BR102019020092A2 - production of mechanical and / or electrical energy from thermal energy, by means of, and using, the buoyancy factor, in evaporation or sublimation and condensation - Google Patents

Abstract

production of mechanical and / or electrical energy from thermal energy by means of, and with the use of the buoyancy factor, in evaporation or sublimation and condensation there are several sources of thermal energy. among the various sources, solar energy, waste heat from waste, waste heat from transformers, waste heat from chemical reactions, waste heat from installations and machines, geothermal heat, or the vast existing thermal energy in the seas and oceans, they are some of the main sources, which are free and are not being used. in addition, thermal energy can also be produced from fuels such as fossil fuels, hydrogen gas, forest products, etc. a lot of thermal energy is being wasted, and although it is converted into mechanical or electrical energy, it is not as efficient . however, using the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation caused by the temperature difference, and using the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of energy production, thermal energy can be converted one hundred percent into mechanical or electrical energy. moreover, the thermal energy obtained from the hydrolysis of some chemicals, such as salts or hydroxides, and their dehydration for reuse, or the heat stored as latent heat during the melting of salts, can be used for large energy storage for a few months or more, and be used using the method of this invention. the energy contained in the water under the oceans during the winter can easily be used to produce an enormous amount of energy, when there are very low (freezing) temperatures on the earth's surface.

Description

PRODUCTION OF MECHANICAL AND / OR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM THERMAL ENERGY, THROUGH, AND WITH THE USE OF, FLOATABILITY FACTOR, IN EVAPORATION OR SUBLIMATION AND CONDENSATION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001] The invention is related to the generation of mechanical or electrical energy from thermal energy, including solar energy or thermal energy present in ocean water, through the evaporation / sublimation and condensation cycle caused by the difference in temperatures of liquids (or even solids or gases), based on the adjustable temperatures in a closed environment and the use of the buoyancy factor to increase the efficiency of energy production.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] Thermal energy has been used for a long time. From the beginning, with the steam engine, until the latest diesel engine, thermal energy has been converted into mechanical or electrical energy. There are internal and external combustion engines. The steam engine is the external combustion engine and the diesel and gasoline engines are internal combustion engines. In internal combustion engines, the thermal energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical or electrical energy, according to the laws of thermodynamics, which considers the relationships between temperature, pressure and volume. However, in the external combustion engine, steam is generated and used to drive a turbine or to develop the Rankine cycle. Coal, or another heat source, is used to generate steam, including solar energy.

[003] In some conversions of thermal energy to electrical or mechanical energy, external thermal energy is used as described below.

[004] According to U.S. patent 9297366B2, ions generated through photovoltaic energy are transferred from a high concentration to a low concentration of vapor and reverted through thermal energy, bringing the low concentration vapor back to the normal position.

[005] Likewise, in US patent 8794002B2, a working fluid is used as a heat exchanger, and areas of low and high pressure are created, through which the working fluid is directed from the high pressure side to the low pressure side and

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2/28 controlled in the work area, where it is converted into mechanical energy.

[006] According to U.S. patent 8011182B2, an energy generator uses gases and the gravitational force as efficiently as the fluctuating force acting on a device in a natural or artificial liquid medium, and converts these forces into mechanical energy. The energy generator includes methods for a plurality of containers of variable density, having weights and being uniquely configured, to rise and fall in a mainly vertical plane, activating one or more chains, belts or means of transport with toothed wheels or rotating pulleys in horizontally aligned axes, in a mainly vertical arrangement of such apparatus.

[007] A solar panel only captures and converts sunlight energy into electrical energy, and requires storage in the form of batteries during hours when there is no sunlight, such as in cloudy weather or at night.

[008] All of these conversion methods have a theoretical efficiency of less than 65%, and practically much less.

[009] Most methods of converting thermal energy use high temperature. A gasoline and diesel engine makes the air exceed 2,000 degrees Celsius, and the fuel is completely consumed. Steam energy also requires steam to exceed about 600 degrees Celsius. Even in other conversion systems, high temperatures are preferred. Due to the high temperature requirement, thermal energy having mild temperatures, for example, below 10 degrees Celsius, cannot be used efficiently. [010] Therefore, there is a need for an invention or innovation in which thermal energy at low temperature can be used with high efficiency. There is a need that the vast solar energy can be used at a lower cost. There is a need for easy energy storage to be made and converted to electrical energy as needed. There is a need for renewable solar energy to be used as far as possible. It is necessary to face the future energy crisis. There is a need to find energy requirements according to the fintech system (financial technology) that can be equal to or greater than those related to the energy that the whole world is using today. It is necessary that wasted energy and waste can be used. There is a need for clean energy to be

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3/28 highly adopted, replacing dirty energy. It is necessary to harness solar energy to reduce global warming. There is a need for abundant solar or geothermal energy to be used to resolve energy crises. There is a need for the thermal energy present in the seas and oceans to be exploited during the winter, where temperatures on the surface are very low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [011] The generation of mechanical or electrical energy from thermal energy through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation is described, together with the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of energy production, in that the vapor obtained through a liquid that has boiled, or a solid that has been sublimated, or a gas that has been pressurized, is allowed to enter thermal energy at the temperature required for evaporation, boiling or sublimation, to rise in a higher level in a liquid, so that, due to buoyancy, the gas is accelerated upwards and the energy obtained is increased, as the steam rises to the height at which the turbine is kept immersed in the liquid, with the gas passing through the turbine and the steam being condensed by the help of the liquid kept in the condenser, whose temperature, under normal conditions, does not exceed the boiling point / sublimation of the liquid (or solid) inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed, or does not exceed the temperature of the steam that boiled, was evaporated or sublimated, and condensed, by any other possible means.

[012] As the vapor rises through the liquid, in the liquid chamber, it accelerates in an upward direction and then rotates the turbine immersed in the liquid, generating an energy equal to the weight of the liquid equivalent to the volume of the gas that passes through the turbine multiplied by the height of the turbine. In addition, energy is also added during the process of steam flow from the evaporation medium to the condensation medium, in the turbine maintained in the steam medium.

[013] Any prevailing temperature differences, of a few degrees, can be easily used, even at low temperatures (for example, around zero degrees and -10 degrees Celsius, or less), and be generated, which is increased by buoyancy factor. Due to the work of technology, even at low temperatures, it can

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4/28 an easy storage medium, such as salts and hydroxides (eg, NAOH), where thermal energy is stored during dehydration, and obtained by hydration or latent heat from stored salts, during the fusion, or obtained from the water below the ocean that is above 0 degrees Celsius, where the surface temperature, which is freezing during the winter, acts as a natural storage. In addition, hot water sources, natural or not, can also be used as a source of thermal energy storage.

ADVANTAGE EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION [014] The invention can convert low temperature thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy. It can convert more than 100% of the thermal energy that goes into the outlet, without spending on extra material or energy. It can take advantage of the vast thermal energy of the sun with ease, using simple low-cost technology, which has become the key point of its use. The invention can have an easy storage mechanism, where it is possible to store a lot of energy and use it when necessary. With this technology, you can store hundreds of megawatts for months or more, easily and at low cost. Such low outlet temperature storage provided by chemicals (for example, by hydrating and dehydrating salt or hydroxides, etc.) can be transported without losing the stored energy. Waste that can provide thermal energy can be better used. As solar energy is renewable and clean energy, an enormous amount of energy can be better used and stored, thus reducing the consumption of dirty energy and also that of global energy. Finally, the invention helps to solve the future energy crisis as far as possible. The vast energy located in the ocean, where the temperature below water is above 0 degrees Celsius and the surface temperature is freezing during the winter, can be better used to generate electricity, which has never been possible before.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

- Fig. 1 is an example of a way of incorporating multiple towers to implement the process of generating mechanical and electrical energy from thermal energy, using daytime sunlight and a storage system for night / absence of sunlight / winter;

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- Fig. 2 is an example of a way of incorporating a single tower to implement a process for generating mechanical and electrical energy from thermal energy, using only daytime solar energy;

- Fig. 3 is an example of a way of incorporating multiple towers to implement the process of generating mechanical and electrical energy from thermal energy, using only daytime solar energy;

- Fig. 4 is an example of a way of incorporating multiple towers to implement the process of generating mechanical and electrical energy from thermal energy, in frozen lakes / seas / oceans, especially during the winter (day and night);

- Fig. 5 is an example of a way of incorporating multiple towers to implement the process of generating mechanical and electrical energy from thermal energy, in hot water areas (day / night, and in any season of the year when hot water is available) available).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [015] The invention uses the following parts / items:

- Surface / flat containers 1;

- Liquid chamber 2, 3, 4;

- Gas chamber 5, 6, 7;

- Liquid turbine 8, 9,10;

- Gas turbine 11;

- Axis 12;

- Generator 13;

- Tower 14;

- Steam outlet tube 15;

- Liquid inlet tube 16;

- Condenser inlet tube 17;

- Condenser outlet tube 18;

- Water inlet tube 19;

- Water outlet tube 20;

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-Water pipe 21;

- Hot water circulation tube 22;

- Liquid re-entry section 23;

- Ring 24, 25;

- Steam-liquid phase valve 26;

- Chamber valves 27, 28;

- Liquid inlet valve 29;

- Liquid outlet valve 30;

- Condenser 31;

- Cylinder 32;

-Multiple tubes 33;

- Impeller 34;

- Chemical storage tank 35;

- Heat generation tank 36;

- Engines 37, 38, 39;

- Hot water tank 40;

- Water heater 41;

- Water tank 42;

- Dehydration containers 43.

[016] Figure 1 shows the parts described. The other figures (Figs. 1 to 5), similar to each other, show only the differences.

[017] Surface / flat containers 1 are those in which heating is necessary for evaporation or sublimation. They are generally made in a flat format so that the heat from the sun or hot water from the heat storage medium, or when immersed in the ocean, affects the largest surface area. The shape of the containers, however, can be changed according to the heat source applied. There is liquid inside the surface containers. The surface containers 1 are maintained so that they can be heated. Thus, for solar energy, they are kept facing the sunlight (figs. 1, 2, 3). For energy from ocean or lake water, they are immersed in the water below the surface of the ice,

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7/28 in case the upper surface is frozen (figs. 4, 5). If the source of thermal energy used can create a high temperature, then a comparatively small surface area will also work, for example by heating with hydrogen gas, natural gas or other fuels, etc. The containers are connected to the liquid chamber 2 via the tube 15 and the vapor-liquid phase valve 26. The liquid present in the chambers may be the same or different from that inside the containers. For liquids in containers 1 that are not soluble in water, such as pentene, butane etc., water can be used as a liquid in the liquid chambers separated by valve, however the liquid chambers must contain a liquid to obtain buoyancy.

[018] At the top of the chamber there is a liquid turbine 8, which is also immersed in the liquid. Most of the top of the chamber is connected to the gas chamber 5. In the case of multiple chambers (figs. 1, 3, 4, 5), the gas chamber 5 is connected to the liquid chamber 3 via a valve 27. There is a turbine 9 at the top of the chamber 3. The liquid chamber 3 is connected to the next gas chamber 6, which in turn is connected to the liquid chamber 4 via a valve 28. As mentioned, there is a turbine 10 at the top of the liquid chamber 4. The liquid chamber 4 is finally connected to the gas chamber 7. Although a series of liquid and gas chambers can be added, depending on the temperature of the liquid in the liquid chambers and the temperature of the vapor (ie ie, liquid at boiling point), in this description only three chambers will be considered.

[019] All turbines 8, 9, 10 are connected to axis 12, and axis 12 is connected to generator 13. The axis and chambers are all supported by tower 14. At the bottom of gas chamber 7 there is a section liquid re-entry 23. Just above the liquid re-entry section 23, a subsequent gas turbine 11 is present, through which gas flows to condenser 31 through cylinder 32. There is a gas turbine 11 also connected to the shaft 12, and two valves 29 and 30 and a washer 25 in the liquid re-entry section 23. Tubes 17 and 18 are inlet and outlet tubes connected to condenser 31, respectively. Washers 24 and 25 are joined with the same tubes downstream and upstream of the flow. Above the washer 24 and below the turbine 11 in the gas chamber 7, there is an impeller 34 connected to an external circuit.

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8/28 [020] Condenser 31, connected to gas chamber 7 (or 5 in fig. 2) through cylinder 32 and the condenser in tube 17, contains a cooling liquid, usually water, with multiple tubes 33 acting as an interface between steam and coolant. The multiple tubes in the condenser 31 are finally connected to the liquid re-entry section 23 via a condenser outlet tube 18. The liquid re-entry section 23 is finally connected to the surface containers 1 via the tube 16.

[021] Axis 12 is the one that is connected to generator 13, converting the rotational mechanical energy of the turbine / axis into electrical energy.

[022] In addition, for the production of electricity without the use of sunlight, hot water obtained from chemicals is used, such as by hydrating NAOH, melting salt or other means, as illustrated in fig. 1. The dehydrated salt or hydroxide is placed in the chemical storage tank 35, which is connected to the heat generation tank 36 aided by the engine 37. The water tube 21 of the water tank 42 is also connected to the water tank heat generation 36 aided by the engine 38. The heat generation tank 36 is surrounded by the hot water tank 40. The hot water circulation tube 22, coming from the hot water tank 40, is connected to each of the water containers surfaces / planes 1, below, through the engine 39. The heat generating tank 36 is connected to the water heater 41 which contains the water tank 42, as mentioned above. The water heater 41 is finally connected to the dehydration containers 43. The dehydration containers are simple containers having their surface with a larger area covered by a transparent medium, such as glass, plastic, etc., where the hydrated salts or hydroxides are evaporated by direct sunlight to store the heat from sunlight. The dehydrated salts or hydroxides of the containers 43 are kept for longer storage, or are reused by transferring these salts or hydroxides to the storage tank 35.

[023] In addition, when the heat of lakes, seas or oceans having a surface layer frozen during winter should be used, as indicated in fig. 4, or the heat from hot water sources, such as hot springs etc., should be used,

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9/28 as in fig. 5, surface / flat containers 1 are immersed in lakes, seas or oceans. As shown in figs. 2 or 3, the containers immersed in the water are also connected to the liquid inlet tube 16 of the liquid re-entry section 23, and the tube 15 is connected to the liquid chamber via the vapor-liquid phase valve 26.

[024] According to the invention, the liquid (or solid, or gas) is placed in the surface / flat containers 1, completely closed, and can boil (or sublimation, or pressurize) in the presence of heat. Containers 1 can be heated by direct sunlight (figs. 1, 2, 3) or by other means, such as heated water (fig. 1), or be immersed in lakes or oceans (figs. 4, 5), or yet from other sources such as hydrogen gas, natural gas, fossil fuels, waste, etc. However, with the use of sources that can provide high temperatures, containers 1 will not need a surface having a larger area. When the liquid boils (or the solid is sublimated, or the gas is pressurized), the steam passes through the tube 15 to the liquid chamber 2 through the vapor-liquid phase valve 26. The liquid chamber 2 is substantial completely filled with the same liquid or another liquid, as mentioned. At the top of the liquid chamber there is a turbine, called liquid turbine 8, which is immersed in liquid. With the upward flow of liquid vapor, the liquid turbine 8 rotates. The thus rotated turbine rotates the shaft 12. The axis thus rotated in turn rotates the generator 13 supported by the tower 14, which generates electricity.

[025] On the other hand, from the liquid chamber 2 the steam goes to the top of the liquid chamber 2 above the turbine 8, and reaches the gas chamber 5. In figs. 1, 3, 4 or 5, as the pressure of the gas in the gas chamber 5 increases and exceeds the weight of the liquid in the liquid chamber 3, in the gas-liquid section, the gas passes into the liquid chamber 3 through valve 27. At the top of the liquid chamber 3, the turbine 9 rotates with the turbine 8 and the steam is passed to the gas chamber 6. Again, when the pressure in the gas chamber 6 exceeds the weight of the liquid in the gas-liquid, the gas enters another liquid chamber 4 through valve 28. At the top of the liquid chamber 4, the steam turns the turbine 10, and then the gas enters the gas chamber 7. The series of liquid chambers

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10/28 and gas chambers can be increased further. In this way, the gas (steam) passes to the last gas chamber (here, gas chamber 7).

[026] In the gas chamber 7, the steam pressure increases with time. The steam with increased pressure passes to the condenser through the gas turbine 11 and the cylinder 32. The gas passes to the condenser 31 through the cylinder 32, to control the pressure, the size of which depends on the temperature of the incoming energy and the rate of condensation. For less condensation and greater evaporation, a larger cylinder is required. For example, if high temperature thermal energy, such as that coming from hydrogen gas or other means, is applied to the operating liquid, such as dichloromethane with a boiling point of 39.6 degrees Celsius, the pressure may increase rapidly, depending on the capacitor capacity. Therefore, the cylinder may retain steam for some time before condensation. The gas turbine 11 is also connected to the axis 12, which generates electricity when it spins. Now the gas passes to the condenser 31. In the condenser 31, the gas enters the multiple tubes 33 through the tube

17. The multiple tubes act as a means of interconnecting the steam and the liquid in the condenser 31, serving to increase the surface area of the vapor in contact with the external liquid at low temperature (usually water or other liquids or gases, based on at the required temperature) in the condenser 31. The temperature of the water (or other liquid or gas) in the condenser 31 is lower than the temperature of the steam in the multiple tubes 33. Therefore, the vapor condenses, transferring heat to the water (or other liquids) in the condenser 31.

[027] Finally, the condensed vapor in liquid form (or solid, or dense gas, depending on the nature of the material to be evaporated, sublimated or pressurized within the surface / flat containers 1) in the multiple tubes 33 of the condenser moves to the liquid re-entry section 23, via condenser outlet tube 18 and liquid inlet valve 29. When the weight of condensed liquid in liquid re-entry section 23 and condenser outlet tube 18, held in an upright position , is greater than the weight of the washers, the pressure on the washer 24 pushes the washer 25, together with the washer 24, gradually upwards. As washer 24 is being pushed up gradually to impeller 34, the weight of the liquid

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11/28 condensate in the outlet tube 18 of the condenser 31 increases, and the washer continues to be pushed up to the impeller switching part, which, when touched by the washer 24, initiates the flow of electricity to the impeller motor connected to the external circuit. The impeller pushes down washer 24 together with washer 25, and expels the liquid in section 23 outward. When the impeller pushes the washer 24 to the minimum level, the power switching to the impeller motor is switched off, and the impeller stops pushing. The washers gradually rise again, as before, due to the increase in weight of the condensed liquid in the vertical liquid outlet tube 18 that enters section 23. Thus, there is an up and down movement of both washers 24 and 25, with the continuous flow of the condensed liquid accumulated in the liquid re-entry section 23, out to the tube 16 through the valve 30, and then to the surface containers 1. The condensed vapor can be re-inserted into the containers by applying a outboard motor.

[028] In this way, as long as there is a heat supply for containers 1, there will be continuous evaporation and condensation, and the system will generate electricity through the generator.

13. The mechanical or electrical energy produced due to the evaporation and condensation process is greatly increased using the buoyancy factor, which depends on the height of the tower chamber, that is, the height at which the gases rise in the liquid. The gas can be raised to a very high height in a liquid chamber, or raised several times to a small height while maintaining different liquid-gas chambers between the evaporation and condensation processes.

[029] Here, the buoyancy factor is used to increase efficiency. With the buoyancy factor, if anything lighter than the liquid in which it is immersed is allowed to move freely, it moves upward with a force equal to the mass of the liquid displaced by the free floating material. The free floating material is the vapor produced during evaporation. The thermal energy in the containers evaporates the liquid in these containers, depending on the intensity of the thermal energy, the surface area, the boiling point of the liquid, the mass of the liquid and the enthalpy of vaporization of the liquid. The vapor acts as the immersed material having a lower density than the liquid. There is an upward flow of steam to the top of the liquid chamber (s).

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Here, the rising steam carries energy, depending on the weight of the displaced liquid and the height of the turbine. The higher the height of the turbine, the more the steam accelerates in the upward direction, due to the continuous upward force, called the buoyancy force, which is acting on the steam.

[030] The system is capable of generating excess energy using the buoyancy factor, because of the difference between the volume of incoming matter at the lower level and the volume of matter that rises due to external thermal energy. Most buoyancy / gravity mechanisms fail because the energy obtained from rising low density matter in the liquid must also be used to insert the matter into the bottom of the liquid, in order to make the rise continuous. Or, in other words, the energy acquired is equal to the loss of energy. For example, in a liquid of density 'd' and height 'h', a low density matter having weight 'w' and volume 'ν' is inserted at the bottom. It accelerates in an upward direction due to the buoyant force, and the energy obtained is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced to the height of the liquid minus the weight of the matter that has risen. The gravitational pull pulls matter down.

[031] So:

Energy obtained = [(vxd) χ g χ h] - wxh (i) [Energy = mass of displaced liquid χ acceleration due to gravity χ height] and [Mass = volume χ density] [032] Again, when the same matter is inserted from the lowest level to continue the process, there is energy input, which is energy loss. This incoming energy is the energy obtained from the matter that falls from the high height minus the energy spent at the entrance due to the change in the volume of all the liquid at the top, when the same matter is placed at the same pressure as the liquid at the bottom. Or, the pressure change at the bottom due to the increase in volume at the top. The loss of energy is also the same.

Energy loss = - [(Ρ χ v) - w χ h] [Energy in volume change = Pressure χ change in liquid volume =

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13/28 = change in pressure due to the rise of the liquid then at the previous height χ volume of matter] [033] It is known that:

Pressure = force / area = = weight of the displaced liquid / area of the displaced liquid for a given structure = = (v x d) x g / a [034] Therefore:

loss of energy = [(v χ d) χ g / a] χ v [Here, height (h) = volume (v) / area (a)] [035] Then again:

Loss of energy = - {[(v xd) xgxh] -wxh} (ii) [036] So:

energy obtained = loss of energy (i) and (ii) [037] However, in the system of the invention, the inlet material at the bottom is a liquid with less density, which is converted into steam by external thermal energy before allowing let him go up. Now, the steam having the same mass at the entrance, but having a density several times lower, or greater volume, is forced to rise to a certain height obtaining increased energy due to buoyancy. The energy increases due to the difference between the volume of the incoming matter (condensed liquid) and the volume of the rising matter (evaporated vapor). This increase in energy corresponds to the volume of steam that is allowed to rise equal to 'n' times the volume of condensed liquid entering the bottom.

[038] In the above equation, assuming the volume of vapor is 'n' times the volume of liquid, then:

Energy obtained (by increasing the steam) = (η χ v χ d) χ g χ h (iii) [039] The volume of vapor is n times the volume of liquid with the same mass, or:

n = Vv / VI = Dl / Dv [that is, density of the liquid made vapor]

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14/28 [040] As the vapor is converted to liquid before entering, then:

Energy loss (at liquid inlet) = ΔΡ x v = = [(v x d x g) / a] x v = = [vxdxgx h]

Energy obtained / energy loss = [(η χ v χ d χ g χ h) / (v χ d χ g χ h)] = n

Net energy obtained = [vxgxdxh] x (n-l)

Net power = {(v χ d) χ g χ h] χ (η -1)} / 1 [041] Here, the multiplication of volume and density is the mass which, when multiplied by acceleration due to gravity, is the weight, and so:

Net energy = w χ h (η -1)

Net power = wxh (nl) / t [042] Where t is the time required for the conversion of the liquid into vapor together with the rise of the vapor to a certain height, or conversion of the vapor into liquid and entry of liquid, whichever occurs first.

[043] Thus, the energy obtained is the number of times the volume of vapor is greater than the volume of liquid. However, if two different liquids are used, the density of both liquids affects the outlet. The steam travels multiple times, from the liquid inlet, at the time the turbine is maintained. The energy that rotates the turbine can thus be calculated by the weight of the displaced mass and the height at which the turbine is located. Or, in other words, the potential energy of the liquid displaced at the height of the turbine due to steam, minus the potential energy of the liquid displaced at that time at the inlet of condensed liquid, is the total energy produced.

Energy generated by the liquid in the turbine (El) = weight of the displaced liquid (W) χ height of the turbine (Η) x (density ratio between vapor and liquid -1) [044] This is given by:

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Liquid energy (El) = energy generated - energy loss = = [wxh] x [(Dl / Dv) -1] [045] Here, the weight of the liquid that is converted to vapor depends on the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid, the rate of energy incurred per unit of time and area, the surface area of the evaporation vessels, the acceleration due to gravity, the density of the liquid and the density of the vapor.

[046] Now, the weight of the liquid displaced in the evaporation is calculated as follows:

Incidence rate of energy in the container (Ef) x Surface area (A) x Time (T) x

W = x (Density of liquid) χ g

Latent heat of vaporization of the liquid (Lv) χ (Density of vapor) [047] The weight of the liquid displaced at the entrance of the condensed vapor, considering the same rate of condensation, is given by:

Incidence rate of energy in the container (Ef) χ Surface area (A) χ Time (T) χ g

W = _______________________________________________________

Latent heat of vaporization of the liquid (Lv) [048] So:

El = [(Ef / Lv) χ AxT] xgx Η χ [(Dl / DV)] - [(Ef / Lv) x AxT] xgx H [Ef χ A χ T] xg χ Η x [(Dl / Dv) -1]

El = __________________________________

Lv [049] In addition, the vapor is condensed by external energy and is introduced into the system with a smaller volume but with a higher density than the vapor phase. During condensation it is also possible to obtain some energy due to changes in pressure. Because of the condensation, the steam passes from the steam chamber to the condenser, and this flow of steam also generates some energy.

[050] The energy generated due to the change in the volume of the gas in the gas chamber, through

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16/28 of the gas turbine, can be calculated as the work done due to the change in volume.

[051] If E2 is the energy generated during time T by condensing the volume V of gas at pressure P, then the energy generated can be calculated as:

Energy generated in the gas turbine (E2) = Change in volume x pressure = = AV x P = [Ef x A x T] x [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl)] x P

Lv [Condensation rate = Evaporation rate] [052] The total energy generated is given by:

(TE) = E + E2 [EfxAxT] xgxH [(Dl / Dv) - 1] [Ef x A x Ί] [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl)] x P

Total Energy (TE) = __________________________________ + _____________________________________

Lv Lv = [(Ef / Lv) x A x T] xgx H x [(Dl / Dv) - 1] + [(Ef / Lv) x A x T] [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl) ] x P [053] The power is determined as described below:

Total Energy (TE)

Power (P) = _____________________

Time (T) [Ef x A x I] x g x H [(Dl / Dv) - 1] [Ef x A x T | [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl)] x P = ______________________________ + ____________________________

Lv x T Lv x T = [(Ef / Lv) XA] X g X Η X [(Dl / Dv) -1] + [(Ef / Lv) x A] [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl )] x P [054] The energy efficiency of the system is given by:

Efficiency = (Output energy / Input energy) χ 100% [(Ef / Lv) xAxT] xgxH [(Dl / Dv) - 1] + [(Ef / Lv) x A x T] [(1 / Dv) - (1 / Dl)] x D x 100%

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Ef χ Α χ T [g χ H] [(DI / Dv) -1] + [P] [(1 / Dv) - (1 / DI)] = ______________________________________ χ 100%

Lv [055] The normal pressure is maintained in the condensation chamber, therefore placing P = 101.325 N / m ^{2 and} g = 9.8 m / s ² :

9.8 H [(Dl - Dv) / Dv] + 101.325 (Dl - Dv) / (Dl χ Dv)

Efficiency = ------------------------------------------------ ------ χ 100%

Lv [Dl - 1] χ [9.8 H + 101.325 / Dl] = ________ ___________________ χ 100%

Dv Lv [056] The efficiency of the system can be increased by increasing the total output, that is, the energy generated for a given input. For a given liquid, all factors in total energy or efficiency cannot be changed, except height.

[057] Thus, the efficiency of the energy generated is directly related to the height of the tower chamber to which the steam flows from the bottom. Therefore, if the height is increased to the extent necessary, efficiency can be increased by more than 100%.

[058] In addition, efficiency is always positive because the density of the liquid is always greater than the density of the vapor. Therefore, the system works because of the difference in volume of a given mass in the vapor and liquid phases, being highly supported by the height increase.

[059] However, as the height increases, the pressure at the bottom increases. Increasing the pressure at the bottom of the chamber decreases the volume of the steam. Due to the decrease in the volume of vapor, the buoyancy force decreases below and gradually increases as it accelerates upwards. Thus, the buoyancy force gradually increases, causing a meta-acceleration.

[060] For the purpose of the invention, one can take into account the average volume of steam to consider the mass of liquid displaced.

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18/28

Bottom pressure (P2) = [Weight / area] + PI [area x height x density χ acceleration due to gravity] = ____________________________________________________ + PI

Area = [height χ density x g] + PI

Volume at the bottom (Vb) = (PI χ Vt) / P2

PI x Vt = __________________ + PI (Dl χ Η χ g) + PI

PI χ [Ef / Lv χ A χ T] / Dv [(Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl]

Top volume (Vt) = [Ef / Lv χ A χ T] / Dv

Average volume (Va) = (Vb + Vt) / 2

Pl x [Ef / Lv χ A χ T] / Dv ___________________________ + [Ef / Lv χ A x T | / Dv = (Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl [Ef / Lv χ A χ T | / Dv χ [Pl / [(Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl] + 1] = [Ef / Lv χ A χ T] / 2Dv χ [Pl + (Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl] / [(Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl] [Ef / Lv χ A χ T] [(Dl χ Η χ g) + 2P1]

2Dv [(Dl χ Η χ g) + Pl]

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Vt χ [P2 + Pl]

2 [P2]

Vt Vt Pl = ____ + ______

2P2 [061] Although the average volume decreases with increasing pressure, it always remains more than half.

[062] Here, PI is the atmospheric pressure and Vt is also the volume of a certain mass in atmospheric pressure, so both are constant for a given input. However, P2 increases with increasing height. Therefore, the average volume decreases with increasing height, thus increasing the vapor density (Dv).

[063] The decrease in the average volume with increasing height will cause a reduction in electricity generation and system efficiency.

Dv = m / Vt [064] The new density is given by:

Dv2 = m / Va = m / [Vt / 2 + Vt / 2 (Pl / P2)] = m / [Vt / 2 (1 + Pl / P2)] = m / {Vt / 2 + Vt / 2 [Pl / ((Dl * H * g) + Pl)]} [065] Thus, there is an increase in vapor density, but the density never increases more than twice.

[066] As with atmospheric pressure Pl, the volume Vt of mass m is constant. [067] The new efficiency is given by:

[Dl - 1] [9.8 H + 101.325 / Dl] = ________ x ____________________x 100%

Dv2 Lv

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20/28 [Vv2 - 1] [9.8 Η + 101.325 / Dl] = ________ χ ____________________ χ 100%

VI Lv [068] The new density can increase up to twice the previous density, or the average volume of steam can increase up to half the volume with which, at the top, efficiency can drop 50% compared to the previous one, with steam at the top and bottom being considered the same. Even so, efficiency can still be above 100% with increasing height. This height can be reached before the critical temperature and pressure of the vapor from the evaporated and / or sublimated and / or pressurized gas is reached.

EFFECT OF PRESSURE WITH INCREASED HEIGHT ON LATENT VAPORIZATION HEAT [069] With increasing pressures, the vapor density increases and, at critical pressure, the boiling point will be the temperature at which the latent heat of vaporization is zero.

[070] Therefore, with increasing pressure, the boiling point increases, but the latent heat of vaporization decreases.

[071] The increase in height has the benefit of increasing the pressure of the boiling liquid in the container. The pressure increase thus reduces the latent heat of vaporization, which increases efficiency.

[072] As more masses are converted to a gaseous state, with the same heat reaching the surface with increasing height, the mass of the liquid at that time, having a volume equivalent to the volume of the gas evaporated from the liquid in the container, increases. Thus, with height increase, efficiency increases and exceeds 100%. However, the increase is not infinite, but limited to the critical temperature and pressure of the liquid that is converted to steam by the use of thermal energy.

[073] The efficiency of the pentane liquid can be seen in the table attached below:

Feature Calculated Units Number Height (m) Liquid pressure in the container (N / m ² ) Boiling point (effect on temperature) Wattage Efficiency Liquid pressure at the bottom of the liquid chamber Volume at the bottom Volume at the top Liquid density 626.00 kg / m ³ 0 1 101344,23 36.11 9.06 1% 111125.00 0.00843 0.00092

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21/28

Feature Calculated Units Number Height (m) Liquid pressure in the container (N / m ² ) Boiling point (effect on temperature) Wattage Efficiency Liquid pressure at the bottom of the liquid chamber Volume at the bottom Volume at the top Water density 1000.00 kg / m ³ 1 10 101517,33 36.16 90.62 13% 199325.00 0.000470 0.00092 Gas density 2.21 kg / m ³ 2 20 101709.65 36.22 181.24 26% 297325.00 0.000315 0.00092 Latent heat of vaporization 343.32 kj / kg 3 30 101901.98 36.27 271.86 39% 395325.00 0.000237 0.00092 Specific heat capacity 167.19 J / mk 4 40 102094.30 36.33 362.48 52% 493325.00 0.000190 0.00092 Steel thermal constant 36.00 W / mK 5 50 102286.63 36.39 453.10 65% 591325.00 0.000158 0.00092 Thickness 0.00 m 6 60 102478.95 36.45 543.71 78% 689325.00 0.000136 0.00092 Boiling point 36.10 ° C 7 70 102671.28 36.51 634.33 91% 787325.00 0.000119 0.00092 Flow rate 2.04 g / s 8 80 102863.60 36.56 724.95 104% 885325.00 0.000106 0.00092 Lightning 0.03 m 9 90 103055.93 36.62 815.57 117% 983325.00 0.000095 0.00092 Room temperature 20.00 ° C 10 100 103248.25 36.68 906.19 129% 1081325.00 0.000087 0.00092 Latent heat of vaporization 25.79 kJ / m 11 110 103440,58 36.74 996.81 142% 1179325.00 0.000079 0.00092 Rate of heat decrease 700.00 J / m ² 12 120 103632.90 36.80 1087.43 155% 1277325.00 0.000073 0.00092 Acceleration due to gravity g 9.80 m / s ² 13 130 103825.23 36.85 1178.05 168% 1375325.00 0.000068 0.00092 Atmospheric pressure p 101325.00 N / m ² 14 140 104017.55 36.91 1268.67 181% 3147325.00 0.000064 0.00092 Auto-ignition 405.00 ° C 15 150 104,209.88 36.97 1359.29 194% 1571325.00 0.000060 0.00092 Expansion limit 1.8 to 8.4 % 16 160 104402.20 37.02 1449.91 207% 1669325.00 0.000056 0.00092 Molar mass 75.12 g / mol 17 170 104594.53 37.08 1540.52 220% 1767325.00 0.000053 0.00092 Universal gas constant 8.31 18 180 104786.85 37.14 1631.14 233% 1865325.00 0.000050 0.00092 19 190 104979.18 37.20 1721.76 246% 1963325.00 0.000048 0.00092 Latent heat of vaporization 25.79 kj / mol 20 200 105171.50 37.25 1812.38 259% 2061325.00 0.000045 0.00092 Latent heat of vaporization 0.34 kJ / g 21 210 105363.83 37.31 1903.00 272% 2159325.00 0.000043 0.00092 Expulsion of liquid by the inlet motor 0.24 kg 22 220 105556.15 37.37 1993.62 285% 2257325.00 0.000042 0.00092

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22/28 (continuation of table)

Feature Average volume Wattage Efficiency Loss of power at liquid inlet Loss of power at liquid inlet Engine power required for every 2.5 min Net power Efficiency Adding gas turbine power Final total power Efficiency Time required in minutes Liquid density 0.0008839 8.66 1.24% 0.03 0.36 3.83 8.63 1.23% 93.69 102.32 15% 5.97 Water density 0.0006974 68.34 9.76% 0.32 0.65 38.30 68.02 9.72% 93.69 161.72 23% 5.99 Gas density 0.0006199 121.50 17.36% 0.64 0.97 76.61 120.86 17.27% 93.69 214.56 31% 6.02 Latent heat of vaporization 0.0005808 170.77 24.40% 0.96 1.29 114.91 169.81 24.26% 93.69 263.50 38% 6.04 Specific heat capacity 0.0005573 218.46 31.21% 1.28 1.61 153.21 217.19 31.04% 93.69 310.88 44% 6.06 Steel thermal constant 0.0005416 265.37 37.91% 1.60 1.93 191.52 263.77 37.68% 93.69 357.46 51% 6.08 Thickness 0.0005303 311.82 44.55% 1.92 2.25 229.82 309.90 44.27% 93.69 403.60 58% 6.10 Boiling point 0.0005218 357.98 51.14% 2.23 2.56 268.12 355.75 50.82% 93.69 449.44 64% 6.12 Flow rate 0.0005153 403.96 57.71% 2.55 2.88 306.43 401.41 57.34% 93.69 495.10 71% 6.14 Lightning 0.0005100 449.81 64.26% 2.87 3.20 344.73 446.93 63.85% 93.69 540.63 77% 6.17 Room temperature 0.0005057 495.55 70.79% 3.19 3.52 383.03 492.36 70.34% 93.69 586.05 84% 6.19 Latent heat of vaporization 0.0005021 541.23 77.32% 3.51 3.84 421.34 537.72 76.82% 93.69 631.41 90% 6.21 Rate of heat decrease 0.0004990 586.85 83.84% 3.83 4.16 459.64 583.01 83.29% 93.69 676.71 97% 6.23 Acceleration due to gravity g 0.0004964 632.42 90.35% 4.15 4.48 497.94 628.27 89.75% 93.69 721.96 103% 6.25 Atmospheric pressure p 0.0004941 677.96 96.85% 4.47 4.80 536.25 673.49 96.21% 93.69 767.18 110% 6.27 Auto-ignition 0.0004922 723.47 103.35% 4.79 5.12 574.55 718.68 102.67% 93.69 812.38 116% 6.29 Expansion limit 0.0004904 768.96 109.85% 5.11 5.44 612.85 763.85 109.12% 93.69 857.54 123% 6.31 Molar mass 0.0004888 814.42 116.35% 5.43 5.76 651.15 809.00 115.57% 93.69 902.69 129% 6.34 Universal gas constant 0.0004875 859.87 122.84% 5.75 6.08 689.46 854.13 122.02% 93.69 947.82 135% 6.36 0.0004862 905.31 129.33% 6.06 6.39 727.76 899.25 128.46% 93.69 992.94 142% 6.38 Latent heat of vaporization 0.0004851 950.74 135.82% 6.38 6.71 766.06 944.35 134.91% 93.69 1038.04 148% 6.40 Latent heat of vaporization 0.0004840 996.15 142.31% 6.70 7.03 804.37 989.45 141.35% 93.69 1083.14 155% 6.42 Expulsion of liquid by the inlet motor 0.0004831 1041.55 148.79% 7.02 7.35 842.67 1034.53 147.79% 93.69 1128.23 161% 6.44

EXAMPLES [074] For example, suppose an energy of 330 W is incurred per square meter. The surface area of the container [A] is 1 square meter, on which solar energy is focusing. Suppose the calculated time is one hour. The liquid is allowed to acquire a latent heat of vaporization of 323 kJ / kg. The density of the liquid is allowed to be 1323 kg / m ³ and the density of the vapor to be 2,114 kg / m3.

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23/28 [075] Now the energy input [EI] = 330 χ 3600 = 1188 kJ.

330 χ 1 χ 3600 χ 1323 χ 9.8 χ 1

Output energy = -------------------------------- 323 χ 1000 χ 2,114 = 22,557.7 J [076] A efficiency is determined as:

Efficiency = (Output energy / Input energy) χ 100% = (22,557.7 / 1,188,000) x 100% = 1.9% [077] In the example above, if the height of the turbine is increased to 60 meters, the new calculation would be as follows:

330 χ 1 χ 3600 χ 1323 χ 9.8 χ 60

Output energy (ES) = __________________________________

323 χ 1000 χ 2,114 = 1,353,462 J [078] The efficiency of the new system reaches 115%.

Efficiency = (Output energy / Input energy) χ 100% = (1,353,462 / 1,188,000) χ 100% = 114.7% [079] Here, the area of the metal surface in which the vapor is enclosed is maintained so that it can transfer the heat necessary to condense the liquid vapor at the rate at which the steam is produced.

[080] Therefore, the heat lost during vaporization is equal to the enthalpy of vaporization. [081] That is, the total energy lost is equal to the total energy acquired during vaporization.

Lost heat = Total energy (ET) (as seen above)

Surface area ^{Lv x} Vapor volume (V) * Vapor density (D) χ thickness of the metal (I) f ΑΊ = ^{k 1} Thermal constant of the metal (k) * Time (t) * Temperature difference (ΔΤ)

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24/28 [082] The system according to the invention works under the condition that boiling and condensation are possible. Under natural conditions, water has a freezing point of 0 degrees Celsius, so it is possible to use water in a condenser, and the boiling point of the liquid in the container must always be greater than that of the liquid in the condenser. If the ambient temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, normally any liquid with a boiling point above 30 degrees can be used. Therefore, a temperature difference of typically 15 degrees Celsius can be used between the boiling point of the liquid in the vessel to be boiled and the ambient temperature at which the liquid in the condenser does not freeze. Generally, water can be used in the condenser and liquids such as dichloromethane (boiling point of 34.6 degrees Celsius), methanol (boiling point of 63.4 degrees Celsius), ethanol (boiling point of 74 degrees Celsius), etc. ., in the containers.

[083] Boiling liquids are sealed against air and do not come into contact with it, so liquids with auto-ignition above 350 degrees Celsius can be used. The steam temperature will never exceed 100 degrees Celsius.

[084] The boiling liquid is completely inside the tubes and chambers and cannot come into contact with the environment, so the risk represented by the liquids in the vapor phase is totally minimized.

[085] From the above, it can be concluded that the generation of electricity begins as the liquid begins to evaporate (boiling), and the boiling point of the liquid used is generally low. Suppose that if ethanol is used, the boiling point is about 64 degrees Celsius, which is easily reached in a few minutes when the normal temperature is around 30 degrees Celsius. Or, if dichloromethane with a boiling point of 34.6 degrees Celsius is used, electricity generation begins even if the ambient temperature is around 20 degrees Celsius, provided there is sufficient heat from the sun or other sources.

[086] Or, in other words, with sufficient thermal energy, the generation of energy also starts at low temperature. This property of the system can be best used even in places with little sunlight, allowing the generation of energy

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25/28 can be started.

STORAGE [087] Additionally, energy storage is possible with materials that release thermal energy at low temperature and that can be recovered to the original form. When sodium hydroxide (NAOH), calcium chloride (CaCh), or calcium hydroxide (CaOhh) is dissolved in water, thermal energy is released, increasing the water temperature to about 80 degrees Celsius or more. With a sufficient amount of these heat-releasing materials, electrical energy can be generated. Again, these materials can be evaporated under sunlight or other means, and reused to produce electricity when there is no sunlight.

[088] Likewise, several salts with a low melting point can be used for storage, as they store a heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization, and release it when they crystallize. In addition, some salts such as sodium acetate (CH3COONa), calcium nitrate (CaNOa), etc., are supercooled or metastable liquids that do not crystallize below their melting points. And in crystallization, even at room temperature, they release heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization. Thus, for these salts, it is not necessary to maintain the temperature above the melting point before using its heat, therefore it is easier to store.

[089] Suppose the use of sodium hydroxide, which is exothermic when dissolved in water. NaOH + H2O releases 21.4 kJ / kg of energy when dissolved in water. It has a dissolution capacity of 1: 1 at 100 degrees Celsius. Thus, with the dissolution of 1 kg of sodium hydroxide in 1 liter of water, 548.97 kJ per kg (@ 21.4 kJ / mol) of thermal energy can be obtained, and as the system of invention converts 100% or more of the thermal energy in electrical energy, therefore, at least 100% of the energy or 548.97 kJ of electrical energy can be considered from 1 kg of dry NaOH. 1 MW requires 84,600 MJ (1 MJ χ 84,600 seconds) of energy storage per day. This can be stored in 157.39 Mt of NaOH.

[090] Likewise, considering 16.2 kJ / mol of energy released in the dissolution of calcium hydroxide in water, 1 MW per day of energy can be stored in 297.66 MT of CaOhh, requiring dehydration to reuse (297.66 m ³ x 0.005 in height).

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26/28 [091] In addition, considering 81.3 KJ / mol (= 739 J / g) of energy released in the dissolution of calcium chloride in water, we can store 1 MW of energy per day at 116.913 MT.

[092] When sodium acetate is heated above the melting point, that is, 58 degrees Celsius, it releases a thermal energy of 264 to 289 kJ / kg, even at room temperature during crystallization. Therefore, to store 1 MW of energy per day, 306.5 tons of sodium acetate are needed. In addition, it releases extra thermal energy while cooling, which can also be used efficiently.

[093] When calcium nitrate is heated above the melting point, ie 42.7 degrees Celsius, it releases a thermal energy of 153 kJ / kg (36.1 kJ / mol), even at room temperature during crystallization . Therefore, to store 1 MW of energy per day, 552.9 tons of sodium acetate are needed. In addition, it releases extra thermal energy while cooling, which can also be used efficiently.

[094] During the winter, the surface of the ocean can be below a temperature of -4 degrees Celsius to -30 degrees Celsius, or less, in some areas of the north and south. Due to this low temperature, the upper part of the seas or oceans is frozen; however, there is still liquid water below a certain thickness of ice, which protects wildlife in the water. Therefore, the water temperature is certainly above 0 degrees Celsius. Considering the liquid butane, which has a boiling point of -1 degree Celsius and a melting point of -114 degrees Celsius, it is possible to use it in the system of the invention to generate electrical energy. Here, boiling is done by the water below the ice, which is above 0 degrees Celsius, and condensation can be done on the surface, whose temperature is generally below -4 degrees Celsius, regardless of reaching -50 degrees Celsius or less . Huge energy can be obtained from this. One liter of water has 4.1 kJ / kgK. Or, in other words, a cubic meter of water can have 4 MJ of energy stored with only a degree of difference in temperature. Therefore, thousands of megawatts of energy can be easily generated from this vast source.

[095] However, if the temperature above the surface is consistently below -10 degrees Celsius or less, other liquids can be used for greater efficiency. Consider chlorine, which has a boiling point of -35 degrees Celsius. So if

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27/28 the surface temperature drops persistently below -35 degrees Celsius, liquid chlorine can be used instead of butane. Likewise, isopropane, having a boiling point of -10 degrees Celsius, can be used for temperatures that persist to stay below -10 degrees Celsius. However, in the summer season, these liquids, such as butane, isopropane, chlorine, etc., can be converted into gases; therefore, they must be kept under cold storage or in storage tanks that can withstand the necessary pressure. The liquid used in the system of the invention can be changed according to the temperature. Assuming the temperature is around 20 degrees Celsius, then dichloromethane (boiling point 39.6 degrees Celsius), pentane (boiling point 36 degrees Celsius), or similar liquids having a boiling point above 30 degrees Celsius are appropriate. And low-boiling liquids can be reused again next winter, when the temperature drops below -4 degrees Celsius or less.

[096] In summary, it can be said that the claimed invention provides the following uses and benefits:

- The invention converts thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy;

- Thermal energy is converted, with efficiency of 100% or more, into mechanical and / or electrical energy, which had never been possible before;

- The invention uses clean energy, such as solar, geothermal, hydrogen, etc .;

- If necessary, other waste, garbage, forest products or even fossil fuels can also be used to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical and electrical energy;

- Heat losses from machines or other industrial processes can be used;

- The invention converts low temperature thermal energy, with 100% efficiency or more, into electrical or mechanical energy, and an easy storage method can be used;

- Easily available and environmentally friendly chemicals can be used to store energy at low cost and capital;

- Due to the low cost and capital for energy storage, it is possible to obtain a

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Huge energy reserve, for example, for days or months, or longer, for regions or periods without sunlight or other reasonable heat sources;

- The invention can be used to convert widely available solar energy into mechanical / electrical energy, and meet the world's massive energy needs;

- The invention can solve the energy crises that the world faces, for any foreseeable future;

- Helps to increase the production and consumption of clean and renewable energy, in a huge pecentual, and reduces global warming;

- Helps to reduce pollution, reducing the increase in the use of dirty energy and also taking advantage of waste and garbage for energy production;

- Helps to meet the energy requirements that the fin-tech system (financial technology) is facing. In 2020, the system may require the same amount of energy that the whole world is using today;

- Helps to take advantage of the vast energy of the oceans during the winter, where there is no sunlight and the temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, or even below -30 degrees Celsius, or even lower.

Claims (10)

Claims 1. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION PROCESS FROM THERMAL ENERGY, characterized in that said process is carried out through the process of evaporation, or sublimation, or pressurization and condensation, or depressurization, of liquid and / or solid and / or of gas, together with the application of the buoyancy factor to increase the efficiency of the process; and comprising allowing the vapor, obtained through a liquid that has boiled, or a solid that has been sublimated, or a gas that has been pressurized, through the entry of thermal energy at the relevant point of the required temperature of the liquid, to rise in a higher level in a liquid, so that, due to buoyancy, the gas is accelerated upwards and the energy obtained is increased, as the gas rises to the height at which the turbine is kept immersed in the liquid, with the gas passing through the turbine and the steam being condensed / depressurized by the help of the liquid kept in the condenser, whose temperature, under normal conditions, does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated and condensed, or does not exceed the temperature of the steam that has boiled, has been evaporated, pressurized, or sublimated, or condensed, or depressurized, by any other possible means. 2. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the generation is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, using a liquid or more than one, which can boil easily through the entry of thermal energy, and using the temperature of a liquid or more than one in the condenser, whose temperature, under normal conditions, does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed. 3. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, together with the generation of energy due to vapor flow between the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, using a liquid or more than one, which can boil easily through the entry of thermal energy, and using the temperature of Petition 870190122790, of 11/25/2019, p. 32/44 2/5 a liquid or more than one in the condenser, whose temperature, under normal conditions, does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed. 4. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, together with the generation of energy due to the vapor flow between the evaporation and condensation process, using one or more liquids that can boil easily, or one or more solids that can undergo sublimation, or one or more gases that can be pressurized, through the entry of thermal energy , and using the temperature of one or more liquids or gases in the condenser, whose temperature, under normal conditions, does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed, or frozen, with the thermal energy being obtained from sunlight that strikes directly in flat containers on the ground, or from the water of the seas or oceans that are is above zero degrees Celsius when the surface temperature is below minus four degrees Celsius, or from heat obtained from different sources, such as from hydration and dehydration of hydrates or hydroxides of salt, or from latent heat vaporization of salts, or similar processes, or even from fossil fuels, hydrogen and other gases, waste, or any other sources and means of producing heat. 5. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, together with the generation of energy due to the vapor flow between the evaporation and condensation process, using a liquid or more than one, which can easily boil through the entry of thermal energy, and using the temperature of a liquid or more than one in the condenser, whose temperature in normal conditions do not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed, with the thermal energy being stored in different sources, such as through the hydration and dehydration of ionic compounds, such as hydrates, hydroxides of Petition 870190122790, of 11/25/2019, p. 33/44 3/5 salt, and the like, or through the heat stored as latent heat from the vaporization of salts during melting, or through the heat stored in waste, the heat stored in hot water, or through fossil fuels, forest products, hydrogen gas, or by any other means or storage sources used to generate heat, for the said generation of mechanical and electrical energy. 6. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, together with the generation of energy due to the steam flow between the evaporation and condensation process, using one or more of a liquid / solid / gas, which can boil / sublimate / pressurize easily, through the entry of thermal energy, and using the temperature of one or more of a liquid in the condenser, whose temperature under normal conditions does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers that must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed, with the thermal energy being stored in different sources, such as through hydration and dehydration of ionic compounds, such as hydrates, salt hydroxides, and the like, or through the heat stored as latent heat from vap orisation of salts during melting, or through heat stored in waste, heat stored in hot water, or through fossil fuels, forest products, hydrogen gas, or by any other means or storage sources, used to generate heat and / or transported to other locations, for the said generation of mechanical and electrical energy. 7. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, to increase the efficiency of the process, together with the generation of energy due to vapor flow between the evaporation and condensation process, using a liquid or more than one, which can easily boil, through the entry of thermal energy, and using the temperature of one or more of a liquid in the condenser, whose temperature under normal conditions it does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers which must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed, with the thermal energy being stored in different sources, such as by Petition 870190122790, of 11/25/2019, p. 34/44 4/5 medium of hydration and dehydration of ionic compounds, such as hydrates, salt hydroxides, and the like, or through the heat stored as latent heat from the vaporization of salts during melting, or through the heat stored in waste, from the heat stored in hot water, or by means of fossil fuels, forest products, hydrogen gas, or by any other means or storage sources, used to generate heat and / or transported to other places, for the said generation of mechanical and electrical energy, with machinery, equipment, chemicals or any other materials being used in the production, transportation and operation of this heat storage or generation of mechanical and electrical energy, including, but not limited to, liquids, devices, equipment and other structures and materials, if any. 8. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, in which the evaporated or sublimated steam is allowed to rise to a certain height to increase the efficiency of the process, with steam being generated using a liquid that can boil, or a solid that can easily sublimate through the entry of thermal energy, and using one or more liquids in the condenser , whose temperature under normal conditions does not exceed the boiling point of the liquid inside the containers which must be evaporated or sublimated and condensed in order to condense the steam. 9. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out through the process of evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and by the application of the buoyancy factor, in which the adjustment of the temperature conditions of any liquid and / or solid and / or gas can be used for evaporation, or sublimation, or increase in pressure, and condensation and / or sublimation and / or freezing of vapor / liquid, due to evaporation and / or sublimation and / or pressure increase of the solid and / or liquid and / or gas that passes through the liquid using the buoyancy factor, to increase efficiency in maintaining a turbine at one or more height heights, with any materials that can be used for evaporation or sublimation or pressure increase, and condensation and / or freezing, depending on the favorability of the liquid and solid used in evaporation or sublimation and condensation, Petition 870190122790, of 11/25/2019, p. 35/44 5/5 with any types of energies or techniques being used to produce heat for evaporation or sublimation and condensation, and with any type of equipment or technique being used to convert the mechanical energy produced by the turbine into electrical energy or any other energy. 10. PROCESS, according to claim 1, characterized by comprising all the drawings, calculations and forms of incorporation included.