WO2009145739A2

WO2009145739A2 - Energy converter

Info

Publication number: WO2009145739A2
Application number: PCT/TR2009/000048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alpay Ince
Original assignee: Alpay Ince
Priority date: 2008-04-04
Filing date: 2009-04-02
Publication date: 2009-12-03
Also published as: TR200802291A2; WO2009145739A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to efficiency conversion of energy. We frequently come across the conversion of electrical energy into heat and work, the work into potential energy, the potential energy into mechanical energy and the heat energy into electrical energy. The present invention relates to the collection, storage and conversion into electrical energy of the idle heat energies in natural environments such as the sun, seas, the air, mountains, and plains.

Description

DESCRIPTION

ENERGY CONVERTER

The present invention relates to efficient conversion of energy. We frequently come across the conversion of electrical energy into heat and work, the work into potential energy, potential energy into mechanical energy and heat energy into electrical energy. The present invention relates to the collection, storage and conversion of the idle thermal energy in nature environmental such as the sun, sea, air, mountain and valleys into electrical energy.

In the prior art electrical energy can not be generated efficiently from small natural heat energy sources having a temperature gradient less than 80 degrees. In other words, renewable and uninterrupted electrical energy can still not be generated with the prior art with simple techniques from thermal heat energies collected and stored from simple solar heat collectors, salt gradient solar pools, geothermal heat energy sources, seas, rivers, mountains, the earth, and the air and there are still many technical problems before its feasible generation. In order to determine and correctly analyze such problems ff let us look at the nature of heat, its conversion and technical phases;

a-) The natural flow phase of the heat: heal flow is from the hot to the cold, naturally and always in one direction.

b-) Reversal phase of the heat flow; in order to be able to reverse the natural heat flow which is not reversible air conditions and heat pumps, which consume energy, are used.

C-) Conversion phase of work into heat: All work can be converted into heat energy easily and without losses. Our hands heating when rubbed together, the gas in a bicycle pump heating when its volume decreases and its pressure increases, heating of the bent section of an iron rod etc. are known examples.

d-) Conversion stage of heat energy into work, into mechanical energy: Here is the phase which challenges the science world. Even though potential, kinetic, chemical and nuclear energies can be readily converted into heat it is said in scientific sources that "heat energy is never converted into other types of energy by itself.

Some well known laws and conversions relating to our patent application are given below. These are;

a- 1st law of thermodynamics briefly: "the change in the internal energy of the systems is related to the heat added/removed from that system and the work done again with the same system." b- 2nd law of thermodynamics briefly: "Between two objects with a heat difference heat transfer from the cold one to the hot one does not take place by itself."

c- Carnot cycle is a special type of thermodynamic conversions; because it consists fully of reversible steps. Therefore, the change in entropy in every step and in total is zero.

d- Maximum efficiency of Rankine cycle is obtained by the calculation of the maximum efficiency of Carnot cycle. Their efficiencies increase and the temperature difference between the sources increases. Therefore, Rankine cycle is the ideal cycle for energy plants in which hot steam is used.

Based on the information relating to the laws and cycles mentioned above the state of the art is as follows.

a- With the state of the art; the first application of cup/stirling systems designed to generate electrical energy from solar heat is in 1984. With this collector, which the Advanco company developed, this system which was developed for automotive applications and in which the United Stirling 4 -95 Mark Il (http://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/sun/sola3.html) Stirling engine was used could generate a 25 k.W. power with an efficiency of 29.4 %. Even though this system is the most efficient system developed to date, due to its high cost only one was generated and was used for test purposes. There are the problems of requiring a temperature gradient of higher than 500 degrees between the heat energy sources and a high installation cost and low efficiency.

b- With the state of the art in another aspect; important examples for systems that focus and concentrate solar heat and generate energy from hot steam by the conventional method; the 10 MW solar thermal electrical power plant called Solar -1 in the near California Barstovv, USA is the greatest among the firsts. Again in the same period the 2.5 MW Tehmis Power Plant in Southern France, the 5 MW SPEEDS -5 Plant in the on the coast of Sea of Azov, Soviet Union the 1.2 MW CESA -1 Plant in Almeria, Spain, the 1 MW EURELIOS Plant in Adrano, Italy, and the 1 MW in Nio, Japan are solar heat power plants. Depending on how big the temperature gradient between the hot and cold sources (at least 500-800 degrees) their efficiencies become proportionally high. They have high installation cost and low efficiency problems.

c- With the state of the art in another aspect; a typical example for the thermal conventional system with parabolic channel and cylindrical focus collectors to concentrate solar radiation (condenser) was within the scope of the Solar Energy Generation Systems (SEGS) Project. Under this project the LUZ Thermal Solar Power Plant (http://www.luz2.com/) was built in California in the Mojave desert. This plant is of the type with a parabolic channel collector field. The LUZ Plant, the first, 13.8 MW unit of which was commissioned in 1985 and the ninth 80 MW unit was commissioned in 1991 operates on pressurized steam at a temperature of above 500 degrees and has high installation and low efficiency problems.

d- With the state of the art in another aspect; apart from land solar power plants it is aimed to build geosynchronous solar power plants with the collector satellite to be located in space and an earth connection. The electrical energy to be generated at a distance of 36 thousand km from the earth at a space plant of 10 thousand MW power shall be transmitted to the earth via microwaves from its 1 km diameter antenna and a 7 km diameter antenna on the earth shall receive their energy with an efficiency of %55 to 75 and produce direct current. This project was included in the American Apollo space Program. The problem with this technology is much different. It requires both a high installation cost and advanced technology.

e- With the state of the art in another aspect; in the sun towers technology which uses the thermal energy of the sun to heat the air the generation of electrical energy is made possible with wind turbines from the wind power of the hot air that rises in the tower. Time magazine elected this "Sun Tower" technology the most important invention of the year

2002. This project signed by the German scientist Jδrg Schlaich is planned to be built in the

Buronga region by the Enviromission Limited company, also with the approval from the Australian government, http://www.enviromission.com.au/proiect/proiect.htm . The efficiency of this system, for which a prototype has been built in Spain is 1.5 % and thus very low. It has an efficiency and high cost problem.

f- With the state of the art in another aspect; for the photovoltaic (PV) power plant currently being built in the island of Crete, Greece, the investment cost per unit kW is $3500 for the first 5 MW part. This cost is $680 for natural gas, $1200 for hydraulic, $1450 for import coal, $1600 for lignite and $1800-2700 for nuclear and still the low efficiency and high cost problem exists.

f- With the state of the art in another aspect; electrical energy can be generated by taking heat energy at low temperatures from natural environments, increasing its temperature with heat pumps and producing steam at high pressure. Heat pumps both decrease efficiency by consuming energy and also increase installation costs. In other words, the low efficiency and high cost problem is not solved.

In all the known aspects of the state of the art in the preceding each energy generation system has been realized with hundreds of technologies subject to patents. To summarize, in no known state of the art there is yet an invention, system or a technology which can generate electrical energy feasibly at a low cost from temperature gradients lower than 80 degrees between the source from idle thermal energy sources we can find in profusion in nature. Therefore, no similar patent number could be provided and only the system web addresses could be given. The invention, which is the subject matter of the application, is characterized as follows:

This invention is characterized in that;

I- It collects thermal energies from natural heat sources (preferably from the sun, with large quantities)

2- It is capable of storing the heat for weeks, (preferably using salt gradient solar pools)

3- Or capable of using systems that can store large quantities of thermal energies as latent heat using inexpensive chemical materials (paraffin etc.) with PCM phase changes, for storing the thermal energy,

4- Or, capable of using techniques to store great quantities of thermal energies with PCM for long periods at ambient temperatures by chemical methods, (for example, with salt hydrates),

5- Capable of using, as thermal energy sources, all natural environments such as plains, mountains, hills, the sun, sea, the air, geothermal etc. depending on the regions,

6- Capable of using preferably simple sun collectors producing hot water,

7- Capable of using all kinds of different natural heat energy sources with temperature gradients smaller than 80 degrees,

8- Capable of generating electrical energy from these small temperature gradients with thermodynamic cycles,

9- With the electrical energy it generates having a high efficiency,

10- Which is easy to build,

I I- With a low cost of investment for the facility,

12- Capable of generating electrical energy uninterruptedly even during the night by using the large amounts of solar heat energies it reserves, 13- Having a long service life with silent operation,

14- With low maintenance costs and easy to maintain,

15- Producing zero greenhouse gasses,

16- Which does not use advance technology,

17- With the KWh unit cost of the energy it generates lower than even coal fuelled thermal power plants,

18- Generating all the electrical energy it produces from renewable energy sources.

No inventions, machines or energy generation systems with patent applications having adequately similar characteristics have been encountered that we can refer to.

This invention solves the problems with the state of the art. Additionally, it also has a great portion of the 18 item technical characteristics. The source of inspiration for the invention is the fact that rain clouds elevate tons of water and convert it to potential energy. The magical power of the nature and the rain can be understood much better if two buckets of water is taken up to the fifth floor through the stairs. The noiseless elevation of millions of tons of rain water to thousands of meters as steam and the phases of the formation of rain were studied with a different view. Finally it was decided to imitate rain with a closed thermodynamic cycle (rankin). To better understand this invention let us first define rain and analyze it step by step.

1st Phase: Evaporation phase; when the water or moisture in natural environments such as soil, trees, lakes, cities, seas etc. evaporate it passes to the vapor phase by taking in great quantities of idle ambient heat from the environment. (While the heating temperature of water is 1 cal/gr, the evaporation latent heat is 540 cal/gr.).

2nd Phase: Elevation phase of the evaporating water from the ground; Almost like a fired rocket, when water evaporates it raises thousands of meters with a magical power, loaded with the great thermal energies it takes in from the environment and forms the rain clouds. This is the vital point of my invention. What happens, how it happens, so that water, 1 cubic meter of which weighs 1 ton, raises thousands of meters by generating a force against gravity as a balloon, as well as it loses its weight? The scientific circles which uses pressurized hot steam has ignored the fact that liquids, which rise by evaporation, are converted into potential energy by themselves? My thesis on this subject; a part of the latent heat of evaporation is converted to an energy which raises the liquid vapor from the ground. Thus the heat energy is silently converted to potential energy by itself. As similar poles repel each other, similarly, rain clouds which are loaded with great latent heat push the radiation heat of the of the magma at the center of the world upwards from the crust of the earth. The clouds which are pushed to a certain orbital height remain at the height they are balanced with gravity. Otherwise they would need to continue rising and then condense and immediately return to the earth; because orbits are only formed when two opposite forces can be balanced. When the water in natural environments evaporates, if noted, it does two useful works at the same time. As the first work the high and idle environmental heat that disturbs the nature, the cities and the environment in summer passes to the water as latent heat and great environmental heat is taken to heights. As the second work; because millions of tons of water rises as vapor it is converted into potential energy. This means that heat energy is automatically converted into potential energy by the nature. However, in schoolbooks and scientific papers it is still said; "Even though potential, kinetic, chemical and nuclear energies are automatically converted into heat, heat can under nor condition be converted into other energy types."

3rd Phase: Conversion of clouds reversibly into the liquid phase when they lose their great latent heats or the sublimation phase.

4th Phase: the phase when it starts to fall to the ground; when the cloud loses its heat energy it also looses its power which resists gravity. In summary, clouds, when they lose their heat energy cannot resist gravity. The potential energies of water, snow or ice particles in high places are converted into kinetic energy when they fall. A very small part fills in the mountains, ricers and dam reservoirs and become hydroelectric potential energy. A large portion falls on the plains and the seas and complete the reversible cycle by giving of their potential and kinetic energies back into the nature.

In this invention, which is the subject matter of the application, the great heat energies in nature which are used as the energy source; can, as well as being the 10-15 degrees of temperature differences between the night and the day, can also be the 30-35 degrees of temperature differences between the top of a snow capped mountain and the city. It means that all kinds of heat sources which has a temperature gradient between them can be converted into electrical energy with this invention. During the day collecting and storing the sun's heat great advantages are gained by increasing the temperature differences between the sources. As a solid example, if we wanted to lower the temperature of everything in a large city, the buildings, the rocks, the soil, water, air, avenues and streets, cars and the roads etc. from 36 degrees in daytime to 21 degrees using giant air conditioners, theoretically, very large and powerful air conditions would be required. The heat energy absorbed from the city with giant air conditioners would also be needed to be ejected from the city. However, nature easily performs this air conditioning service by lowering the city's temperature every night. Under summer heat rain waters sometimes rapidly lower the temperature of a large city. The nature charges the city's heat into the water vapor as latent heat and takes the water vapor thousands of meters high. The source of inspiration for this invention is this event of nature. In summary; the nature is an energy ocean where colossal energies continuously change places in horizontal and vertical directions.

In order to be able to utilize latent heat energies in this great energy ocean it firstly needs to collect and then to store them. There exist numerous techniques on this subject. Non-convective solar pools with salt gradient can perform both collecting heat from the sun and to reserve the heat energy for weeks very cheaply. This method and technique has been preferred to collect the solar heat and store it for a long time. In these pools three layers that no not intermix are present. At the bottom of the pool is a layer of water which is very salty, at the middle section with medium saltiness and fresh water at the top. The black bottom of the pool absorbs heat and the heat energy is trapped in the highly salty layer at the bottom for long periods of time. These heat energies are used by pulling them out with exchangers.

The flat surfaced, non-condensing and cheap solar collectors that are widely used on the roofs to collect heat energy of the sun and to heat water can be used in this invention. As another method for the long term storage of heat energies collected in the form of hot water, cheap anti-freeze polyester water tanks can be used. To store larger heat energies, various tanks or pools, which are filled with gravel or coarse sand and a heat transfer fluid, can be used with heat insulation. For storage of latent heat, more expensively, but professionally phase changing materials such as paraffin (PCM) are used. Thus great savings in volume and thermal stability advantages are obtained. With even more developed and more expensive techniques hydrate salts or accumulators can be made use of in storing heat. As the second heat source, many known methods of the technique can be used for collecting and storing low temperature environmental heat energies. Preferably heat insulated antifreeze, cheap polyester water tanks or, again, large concrete pools with gravel and antifreeze and heat insulation can be used. Generating the uninterrupted electrical energy with this invention from the two heat energy sources charged hot and cold stored in large quantities shall then be very simple. Small but important experiments conducted during the development of this invention and the observations related to these experiments are collected in 6 items; 1. First experiment and observation, was made with steel butane gas bottles used in homes which were filled half with LPG, containing approximately 10 liters of liquid LPG (in our country LPG is a mixture of 30 % Propane and 70 % butane, both of which are under zero degrees which is their boiling point.)- At an ambient temperature of 20-25 degrees the bottle contains LPG (Liquid petroleum gas, butane gas) under 4 to 5 bar pressure both in liquid and in gas form. In other words, the liquid LPG fills the bottle with the LPG gas until it evaporates under the ambient temperature and the vapor pressure stabilizes. LPG is in both liquid and value phases in the bottle. If the temperature of the bottle increases the vapor pressure also increases; it gas is used from the bottle liquid LPG takes in heat from the environment and passes to the vapor phase until the vapor pressure is stabilized. Based on these basic information, in the first experiment this bottle was placed in a tub filled with approximately 25 liters of hot water at a temperature of 40-45 degrees with a water depth of 15 cm. As the heat of the hot water passed to the liquid LPG inside and at the bottom of the steel bottle the liquid LPG vapor which boiled and vaporized moved the latent heat it received rapidly to the top of the bottle. We tried to cool the top section of the bottle with a ventilator. It was seen that as long as the temperature of the water in the tub did not fall the heat, transferred to the top of the bottle with the LPG vapor continued and the temperature of the top of the bottle also did not fall. It was seen that, until the heat of the water in the tub was consumed the rapid heat transfer from the bottom to the top continued continuously. The heat transfer was very rapid exactly as in heat pipes (heat bar). In this experiment it was seen that the heat transfer is very sensitive to temperature gradients even of a few degrees. The invention, which is the subject matter of the application, was started with the following steps.

In the first step, it was contemplated that, if we were to extend the same test bottle as a 15-20 meter pipe, could the LPG vapor move the heat and the hot gas to the top of the pipe again with the same speed. Instead of extending the LPG bottle having a diameter of approximately 33-35 cm, we contemplated to extend it with a small diameter pipe as in the heat pipes with the state of the art. Would it be possible to move the butane (LPG) vapor and the heat to great heights with a closed cycle using this long pipe? While the known heat pipes have a near vertical angle, when the cycle fluid is heated from the bottom the vapor rises rapidly to the top condensation section. If the hot vapor which rises loses its heat, it condenses and it forms a reversible thermodynamic cycle being converted back into liquid again in the same pipe. Based on the principle that if all thermodynamic system reverses under , a special condition it is a thermodynamic cycle, the second experiment was conducted.

In the 2nd experiment on the other hand, in order to realize a long heat rod (pipe) from 3 lengths of one inch steel pipe, in other words 18 meters long, both ends of which can be closed with valves 0 to 10 bar scale manometers were installed on the two ends of the heat bar. This heat bar pipe with length of 18 meters was fixed in between the terrace and the garden of a 6 storey building by rope. The LPG bottle was attached to the garden end of this heat bar. The bottle was installed upside down for the liquid LPG to go from the bottle to the pipe the valve of the bottle and the valve of the pipe was opened. In the meantime to empty the air in the pipe the valve at the terrace was kept open until the LPG gas and its odor was received intensely at the terrace. When the LPG gas came, the valve at the terrace was closed. A quantity of liquid LPG filled into the pipe. It was understood that the LPG at the bottom end of the pipe, at a column height of approximately 2.5 meters was in liquid form; because the bottom manometer indicated approximately 4.7 bars and the top manometer approximately 4.5 bars. To verify the pressure difference the bottle connection was separated and the heat pipe vas reversed and again the bottom manometer showed 4.7 bars and the one on the terrace 4.5 bars of LPG pressure. The 0.2 bar same pressure difference was still present. A large part of this difference It was understood that a large part of this difference resulted from the weight of the liquid LPG of approximately 2.5 meters at the bottom end of the heat bar (the liquid LPG flow sound was heard when the pipe was being reversed) and a little passes through due to the strength of the gas filling the pipe up to the top manometer. The bottom end of this heat bar fabricated in this manner was immersed in the hot water bucket. The pressure on both of the manometers increased in equal proportions however, the heat of the hot water in the bucket could not reach the terrace end of the bar at the speed and in the manner expected. Here it was required to insulate the pipe. The approximately 17.5 meters of the pipe other than the 0.4 meter section in the hot water bucket up was covered with heat insulation as far as the top manometer. Because at the end of the experiments there was no heat escape after the insulated heat pipe was fully heated this experiment was very successful. In the experiments conducted the heat was rapidly transported with the hot LPG gas up to the end of the heat pipe. This experiment is an important experiment for us showing that the heat pipes need to be heat insulated in order to be able to extend pipe lengths.

In the 3rd experiment, the gas in the heat pipe was discharged and flexible, pressure enduring pipes, 30 cm at the bottom end and 50 cm at the top end, were adapted at the ends. Connecting the full LPG bottle at the bottom end and the empty LPG bottle at the top ends in upright positions this time, the valves were opened. For a short time the gas flow sound was heard and two manometers showed approximately 4.5 bars however, no liquid LPG flow into the empty bottle at the top took place. In the 4th experiment, as a continuation of the 3rd experiment, the empty bottle at the terrace was immersed in the vessel filled with cold water. The gas which condensed in the cold bottle, which contained butane gas at 4.5 bars, started to be converted into liquid LPG. In other words, the liquid LPG and the heat at the bottom started to move upwards and the cold started to move downwards, covertly so to speak. While the bottle at the bottom started to get cool by itself the temperature of the cold water and the bottle at the top started to increase. In the meantime the pressure at the top manometer fell a little billiards table and the bottle at the top was filled with liquid LPG about one fourth and when the temperature gradient between the bottles decreased the process speed of liquid LPG upwards slowed down fairly well.

In the 5th experiment, which is a continuation of the 4th experiment, in order to accelerate the process the full bottle at the bottom was immersed by half length in a tub filled with hot water at a temperature of 45 degrees and the top bottle was re-immersed in the renewed cold water. During this process, while the pressure in the bottom manometer increased a little the pressure in the top manometer decreased a little. Again the LPG vapor and the heat rapidly rose up through the heat insulated steel water pipe and started to heat the bottle at the top. As the hot water for the full bottle at the bottom started to get cold, hot water was replenished. At the end of the experiment, it was seen that no liquid LPG remained in the full bottle at the bottom in a relatively short time and the liquid LPG was totally elevated to and filled the cooled bottle on the terrace. Sufficiently valuable and significant information was obtained with this explanation. With small temperature gradients of 30 degrees on the average the 12 liters of LPG liquid in the bottle was elevated 18 meters high in a short time with heat energy. As with the potential hydraulic energy of the water in a dam with an 18 meter head, the heat was converted into potential energy. The first three important phases of rain was imitated in a controlled manner with this simple closed reversible thermodynamic cycle. When the LPG liquid in the bottom bottle was heated, a part of the heat energy is converted into potential energy when it is going up to the cold bottle at the top through the insulated heat pipe. At the end of these experiments the generation of electrical energy with two sources at different temperatures was realized as follows in two steps:

In the first step, the heated LPG in gas form in the heat insulated long pipe is cooled and condensed at the highest point and stored in the liquid LPG tank. Thus, first the potential hydraulic energy is obtained and in the second step, on the other hand, the hydraulic pressure is obtained from the height of the manometric fluid column of the liquid LPG which entirely fills the second pipe going downwards. The hydraulic pressure is converted into mechanical energy in the hydraulic engine and the mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy. The pressure of the cycle fluid, which generates torque (mechanical energy) by entering the hydraulic engine at the lowest elevation, falls at the exit of the hydraulic engine down to the valve pressure of the LPG gas and enters into the reversible cycle for re-evaporation. Converting the pressure of the fluid column in the return pipe of the cycle fluid into mechanical energy is a widely known state of the art. It is highly efficient and very simple with hydraulic engines that have a circulation/flow regulator. This invention, which raises the liquid LPG in a closed cycle with low temperature gradients by evaporation as in rain clouds, is thus realized simply and cheaply. Then, with this invention, in addition to avoiding paying for additional energy for this air conditioning service that cools the environment as the rain does while silently transporting excessive ambient heats to the mountaintops, a zero cost renewable electrical energy can also be generated. If work is applied to a heat pump it transports heat from one place to another. With the same thermodynamic reversible rationale, when a thermodynamic system is built that harbors the natural automatic flow of the heat, in other words its ascent, the system provides work by itself; because in all applications the generation of work from the heat only takes place during the passage of the heat.

In the second step, converting the potential energy of the fluid at the high elevation first to mechanical and then to electrical energy ate well known states of the art. The hydraulic pressure increases as the height of the fluid column in the descent pipe increases. Its calculation is made by multiplying the density of the fluid with the manometric height, i.e. the head. For example, for a mountain which is 1000 meters (100.000cm) high from the plans and a fluid density of 0.86 ground the hydraulic pressure is 100.000X0,86=86000 gr/cm2 or 86 kg/cm2. If the cycle fluid in the pipe, which has an inner diameter of 10 cm and an area of 78.5 cm2 enters the hydraulic engine at speed of 5m/sec it does approximately 76,5x86x5=33755 Kgm/sec of work. In this calculation friction, viscosity and hydraulic engine efficiency losses were not taken into consideration. From this formula it is evident that, as the height of the mountain or the tower increases, the possibility of generating great quantities of pressure and energy with that much lower quantity of cycle fluid increases. In places where there are no mountains or hills electrical energy can still be generated with this method with couple of hundred meters of steel or concrete tower. The cycle fluid flow rate and the vapor flow rates need to be increased proportional to the decrease in height. It is seen that, for this, the pipe diameters shall increase and appropriate arrangements need to be made. With a hydraulic engine which has an appropriate flow/cycle regulator and a generator couple to its shaft, generating a highly efficient electrical energy in a continuous manner is as uninterrupted and problem free as a hydroelectric power plant project until the cycle fluid in the tank is depleted.

In the 6th experiment; the empty bottle was placed in the windy terrace of the 6 storey building which was a few degrees cooler as compared to the garden and its pipe connections were made. Then a sunshade was built on it to prevent heating by the sun. The full bottle in the garden was painted black and a plywood plate of approximately 1 square meter was placed under the bottle for collecting heat from the sun. A large transparent nylon bad was slipped on the black bottle and the plywood to prevent the heat they receive from the sun from escaping and the skirts of the bag were pasted to the black plywood. The top of the bag was pierced to take out the end of the flexible pipe connected to the full bottle and it was installed to the heat pipe going to the terrace. Thus the black bottle and the black plywood in the garden was collecting heat and the nylon bag was preventing the heat to escape. Later, when the valves of the bottle and the pipe were opened it was determined that no significant activity took place after a short duration of hissing. It was seen that after approximately two hours a very little amount of liquid LPG was transferred to the empty bottle however, after approximately 6 hours its was seen that the empty bottle was filled to a large extent. Later, the nylon bag was cut and removed and the setup was left as it was to be dismantled the next day. When, on the next day the visit was made to dismantle the bottles the little amount of the liquid LPG which remained in the garden bottle from the previous day had entirely emptied out. When the bottle at the top was checked believing that there was a leak in the installations and both of the bottles had emptied it was seen that the bottle at the top was totally full. In other words, even with a couple of degrees of temperature gradient work the terrace and the garden the elevation of the liquid LPG to the terrace could take place by itself until the morning. The observations made at the conclusion of these 6 experiments are as follows:

1- In the first experiment; it was determined that the LPG bottle served very well as a thick and short heat pipe.

2- In the second heat rod experiment; the desired heat transfer result could not be achieved with the un-insulated pipe however, it was determined that when the pipe in between is insulated well against heat leaks it is of no significance that the pipe is long.

3- In the third experiment; it was determined that, if the two bottles are at the same temperature, if there is not temperature difference, there was no liquid LPG flow from the full bottle at the bottom end of the same pipe to the empty bottle at the top end.

4- In the fourth experiment; when only the top bottle is placed in the cold water container, when the liquid LPG and the heat goes upwards the coldness of the water goes downwards. Therefore, it was also understood by experimenting that heat always moves up and cold always moves down.

5- In the fifth experiment; it was determined that, when also the bottom bottle is placed in the hot water container, the process speeds up greatly and that the speed of transfer of the

LPG vapor and the liquid LPG upwards is determined by the magnitude of the temperature gradient.

6- In the sixth experiment; it was determined that, it was possible to generate potential energy with this method, which is the subject matter of the invention, from even one or two degrees of temperature gradients from natural heat sources and that as the temperature gradient increases the process speeds up greatly. The most important conclusion from the experiments was that in order for the fluid to be transported up with heat energy, in other words, for it to be converted into potential energy, no supplementary equipment such as circulation pumps, engines are needed. A technique which converts heat energy into potential energy has been found according to the laws on the natural flow of heat, which is very efficient, very silent, without costs, which is renewable, easy and has many other advantages.

These experiments, the rain cycles and the thermodynamic laws have shown that; using an appropriate thermodynamic cycle fluid and an appropriate installation the way for transferring tons of cycle fluid to the mountaintops or to the top of towers and the generation of renewable, uninterrupted electrical energy has been opened by storing and using small temperature gradients with the method in the experiments. In all states of the art producing a high vapor pressure in low temperature gradients was inefficient and costly. With this invention; instead of producing high company pressure with the conventional method, the hot liquid LPG vapor is elevated, cooled and liquefied and as the rain clouds elevate the water for the dams, the generation of potential hydraulic energy has been successfully achieved. When realizing this invention, as a minimum;

1- A system should be installed on the plans or mountain slopes which can collect solar heat energy, preferably a number of times greater than the daily consumption, and stores for a long period. However, in cases where the sun is absent for long periods of time, coal, wood, petroleum and petroleum products, chemical, nature gas, geothermal and nuclear energies which produce heat energy can also be utilized for supplementing.

2- To provide the hydraulic head for the cycle fluid; heights, such as mountains, hills, canyons, steel or concrete towers and depressions such as the depth of the sea and ore mines can be preferably used.

3- At the top of the mountain or the tower, there should be heat insulated tanks or concrete pools which are filled with only water with anti-freeze or filled with gravel and water with antifreeze. The fluids in these stores should be cooled by air via fan and radiator systems during the night when it is coldest. There should be a system which can store cooled liquid in quantities which will be more than adequate throughout the day.

4- There should be at least two pipes, with heat insulation and a large diameter for the vapor pipe and with heat insulation and small diameter and preferably immersed in the earth for the cycle fluid return pipe, both of which capable of withstanding appropriate pressures. 5- For the heat transfer from the hot and cold heat stores to the cycle fluid, there should be insulated heat exchangers and circulation systems preferably with appropriate capacities.

6- The thermodynamic cycle fluid reserve tank at the high elevation should have the appropriate capacity for sufficient potential hydraulic energy reserve.

7- There should be at least two cycle/torque regulators hydraulic engine-generator groups with back-ups selected to have appropriate nominal pressure and power.

The thermodynamic cycle fluid, on the other hand, should meet the following specifications.

a- It should be an environmentally friendly fluid with evaporation and condensation under practicable pressures, b- Preferably with a low evaporation temperature, c- Chemically non-decomposing, non-flammable, non-poisonous and non-reacting with metals, d- Having a low cost, long life and easy to obtain.

Description of the figures to aid a better understanding of our system, which is the subject matter oft invention, are given below:

Figure-1 View of the simple thermodynamic closed cycle schematic Figure-2 View of the simple thermodynamic closed cycle schematic with valve, coil and cycle fluid added

Figure-3 View of the simple thermodynamic closed cycle schematic with valve, coil, hydraulic engine and cycle fluid added

Figure-4 View with two exchanger installations added to the figure in Figure-3 for reclamation of heat

Figure-5 Advanced view with hot water installation and generator added to the figure in

Figure-4

Fjgure-6 Developed detailed view of the system which is the subject matter of the invention,

Figure-7 Semi-symbolic view to the system, which is the subject matter of the invention, Figure-8 View of the condenser funnel (46) which has been anchored and strengthened with feet (49) used in the system which is the subject matter of the invention

Figure-9 View of the rotary joint in the system which is the subject matter of the invention

Figure-10 Perspective view of the thermostatic controlled condenser with fan motor

Figure-11 Top view of condenser cells and fan Figure-12 Perspective bottom view of the condenser and its discharge pipe (50) Figure-13 Cross-section of condenser cells and the fan motor (51) and the fans (52).

Short descriptions of part numbers in the figures aiding a better description of the invention: 1- Solar heat collectors

2- Hot water pipe with heat insulation

3- Pipe drawing the water to be heated from the bottom of the tank Figure 6,

4- Hot water tank with heat insulation

5- Hot water with anti-freeze 6- Water circulation pump for the collector installation

7- Evaporation tank for cycle fluid picture.5

8- Heat exchanger return pipe

9- Hot water pipe for the evaporation tank heat exchanger 10- Vapor pipe with heat insulation 11- Thermodynamic cycle vapor

12- U-turn pipe of vapor pipe to condenser

13- Exchanger for reclaiming heat from vapor for the system

14- Inlet of pipe with heat insulation for the exchanger for heat reclamation from vapor

15- Outlet of pipe with heat insulation for the exchanger for heat reclamation from vapor 16- Exchanger condenser fluid connection pipe

17- Condenser cells

18- Condenser cycle fluid tank connection pipe 19- Cycle fluid tank 20- Cycle fluid 21- Cycle fluid tank fluid outlet pipe

22- Heat transfer fluid of the heat reclamation exchanger

23- Insulated bottom exchanger for heat reclamation 24- Insulated circulation return pipe between exchangers 25- Insulated circulation inlet pipe between exchangers 26- Pressurized cycle fluid inlet pipe into hydraulic engine

27- Hydraulic engine, operating on thermodynamic cycle fluid

28- Hydraulic engine shaft, figure.5

29- 3 phase electric generator

30- 3 phase electrical energy cable exit 31- Low pressure cycle fluid outlet pipe from hydraulic engine 32- Vapor chamber for bottom cycle fluid tank

33- Insulated bottom tank for cycle fluid

34- cycle fluid tank and vapor tank insulated connection pipe 35- Point indicating long pipe lengths have been shortened in technical drawing

36- Point indicating long pipe lengths have been shortened in technical drawing

37- Point indicating long pipe lengths have been shortened in technical drawing

38- Point indicating long pipe lengths have been shortened in technical drawing 39- Exchanger with heat insulation for pre-heating cycle fluid, figure.6

40- Hot water pipe with heat insulation for cycle fluid pre-heating exchanger

41- Cycle fluid pre-heating exchanger pipe inlet at exit of hydraulic engine

42- Cycle fluid pre-heating exchanger pipe outlet at exit of hydraulic engine

43- Hot water circulation pump for pre-heating circuit 44- heat transfer fluid circulation pump for heat reclamation exchangers

45- Bottom valve, figure.2

46- Funnel operating on rising hot air, figure-7

47- Rotary joint elbow conical mouth. Figure.8 48- Condenser cell. Figure.11 49- Condenser funnel anchor feet. Figure.8

50- Condenser thermodynamic cycle fluid bottom outlet pipe. Figure.12 51- Condenser fan motor, figure.13 52- Condenser fan motor fan

Based on the information provided until now, the invention is described below in a step by step manner.

In the thermodynamic closed cycle schematic, which is the subject matter of the invention, given in Figure-1 ; the cycle fluid (20) in the steel tank with heat insulated external sides filled with cycle fluid (20) rises upwards (31) to the level of the fluid in the tank through the pipe (34) under the tank according to the law of composite vessels. The top sections of the closed cycle installation are filled with the pressurized vapor (11) of the cycle fluid (20). As also given in the example, the exchanger (13), the cycle fluid tank (19) and the condenser (17) deployed at the top of the mountain with a manometric height of 1000 meters are connected to the vapor pipe (10) coming from the tank at the bottom and the descent pipe (18) for the fluid returning to the tank. When the manometer (37) at the fluid return pipe, which is at the same level as the tank manometer (35), is showing the same pressure the manometer (36) at the condenser level shall show a lower pressure, because there will be a very large pressure difference resulting from the difference of the specific gravities of the vapor in the vapor pipe (10) and the liquefied gas (11) in the fluid return pipe (18,21 ,26).

In Figure-2 three more elements have been added to the same thermodynamic cycle installation. Firstly the coil (8-9) through which hot water is passed has been added to the fluid evaporation tank (7), as second, the fluid storage tank (19) has been added to the condenser (17) return, and as third, a valve (45) has been added at the fluid level of the bottom tank (7). In this cycle the valve (45) at the bottom is closed and the cycle fluid (20) passage is stopped and the cycle fluid (20) is heated to obtain vapor (11). The cycle fluid (20), which loses its heat in the condenser (17), first fills the descent pipe (18,21 ,26) (starting at the valve (45) ), then the top tank starts to fill with the cycle fluid (20). When the manometers (35,36,37) are noted at the end of the cycle fluid (20) levels that fill up to the levels shown in Figure-2, it is seen that the pressure of the manometer (37) on the pipe filled with the fluid is very high. While the vapor tank manometer (35) is showing a pressure equal to the sum of the weight of the gas (11) filling the vapor pipe (10) at an elevation of 1000 meters and the pressure of the condenser manometer (36), the manometer (37) at the valve level is at a very high pressure, which is equal to the sum of the pressure of the 1000 meters cycle fluid (20) column and the pressure of the condenser manometer (36). This pressure difference is due to the fact that the vapor pipe (10) is filled with gas (11) and the return pipe (21 ,26) is filled with the cycle fluid (20). These pressures entirely resulting from the weights of the substances in the pipes (10,21 ,26). Depending on how large the ratio of the weight of the hot vapor (11) filling the vapor pipe (10) to the weight of the cycle fluid (20) filling the return pipe (21 ,26) the pressure difference is that much greater. When the selection of a cycle fluid (20) is made in this system a thermodynamic cycle fluid with a higher liquid density should be preferred. In place of the valve (45) in Figure-2 to generate mechanical energy from the cycle fluid (20) pressure, a hydraulic engine (27) and thermometers, pressure safety valves and cocks have been placed in Figure-3, in numbers and at places adequate for safety.

The cycle with the hydraulic engine (27) added is shown in Figure-3. In this cycle the evaporation and condensation speeds should be so adjusted that the tank (23) at the top should not remain without reserve cycle fluid (20). In this cycle, if noted, there is no need for either a pump or a circulation motor. The vapor pressure of the cycle fluid (20), which is heated and evaporated in the bottom tank (7) increases and this vapor pressure, fills the vapor pipe (10) at the elevation of 1000 meters. Until the internal surface of the vapor pipe (10), which is insulated for heat leaks, reaches the vapor temperature the pressure of the condenser manometer (36) does not increase at the desired level. The vapor pipe (10) takes in heat from the vapor until it increases to the vapor temperature. The vapor which loses its heat condenses and returns to the vapor tank (7) through the same pipe (10). This process continues until the entire vapor pipe (10) increases to the vapor temperature. The hot vapor (11) reaches the top (12) and a pressure rise is observed in the manometer (36). As the hot pressurized vapor (11) rapidly loses its heat in the condenser (17) and condenses it fills into the return tank (23) through a return pipe (18). By taking mechanical energy from the hydraulic engine (27) in a manner as not to completely empty the return tank (23) and the return pipe (21 ,26), the cycle of the pressurized fluid (20) is completed by connecting to the vapor tank (7) via a pipe (31 ,34). As can be seen in Figure 3, there is a great pressure difference between the fluid intake (26) and the outlet (31) of the hydraulic engine (27). As long as the cycle fluid (20), which completes this cycle, continues to receive heat in the evaporation tank (7), there continue to be hot vapor (11) in the vapor pipe (10) and cold cycle fluid (20) in the return pipe (21 ,26). When the heat input to the system stops, the cycle fluid (20) of the fluid tank (23) at the top wants pass through the return pipe (21 ,26) and the hydraulic engine (27) and reach a liquid stability of Figure 1 according to the law of composite vessels.

The system in Figure-4 has been built in order to increase the thermal efficiency of this cycle which works in the most simple form for converting heat into work. At the top, for the heat reclamation from the hot vapor (11) before the condenser (17), the reclamation of heat into the cycle fluid in the return pipe (21 ,26) with increased pressure is made possible with the aid of exchangers (13), again with insulated pipes. There are no technical drawbacks in heating the cycle fluid (20) in the pressurized return pipe to hot vapor degrees; because when the cycle fluid (20) is under high pressure, it cannot evaporate even if its is heated to higher temperatures. After the cycle fluid that enters the hydraulic engine (27) under pressure and at high temperature converts the pressure on it into work functions almost like an expansion valve. The cycle fluid (20), which is hot at the exit (31) of the hydraulic engine (27), wants to evaporate, with its pressure also decreased. There are no technical drawbacks for it to enter the vapor tank (7) either in liquid phase or in vapor phase. What is important is that there is always vapor (11) in the vapor pipe (10) and always fluid (20) filling the fluid return pipe (21 ,26).

As can also be understood from Figure 4, we not only imitate the vapor and liquid phases of the rain in a closed cycle, we also return a large part of the heat energy from the hot vapor (11) into the system via the exchangers (13,23) and a manner as to minimize the release of heat into the nature from the condenser (17) at the top. Thus by doing the heat insulations in the system well and by using efficient exchangers we can achieve very high efficiencies. In this closed cycle made with the vapor and fluid return pipes (10,21 ,26) that extend to a height of 1000 meters, the conversion of heat energy into potential energy, to put it more clearly, takes the form of the vapor wanting to get lighter and rise and the liquid to get heavier and fall. The fact that the vapor pipe (10) is filled with vapor (11), the volume of which has expanded hundreds of times and which has become lighter and the fluid return pipe (21 ,26) is filled with the fluid the volume of which has become hundreds of times smaller and has condensed, gives rise to the large pressure difference between the two pipes. This is how we produce mechanical energy, in other words work from heat, from this pressure difference.

In the more detailed schematic in Figure 5, the system for collecting the solar heat and storing for a long time by insulation is shown which comprises the tank (4) filled with anti-freeze that would store the solar heat for a longer time, the pipe (3) which takes the cool water from the bottom of the tank, the water circulation pump (6), solar collectors (1) and the hot water return pipe (2). From this hot water tank (4) with heat insulation there is hot water intake (9) into the exchanger of the cycle fluid evaporation tank (7) and the return to the bottom part of the tank is completed with the circulation pump (6) and the return pipe (8). The cycle fluid (20) in the evaporation tank (7) starts to rise in the insulated vapor pipe (10) when the vapor pressure increases. The vapor, which rises up to the top of the representative mountain shown with the dotted line (35) and makes a User turn (12) and with its heat receiving capacity increased by its decreased pressure due to the elevation difference, is now ready to evaporate. As heat is taken out from hot vapor that enters the exchanger (13), which will cause the system to reclaim the vapor's heat, the volume of the volume shall decrease and liquidation shall start. When the vapor, which comes to the fanned condenser (17) from the exit pipe (16) of the exchanger (13) and which has lost its heat to a great degree, is cooled with the cool air of the top of the mountain with the fanned condenser (17), it completely transforms to the liquid phase and arrives at the cycle fluid tank (19) through the pipe (18). When this cycle fluid tank (19) at the top of the mountain can store as much fluid (20) as possible it would be that much preferable. After this point, as with the classic hydroelectric power plants, the potential energy of the fluid in the tank which has a low head shall be first converted into kinetic energy and then to electrical energy. The cycle fluid (20), which descends in liquid (20) form through the pipe (21) from the bottom of the cycle fluid tank (19) and the liquid pressure of their increases as it does down re-enters the exchanger (23) and gets hot. The heat energy which heats this fluid is the heat which has been taken down (36) from the vapor exchanger (13) at the top through the heat insulated pipe (14) for heat reclamation and brought to the exchanger (23) via the pump (42). The transfer of heat between two exchangers can be performed with any method known to the technique. Here anti-freeze water can also be used for economy as the heat transfer fluid. The circulation between the exchangers is raised (37) with the return pipe (24) and enters to top exchanger through the insulated pipe (15) to complete. The cycle fluid whish is heated to temperatures close to the vapor temperature in the bottom exchanger enters the hydraulic engine (27) through the high pressure pipe (26). The exchangers (23,13), including the hydraulic engine, the heat transfer pipes (14,15,24,25) between the exchangers and their equipment should have heat insulation. The hydraulic engine (27), which is selected to have a flow rate-cycle regulation at an appropriate pressure and power, generates mechanical energy from the pressure difference between the inlet (26) and the outlet (31) pipes. The 3 phase electrical generator (29) coupled to the engine shaft converts the mechanical energy transferred from the shaft (28) of the hydraulic engine to electrical energy and makes it ready for use in 3 phases (30). Thus, the cycle is completed and the hot cycle fluid (20) exiting the hydraulic engine (27) reaches down to the bottom fluid tank (33) via the pipe. The hydraulic engine (27) and the cycle fluid tank (33) at the lowest elevation are connected to the evaporation tank (7) via the vapor tank connected pipe (34) and with the transfer of the cycle fluid (20) to the evaporation tank (7) according to the law of composite vessels the cycle is completed. By charging heat from the hot water tank (4) into the cycle fluid (20), which arrives for re-evaporation by losing some quantity of heat, the thermodynamic cycle achieves continuity.

In Figure-6 a different embodiment of the evaporation tank (7) rationale and the final vapor heating exchanger (11) are shown. The hot vapor which exits the vapor pipe (34) and the vapor heating exchanger (11) rises at a greater rate. Because the pressure of the vapor column shall fall as it raises, its capability to remain as vapor increases. It starts to rapidly cool at the exchanger (13) at the top and transfer a great portion of the heat to the exchanger (23) at the bottom. It becomes completely liquid in in fanned condenser (17) when it was semi-liquid and semi-vapor and flows into the cold fluid tank (19). Because the pressure of this tank is at the lowest pressure level as a gas pressure the temperature of the cycle fluid (20) should be lower than the temperature of the cycle fluid in the bottom tank (7); otherwise it cannot remain in liquid form. For expedient utilization of hot water (5), the hottest water foes to the vapor heating exchanger (11) and then transferring from there to the evaporation tank (7) through the pipe (10) and to the exit pipe (31) of the hydraulic engine via the pipe (8) through the pre-heating pipe exchanger it arrives at the hydraulic engine intake exchanger (40) via the pipe (41). The hot water, the temperature of which falls in stages finally heats the pressurized cycle fluid and completes the hot water cycle with the aid of the circulation pump (43) via the pipe (41). To reduce installation costs, it may be sufficient to place the exchanger (23) which reclaims heat from the vapor at a distance of 50- 100 medications down from the mountain. The presence of at least 3-5 bar pressure in the pipe which is 50-100 meters down prevents the evaporation, inside the pipe, of the cycle fluid heated with the reclaimed heat. As a separated consideration the entire facility can be insulated, with the exception of the solar collectors (1) and the fancoil (17), and taken down to the underground.

In Figure-7 the symmetrical form of the schematic in Figure-6 is shown. For the fanned condenser (17) to be deployed at the top of the mountain to improve the total efficiency of the facility, a funnel (46) with a rotary head (17) has been added in the figure which provides air circulation with the ascent of the heating air. The effect of this rotary joint funnel (46) on the total efficiency has two aspects.

With the conical mouth (47) of the rotary elbow (46) connected to the end of the funnel (46), which has been anchored to the ground with feet (49) and made more robust in Figure-8, with the rotary joint (17) in Figure-9, it enables utilization of the wind energy at the top of the mountain. The conical mouth (47) of the rotary elbow turns always against the wind and forms a rising air flow inside the funnel under vacuum effect. This strong air flow facilitates the function of the fan. As a second benefit, it prevents the sun rays from heating the condenser cells (48) by providing a shade. In Figure-10 the perspective view of the thermostatically controlled condenser with fan motor is given, with Figure-11 showing the top view to the condenser cells, and in Figure-12 the perspective bottom view of the condenser and the cycle fluid exit pipe (50), in Figure-13 the cross section of condenser cells and the fan motor (51) and its fans (52) are shown.

Claims

1- The invention relates to a heat energy conversion system which collects idle heat energies in natural environments such as the sun, sea, the air, mountains and plains and stores and converts them into uninterrupted electrical energy, characterized in that; it collects the heat energy of the sun on the plains, sunny slopes and all locations with all kinds of collectors, preferably in a quantity of a number of times more than the daily requirement, keeps the collected heat energies in anti-freeze water tanks with long term insulation, uses the thermodynamic cycle fluid (20) with a suitably high vapor pressure even at low temperatures, comprising a height or a depth to be able to obtained a hydraulic pressure and a hydraulic head in the descent pipe (21-26) with the liquid column of the cycle fluid, comprising fanned condenser (17) and heat insulated anti-freeze fluid tanks (19) to collect and store the coolness of the night at the high elevation, comprising the pipe (31 ,34) which re-connect the cycle fluid or the gas at the exit of the hydraulic engine to the vapor tank (23) for a reversible cycle, comprising the tank (7) which evaporates the cycle fluid, at least one exchanger which transfers the stored heat energy to the cycle fluid (20), the large diameter vapor pipe (10) which withstands vapor pressure and raises the vapor (11) from the evaporation tank (7) to high elevations, manometer (35-36-38) pressure, temperature etc. measurement and safety equipment, at least two heat exchangers (13,23) which provide for the heat reclamation to obtain the cycle efficiency from the hot vapor which as risen to the high elevations, and heat insulated pipe installations (14,15,44), condenser (17) which rapidly liquefies the vapor, the cycle fluid tank (23) which stores the cycle fluid which has condensed at the high elevation, heat insulated pipe (21 ,26) which withstands high pressure and transfers the pressurized cycle fluid from the top to the hydraulic engine, The hydraulic engine (27) which generates mechanical energy from the high pressure of the cycle fluid, and an electrical generator (29) which converts the mechanical energy of the hydraulic engine (27) by returning it and completing the reversible cycle.

2- The system according to Claim-1 , characterized in that; salt gradient solar pools are utilized both for capturing the heat energy of the sun and for storing for a long period of time.

3- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for capturing the heat energy from the sun simple planar or vacuum tube solar heat collectors are utilized. .

4- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it generates electrical energy from the heat energies of geothermal waters as the heat energy. 5- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the heat energy of the sun as a long term chemical energy at ambient temperature, accumulators with salt hydrates are utilized.

6- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the heat energy of the sun as a long term latent heat, PCM phase changing materials such as paraffin are utilized.

7- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the heat energy of the sun, insulated polyester or concrete pools filled with gravel or anti-freeze water are utilized.

8- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the collected solar heat, insulated polyester or concrete pools filled with gravel or anti-freeze water are utilized.

9- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the nighttime coolness as the cold source, polyester or concrete tanks are utilized with heat insulation and filled with anti-freeze water from cool environments at high elevations, in the mountains, hills or towers.

10- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for storing the hot or cold heat energy it comprises fanned system which utilizes air as the heat storage and transfer fluid as well, instead of liquid in heat insulated pools filled with gravel.

11- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises at least two exchangers which transfer the stored solar heat to the cycle fluid in the vapor tank.

12- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; in order to provide hydraulic head for the cycle fluid and create an elevation difference it utilizes mountains, hills, canyons, high towers and sea depth and mine beds.

13- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; as natural heat sources have different temperatures it utilizes the air, rivers, seas, lakes and the underground.

14- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; as the heat energy source, non-renewable natural gas, coal, wood, nuclear, petroleum products, biomass, hydrogen etc. can also be utilized. 15- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it utilizes at least two long pipes withstanding appropriate pressures, both of which are heat insulated and preferably buried underground, with a large diameter for the vapor pipe (10) and a small diameter for the cycle fluid return pipe (21 ,26).

16- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for all heat transfers to the cycle fluid, with which the hot and the cold source heat energy is stored, all kinds of heat exchangers, equipment, systems, and circulation motors of appropriate capacities are utilized.

17- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; for the adequate reserve of hydraulic potential to the tanks at high elevations it comprises at least one tank which can store large quantities of thermodynamic cycle fluid (20) under heat insulation.

18- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises at least two hydraulic engine (27) and generator (29) groups with equal power rating to be beck-up and selected to have the suitable pressure and power ratings and having appropriate flow rate-cycle regulators

19- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it utilizes an adequate quantity of thermodynamic cycle fluid (20) having and high liquid density, low evaporation temperature, with evaporation and condensation under practicable pressures, chemically non-decomposing, non-flammable, non-toxic and non-reacting with metals, having a long life, which is inexpensive and easy to obtain.

20- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises two exchangers (13), pipes, circulation motor and suitable heat transfer fluid at least all of which are heat insulated for the heat reclamation into the system from the elevated hot vapor before the condenser (17) to improve the thermal efficiency.

21- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises at least three manometers and thermometers and pressure safety cocks and valves each for the vapor (11), fluid (20) pressures for the thermodynamic closed cycle.

22- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises the cycle fluid tank (23) which can store a great quantity of cycle fluid which liquefies at the high elevation in the condenser.

23- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; in order to improve the thermal efficiency at the bottom it comprises at least two exchanger circulation pump and insulated pipes and equipment for the pre-heating, evaporation and final heating processes.

24- The system according to any one or a number of the preceding Claims, characterized in that; it comprises the condenser funnel with conical mouth and rotary head that provides the rapid condensation of the thermodynamic cycle vapor by creating vacuum from the wind.