to background noise.
- the performance difference between the microelectrodes is small, and it is possible to record the nerve action potential in most, preferably all the microelectrodes.
- a microelectrode capable of forming an electrode aimed to Conventionally, it has been common to manufacture a microelectrode having a tip portion where a conductive core material is exposed by cutting a wire composed of a conductive core material and an insulating film covering the conductive core material with scissors or the like. It was.
- the microelectrode manufactured by such a conventional method has a problem that the shape of the tip portion is not constant for each microelectrode and the detection sensitivity varies.
- An object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art.
- the coating layer is formed by extending an end portion on one end side of the linear core material in the longitudinal direction of the linear core material so as to extend further to the distal end side than the distal end.
- An electrode comprising:
- the extending direction end of the extending part is located on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the linear core member, and outside the extending direction end of the extending part.
- the shortest length in the extending direction of the inner surface of the extending portion is 0.1 to 10 times the thickness of the linear core material. (1) to (4) Any one of the electrodes.
- the nerve cells located outside the cavity are communicated with the tip of the linear core material in the cavity via a force electrolyte solution.
- a nerve activity measuring apparatus comprising at least one electrode according to any one of (1) to (7) as an element for measuring nerve activity.
- a nerve cell stimulating device comprising at least one electrode according to any one of (1) to (7) as an element for stimulating nerve cells.
- the microelectrode of the present invention can record the action potential of a nerve cell as a waveform with a large amplitude.
- the action potential is recorded only with some of the microelectrodes, and the action potential is not recorded with the remaining microelectrodes.
- the proportion of microelectrodes that can record action potentials increases.
- the nerve cell action potential could be recorded in all the electrodes.
- the measurement efficiency is remarkably increased.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section along the major axis direction in the vicinity of the tip of the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the procedure for producing the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tip portion of a multi-channel electrode fine movement device provided with a plurality of (eight) microelectrodes that was created and used in the examples.
- FIG. 4 shows the multi-channel electrode micro-movement device that was created and used in the example, and that has multiple (8) microelectrodes and that includes position adjustment means for freely adjusting the protruding length of the microelectrodes. It is a perspective view.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of nerve action potential for each electrode when eight electrodes of the present invention are combined.
- Figure 6 shows the results of measuring the nerve action potential for each electrode when eight conventional nerve activity measurement electrodes are combined.
- FIG. 7 shows a perspective view (a) and a cross section (b) along the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the tip of the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a state when nerve activity is measured or nerve cells are stimulated using the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a nerve activity measuring device including the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a nerve cell stimulating device provided with the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a nerve activity measuring neuron stimulating apparatus comprising the electrode of the present invention.
- Fig. 12 shows the result of measuring the electrode characteristics of the electrode of the present invention by impedance measurement.
- Figure 12A shows the real part of the impedance obtained as a complex number for each frequency.
- Figure 12B shows the imaginary part.
- Figure 12C shows the phase angle between the real part and the imaginary part on the complex plane for each frequency.
- Figure 12D is a Nyquist diagram that plots the points where the real part and imaginary part obtained for each frequency are both 200 k ⁇ or less. (Explanation of data series in the figure.
- Electrode of the present invention (electrolysis time 3 minutes), 15 min .; Electrode of the present invention (electrolysis time 15 minutes) ), 20 min .; electrode of the present invention (electrolysis time 20 minutes), 30 min .; electrode of the present invention (electrolysis time 30 minutes), 50 min .; electrode of the present invention (electrolysis time 50 minutes))
- Figure 1 shows a cross section near the tip of electrode 1 along the long axis direction.
- the electrode 1 of the present invention comprises a conductive linear core material 2, an insulating coating layer 3a covering the entire outer periphery of the linear core material 2, and an extended portion 3b at the tip.
- the extending portion 3 b extends the entire end portion of the coating layer 3 a on the one end side of the linear core material 2 in the longitudinal direction of the linear core material to the front end side from the front end.
- This is a cylindrical body that is formed inward and forms a cavity 6 that is open in the extending direction.
- the covering layer 3a and the extending portion 3b are formed integrally, both are formed of the same material and have the same inner diameter and outer diameter.
- the inner diameter of the extending portion 3 b is the same as the outer diameter of the linear core material 2. It is preferable that the outer diameter of the extending portion 3 b is configured to be reduced toward the extending direction at the end portion in the extending direction to form the tapered surface 4.
- the outer diameter of the distal end portion of the linear core member 2 is also configured to be reduced in the distal direction to form the tapered surface 5.
- the outer diameter of the linear core member is not reduced at the tip portion, and the tip surface is configured to be flat.
- FIG. 1 relates to an embodiment in which the extension direction end of the extension part is configured to be located on a single plane perpendicular to the axis of the linear core material. Not.
- the extending direction end of the extending portion is formed in a sharp shape.
- FIG. 7 an example of the structure of the electrode tip portion of the present embodiment will be described.
- Figure 7 (a) is a perspective view of the vicinity of the tip of the electrode 701
- FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the tip.
- the extending portion 70 3 b has a cylindrical shape with one end cut by a plane inclined with respect to the axis of the linear core member 70 2.
- the shortest length in the extending direction of the inner surface of the extended portions 3 b, 70 3 b is the thickness of the linear core material 2, 70 2 On the other hand, it is preferably 0.1 to 10 times, and more preferably 0.5 to 8 times. If the shortest length in the extending direction is different, the volume in the cavity at the tip is different. For this reason, depending on the ratio, the impedance resulting from the electrolyte solution filling the cavity varies in use. When the shortest length in the extending direction of the inner surface of the extending portion is within the above specific range with respect to the thickness of the linear core material, the measurement sensitivity increases due to the impedance change at the electrode of the present invention.
- the material constituting the linear core material 2, 70 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material, but typically, Nichrome, tungsten, stainless steel, platinum iridium, etc. can be exemplified.
- Examples of the thickness of the linear core material include 5 to 80 m.
- the length of the linear core material 2, 70 2 can be appropriately changed according to the measurement site, etc., as long as the tip of the electrode can reach the site where nerve activity is measured or nerve cells are stimulated. Typically, it is about several 10 cm, for example, 10 to 20 cm.
- “Linear” refers to an elongated shape whose length is sufficiently large with respect to the thickness (for example, 10 times or more, typically 50 times or more).
- the linear core material may have any cross-sectional shape, but typically, a linear core material having a circular shape that is a perfect circle or an ellipse, or a polygonal cross-section such as a quadrangle is used.
- the thickness of the linear core refers to the dimension of the maximum width in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the linear core.
- the most distal side (side where the extension part is formed) of the linear core material part where the entire circumference of the cross section is covered with the insulating coating layer The thickness value at the position in the row direction can be used.
- the above ratio regarding the shortest length in the extending direction of the inner surface of the extending portions 3 b and 70 3 b and the thickness of the linear core material is as follows.
- the thickness of the linear core material 2, 70 2 covered by What is necessary is just to calculate on the basis of a value.
- the material constituting the covering layer 3 a, 7 0 3 a and the extending portion 3 b, 7 0 3 b is not particularly limited as long as it is an insulating material, but it is inserted into a nerve tissue such as an epoxy resin or the like. It is preferable to use a resin capable of forming a film having a strength that does not break or deform during grinding.
- the thicknesses of the covering layers 3 a and 70 3 a and the extending portions 3 b and 70 3 b are preferably 3 to 20 m.
- any form of electrode is included in the scope of the present invention.
- the conductive portion only needs to have at least the above-mentioned linear shape portion on the tip side.
- the conductive portion is large in addition to the linear shape portion on the tip side.
- a diameter portion may be further included.
- a plurality of electrodes 1, 7 0 1 of the present invention can be combined to form a multi-channel.
- the electrodes 1 and 70 1 of the present invention are sometimes referred to as “microelectrodes”, and a combination of a plurality of microelectrodes is also referred to as “multi-channel electrodes”.
- the form and method of arranging the microelectrodes are not particularly limited and can be selected according to the purpose.
- the plurality of microelectrodes may be arranged such that a gap is formed between the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes, or the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes may be arranged in close contact with each other.
- the arrangement form may be combined.
- a gap is formed between the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes
- a plurality of microelectrodes are parallel to each other, spaced apart from each other without contacting the side surfaces, and the tips are directed in the same direction.
- An example of this is an example of standing up on a flat surface and arranging it like a sword mountain (see, for example, US Pat. No. 5 2 1 5 0 8 8).
- Embodiments in which the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes are placed in close contact with each other include a form in which a plurality of microelectrodes are bundled in parallel and a form in which a plurality of microelectrodes are twisted together.
- the microelectrodes are further provided. They may be bonded together.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows an example of a combination of an embodiment in which a gap is formed between the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes and an embodiment in which the side surfaces of adjacent microelectrodes are in close contact with each other. Such a form is mentioned. In the embodiment of FIG.
- a gap is formed between the side surfaces of the microelectrodes at the tip portion, and the microelectrodes are in close contact with each other at the other portions.
- the arrangement of the tips of a plurality of multi-channel microelectrodes can also be determined according to the purpose. For example, at least one tip of the plurality of microelectrodes may be arranged at a different position in the axial direction of the assembly of microelectrodes compared to the tips of other microelectrodes (for example, FIG. )) The tips of a plurality of microelectrodes may be arranged at the same position in the axial direction of the assembly of microelectrodes (for example, FIG. 3 (b)).
- the tips may be arranged so that a gap is generated between the side surfaces of the tips of the adjacent microelectrodes (for example, FIG. 3 (a)), or the side surfaces of the tips of the adjacent microelectrodes are in close contact with each other.
- Each tip may be disposed on the surface.
- the thickness of the linear core constituting the microelectrode can be determined according to the arrangement of the tip of the microelectrode inserted into the sample when the number of channels is increased. For example, when there is a gap between the tips of the microelectrodes at the time of sample insertion as in Example 1, the thickness of the linear core material of the microelectrodes may be 15 to 80. preferable. On the other hand, as in Example 2, when the tip of the microelectrode at the time of sample insertion is twisted or bonded, the thickness of the linear core material of the microelectrode is 5 to 30 ⁇ m. ⁇ is preferred.
- a plurality of multi-channel microelectrodes can be used such that, for example, as in the first and second embodiments, an electrical signal can be input and output independently from each other.
- the microelectrode according to the present invention can record the action potential of a nerve cell as a waveform with a large amplitude. This effect is presumed to be caused by a cavity formed at the tip of the microelectrode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a state when the microelectrode 1 of the present invention is used for measurement of nerve activity or stimulation of nerve cells.
- the nerve tissue 8 1 including nerve cells located outside the cavity 6 1 and the tip of the linear core 2 inside the cavity 6 are formed so as to communicate with each other via the electrolyte solution 80. ing.
- the electrolyte solution 80 can be an extracellular fluid in neural tissue or a prepared artificial cerebrospinal fluid.
- the electrolyte solution 80 enters the cavity 6 from the end in the extending direction of the insulating extension (corresponding to the opening of the cavity 6), and the cavity 6
- the electrolyte solution 80 in the cavity 6 that has been filled with the electrolyte solution 80 is in contact with the electrolyte solution 80 around the microelectrode only at the opening of the cavity 6.
- nervous activity The change in the ion density generated in the Balta electrolyte solution 80 due to the movement causes a change in the ion density of the electrolyte solution 80 in the cavity 6 through the end in the extending direction.
- the change in the ion density of the electrolyte solution 80 in the cavity 6 is not affected by the surroundings of the electrode and does not affect the surroundings. It is possible to detect on the electrode surface without affecting the surface.
- the structure of the tip of the microelectrode according to the present invention can be seen to be similar to that of a conventional electrochemical measurement electrode (for example, Umeda et. Al, Electrochimica Acta, 48 (2003) 1367-1374 Fig. 1 reference).
- the tip of this conventional electrode is used for measurement by filling the cavity of the tip with a conductive material such as carbon paste or a catalyst.
- the cavity inside the extension part of the microelectrode according to the present invention is not provided with other elements such as a catalyst and a conductive substance, and functions as a space for accommodating the electrolyte solution during use. Since various measurements with conventional electrochemical measurement electrodes capture the reaction that occurs at the interface between the filled conductive material and the electrolyte, the measurement state with the microelectrode according to the present invention is technical. It can be said that the electrodes have different characteristics.
- the measurement state of the conventional electrochemical measurement electrode is considered to be similar to the measurement state of a conventionally used microelectrode having a tip portion where the conductive core material is exposed.
- the electrode of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrode for measuring nerve activity or stimulating nerve cells.
- the electrode of the present invention is not only useful as an electrode for nerve activity measurement, but can also be used as a stimulation electrode for nerve cell stimulation.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of an embodiment of a nerve activity measuring apparatus provided with at least one microelectrode of the present invention as an element for measuring nerve activity.
- the nerve activity measuring device 900 includes at least one microelectrode 9101 according to the present invention and at least an amplifier 902.
- the microelectrode 9 0 1 inserted into the nerve tissue 9 5 0 derives an electric signal (ie, nerve action potential) resulting from the nerve activity to the amplifier 9 0 2.
- the amplifier 9 0 2 can be composed of a preamplifier 9 0 3 and a main amplifier 9 0 4.
- the output signal from the amplifier 9 0 2 is input to the arithmetic processing unit 9 0 5.
- Arithmetic processor 9 0 5 is input Based on the received signal, analysis such as waveform analysis is performed, and the analysis result is output to the display device 96. Further, if necessary, the arithmetic processing unit 9 05 can output the analysis result to the storage device 9 0 7 for storage. Further, an input device 9 0 8 such as a keyboard can be provided as necessary. In the embodiment in which a plurality of microelectrodes 9 0 1 are combined and used as a multi-channel electrode, the arithmetic processing device 9 5 5 can independently analyze the signals derived from each micro electrode and amplified by the amplifier. it can.
- FIG. 10 shows the configuration of an embodiment of a nerve cell stimulating apparatus provided with at least one microelectrode of the present invention as an element for stimulating nerve cells.
- the nerve cell stimulating apparatus 100 includes at least one microelectrode 10 100 according to the present invention and an electrical stimulation signal applying apparatus 10 0 10.
- the electrical stimulation signal applied by the electrical stimulation signal applying apparatus 10 0 1 0 is propagated to the nerve tissue 1 0 5 0 through the microelectrode 1 0 0 1.
- the arithmetic processing device 1 0 0 5 outputs a control signal for controlling the output of the electrical stimulation signal to the electrical stimulation signal applying device 1 0 0 2 based on the information input by the input device 1 0 0 8.
- the arithmetic processing unit 1 0 0 5 can have a display device 1 0 0 6 and a storage device 1 0 0 7 as necessary.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a nerve activity measuring / neuron stimulating device 1 100 having the above nerve activity measuring device and nerve cell stimulating device integrated.
- Each component in FIG. 11 has the same function as the component having the same name described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the initial coating layer 3 (which eventually becomes the coating layer 3 a and the extension 3 b) is formed on the outer periphery of the linear core material 2.
- an insulating material such as epoxy resin is applied to the surface of the linear core material 2 such as nichrome wire, dried at room temperature, heated in an oven, and this process is repeated as necessary, so that the linear core
- An initial covering layer 3 ′ is formed on the outer periphery of the material 2.
- the linear core material 2 having the initial coating layer 3 ′ is cut with scissors or the like to form end portions.
- the primary electrode 101 (Fig. 2 (a)) obtained in this way is conventionally used as an electrode for measuring nerve activity.
- the edge produced by cutting is not smooth and has a non-uniform structure that varies from electrode to electrode. '
- the tip of the primary electrode 1 0 1 is mechanically polished with an electric file etc. As a result, a secondary electrode 10 2 having a taper-like structure reduced in the tip direction is obtained (FIG. 2 (b)).
- the linear core material 2 of the secondary electrode 10 2 is eluted from the tip portion by electrolysis, the tip is retracted to the inside of the initial coating layer 3 ′, and as a result, the outer diameter of the linear core material 2 is increased.
- a cylindrical extension 3 b having the same inner diameter and having a cavity 6 formed inside is formed.
- the method of electrolysis is to immerse both the tip of the secondary electrode 10 2 and the silver wire as the counter electrode in saline solution, and the positive side of the constant current device is connected to the secondary electrode 10 2 and the negative side. This can be done by connecting each to a silver wire and conducting electricity.
- the energization conditions can be appropriately determined according to the thickness of the core material and the constituent materials. For example, when a -chrome wire having a diameter of 40 m is used as the core material, the energization condition of 5 to 60 microamperes for 1 to 60 minutes is preferable.
- the sharply shaped electrode 71 of the present invention can also be produced by the same procedure as in FIG. However, in the process of mechanical polishing using an electric file, etc., it is shown in FIG. 2 that polishing is performed so that a flat surface inclined with respect to the axis of the linear core material is formed at the tip. It is different from the method.
- Example 1
- a 40-inch diameter nichrome wire was cut to 15 centimeters and suspended vertically with a weight at the bottom.
- a brush with epoxy was applied to it, and the required length was moved downward before releasing the brush.
- the same operation was performed again with the direction changed by 180 degrees. After drying at room temperature for about 5 minutes, it was put in an open space and heated at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes, and further at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes. This operation (application to warming) was repeated 10 times.
- the resulting epoxy coating had a thickness of 12 m.
- One end was cut with scissors to create a primary electrode. Note that the cross section of the nichrome wire used in this example is almost a circle.
- the diamond powder fixed to the tip of the small motor shaft was rotated at high speed, and the tip of the primary electrode obtained in 1.1 above was brought into contact.
- a secondary electrode with a tapered tip was obtained by gradually shifting the three-dimensional positional relationship between the small motor and the electrode.
- the positive side of the constant current device is the secondary electrode, and the negative side is the silver wire. Connected and energized. The energization was performed at 5 microamperes for 12 minutes. At the tip of the electrode of the present invention thus obtained, a cavity (cavity) having a depth of 110 micrometers was formed.
- the electrode of the present invention obtained in 1 above and the primary electrode at the end of 1.1 described above, the action potential of nerve cells was measured.
- the electrode and the primary electrode of the present invention are sometimes collectively referred to as a microelectrode. '
- Multi-channel electrode micro-movement device including 8 microelectrodes 1 1 used in this experiment
- the multichannel electrode fine movement device 10 includes at least a plurality (eight in this embodiment) of microelectrodes 11, an inner sheath tube 12, and an outer sheath tube 13.
- the inner sheath tube 12 is a hollow tubular member having a tip opening 14 at one end.
- Outer sheath tube 1 is a hollow tubular member having a tip opening 15 at one end.
- the inner diameter of 3 is the same as the outer diameter of the inner sheath tube 1 2 ⁇ which is slightly larger than that.
- the outer sheath tube 13 is shorter than the inner sheath tube 12.
- Inner sheath tube 1 2 has its tip opening 1 4 side portion (hereinafter simply referred to as “the tip portion of the inner sheath tube”) force. Inside the outer sheath tube 1 3, the tip opening 14 and the tip opening 15 are the same. It is inserted so that it can be reciprocated in the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction.
- the inner sheath tube 1 2 has an inner sheath tube 1 2 on the side wall of the end portion of the inner sheath tube 1 2 that is different from the end opening 1 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as “the rear end portion of the inner sheath tube”).
- Side wall openings 16 are formed to connect the interior space of the interior and the exterior.
- the plurality of microelectrodes 1 1 is the same as the process 1 above.
- the applied tip protrudes from the tip opening 14 (hereinafter referred to as the “protruded portion 1 1 ′”), and the other end (hereinafter referred to as “the rear end portion 1 1 ′ ′” of the microelectrode) is the side wall.
- the plurality of microelectrodes 1 1 are oriented in different directions within an angle range of less than 90 ° with respect to the opening direction of each protruding portion 1 1 ′ force tip opening 1 4. 2 is bent near the tip opening 1 4.
- the microelectrode 11 is fixed to the inner sheath tube 12 by injecting an adhesive 17 through the side wall opening 16.
- the adhesive is also injected into the inner sheath tube 1 2 inserted with the microelectrode 1 1 from the tip opening 14, and the microelectrode 1 1 Is fixed to the inner sheath tube 12 even in the vicinity of the tip opening 14.
- Opening of outer sheath tube 1 3 1 5 side end is located on the distal side in the inner sheath tube longitudinal direction from inner sheath tube 1 2nd opening 1 4 side end (inner sheath tube tip) If the distance L from the distal end of the inner sheath tube to the distal end of the outer sheath tube is smaller than the length of the wire-like electrode protruding portion 1 1 ′, a part from the tip of the electrode protruding portion 11 is Exposed outside.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows the case where the outer sheath tube tip and the inner sheath tube tip are located at the same position in the longitudinal direction of the inner sheath tube.
- a multi-channel electrode including a position adjusting means for freely adjusting the protruding length of the microelectrode 11 by freely adjusting the position of the inner sheath tube 12 relative to the outer sheath tube 13
- a first support plate 21 is fixed to the rear end portion of the inner sheath tube 12 and a second support plate 2 2 is fixed to the outer sheath tube 13 and fixed vertically.
- the first support plate 21 and the second support plate 22 each have two bolt shaft through holes, the first support plate 21 and the second support plate 22 Are formed at positions facing each other.
- the two ports 23 and 23 are arranged in parallel through the port shaft through hole so that the head portion is on the second support plate 22 side and the shaft portion is on the first support plate 21 side.
- the heads of the bolts 23 and 23 are fixed to the second support plate 22 by tightening the bolt head fixing nuts 24 and 24 to the second support plate 22 side.
- Panel support nuts 25 and 25 for supporting one end of urging panels 26 and 26, which will be described later, are further screwed onto the shaft ends of the bolts 23 and 23 from the port head fixing nuts 24 and 24. ing.
- Biasing springs 26 and 26 are disposed between the bolt shaft end surface of the spring support nuts 25 and 25 and the bolt head side surface of the first support plate 21. The biasing panels 26 and 26 bias the first support plate 21 toward the bolt shaft end.
- Fig. 4 (a) is a view of the loosened positioning nuts 2 7 and 2 7. At this time, the protruding portions 1 1 'of the microelectrodes are all stored in the outer sheath tube 13.
- the internal structure of the tip in Fig. 4 (a) corresponds to Fig. 3 (b).
- Fig. 4 (b) is a diagram of the state in which the positioning nuts 27, 27 are tightened. At this time, the protruding portion 1 1 'of the microelectrode is exposed to the outside through the tip opening 15 of the outer sheath tube 1 3. Yes.
- the internal structure of the tip in Fig. 4 (b) corresponds to Fig. 3 (a). In this way, by appropriately adjusting the tightening positions of the positioning nuts 27 and 27, it is possible to freely adjust the protruding amount of the protruding portion 1 1 ′ of the microelectrode from the outer sheath tube 13.
- the electrode rear end portion 1 1 ′′ is electrically connected to a device for measuring the potential change. '
- a stainless steel pipe having an inner diameter of 0.6 mm and an outer diameter of 0.3 mm is used as the inner sheath pipe 12, and a stainless steel inner diameter of 0.9 mm and an outer diameter of 0 mm is used as the outer sheath pipe 13.
- a 6mm tube was used.
- the microelectrode 11 the electrode of the present invention obtained in the above 1 or eight primary electrodes were used.
- the length of the protruding portion 1 1 'of the microelectrode was 7 mm.
- the protruding portion of the microelectrode 1 1 ' If the length (movement distance) sent from the distal end opening 15 of the outer sheath tube 1 3 is up to about 3 mm, the bundle of the projecting portions 1 1 and 1 does not spread radially. If you move it further, it will gradually spread.
- the tip of the outer sheath tube 13 was inserted into the rat brain while the microelectrode 11 was completely retracted inside the outer sheath tube 13 (ie, the state shown in FIG. 4 (a)).
- rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg / kg) and fixed on a stereotaxic device, and a 2 mm hole was drilled in the skull 2 mm behind Bregma and 0.5 mm right from the midline.
- the tip of the outer sheath tube 13 was inserted to a depth of 5.5 mm, and fixed with acrylic resin in the inserted state.
- the distal end of the outer sheath tube 13 was positioned 2 mm above the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
- a recording preamplifier was connected to the rear end portion 11 ′′ of the microelectrode through a connector.
- FIG. 5 An example of the measurement result with the electrode of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5, and an example of the measurement result with the primary electrode (conventional electrode) is shown in FIG. Figures 5 and 6 both extract action potentials with amplitudes above a certain level and overlay them for each electrode (# 1 to # 8).
- an activity with a maximum amplitude of 1.5 mV could be recorded in 6 to 7 of the 8 electrodes.
- about lmV of activity was recorded simultaneously in # 3 and # 7.
- # 3 and # 7 we could record more than 100-200 microphone mouth bolt activities.
- 1 mV class of activity was recorded on electrodes other than # 3 and # 7.
- nerve activity was recorded at each electrode without interruption, although the amplitude varied.
- a sharp microelectrode 70 1 was prepared using a 6.5 ⁇ tungsten wire and an extracellular action potential was recorded from a brain slice specimen.
- a sample obtained by thinning a 400 m thin slice with a special slicer from a brain that was quickly removed after anesthetizing an animal was used.
- this sample perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid recording was performed by gently pressing the electrode against the slice surface while observing neurons near the surface under a microscope.
- An epoxy resin film was formed on the outer periphery of a 6.5 ⁇ tungsten wire in the same manner as described in 1.1 of Example 1.
- the thickness of the epoxy film thus obtained was 3 ⁇ .
- the tungsten wire used in this example has a substantially circular cross section. Three or seven of these were bundled together and the center was tied with a thin thread. In order to integrate them, apply a brush containing re-epoxy to fill the gap between the bundles, and cure by heating at 100 ° C for 30 minutes and at 180 ° C for 30 minutes. I let you. However, care was taken so that this epoxy does not reach the part used as the electrode tip so that it is not unnecessarily thick.
- the end of the electrode was tilted and brought into contact with the rotating grindstone, a flat surface inclined with respect to the wire axis was formed at the end, and the end was processed into a sharp shape.
- the angle of inclination was set to 30 °, the same angle at which the electrode approached the brain slice.
- electrolytic polishing was performed by energizing for 5 minutes at a current of 1 A. In this way, an electrode in which a number of sharp microelectrodes 70 1 as shown in FIG. 7 were bundled was obtained.
- the electrode characteristics of the electrode 1 of the present invention obtained by the same procedure as the method 1 in Example 1 are as follows. Confirmed by impedance measurement. However, instead of conducting energization for 12 minutes at 5 microamperes in 1.3 above, in this experiment, 5 microamperes were used.
- the impedance measurement was performed using a sine wave signal with a constant voltage of 10 mV while the frequency of the electrode was changed from 10 Hz to 100 kHz by immersing the electrode of the present invention in physiological saline (H ioki LCR meter 3522-50).
- physiological saline H ioki LCR meter 3522-50
- the primary electrode at the end of 1.1 and the secondary electrode at the end of 1.2 were used.
- the nerve cell action potential has a duration of around 1 ms e c.
- Table 1 shows a comparison of impedance values at 1 kHz. The measurement results are shown in Fig. 12.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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US13/000,221 US8608664B2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | Electrode |
CN200980132458.XA CN102124323B (zh) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | 电极 |
CA2728252A CA2728252C (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | Electrode |
JP2010518063A JP4984102B2 (ja) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | 電極 |
EP09766756.2A EP2320221B1 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | Electrode |
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JP2008161995 | 2008-06-20 | ||
JP2008-161995 | 2008-06-20 |
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PCT/JP2009/061665 WO2009154308A1 (ja) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-06-19 | 電極 |
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US (1) | US8608664B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2320221B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4984102B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101623607B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN105662390A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2728252C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009154308A1 (ja) |
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JP2013181796A (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-12 | Dkk Toa Corp | 微小電極の製造方法、微小電極及び隔膜型センサ |
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JP2019536982A (ja) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-12-19 | ザ フランシス クリック インスティチュート リミティッド | 電気化学ワイヤ電極アレイ及び対応する製造方法 |
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- 2009-06-19 WO PCT/JP2009/061665 patent/WO2009154308A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-06-19 CA CA2728252A patent/CA2728252C/en active Active
- 2009-06-19 JP JP2010518063A patent/JP4984102B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-19 CN CN201510716561.6A patent/CN105662390A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-19 US US13/000,221 patent/US8608664B2/en active Active
- 2009-06-19 KR KR1020117001345A patent/KR101623607B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-19 CN CN200980132458.XA patent/CN102124323B/zh active Active
- 2009-06-19 EP EP09766756.2A patent/EP2320221B1/en active Active
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EP2420187A1 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-02-22 | Yun Bai | Individually adjustable multi-channel systems in vivo recording |
JP2013181796A (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-12 | Dkk Toa Corp | 微小電極の製造方法、微小電極及び隔膜型センサ |
JP2019536982A (ja) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-12-19 | ザ フランシス クリック インスティチュート リミティッド | 電気化学ワイヤ電極アレイ及び対応する製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4984102B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
CN102124323A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
EP2320221A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
EP2320221A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
EP2320221B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
US20110190656A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
KR101623607B1 (ko) | 2016-05-23 |
CA2728252A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
CA2728252C (en) | 2016-10-18 |
US8608664B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
CN102124323B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
JPWO2009154308A1 (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
CN105662390A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
KR20110036811A (ko) | 2011-04-11 |
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