WO2009146314A1 - Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation - Google Patents

Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009146314A1
WO2009146314A1 PCT/US2009/045257 US2009045257W WO2009146314A1 WO 2009146314 A1 WO2009146314 A1 WO 2009146314A1 US 2009045257 W US2009045257 W US 2009045257W WO 2009146314 A1 WO2009146314 A1 WO 2009146314A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
containing compound
catalyst
palladium
platinum
pentanedionato
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/045257
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Emmett M. Cunningham
Original Assignee
Nevoa Solutions
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nevoa Solutions filed Critical Nevoa Solutions
Publication of WO2009146314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009146314A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
    • B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
    • B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/08—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/20—Complexes comprising metals of Group II (IIA or IIB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/22—Magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/39—Actinides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/70—Complexes comprising metals of Group VII (VIIB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/74—Rhenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/824—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/828—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
    • B01J2531/842—Iron

Definitions

  • the oxidation of hydrocarbons represents one of the primary sources of energy, particularly in the field of transportation. Often, the oxidation of hydrocarbons results in undesirable byproducts and effects, such as the production of harmful emissions (including greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide). In addition, the oxidation of hydrocarbons to produce energy is, in many cases, inefficient. That is, a significant portion of the energy theoretically available in a hydrocarbon fuel is not realized, whether due to incomplete oxidation of the fuel, waste of such energy in the form of, for example, heat.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation.
  • the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium; a platinum-containing compound; and a palladium-containing compound.
  • the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium including aromatic hydrocarbon 150; bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum; bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; ferrocene; magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium including aromatic hydrocarbon 150; bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum; bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; ferrocene; magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
  • Catalysts include a liquid medium and one or more compounds containing an element from one or more of groups 1 (e.g., lithium), 2 (e.g., magnesium), 5 (e.g., cerium), 7 (e.g., rhenium), 8 (e.g., iron), and 10 (e.g., palladium, platinum) of the periodic table of the elements.
  • groups 1 e.g., lithium
  • 2 e.g., magnesium
  • 5 e.g., cerium
  • 7 e.g., rhenium
  • 8 e.g., iron
  • 10 e.g., palladium, platinum
  • the liquid medium of catalysts of the invention may be aqueous, nonaqueous, or mixtures of either or both.
  • the liquid medium may be water, a water/glycol mixture, an oil, an ester.
  • Aqueous media preferably have a pH between about 2 and about 4.
  • Non-aqueous liquid media suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention include, for example, hydrocarbons (e.g., kerosene, octane, etc.), aromatic solvents (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbon 150 or aromatic hydrocarbon 200), and petroleum ether.
  • hydrocarbons e.g., kerosene, octane, etc.
  • aromatic solvents e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbon 150 or aromatic hydrocarbon 200
  • petroleum ether e.g., kerosene, octane, etc.
  • suitable liquid media will be recognized by one skilled in the art, the above examples being provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation.
  • catalysts according to embodiments of the invention include one or more compounds containing an element from one or more of groups 1 , 2, 5, 7, 8, and 10 of the periodic table.
  • preferred elements and their respective ranges of concentration include palladium (about 100 to about 2000 ppm), platinum (about 100 to about 2000 ppm), cerium and/or rhenium (about 100 to about 10,000 ppm), iron (about 1000 to about 25,000 ppm), and magnesium (about 500 to about 10,000 ppm).
  • palladium which is very stable at temperatures between about 300 0 C and about 600 0 C, is beneficial as a catalyst during the ignition phase of hydrocarbon oxidation.
  • Palladium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium and acetylacetone palladium (II).
  • Platinum which is more stable at higher temperatures (e.g., between about 600 0 C and about 1200 0 C), is beneficial during late-stage combustion.
  • Platinum- containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum and acetylacetone platinum (II).
  • Cerium and/or rhenium may function as catalyst boosters, enhancing the efficiencies of both palladium and platinum.
  • Cerium- and rhenium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, such as cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and rhenium in an organo-metallic compound Iron, which is stable across a broad temperature range, is effective at reducing particulate matter production during combustion as well as reducing the overall combustion temperature (as do palladium and platinum), thereby reducing nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide production.
  • Iron-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, ferrocene and iron naphthenate.
  • Magnesium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, such as magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • Lithium may be used to stabilize the liquid medium in embodiments wherein the liquid medium contains water or a water/glycol mixture.
  • One exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4- pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; and 2000 mg cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4- pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; and 2000 mg rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
  • Example 3
  • Still another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; 1000 mg cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate; and 1000 mg rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
  • one or more of the element-containing compounds may be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier prior to its combination with other components of the catalyst.
  • a liquid carrier such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid
  • the weight of any such pre-dissolved or pre-dispersed compound in the examples above includes the liquid carrier component. Nevertheless, the concentration ranges for the element contained in such a pre-dissolved or pre-dispersed compound would comport with those described above.
  • Catalysts according to various embodiments of the invention are capable of air-borne or fuel-borne delivery to an oxidation device (e.g., a combustion engine).
  • an oxidation device e.g., a combustion engine.
  • Systems and methods for delivering catalysts, such as those of the invention, are known. Exemplary systems and methods are described in US Patent Application No. 12/124,066, filed 20 May 2008, which is hereby incorporated herein as though fully set forth.
  • such catalyst may be injected or otherwise delivered directly to an oxidation device or apparatus (e.g., a flame zone of a combustion engine) or indirectly injected or delivered to such a device or apparatus (e.g., through an air intake to a flame zone of a combustion engine).
  • an oxidation device or apparatus e.g., a flame zone of a combustion engine
  • indirectly injected or delivered to such a device or apparatus e.g., through an air intake to a flame zone of a combustion engine
  • catalysts according to embodiments of the invention may be pre-mixed with or added to a hydrocarbon fuel to be oxidized.
  • catalysts may be added to a hydrocarbon fuel before the fuel is stored in a fuel tank.
  • catalysts may be added to the hydrocarbon fuel once the fuel is in the fuel tank or at any point as the fuel is moved from the fuel tank to the flame zone (e.g., by adding a catalyst to a fuel line).
  • Catalysts and methods according to embodiments of the invention provide a number of improvements to the oxidation of hydrocarbons, including, for example, more efficient oxidation, reduced temperatures (particularly in the cylinder and exhaust areas), a reduction in harmful emissions, increased engine horsepower, improved fuel economy, and reduced torsional vibration, resulting in reduced engine wear.
  • Experimental oxidation of diesel fuel using catalysts according to various embodiments of the invention reduced overall fuel consumption by between about 10% and about 20%.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention provide catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation. One embodiment of the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium including aromatic hydrocarbon 150; bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum; bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; ferrocene; magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate, rhenium in an organo-metallic compound, or both.

Description

CATALYSTS FOR HYDROCARBON OXIDATION
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of co-pending US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/056,396, filed 27 May 2008, which is hereby incorporated herein.
BACKGROUND
The oxidation of hydrocarbons represents one of the primary sources of energy, particularly in the field of transportation. Often, the oxidation of hydrocarbons results in undesirable byproducts and effects, such as the production of harmful emissions (including greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide). In addition, the oxidation of hydrocarbons to produce energy is, in many cases, inefficient. That is, a significant portion of the energy theoretically available in a hydrocarbon fuel is not realized, whether due to incomplete oxidation of the fuel, waste of such energy in the form of, for example, heat.
Accordingly, a need exists to overcome limitations of the art, such as those described above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention provide catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium; a platinum-containing compound; and a palladium-containing compound.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium including aromatic hydrocarbon 150; bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum; bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; ferrocene; magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium including aromatic hydrocarbon 150; bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum; bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; ferrocene; magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Catalysts according to embodiments of the invention include a liquid medium and one or more compounds containing an element from one or more of groups 1 (e.g., lithium), 2 (e.g., magnesium), 5 (e.g., cerium), 7 (e.g., rhenium), 8 (e.g., iron), and 10 (e.g., palladium, platinum) of the periodic table of the elements.
The liquid medium of catalysts of the invention may be aqueous, nonaqueous, or mixtures of either or both. For example, in various embodiments, the liquid medium may be water, a water/glycol mixture, an oil, an ester. Aqueous media preferably have a pH between about 2 and about 4.
Non-aqueous liquid media suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention include, for example, hydrocarbons (e.g., kerosene, octane, etc.), aromatic solvents (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbon 150 or aromatic hydrocarbon 200), and petroleum ether. Other suitable liquid media will be recognized by one skilled in the art, the above examples being provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation.
As noted above, catalysts according to embodiments of the invention include one or more compounds containing an element from one or more of groups 1 , 2, 5, 7, 8, and 10 of the periodic table. In some embodiments, preferred elements and their respective ranges of concentration include palladium (about 100 to about 2000 ppm), platinum (about 100 to about 2000 ppm), cerium and/or rhenium (about 100 to about 10,000 ppm), iron (about 1000 to about 25,000 ppm), and magnesium (about 500 to about 10,000 ppm).
Elements from the groups above provide various beneficial characteristics to the catalysts of the various embodiments of the invention. For example, palladium, which is very stable at temperatures between about 3000C and about 6000C, is beneficial as a catalyst during the ignition phase of hydrocarbon oxidation. Palladium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium and acetylacetone palladium (II).
Platinum, which is more stable at higher temperatures (e.g., between about 6000C and about 12000C), is beneficial during late-stage combustion. Platinum- containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum and acetylacetone platinum (II).
Cerium and/or rhenium may function as catalyst boosters, enhancing the efficiencies of both palladium and platinum. Cerium- and rhenium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, such as cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and rhenium in an organo-metallic compound Iron, which is stable across a broad temperature range, is effective at reducing particulate matter production during combustion as well as reducing the overall combustion temperature (as do palladium and platinum), thereby reducing nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide production. Iron-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, ferrocene and iron naphthenate. In addition, iron and magnesium, when used in combination, exhibit complementary spectra lines covering the full frequency spectrum of the combustion electron configuration. These catalytic elements are capable of electron excitation that is not reduced by other catalysts. Magnesium-containing compounds useful in embodiments of the invention include, for example, salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, such as magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate.
Lithium may be used to stabilize the liquid medium in embodiments wherein the liquid medium contains water or a water/glycol mixture.
Provided below are illustrative examples of catalysts according to various embodiments of the invention. These examples are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting.
Example 1
One exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4- pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; and 2000 mg cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
Example 2
Another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4- pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; and 2000 mg rhenium in an organo-metallic compound. Example 3
Still another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises: 1.0 kg aromatic hydrocarbon 150; 500 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; 1000 mg bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; 4000 mg ferrocene; 1000 mg magnesium 2- ethylhexanoate; 1000 mg cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate; and 1000 mg rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
In the illustrative examples above, one or more of the element-containing compounds may be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier prior to its combination with other components of the catalyst. For example, bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum and bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium may be pre-dissolved in a solvent, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and introduced as a liquid. Accordingly, the weight of any such pre-dissolved or pre-dispersed compound in the examples above includes the liquid carrier component. Nevertheless, the concentration ranges for the element contained in such a pre-dissolved or pre-dispersed compound would comport with those described above.
Catalysts according to various embodiments of the invention are capable of air-borne or fuel-borne delivery to an oxidation device (e.g., a combustion engine). Systems and methods for delivering catalysts, such as those of the invention, are known. Exemplary systems and methods are described in US Patent Application No. 12/124,066, filed 20 May 2008, which is hereby incorporated herein as though fully set forth.
More specifically, in the case of air-borne delivery of a catalyst according to an embodiment of the invention, such catalyst may be injected or otherwise delivered directly to an oxidation device or apparatus (e.g., a flame zone of a combustion engine) or indirectly injected or delivered to such a device or apparatus (e.g., through an air intake to a flame zone of a combustion engine).
In other cases, catalysts according to embodiments of the invention may be pre-mixed with or added to a hydrocarbon fuel to be oxidized. For example, such catalysts may be added to a hydrocarbon fuel before the fuel is stored in a fuel tank. In other cases, such catalysts may be added to the hydrocarbon fuel once the fuel is in the fuel tank or at any point as the fuel is moved from the fuel tank to the flame zone (e.g., by adding a catalyst to a fuel line).
Catalysts and methods according to embodiments of the invention provide a number of improvements to the oxidation of hydrocarbons, including, for example, more efficient oxidation, reduced temperatures (particularly in the cylinder and exhaust areas), a reduction in harmful emissions, increased engine horsepower, improved fuel economy, and reduced torsional vibration, resulting in reduced engine wear. Experimental oxidation of diesel fuel using catalysts according to various embodiments of the invention reduced overall fuel consumption by between about 10% and about 20%.
As used herein, the terms "more," "reduced," "increased," "improved," and similar terms are meant to refer to hydrocarbon oxidation not using catalysts of the invention.
The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation comprising: a liquid medium; a platinum-containing compound; and a palladium-containing compound.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium includes at least one of the following: an aromatic solvent, a hydrocarbon, and petroleum ether.
3. The catalyst of claim 2, wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from a group consisting of: kerosene and octane.
4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium includes an aromatic hydrocarbon.
5. The catalyst of claim 4, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from a group consisting of: aromatic hydrocarbon 150 and aromatic hydrocarbon 200.
6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the platinum-containing compound is selected from a group consisting of: bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum and acetylacetone platinum (II).
7. The catalyst of claim 6, wherein the platinum-containing compound is bis(2,4- pentanedionato) platinum.
8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the palladium-containing compound is selected from a group consisting of: bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium and acetylacetone palladium (II).
9. The catalyst of claim 8, wherein the palladium-containing compound is bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium.
10. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising : an iron-containing compound; and a magnesium-containing compound.
11. The catalyst of claim 10, wherein the iron-containing compound is selected from a group consisting of: ferrocene and iron naphthenate.
12. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the iron-containing compound is ferrocene.
13. The catalyst of claim 10, wherein the magnesium-containing compound is a salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid.
14. The catalyst of claim 13, wherein the magnesium-containing compound is magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate.
15. The catalyst of claim 10, further comprising : a cerium-containing compound.
16. The catalyst of claim 10, wherein the cerium-containing compound is a salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid.
17. The catalyst of claim 16, wherein the cerium-containing compound is cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
18. The catalyst of claim 15, wherein : the liquid medium is aromatic hydrocarbon 150; the platinum-containing compound is bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; the palladium-containing compound is bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; the iron-containing compound is ferrocene; the magnesium-containing compound is magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and the cerium-containing compound is cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.
19. The catalyst of claim 15, further comprising : a rhenium-containing compound.
20. The catalyst of claim 19, wherein the rhenium-containing compound is a salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid.
21. The catalyst of claim 20, wherein the rhenium-containing compound is rhenium in an organo-metallic compound .
22. The catalyst of claim 19, wherein: the liquid medium is aromatic hydrocarbon 150; the platinum-containing compound is bis(2,4-pentanedionato) platinum; the palladium-containing compound is bis(2,4-pentanedionato) palladium; the iron-containing compound is ferrocene; the magnesium-containing compound is magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate; and the rhenium-containing compound is rhenium in an organo-metallic compound.
PCT/US2009/045257 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation WO2009146314A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5639608P 2008-05-27 2008-05-27
US61/056,396 2008-05-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009146314A1 true WO2009146314A1 (en) 2009-12-03

Family

ID=41377552

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/045257 WO2009146314A1 (en) 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009146314A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050044778A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 2005-03-03 Orr William C. Fuel compositions employing catalyst combustion structure
US20080277316A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Carter Technologies Catalytic conversion of methane and natural gas to condensable hydrocarbons
WO2008141439A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-27 Kanata Chemical Technologies Inc. Method for the production of hydrogen from ammonia borane

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050044778A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 2005-03-03 Orr William C. Fuel compositions employing catalyst combustion structure
US20080277316A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Carter Technologies Catalytic conversion of methane and natural gas to condensable hydrocarbons
WO2008141439A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-27 Kanata Chemical Technologies Inc. Method for the production of hydrogen from ammonia borane

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8741798B2 (en) Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation
EP0815185B1 (en) Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer
ES2236255T3 (en) FUEL ADDITIVE.
JP6224709B2 (en) Numerous molecular size fuel additives
CA1340871C (en) Method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering internal combustion engines
JP2005502764A (en) Diesel fuel, its production and use
ZA200505933B (en) Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
US7063729B2 (en) Low-emissions diesel fuel
JP2004507567A (en) Diesel fuel composition
JP2008537013A (en) Additive for hydrocarbon fuel comprising non-acidic inorganic compound containing boron and method for producing the same
WO2001085876A1 (en) Low-emissions diesel fuel
US20150166918A1 (en) High lubricity fuel reformulation to increase mileage and reduce emissions
KR101815015B1 (en) Composition for soot-particle reduction
CN104388129A (en) Blended fuel for gasoline and gasoline containing same
US8696769B2 (en) Fuel additive to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions
JP6569018B2 (en) Fuel additive
RU2355737C2 (en) Fuel composition including iron and manganese for reduction of spark plug pollution
US20030196371A1 (en) Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from spark-ignited reciprocating engines operating on liquid petroleum fuels
WO2009146314A1 (en) Catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation
US8513153B2 (en) Fuel additive
KR101287026B1 (en) Fuel-additive composition and fuel composition comprising the same
US7901472B2 (en) Combustion modifier and method for improving fuel combustion
Senthil et al. Effect of Fuel Additives on Performance Improvement and Emission Control in Diesel Engines
JP4412595B2 (en) Exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine and exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine
US20120180383A1 (en) High lubricity fuel reformulation to increase mileage and reduce emissions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09755676

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09755676

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1