WO2009151318A1 - Dispositif et procédé de production d'ozone, de radicaux et/ou de rayons uv - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de production d'ozone, de radicaux et/ou de rayons uv Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009151318A1
WO2009151318A1 PCT/NL2009/050317 NL2009050317W WO2009151318A1 WO 2009151318 A1 WO2009151318 A1 WO 2009151318A1 NL 2009050317 W NL2009050317 W NL 2009050317W WO 2009151318 A1 WO2009151318 A1 WO 2009151318A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
voltage
radicals
ozone
present
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2009/050317
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mateo Jozef Jaques Mayer
Gerrit Oudakker
Original Assignee
Pure Green Technologies B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL1035556A external-priority patent/NL1035556C2/nl
Priority claimed from NL1035555A external-priority patent/NL1035555C2/nl
Priority claimed from NL1036414A external-priority patent/NL1036414C2/nl
Priority claimed from NL1036984A external-priority patent/NL1036984C2/nl
Application filed by Pure Green Technologies B.V. filed Critical Pure Green Technologies B.V.
Publication of WO2009151318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009151318A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2242/00—Auxiliary systems
    • H05H2242/20—Power circuits
    • H05H2242/22—DC, AC or pulsed generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing ozone and/or radicals and/or UV radiation.
  • a device for producing ozone and/or radicals and/or UV radiation can be applied particularly for the purpose of purifying fluid, such as water, and for starting and sustaining a chemical reaction.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for producing ozone, radicals and/or UV radiation which can be used in more efficient manner.
  • the device comprises:
  • - transforming means for transforming the alternating voltage generated by the generating means, wherein the transforming means are provided with a transformer and/or a tuned circuit; and - pumping means for causing a fluid to flow through the reactor.
  • the device according to the present invention it is possible to have chemical reactions take place in the gas phase and/or in droplets which are dispersed in the gas phase and/or on the surface of particles which have been dispersed in the gas phase and/or on the surface of electrodes situated in the radical reactor. It is also possible to first form radicals in a gas phase and then feed the gas containing radicals to a reactor, also referred to as radical reactor, in which a liquid and/or solid and/or gaseous reactant is situated, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
  • a great advantage of the technology according to the present invention is that the radical formation is controlled electrically and no radical -forming chemicals need be dosed.
  • a second additional advantage of the technology according to the present invention is that, if desired, radical formation can take place wholly in the gas phase and that the electrodes applied in the concept according to the present invention are simple, inexpensive and very effective.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a method or means for generating preferably an AC high voltage, the frequency and amplitude of which are preferably adjustable.
  • the device comprises a method or means for generating a strongly varying electric field in a radical reactor.
  • the device further comprises a method or means for introducing a fluid into the radical reactor so that this fluid is exposed to the varying electric field.
  • the properties of the varying electric field are such or can be adjusted such that in the reactor radicals are produced which include ozone, chlorine radicals, bromine radicals, fluorine radicals, iodine radicals, hydrogen radicals, OH radicals, oxygen radicals, sulphate radicals, phosphate radicals but which are not limited hereto. It is optionally also possible to mix the reaction product leaving the radical reactor with one or more reactants if these reactants have not been fed to the reactor. Reactants or parts thereof can be fed to the reactor if desired.
  • the alternating voltage comprises a square wave voltage, sawtooth voltage and/or a pulse.
  • optimization of the production of ozone, radicals and/or UV radiation can be realized by having the choice of the form of alternating voltage which is employed and used in the reactor depend partly on the composition of the fluid.
  • a possibly employed pulse is for instance formed by an approximated delta function.
  • an alternating voltage is generated having an adjustable frequency in the range of 1 Hz to 100 GHz, more preferably in the range of 100 Hz to 1 GHz, still more preferably in the range of 500 Hz to 1 MHz and most preferably in the ranges of 1 kHz to 30 kHz and/or 30 kHz to 100 kHz.
  • a 555 timer IC can be used to generate the square wave voltage.
  • the thus obtained signal can subsequently be amplified with a power transistor, for instance a 2N3055 NPN transistor or a FET, and then transformed up by making use of a transformer.
  • a power transistor for instance a 2N3055 NPN transistor or a FET
  • Particularly suitable for use as transformer in the present invention are audio transformers such as used in end stages of tube amplifiers, ignition coils applied in cars, mopeds or motorcycles and high- voltage transformers as applied in microwaves.
  • the voltage at which for instance ozone is finally produced is higher than 100 V, preferably higher than 1 kV, more preferably higher than 2 kV, and most preferably higher than 5 kV.
  • the generated high voltage is preferably connected to electrodes in a reactor preferably comprising at least one inlet for supplying a fluid and an outlet.
  • the supply can consist of a gas or gas mixture of for instance hydrochloric acid and/or hydrogen bromide and/or hydrogen fluoride and/or hydrogen iodide and/or ammonia and/or hydrogen and/or nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or sulphur dioxide and/or sulphur trioxide and/or nitrogen monoxide and/or nitrogen dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or air and/or other components able to form radicals, but not limited thereto.
  • the gas (mixture) can be dispersed liquid consisting of droplets with dimensions in the range of 1 nm to 1 dm or liquid droplets with air- or vapour bubbles dispersed therein and having a diameter of 1 nm to 1 mm.
  • the supply to the radical reactor can also consist of a mixture of liquid and gas or of a vapour which is both radical -forming and reactant .
  • a radical - forming vapour and simultaneously a reactant are hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas.
  • Another class of reactants which can simultaneously also form radicals and can even partially decompose if applied in a radical reactor according to the present invention are organic molecules. Mentioned as non-limitative examples of such organic molecules are glycerol, esters of glycerol, natural oils and fats such as sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm oil, extracts of algae, saccharides, polysaccharides, proteins, phospholipids and DNA.
  • the radical reactor can comprise a catalyst in the form of carrier material such as granules with a very large specific surface, but that this catalyst can also be added to the radical reactor in the form of a sol together with the reactant .
  • catalysts are gold particles, palladium particles, silver particles, platinum particles, titanium particles, nickel particles, chromium particles, copper particles or particles with a coating or composite or oxide of these materials.
  • Other catalysts are zeolite and active carbon. The amplitude and frequency of the high voltage are adjusted such that radicals are formed in the reactor.
  • finely- distributed liquid droplets can be made in a gas (mixture) or vapour by means of electrospray techniques or ultrasonic vibration and that finely distributed vapour or air bubbles can be made in the liquid by exposing the liquid in the radical reactor to ultrasonic vibrations.
  • the liquid droplets in the air or the gas, or the vapour or gas bubbles in the liquid preferably have a large specific surface i.e. a diameter smaller than 1 dm, more preferably a diameter smaller than 1 mm, still more preferably a diameter smaller than 100 micron and most preferably a diameter smaller than 10 micron.
  • the fluid for treating can be supplied directly to the radical reactor.
  • the radical -containing fluid leaving the radical reactor can if desired also be brought into contact with the fluid for treating in a retention time reactor, referred to hereinbelow as further reactor.
  • the reaction product leaving the radical reactor or the further reactor can if desired be wholly or partially recirculated to the radical reactor and/or the further reactor.
  • the reactor comprises a tubular reactor provided with at least two concentric electricity conducting pipes, wherein the fluid flows in the space between the two pipes and wherein the at least two pipes are connected operatively during use to the generating means.
  • the high voltage is connected to the concentric tubes which thereby serve as electrode. In this manner a very large electric field can be applied and the fluid is treated in efficient manner. It is apparent to the skilled person that in this manner the retention time distribution can be limited and the electric field to which the fluid is exposed is uniform and constant.
  • the reactor comprises at least one 2- core cable and/or two parallel insulated electricity wires, wherein the cable and/or wires are connected operatively to the generating means during use.
  • the output of the high -voltage generator is connected to two parallel, separately insulated electricity wires.
  • the wires consist for instance of commercially available 2 -core cable normally applied for connecting household equipment to the mains electricity, or audio cable for connecting the output of an amplifier to a loudspeaker. It is noted that the composition of the insulating material around the cable determines to a significant extent the efficiency with which ozone can be produced.
  • Materials suitable for use as insulating material for the 2 -core wire in combination with the present invention are composites, mixtures of copolymers of the following polymers: PVC, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylates, teflon, polyurethane, polypropylene, polybutadiene, rubber. It will be apparent to the skilled person that said polymers can also be applied as homopolymers .
  • two parallel, non- insulated conductors are applied, such as metals, alloys, graphite, carbon, active carbon.
  • a liquid film runs under the influence of gravitational force from top to bottom along these non- insulated conductors, for instance two pieces of bare installation wire placed vertically and parallel.
  • This liquid film can consist of organic reactants, of liquid which is supersaturated with ions or dissolved substances or of a water film for disinfecting.
  • the frequency of the pulsed voltage, square wave voltage or the sinusoidal voltage is set to a value such that a hissing sound is audible at the two parallel wires. It has been found that at this setting the production of radicals is greatest in many, though not all cases. It will be apparent to the skilled person that this observation is important in enabling the radical reactor to be set in rapid and inexpensive manner and adjusted automatically during operation such that the energy consumption per quantity of produced radicals is minimal.
  • a sensor such as a microphone, which records the hissing sound produced during the production of the radicals, and means consisting of hardware and/or software, which associate the obtained audio signal with the production speed of radicals, expressly form part of the present invention.
  • the field strength of the electric and/or magnetic and/or electromagnetic field produced at that setting wherein the production of ozone is maximal can be applied as measure for the production speed of ozone.
  • the frequency and form of the alternating voltage applied in the radical reactor determine to sufficient extent the energy efficiency of the ozone production process.
  • Means for setting the frequency and the form of the applied alternating voltage and/or continuous adjustment thereof during operation of the radical reactor emphatically form part of the present invention.
  • the cables or wires can be connected parallel and/or in series and the distance between the parallel wires varies from 1 nm to 1 metre, preferably from 10 micron to 1 cm, more preferably from 100 micron to 5 mm and most preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • Air is herein guided through a reactor, in particular a radical reactor, comprising a system of parallel insulated electricity wires.
  • a reactor in particular a radical reactor, comprising a system of parallel insulated electricity wires.
  • Placed in series with the radical reactor is a device in which a remnant of ozone is destroyed. This is for instance a housing with liquid through which the air bubbles .
  • the corrosion of the insulating material by the corona between the electrodes is likewise desirable in a number of processes which are initiated by the production of organic radicals.
  • Gradual decomposition of the insulating material creates organic radicals which can be utilized directly as reactant . It is noted that a liquid film flowing along the electrodes can be used both as radical producing insulating material and as reactant .
  • the reactor also comprises means for supplying a fluid for treating with the produced ozone and/or radicals and/or UV radiation.
  • the fluid for treating can be the same as the fluid supplied for the production of said ozone, radicals and/or UV radiation. Use can be made here of the pumping means of the device.
  • a second pump can be provided as second pumping means for supplying the fluid.
  • this second fluid is carried to a second volume of the reactor, or a second reactor, in which the treatment of the fluid with the produced ozone, radicals and/or UV radiation takes place.
  • the fluid for treating is water, and more particularly drinking water.
  • the device according to the present invention the growing worldwide shortage of drinking water can be solved, wherein drinking water can be produced in advantageous manner at relatively low energy- cost and without the use of chemicals, and waste water can in addition be cleaned.
  • the present invention relates to a water purification technology with the above stated features. Using the technology according to the present invention it is possible to disinfect and/or purify water on a large scale (order of magnitude 1000 - 10,000 m 3 water per hour) as well as on a small scale (order of magnitude 10 litres per hour) . The technology according to the present invention consumes little energy and makes no use of chemicals.
  • the equipment required for treating the water according to the present invention is also low.
  • the equipment according to the present invention is robust, simple and compact, and the energy supply to the equipment can take place via solar cells or with a manpower-driven dynamo.
  • the technology according to the present invention can also be applied to purify and/or disinfect air and to produce synthesis gas from bio-waste.
  • the present invention can be applied for disinfecting liquids and gases, gases containing vapour and/or droplets of liquid and/or solid particles and liquids containing gas bubbles and/or vapour bubbles and/or particles. It will further be apparent to the skilled person that the present invention can be used for disinfecting drinking water, sewage water, air, waste water from hospitals, for salmonella control in water systems, purifying of swimming pool water, removing organic substances from water, production of synthesis gas from waste water, killing algae, killing living organisms, including mussels in cooling water systems, destroying fine dust, eliminating traces of medicines in water, influencing biological systems.
  • an ozone generator which consists of components produced as a mass product and in which simple 2 -core cable is applied as disposable electrode for the production of ozone, is particularly suitable as portable product for the purpose of disinfecting water and air. It will be apparent to the skilled person that, owing to the low electricity- consumption, an ozone generator according to the present invention is highly suitable for use in combination with rechargeable accumulators, batteries, solar cells, wind turbines and turbines.
  • a particular preferred embodiment of an ozone generator according to the present invention is a generator with a 555 timer IC, a power transistor such as a 2N3055 NPN transistor or a FET, an ignition coil as transformer and a 2-core electricity cable as disposable electrode.
  • the technology according to the present invention can also be applied for purifying and/or disinfecting air, for producing synthesis gas from bio-waste, for producing radicals in safe manner for the purpose of performing chemical reactions such as chlorinating organic compounds and polymerization reactions, including emulsion polymerization.
  • droplets, vapour bubbles and/or gas bubbles are dispersed in the fluid added to the reactor by means of an electrospray technique and/or ultrasonic vibrations and/or pumping means.
  • the additional pumping means are for instance a pump and/or open and closed operated valves with which pressure waves are realized in the device.
  • the applied pressure fluctuations create vapour bubbles and/or gas bubbles in the reactor.
  • the process in the reactor is hereby optimized in efficient manner.
  • a gas is first treated in the radical reactor and the thus obtained radical - containing gas is dispersed in a liquid for treating by means of ultrasonic vibrations, in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 100 MHz, which are applied using commercially available transducers.
  • the radical -containing gas can also be dispersed in the liquid for treating by applying hydrocyclones or by generating a vortex in a liquid, wherein the gas is fed to the vortex.
  • a mixture of a fluid for treating and a gas such as air and oxygen, though not limited thereto, is first treated with ultrasonic vibrations or with hydrocyclones and the thus obtained mixture of very small gas bubbles in liquid is fed to the radical reactor.
  • a liquid for treating is distributed in a gas using acoustic vibrations, including ultrasonic vibrations, and the thus obtained mixture is fed to the reactor.
  • the liquid can be distributed in the gas by applying commercially available transducers
  • Transducers are preferably- applied which operate in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz, more preferably in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz and most preferably in the frequency range between 20 kHz and 100 kHz.
  • At least one of the electrodes comprises a wall of the reactor.
  • the wall of the reactor itself as electrode an efficient and effective device is obtained.
  • the electrodes are preferably provided here with an insulating layer in order to further optimize operation.
  • the reactor further comprises a sensor for measuring an amplitude and/or frequency of a signal which is present in the reactor during production.
  • the process in the reactor can be controlled during the production process.
  • the sensor preferably comprises a gas discharge lamp, including a neon tube and/or a fluorescent tube and/or field strength meter and/or acoustic sensor.
  • the sensor is placed in the vicinity of the reactor or, alternatively, in the reactor itself such that a measuring signal can be generated from the sensor which is a measure for the efficiency of the production in the reactor.
  • the gas discharge lamp such as a neon tube, fluorescent tube
  • the amount of light produced by the lamp can serve as measure for the quantity of ozone being produced by the radical reactor.
  • the device according to the present invention preferably further comprises supply means for providing energy to the device .
  • the supply means here preferably comprise batteries, including rechargeable batteries or an accumulator, solar cells, a wind turbine, a turbine, a fuel cell, including a microbial fuel cell, and a reverse electrodialysis process.
  • the present invention can be applied for chlorinating organic molecules.
  • hydrochloric acid gas and/or chlorine gas and the organic molecule for chlorination are fed in accordance with the principle of the present invention to the radical reactor.
  • the organic molecule can be present as vapour or be dispersed as liquid droplets in the gas.
  • Under the influence of the high voltage radicals are formed on the surface of the electrodes in the reactor i.e. hydrogen radicals and/or chlorine radicals and/or organic radicals.
  • the organic molecules are chlorinated as a result.
  • the 2 -core insulated cable is applied as electrode in the radical reactor and the reaction takes place largely on the surface of the 2 -core cable, since most radicals are formed at this location.
  • halogen alkanes be produced from chlorine and alkanes but it is also possible to chlorinate alcohols.
  • a particular application of the technology according to the present invention is the production of epichlorhydrine from glycerol and hydrochloric acid, wherein the first step, i.e. the chlorination of the glycerol with forming of dichlorhydrine, is performed in the radical reactor in accordance with the principle of the present invention.
  • a tube reactor with 2- core electricity cable therein is preferably applied for this purpose, and the glycerol is dispersed in the HCl gas in the form of small droplets. It will however be apparent to the skilled person that many other configurations are also possible.
  • the present invention can be applied to produce from sugars and/or humic acids and/or phospholipids and/or algae and/or bacteria and/or yeast, including baking yeast, environmentally- friendly chemicals, such as crystal growth inhibitors and flocculants.
  • these substances are dissolved wholly or partially in water and subsequently exposed to radicals produced in the radical reactor.
  • oxygen radicals are preferably produced by feeding air to the radical reactor.
  • the reaction with the polysaccharides can take place inside as well as outside the radical reactor. Partial decomposition and/or oxidation of the macromolecules occurs due to the reaction of the saccharides with the produced radicals, resulting in the forming of environmentally- friendly components with a high content of carboxyl groups which possess surfactant properties .
  • the present invention can also be applied for wood preservation. To this end moist wood is placed in a tubular radical reactor and, after a retention time of several minutes to several days, the wood is preserved i.e. free of micro-organisms and able to withstand weather influences.
  • the present invention can also be applied as radical reactor in the production of PVC, in emulsion polymerization processes for the production of water-based paint and in the production of combustible gas from organic waste or waste water, in the production of catalyst by producing radicals, including oxygen radicals, in a highly controlled manner which then etch and/or modify a surface in controlled manner .
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing ozone, radicals and/or UV radiation comprising the steps of: - providing the device as described above, and - treating the fluid.
  • Figure 1 shows a first diagram of a device according to the invention,-
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a further alternative preferred embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further alternative preferred embodiment according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a power supply, preferably a switching powex supply, and the voltage supplied by this power supply is preferably a poorly flattened direct voltage in the range between 1 V and 350 V, more preferably in the range between 5 V and 70 V and most preferably in the range between 10 V and 50 V.
  • the device also comprises a function generator. This function generator preferably produces a distorted sine or a distorted square wave with a frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 10 GHz, more preferably in the range of 30 Hz to 10 MHz and most preferably in the range of 3 kHz to 100 kHz.
  • the device is provided with a single ended amplifier preferably constructed from at least one transistor or vacuum tube and at least one high-voltage transformer, more preferably from a single transistor and a high-voltage transformer, and most preferably this single ended amplifier is constructed from a single FET (Field
  • a high-voltage transformer is also understood to mean at least one primary circuit which is coupled to at least one secondary circuit.
  • the device further comprises an electrical load on the secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer characterized by a 2-core cable or other electrodes that are corona- forming at high voltage in a gas environment .
  • the present invention optionally consists of a sensor and a feedback to the function generator and/or amplifier which ensures that as much electric power as possible is utilized for the purpose of obtaining a corona.
  • a sensor can be an acoustic sensor, such as an ultrasonic sensor, a gas discharge lamp preferably coupled to a light- sensitive resistance or an acoustic sensor, a sensor for detecting ultraviolet light and/or an ammeter which measures how much power is supplied by the power supply.
  • the inventor of the present invention has established that spirally wound coils etched onto a printed circuit board are highly suitable as high-voltage transformer in combination with the present invention. Between the primary and the secondary coil of such a high-voltage transformer the material of the printed circuit board is used as dielectric with very high breakdown voltage. The application of spirally wound coils etched onto printed circuit boards as high-voltage transformer expressly forms part of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a circuit 2 with which it is possible to transfer energy in efficient manner from the primary coil or circuit of a high-voltage transformer to the secondary circuit or coil of a high-voltage transformer and electrodes for the production of ozone.
  • Transformer (Tl) 4 is connected on the primary side, designated AC in figure 1, to the mains electricity, so to an effective alternating voltage of 230 V and a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • Transformer 4 effectively transforms this alternating voltage of 230 V down to an effective value of 160 V.
  • the alternating voltage is subsequently rectified with diodes (Dl) 6 and (D2) 8. This results in an alternating direct voltage across capacitor
  • Capacitor C3 has a value of 16.4 nF and so hardly flattens the alternating voltage.
  • FET (Tl) 12 of the IRF840 type is fed with an alternating direct voltage.
  • Coils (Ll) 14 and (L2) 16 form the high-voltage transformer and can be coupled by placing them close together.
  • Coils Ll and L2 can also be coupled via a transformer with core. Depending on the chosen frequency of the alternating voltage, this can for instance be a ring- core transformer or an EI core transformer or a transformer on a ferrite rod.
  • a capacitor (C2) 18 preferably having a value such that the resonance frequencies of the primary and the secondary circuit of the transformer consisting of Ll and L2 are equal to each another or substantially equal to each another.
  • the high-voltage transformer is an ignition coil as applied in a car. It is noted that one or more capacitors Cl to C3 (10, 18, 20) can also be omitted if desired.
  • power supply transformer TRl The alternating voltage supplied by the mains or by a generator such as a dynamo can also be rectified without TRl and subsequently fed to the circuit in figure 1.
  • the secondary spool of the high-voltage transformer is connected to one or more electrodes which form a corona in a gas environment under the influence of high voltage.
  • a particular embodiment of such electrodes is at least one 2 -core cable as also applied in so-called twin cord for the purpose of connecting appliances to the mains electricity or loudspeakers to an amplifier. It will be apparent to the skilled person that with circuit (2) in figure 1 wireless energy can be transferred using very simple means.
  • a sine generator FG 22 as according to the diagram in figure 2 is connected to an amplifier according to the diagram in figure 3.
  • the components in the diagram of figure 2 have the following values: Capacitors (Cl) 26, (C2) 28, (C3) 30 1.0 nF, capacitors (C4) 32, (C5) 34 ⁇ F, transistor (Tl) 36, (T2) 38 BC574B, resistors (Rl) 40 4.6k, (R2) 42 potentiometer of 22k, (R3) 44 1.5M, (R4) 46 IK in series with a potentiometer of 22k, (R5) 48 1.2k. It will be apparent to the skilled person that this is one of the many configurations in which the sine generator 49 in figure 2 operates .
  • Point A in figure 3 is connected to the plus of power supply (Vl) and point B to the minus of power supply (Vl) 50.
  • Transistor (Tl) 52 in figure 3 is a FET of the IRF840 type.
  • the value of capacitors (Cl) 54, (C2) 56, (C3) 58 in figure 3 is 2.2 nF.
  • the high-voltage transformer in figure 3, represented by coils (Ll) 60 and (L2) 62 is in this example an ignition coil of a car.
  • Wire (D) 64 is an electricity wire (so-called twin cord) with a length of 75 cm.
  • the power supply for the circuit in figures 2 and 3 consists of a direct voltage transformer with an output voltage Vl of 16 V and a power of 11.6 VA.
  • the voltage is switched on and via the potentiometers the frequency of the alternating voltage is set to about 6 kHz. A hissing sound occurs and after about 20 seconds there is the smell of ozone in the vicinity of the setup. After the space is blacked out a blue-purple glow is clearly discernible between the two cables of the twin cord, this demonstrating that a corona is being formed between the electrodes.
  • the present invention operates better if the supply voltage Vl is modulated and/or the sine signal generated by the function generator is modulated and/or the square-wave signal generated by the function generator is modulated.
  • modulation which form part of the present invention are amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation.
  • the device consists of a function generator which generates a sine and/or a square wave and/or a sawtooth and/or a pulse with a very accurately adjustable frequency, and a power supply which provides a preferably flattened direct voltage and which is connected by means of transistors to the primary coil (s) of a high-voltage transformer in a manner such that a current flows through the high-voltage transformer in the rhythm of the signal with which the transistors are controlled by the function generator.
  • the secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer has a number of windings relative to the primary coil(s) such that the impedance of the transformer on the secondary side is adapted to the impedance of an electrode which forms a corona, so that ozone and/or radicals are produced.
  • the invention further comprises an electrode which is connected to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • This electrode can consist of a classic prior art electrode or a 2 -core cable wherein a corona is created between the insulating material of the cable.
  • a 2 -core cable is particularly suitable for application in combination with the present invention since it is inexpensive, can be mass- produced in very reproducible manner and has the same dielectric properties along the entire length.
  • the present invention consists of a housing on which contacts are arranged on the outside. These contacts make it possible to couple a plurality of housings to each other via a snap system and in this way provide all housings with current, since the ozone generator in each housing is connected m parallel to the other housings by- means of the snap system.
  • the device further has a central power supply which supplies a safe low voltage, preferably 24 V, with which all housings are connected via the contacts of the snap system.
  • a switching power supply which supplies a direct voltage or an alternating voltage in the range of 1 V to 100 V.
  • Use is preferably made of a direct voltage of 24 V which is supplied by a preferably centrally arranged switching power supply. This power supply is connected to the contacts of ozone generator
  • Ozone generator 1 also comprises a second set of contacts which are likewise electrically interconnected with the direct voltage of 24 V.
  • An ozone generator 2 can subsequently be coupled to ozone generator 1 via a snap system, with the result that the contacts of ozone generator 1 are in electrical connection with those of ozone generator
  • ozone generator 2 is in this manner electrically interconnected to ozone generator 1, and so also to the power supply of 24 V.
  • a system is in this way obtained which makes the coupling of ozone generators for the purpose of increasing capacity very simple. Since the voltage which is transmitted from ozone generator to ozone generator is a low voltage (in this case 24 V) , the system is inherently safe and use can be made, if desired, of a simple snap system with exposed contacts.
  • Present in each ozone generator is an electrical circuit which converts the direct voltage to a voltage adapted to the electrical properties of the ozone -producing electrode.
  • the electrical circuit preferably consists of a microprocessor which supplies a pulsed direct voltage on at least one, but preferably two channels and in counter-phase. If channel 1 is switched on, channel 2 is switched off and vice versa. The channels are switched on and off using the clock frequency of the microprocessor as time base. In this manner a very stable frequency of the function generator is obtained which hardly varies.
  • the signal supplied by the microprocessor is then used to switch one of more transistors, which subsequently cause a current to flow through the primary coil of the high-voltage transformer with the frequency at which the microprocessor is programmed. A voltage is hereby created in the secondary coil of the transformer and a current runs through the electrode connected to the secondary end of the high-voltage transformer.
  • one of the above embodiments is applied, wherein in each housing provided with electric energy by the central power supply the current supplied to the ozone generator in the relevant housing is measured.
  • This measurement takes place via an AD converter connected to the microprocessor serving as function generator for the purpose of switching the ozone generator in the relevant housing.
  • the AD converter is preferably integrated into the microprocessor. If the current through the electronic circuit in the relevant housing becomes too great, the microprocessor can optionally be switched off and only switched on again if the power supply is interrupted. It will be apparent to the skilled person that in this way a software fuse has been realized wherein use is made of the microprocessor already present in each housing for the purpose of controlling the ozone generator.
  • the senor for measuring the current supplied to the electronic circuit in each housing can consist of a resistor in series with the electronic circuit for the ozone generator in each housing.
  • Use can however also be made of a light sensor, a sensor for magnetic fields, a sensor for electric fields, a sensor for electromagnetic fields, a sensor for ultrasonic vibrations or an acoustic sensor.
  • the signal supplied by one or more of these sensors can be used to automatically optimize the operation of each ozone generator via a feedback. This can take place by means of software in the microprocessor which automatically sets the function generator to the optimal frequency if it varies due to for instance wear of the electrodes .
  • the central power supply applied in embodiments 1 and 2 consists of a switching power supply constructed in a manner similar to the design of each individual power supply for the ozone generator in each housing.
  • a power supply therefore preferably consists of a microprocessor which is programmed as function generator, switching transistors and a transformer.
  • the alternating voltage of the mains electricity is preferably rectified.
  • This direct voltage is subsequently connected to at least one switching transistor, preferably a FET comparable to the IRF840 type.
  • the switching transistor (s) are controlled by the microprocessor which is used as function generator and are connected to at least one primary coil of an isolating transformer. A current will as a result begin to flow through the primary coil in the rhythm of the signal generated by the microprocessor.
  • one of the embodiments 1 to 3 is combined with usual filter techniques in order to prevent the generated alternating voltage disrupting other equipment through displacement via the mains electricity or because the circuit according to the present invention acts as a transmitter.
  • filter techniques in order to prevent the generated alternating voltage disrupting other equipment through displacement via the mains electricity or because the circuit according to the present invention acts as a transmitter.
  • Capacitor (C3) 70 with a capacitance of 1000 ⁇ F/lOOV is a flattening capacitor which receives the alternating load from accumulator Vl.
  • Transistors (T3) 72 and (T4) 74 are of the BC547B type, are fed by a function generator via points A and B and serve to amplify the signal supplied by the function generator.
  • Transistors T3 and T4 are of the
  • the function generator is connected to points A and B.
  • the function generator supplies a signal alternatingly to point A and point B.
  • Point A is first provided by the function generator with a voltage which is equal to 5 V. This voltage is subsequently held at 5 V for a time tl .
  • the function generator then makes the voltage on point A equal to 0 V.
  • the function generator switches the voltage on point B to 5 V. This voltage is likewise held at 5 V for tl seconds while the voltage on point A still amounts to 0 V.
  • the voltage on point B has been held at 5 V for tl seconds, it is again brought to 0 V and the voltage on point A is again brought to 5 V. This cycle is repeated endlessly.
  • the desired signal on points A and B can be realized in efficient manner with great accuracy and stability using a microprocessor.
  • This microprocessor is powered via accumulator Vl. To this end the voltage of 24 V supplied by Vl is reduced by using a voltage regulator of the LM317 type. This voltage regulator is set in accordance with the diagram in the accompanying datasheet to a constant voltage of 5 V. This output voltage of the LM317 is fed to the microprocessor.
  • the clock speed of the microprocessor is further set by making use of an external 20 MHz crystal, this as indicated in the datasheet of the PIC16F84A.
  • the microprocessor is programmed to alternately make output RBl and RB2 "high" (bring it to 5 V) .
  • Output RBl is connected to point A in figure 4 and output RB2 to point B.
  • the PIC16F84A microprocessor is programmed at a frequency of 6 kHz.
  • Transformer TRl is a self- wound high-voltage transformer with centre tip on the primary side which transforms up the voltage of the primary coil to 15 kV.
  • Connected to the secondary coil is a piece of 2 -core loudspeaker cable of 60 cm, designated Ll in figure 1.
  • the circuit was switched on and it was found that the ozone generator made a hissing sound, that a purple corona glow was created between the two conductors of the 2 -core cable and that within a few seconds there was a smell of ozone.
  • the circuit was further found to be very efficient. FETs Tl and T2 did not become warm at a taken-up power of 20 Watts.
  • connection for ingenious coupling of ozone generators with a snap system as described in this application is only an example.
  • the system as described in this application, as well as the electronic control, is generally applicable for ozone generator systems.
  • Such ozone generator systems expressly form part of the present invention.
  • a computer power supply is highly suitable for use in combination with the present invention. Switching power supplies with one or more outputs supplying low voltage are mass produced for the PC market .
  • Such power supplies are also equipped as standard with a fan as device for cooling purposes.
  • a very efficient system is created by connecting the output of the fan of such a computer power supply to the input of an ozone reactor or a radical reactor according to the present invention.
  • the fan in the computer power supply serves not only for the purpose of cooling the power supply but also as pumping means for introducing air into the ozone reactor or the radical reactor. Since the air is applied as cooling medium it will heat up, whereby the relative humidity of this air falls. This is advantageous as the ozone reactor and the radical reactor operate better at a higher temperature and a lower relative humidity. It will be apparent to the skilled person that another air-cooled power supply can be applied in this manner instead of a computer power supply.
  • a computer power supply is however a mass product that can be applied at low cost as component in the technology according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments. The rights sought are defined by the following claims, within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.
  • a pulsed direct voltage is applied to the electrodes according to the present invention instead of an alternating voltage. In a number of cases this results in both corona formation and electrolysis, resulting in a higher energy efficiency of the ozone production process and/or the radical production process and/or the disinfection process.
  • gas with ozone and/or radicals as produced with the present invention, is guided through soil or substrate in greenhouses in order to get rid of parasites therein and/or to treat plants against parasites by spraying plants with droplets comprising ozone and/or radicals. It is also possible for conduits to be cleaned periodically by using a 2 -core cable running through the conduits as corona -forming electrode.
  • the technology according to the present invention is applied for the production of radicals and/or as radical reactor for chemical conversions and/or for disinfecting water in combination with electrolysis and/or UV treatment and/or light treatment and/or treatment with modulated or unmodulated radio waves and/or alternating voltage.
  • the result is that through synergy chemical conversions and/or disinfection can be realized with a smaller amount of energy than if each of the techniques were to be applied separately.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de production d'ozone, de radicaux et/ou de rayons UV, le dispositif comprenant : - un réacteur; - un moyen de génération pourvu d'au moins deux électrodes permettant de générer une tension alternative dans le réacteur; - un moyen de transformation permettant de transformer la tension alternative générée par le moyen de génération, le moyen de transformation étant muni d'un transformateur et/ou d'un circuit accordé; - un moyen de pompage permettant d'amener un liquide à circuler dans le réacteur.
PCT/NL2009/050317 2008-06-09 2009-06-09 Dispositif et procédé de production d'ozone, de radicaux et/ou de rayons uv WO2009151318A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1035555 2008-06-09
NL1035556 2008-06-09
NL1035556A NL1035556C2 (nl) 2008-06-09 2008-06-09 Werkwijze en inrichting voor de productie van ozon ter behandeling van een fluïdum.
NL1035555A NL1035555C2 (nl) 2008-06-09 2008-06-09 Werkwijze en inrichting voor de productie van radikalen in chemische processen.
NL1036414 2009-01-13
NL1036414A NL1036414C2 (nl) 2009-01-13 2009-01-13 Werkwijze en inrichting voor de produktie van ozon en/of rakdikalen en/of uv straling.
NL1036984A NL1036984C2 (nl) 2009-05-22 2009-05-22 Werkwijze en inrichting voor de produktie van ozon en / of radikalen en / of uv straling.
NL1036984 2009-05-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009151318A1 true WO2009151318A1 (fr) 2009-12-17

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PCT/NL2009/050317 WO2009151318A1 (fr) 2008-06-09 2009-06-09 Dispositif et procédé de production d'ozone, de radicaux et/ou de rayons uv

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009151318A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0287205A1 (fr) * 1987-02-25 1988-10-19 Farrow Services Limited Dispositif pour le traitement de l'eau

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0287205A1 (fr) * 1987-02-25 1988-10-19 Farrow Services Limited Dispositif pour le traitement de l'eau

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