WO2009142005A1 - 異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009142005A1 WO2009142005A1 PCT/JP2009/002214 JP2009002214W WO2009142005A1 WO 2009142005 A1 WO2009142005 A1 WO 2009142005A1 JP 2009002214 W JP2009002214 W JP 2009002214W WO 2009142005 A1 WO2009142005 A1 WO 2009142005A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
- H01F41/028—Radial anisotropy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0578—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/059—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49069—Data storage inductor or core
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core
- Y10T29/49078—Laminated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49803—Magnetically shaping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
Definitions
- the present invention provides a rare earth-iron ring magnet having a radial anisotropy region at the center of a magnetic pole and a non-radial magnetic anisotropy region between the magnetic poles, and anisotropy that does not deteriorate magnetic characteristics even when the diameter is reduced, and is continuously controlled. It relates to the manufacturing method. More specifically, it has a strong influence on power saving, resource saving, miniaturization, and noise reduction of a magnet motor of about 50 W or less, which is widely used as various drive sources for home appliances, air conditioning equipment, and information equipment.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a rare earth-iron ring magnet having a continuously controlled anisotropy for a high performance permanent magnet motor.
- a motor can be regarded as a composite functional part that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by processing various materials such as steel, non-ferrous metals, and polymers with high precision, such as rotors, shafts, bearings, and stators. .
- a permanent magnet type motor using a magnet that has the ability to attract or repel other magnetic materials and the ability to generate a static magnetic field permanently without external energy has become the mainstream. Physically, the difference between magnets and other magnetic materials is that effective magnetization remains after extinguishing the external magnetic field, and magnetization reversal (demagnetization) is only possible when heat or a relatively large reverse magnetic field is applied. It occurs, and the magnetization is reduced accordingly.
- An important characteristic value of such a magnet is energy density (BH) max. This represents the potential energy of the magnet in unit volume.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the relationship between the residual magnetic flux density Br, which is one of the basic characteristics of the magnet, and the motor constant KJ (KJ is the ratio of the output torque KT and the square root of resistance loss ⁇ R) as an index of motor performance. From the above, when the motor diameter, rotor diameter, gap, soft magnetic material, magnet size, etc. are fixed, the increase in magnet energy density (BH) max is more significant in small motors using ring magnets targeted by the present invention. It is said that high torque density can be obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a small motor having an uneven magnetic pole 1, a stator core 2, a stator core slot 3, and a stator core teeth 4 as shown in FIG. 11A. That is, Non-Patent Document 2 describes a 12-pole 18-slot surface magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) with a remanent magnetization Br1.2T, a maximum thickness of 3 mm at the center of the magnetic pole, and a magnetic pole with a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm at both ends of the magnetic pole. Then, it is described that the cogging torque can be minimized. In this case, the thickness of the magnetic pole is deviated from the outer diameter side, but it is well known that the cogging torque can be reduced even with a magnetic pole that is deviated from the opposite inner diameter side of the magnetic pole.
- SPMSM surface magnet synchronous motor
- Non-Patent Document 2 in order to minimize the cogging torque by increasing the thickness of the magnetic pole, the minimum thickness at both ends of the magnetic pole is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the maximum thickness at the magnetic pole center. Such uneven thickness is necessary. Therefore, when the thickness of the magnetic pole, that is, the direction of magnetization (thickness) is reduced, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained even if the magnetic pole is made uneven and the cogging torque is minimized. In addition, in general, machining is difficult because the magnetic pole is mechanically fragile.
- the magnetic pole end of the thick magnetic pole is thinned to about 1/2 to widen the gap with the stator core, or the area between the magnetic poles of the thin magnetic pole is reduced. Therefore, the amount of the static magnetic field Ms generated from the magnetic poles flowing into the stator core as the magnetic flux ⁇ decreases as the magnetic resistance increases. As a result, in these methods, a reduction in cogging torque generally results in a 10-15% reduction in torque density. Therefore, the conventional cogging torque reduction method shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C has a problem that the increase in the torque density of the motor due to the increase in the energy density (BH) max of the magnet is sacrificed.
- BH energy density
- Non-Patent Document 5 shows a rare earth-iron sintered magnet having a thin energy direction thickness of 1.2 mm and a high remanent magnetization Mr of 1T, as shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C.
- the cogging torque is reduced by a method that does not reduce the thickness of the magnetization direction or the area of the magnetic pole. That is, as shown in FIGS. 12A to 12D, each magnetic pole is divided into 2 to 5 magnetic pole pieces to form one magnetic pole, and the direction of anisotropy (direction of the easy axis) is adjusted stepwise for each magnetic pole piece.
- the subscripts (2) to (5) of the magnetic pole 1 indicate the number of pieces obtained by dividing the magnetic pole 1 into 2 to 5 parts. Further, the direction of the arrow of each fragment represents the anisotropic direction (direction of the easy axis of magnetization).
- a large number of magnetic pole pieces with different anisotropy directions are prepared.
- a magnetically isotropic magnet can be freely magnetized in any direction according to the direction of the applied magnetic field and the magnetic field strength distribution. Therefore, by optimizing the shape of the magnetized yoke and the magnetomotive force, it is possible to provide a magnetization pattern as indicated by the arc-shaped arrow of the magnetic pole 1 in FIG. Thereby, the gap magnetic flux density distribution between the magnetic pole and the stator core can be easily adjusted to a sine wave shape. Therefore, the cogging torque reduction of a small motor such as SPMSM is extremely easy as compared with the case where a thin magnetic pole is formed of a magnetically anisotropic magnet material.
- Non-Patent Document 11 the energy density (BH) max to secure the rapidly solidified ribbon 111kJ / m 3 with a resin, an isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B-based bonded magnets of energy density (BH) max is 72kJ / m 3 I can do it. Thereafter, from the late 1980s to the present, research on isotropic rare earth magnet materials mainly involving rapid solidification of rare earth-iron-based molten alloys has been actively conducted.
- Nd 2 Fe 14 B system, Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 system, or nanocomposite magnet materials using exchange coupling based on the microstructure of them and ⁇ Fe, FeB, Fe 3 B system are industrially included. It is available. Furthermore, in addition to isotropic magnet materials in which various alloy structures are micro-controlled, isotropic magnet materials having different powder shapes are industrially available. For example, see Non-Patent Documents 6 to 10. In particular, in Non-Patent Document 10, H.C. A. Davies et al. Report that the energy density (BH) max reaches 220 kJ / m 3 while being isotropic.
- BH energy density
- the energy density (BH) max of an isotropic magnet material that can be used industrially is at most 134 kJ / m 3 .
- the energy density (BH) max of an isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B bond magnet which is generally applied to a small motor of approximately 50 W or less, is approximately 80 kJ / m 3 or less. That is, 1985 R.D. W. More than 20 years have passed since the production of isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B bond magnets with energy density (BH) max of 111 kJ / m 3 and energy density (BH) max of 72 kJ / m 3 from Lee et al. Even so, as the energy density (BH) max progresses, it is less than 10 kJ / m 3 .
- the energy density is increased after the advancement of the isotropic magnet material, and it is not expected that the motor targeted by the present invention has a higher torque density.
- an anisotropic rare earth-iron-based magnet material related to the present invention for example, RD-Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 in Non-Patent Document 12 and HDDR-Nd 2 Fe 14 B in Non-Patent Document 13 are used. Is mentioned.
- the method of manufacturing a rare earth-iron ring magnet with continuous anisotropy control corresponds to a uniform direction of the external magnetic field Hex and an arbitrary mechanical angle ⁇ of the rotor in the essential first manufacturing process.
- a segment having an inner and outer peripheral section that gives a change in the angle H ⁇ corresponding to the mechanical angle ⁇ is formed in a magnetic field by an external magnetic field Hex, with the angle with the tangent line in the inner and outer peripheral directions.
- the second manufacturing process which is essential, a plurality of segments are arranged on the circumference according to the number of poles and extruded from one end surface in the thrust direction into a ring shape using rheology based on the viscous deformation. Subsequently, compression molding is performed from both end surfaces in the thrust direction of the segment.
- the present invention increases the energy density (BH) max, which is a defect of the isotropic magnet, approximately twice or more by providing such a method for manufacturing an anisotropic ring magnet.
- BH energy density
- the change Md / ⁇ with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ of the magnetization vector angle Md of the magnetic pole tip according to the present invention can be suppressed below that of an isotropic magnet by anisotropic continuous direction control.
- an isotropic magnet by anisotropic continuous direction control.
- BH energy density
- the torque density can be increased without increasing the cogging torque of the motor.
- the energy density (BH) max is not reduced due to the reduction of the radial orientation magnetic field as in the radial anisotropic ring magnet, and a plurality of segments can be produced.
- the present invention is effective for energy saving, resource saving, downsizing, and noise reduction of motors of approximately 50 W or less, which are widely used as various drive sources for home appliances, air conditioning devices, and information devices. .
- FIG. 1A is a first conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 1B is a second conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 1C is a third conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective external view showing an extrusion compression process.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an extrusion compression molding die.
- FIG. 3A is a first conceptual diagram illustrating a flow form of an external force of a molten polymer.
- FIG. 3B is a second conceptual diagram showing a flow form by the external force of the molten polymer.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the molecular structure of a thermosetting resin composition that imparts rheology.
- FIG. 1A is a first conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 1B is a second conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 1C is a third conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control.
- FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of the macro structure of the magnetic anisotropic magnetic pole.
- FIG. 6A is a characteristic diagram showing the MH loop of the magnet.
- FIG. 6B is a characteristic diagram showing residual magnetization and energy density.
- FIG. 7A is a shape diagram illustrating an example of a segment.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the segment and the ring magnet.
- FIG. 8A is a configuration diagram showing a radial region and a non-radial region.
- FIG. 8B is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the mechanical angle and the magnetization vector.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the correlation coefficient of the regression line of the magnetization vector with respect to the angular error in the radial region and the mechanical angle in the non-radial region.
- FIG. 10A is a characteristic diagram showing an example of energy density and motor efficiency (maximum value).
- FIG. 10B is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of the rotation speed and the noise value.
- FIG. 11A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional cogging torque reduction method using uneven thickness.
- FIG. 11B is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional cogging torque reduction method using skew.
- FIG. 11C is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional cogging torque reduction method using a magnetic pole area.
- FIG. 11A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional cogging torque reduction method using uneven thickness.
- FIG. 11B is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional cogging torque reduction method using skew.
- FIG. 11C is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional cogging torque reduction method using
- FIG. 12A is a first conceptual diagram showing a conventional cogging torque reduction method by discontinuous control of the magnetization direction.
- FIG. 12B is the second conceptual diagram.
- FIG. 12C is the second conceptual diagram.
- FIG. 12D is the second conceptual diagram.
- FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram showing a magnetization pattern of an isotropic magnet.
- the present invention requires the following two steps.
- One of them is a process for producing a segment whose anisotropy direction is continuously changed from perpendicular to in-plane by a uniform magnetic field kept in a certain direction along with the mechanical design of the magnet. That is, in the produced segment, the direction of anisotropy continuously changes from the direction perpendicular to the surface subjected to the uniform magnetic field from the direction in which the surface expands.
- the other is that a plurality of these segments are arranged on the circumference, extruded from one thrust direction end face of the segment in a ring shape by rheology based on the viscous deformation of the segment, and subsequently from both end faces in the thrust direction of the segment. It is the process of compressing.
- a segment having a plurality of inner and outer peripheral segments is formed in a magnetic field by a uniform external magnetic field Hex.
- the inner and outer peripheral segments are segments that give a change in the angle H ⁇ corresponding to the mechanical angle ⁇ .
- the angle H ⁇ is an angle between the direction of the uniform external magnetic field Hex and the arbitrary position of the segment, that is, the inner and outer peripheral direction tangent corresponding to the final rotor mechanical angle ⁇ .
- a method for forming the segment a well-known injection method or extrusion method may be used, but a compression method in an orthogonal magnetic field is preferable for an energy density (BH) max of 160 to 180 kJ / m 3 .
- a plurality of segments manufactured in the first manufacturing process that are essential are arranged on the circumference according to the number of poles. And it extrudes from the one thrust direction end surface of the said segment in the shape of a ring using the rheology based on the viscous deformation. Subsequently, compression molding is performed from both end surfaces of the segment in the thrust direction to obtain a rare earth-iron ring magnet whose anisotropy is continuously controlled.
- the plurality of segments is an even number of two or more, and the number itself is left to the design concept of the small motor according to the present invention.
- the magnetization vector angle M with respect to the inner and outer circumferential direction tangent in the segment cross section, that is, the direction of anisotropy is M ⁇ H ⁇ .
- the segment shape it is desirable to obtain the cross-sectional shape as follows.
- a rigid body having an angle H ⁇ rotates and moves at an arbitrary mechanical angle ⁇ , and only the direction of anisotropy changes without destroying the degree of anisotropy.
- the sectional shape of the segment is obtained.
- the mechanical angle of the stator core teeth with the rotation axis center as the origin is ⁇ s
- the mechanical angle of the magnetic pole center of the ring magnet with the rotation axis center as the origin is ⁇ r.
- the desirable form of anisotropic continuous direction control according to the present invention is that in the region corresponding to ⁇ s ⁇ r, the magnetization vector angle Mc with respect to the rotation direction tangent of the magnetic pole is 90 degrees, that is, a radial anisotropic region (hereinafter referred to as a radial anisotropic region). It is desirable to provide a radial region as appropriate.
- the radial region is a region in the segment in which the magnetization vector (anisotropic direction) is substantially directed toward the center of the rotation axis. Further, the error average in the anisotropic direction in the radial region is set to 2 degrees or less. Further, a non-radial anisotropic region (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a non-radial region) while the magnetization vector angle of the adjacent magnetic pole (different pole) from the radial region where the magnetization vector angle is Mc reaches the radial region of Mc. To do. That is, in the non-radial region, the magnetization vector (anisotropy direction) is directed in a direction shifted from the rotation axis center direction.
- the magnetization vector angle of the non-radial region is Md
- it is desirable to use a linear regression equation ⁇ a ⁇ Md + b (a and b are coefficients) that give a distribution of mechanical angles ⁇ and Md corresponding to the non-radial region.
- the correlation coefficient r of the linear regression equation of ⁇ and Md is set to an accuracy of 0.995 or more.
- the anisotropic direction with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ and the distribution thereof are given as described above, a decrease in the amount of the static magnetic field Ms generated by the magnetic poles of the ring magnet reaching the stator core teeth can be minimized.
- the cogging torque of the motor can be reduced by setting the correlation coefficient r of the linear regression equation that gives the distribution of the mechanical angles ⁇ and Md to an accuracy of 0.995 or more. Can be reduced.
- the flow of the static magnetic field generated by the magnetic poles of the ring magnet is stabilized and the decrease is suppressed. Moreover, it can be said that stabilizing the polarity reversal of the static magnetic field between the magnetic poles with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ is the optimal anisotropy direction and distribution.
- the size of the static magnetic field generated from the magnetic poles is also important in order to reduce the size and energy of the motor with the rare earth-iron ring magnet having the anisotropy continuously controlled in accordance with the present invention. Therefore, in the present invention, the manufacturing process of a ring magnet having a uniform anisotropic direction and its distribution is limited, in particular, deterioration of magnetic characteristics when a segment is used as a ring magnet. In the present invention, the difference in residual magnetization Mr and the difference in anisotropic dispersion ⁇ can be less than 7% in the segment and the ring magnet processed from the segment.
- the residual magnetization Mr in the anisotropic direction is 0.95 to 1.05 T
- the coercive force HcJ is 0.85 to 0.95 MA / m
- the energy density (BH) max is 160 to 180 kJ. / M 3 .
- the ring magnet according to the present invention is composed of segments molded in a uniform magnetic field, there is an advantage that the energy density (BH) max does not deteriorate even if the ring magnet is reduced in diameter.
- the energy density (BH) max decreases due to a decrease in the radial magnetic field for orientation.
- an isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B magnet with (BH) max ⁇ 80 kJ / m 3 is often used.
- a big effect is acquired.
- an Nd 2 Fe 14 B rare earth-iron magnet material having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less is a matrix (continuous phase) of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 rare earth-iron magnet material having an average particle diameter of 3 to 5 ⁇ m and a binder.
- An isolated macro structure Preferably, the volume fraction of a rare earth-iron-based magnet material having an energy density (BH) max of 270 kJ / m 3 or more is 80 vol. % Or more.
- FIG. 1A is a first conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control
- FIG. 1B is a second conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control
- FIG. 1C is a third conceptual diagram showing anisotropic direction control. It is a conceptual diagram.
- a segment 10 as shown in FIG. 1A is prepared.
- the distribution of the angle H ⁇ formed between the outer magnetic field Hex having a uniform direction and the inner and outer peripheral intercepts 11 at an arbitrary position is 90 degrees, that is, a radial anisotropic region in the magnetic pole center portion.
- the segment 10 has a non-radial anisotropy region in which the angle H ⁇ continuously changes from 90 degrees in a linear expression with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ so as to be in-plane anisotropy at the circumferential magnet end.
- FIG. 1C show the cross-sectional shape of the right half from the center of a segment magnet. Further, FIG. 1B shows a magnet fragment that is the inner and outer peripheral segment 11 at an arbitrary position, an angle H ⁇ , and a magnetization vector angle M (Mc in a radial anisotropic region, Md in a non-radial anisotropic region).
- the plurality of segments 10 according to the present invention are arranged on the circumference and pressurized from one end face in the thrust direction of the segment 10. And it extrudes in a ring shape using the rheology based on the viscous deformation of the segment 10, and the several segment 10 extruded in the ring shape is compression-molded from a thrust direction both end surface.
- the magnetization vector angle M indicating the direction of the anisotropy rotates as shown in FIG. 1B, and the angle H ⁇ and the magnetization vector angle M (Mc, Mc, And Md).
- FIG. 2A is a perspective external view showing an example of an extrusion compression process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional block diagram of the extrusion compression molding die concerning this invention.
- 2A shows an example of an extrusion compression process in a state where the extrusion compression molding die shown in FIG. 2B is removed for easy understanding.
- the core 30 for extrusion used in the extrusion compression process has a part 31, a part 32, and a part 33.
- a preformed segment magnet 20 corresponding to the segment 10 is disposed at a portion 31 of the extrusion core 30.
- the preformed segment magnet 20 arranged on the circumference is stored in a specified position together with the extrusion compression molding die 35 as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the rheology of the segment magnet 20 accommodated in the part 31 is used to perform extrusion into the shape of FIGS. 1A to 1C.
- the segment magnet 20 extruded in the part 32 is compression-molded into a ring shape. Specifically, using a ring-shaped punch, at least a part of the thrust direction segment end face 21 shown in FIG. 2A is pushed, and a plurality of preformed segment magnets 20 are simultaneously passed from the part 31 to the part 32 to the part 33. Extrude.
- the plurality of segment magnets 20 deformed by rheology at the portion 32 and pushed into the portion 33 are compression-molded by operating a ring-shaped punch from the direction opposite to the extrusion direction.
- the segments are integrated by thermocompression bonding with a pressure of 20 to 60 MPa.
- thermoset ring magnet 41 is formed.
- the ring magnet 41 is finally combined with the rotor core 42 to form, for example, an octupole ring magnet rotor 43.
- thermosetting resin composition adjusted to impart rheology to the preformed segment magnet 20 as shown in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C or FIG. 2A together with the anisotropic rare earth-iron magnet material. Use things.
- FIG. 3A is a first conceptual diagram showing a flow pattern of a molten polymer due to an external force
- FIG. 3B is a second conceptual diagram showing a flow pattern of the molten polymer due to an external force.
- the magnet rheology referred to in the present invention is a part of the thermosetting resin composition as a thread-like molecular chain intertwined into a preformed segment magnet. Uniformly intervene.
- the principle is viscous deformation such as shear flow or elongational flow according to heat and external force F-F '.
- the extrusion compression molding ring magnet 40 of FIG. 2A is, for example, a magnet in which the components of the thermosetting resin composition shown in FIG. 4 are made into a three-dimensional network structure by a crosslinking reaction and integrated by thermocompression bonding as shown in FIG. 2A. Make it rigid.
- FIG. 2A the mechanical strength, heat resistance, and durability of the rotor combining the magnet and the iron core according to the present invention can be adjusted.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the molecular structure of a thermosetting resin composition comprising a novolac-type epoxy oligomer, linear polyamide, and 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole.
- FIG. 4 is an example of the thermosetting resin composition adjusted so that rheology might be provided to the magnet concerning this invention.
- the dot circle shown in FIG. 4 indicates the molecular structure of the cross-linked portion.
- the linear polyamide when the linear polyamide is in a molten state, it is uniformly interposed in the matrix in the magnetic pole as an intertwined thread-like molecular chain.
- thermosetting resin composition which gives the flow shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is not necessarily limited to that shown in FIG.
- the torque density of the small motor is proportional to the static magnetic field Ms generated by the magnetic pole, that is, the gap magnetic flux density between the stator core and the magnetic pole.
- gap magnetic flux density of the small motor formed with the magnet of the same dimension same structure and a stator core is substantially proportional to the square root of ratio of the energy density (BH) max of a magnet.
- the energy density (BH) max of the magnetic pole according to the present invention is set to an isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B bond magnet whose energy density (BH) max is approximately 80 kJ / m 3 as an upper limit. If it is set to 160 kJ / m 3 or more, an increase in torque density of about 1.4 times is expected.
- the rare earth-iron ring magnet having the anisotropy continuously controlled in accordance with the present invention has a residual magnetization Mr of 0.95 T or more, a coercive force HcJ of 0.9 MA / m or more, from the viewpoint of increasing torque density. What has an energy density (BH) max of 160 kJ / m 3 or more is desirable.
- the energy density (BH) max ⁇ 160kJ / m 3 the rare-earth magnet of the energy density (BH) max ⁇ 270kJ / m 3 - the volume occupied by the magnet of an iron-based material
- the fraction is 80 vol. % Or more is desirable.
- anisotropic rare earth-iron-based magnet material examples include A. Kawamoto et al. RD (Reduction and Diffusion) -Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 and T. Takeshita et al. (R2 [Fe, Co] 14B ) phase hydrogenation of (Hydrogenation, R2 [Fe, Co ] 14BHx), phase decomposition in 650 ⁇ 1000 ° C (Decomposition, RH 2 + Fe + Fe 2 B), the dehydrogenation ( Desorption, so-called HDDR-Nd 2 Fe 14 B prepared by recombination (Recombination), and the like can be given.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a macro structure of a magnet having a density of 6.01 Mg / m 3 according to the present invention.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the anisotropic Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 system rare earth-iron system magnet material and the anisotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B system rare earth-iron system magnet material are heated together with the thermosetting resin composition at 160 ° C.
- a segment is formed by applying an orientation magnetic field with a uniform external magnetic field of 1.4 MA / m and compression molding at a pressure of 20 to 50 MPa.
- the anisotropic Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 system rare earth-iron system magnet material has a particle diameter of 3 to 5 ⁇ m and an energy density (BH) max of 290 kJ / m 3 .
- the anisotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B rare earth-iron magnet material has a particle size of 38 to 150 ⁇ m and an energy density (BH) max of 270 to 300 kJ / m 3 .
- the feature of the macro structure of this magnet is that Nd 2 Fe 14 B system rare earth-iron system magnet material is composed of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 system rare earth magnet fine powder and a thermosetting resin composition. The structure is separated by a matrix (continuous phase). The volume fraction occupied by the Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 and Nd 2 Fe 14 B rare earth-iron magnet materials was 81 vol. %.
- FIG. 6A shows a magnet according to the present invention having the macro structure shown in FIG. 5 and all the magnet materials made of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 system or Nd 2 Fe 14 B system rare earth-iron system magnet material under the same conditions.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram comparing the MH loop of the magnets manufactured in (1). However, the measurement magnetic field is ⁇ 2.4 MA / m. As is apparent from FIG. 6A, the coercive force HcJ is approximately the same at approximately 1 MA / m, but the residual magnetization Mr is different. Therefore, when the relationship between the residual magnetization Mr and the energy density (BH) max of these magnets is plotted, FIG. 6B is obtained. As shown in FIG. 6B, the energy density (BH) max reaches 160 to 180 kJ / m 3 in the configuration according to the present invention.
- thermosetting resin composition includes an epoxy equivalent of 205 to 220 g / eq, a novolac type epoxy oligomer having a melting point of 70 to 76 ° C., a linear polyamide having a melting point of 80 ° C. and a molecular weight of 4000 to 12,000, 2-phenyl as shown in FIG. Consists of -4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole. They do not gel, and the linear polyamide is remelted by heat and uniformly interspersed in the magnet as intertwined thread-like molecular chains. And according to the direction of a heat
- FIG. 7A and 7B are segment magnets 20 having the above macro structure according to the present invention, and ring magnets 40 obtained by extrusion compression molding, that is, shape diagrams before and after processing.
- an angle H ⁇ with respect to the uniform external magnetic field Hex shown in FIG. 7A and a tangent at an arbitrary position of the segment is an angle Mc of the magnetization vector M with respect to a tangent at an arbitrary mechanical angle ⁇ on the inner and outer circumferences of the ring magnet, and Corresponds to Md. That is, H ⁇ Mc and H ⁇ Md.
- the angle H ⁇ formed with the external magnetic field Hex with respect to the inner and outer circumferential tangents is set to a pitch of 0.3655 mm on the outer periphery of the segment and a pitch of 0.2845 mm on the inner periphery.
- the segment shape of FIG. 7A is set by nonlinear structural analysis in which each rigid body is rotated and moved as a total of 96 rigid bodies divided into two at the radial magnetic pole center.
- the preformed segment 20 is compression-molded to form the ring magnet 40.
- the extrusion compression molded ring magnet 40 according to the present invention is subjected to heat treatment in the atmosphere at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after being released from the mold.
- the thermosetting resin composition containing linear polyamide was crosslinked as shown in FIG.
- free epoxy groups are shown in FIG. 4, these all react with imidazoles, amino active hydrogen in a linear polyamide molecular chain, terminal carboxyl groups, or the like to be rigid.
- the obtained ring magnet according to the present invention has an outer diameter of 50.3 mm, an inner diameter of 47.3 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, a length of 13.5 mm, a concentricity of 0.060 mm or less, a maximum inner diameter and a minimum.
- the roundness, which is the difference in inner diameter, was an accuracy of 0.225 mm or less.
- This ring magnet was finally combined with an iron core to form an 8-pole ring magnet rotor having an outer diameter of 50.3 mm and a length of 13.5 mm, like the ring magnet rotor 43 of FIG. 2A.
- the rotor in the magnetized yoke was rotated according to the anisotropic direction and the distribution thereof, and the positions of the magnetic poles of the rotor and the magnetized yoke were aligned.
- the mechanical angle ⁇ of the stator core teeth shown in FIG. 8A was set to 14 °, and the mechanical angle ⁇ of one ring magnet was set to 45 °.
- the measurement of the magnetization vector angle M was performed at 25 points per degree with a three-dimensional Hall probe teslameter, assuming that the combined magnetization vector angle M in the radial, tangential, and axial directions indicates the direction of the easy magnetization axis.
- the angle error average with respect to 90 degrees is used in the radial region, and the correlation coefficient of the regression equation of Md with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ is used in the non-radial region.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram in which the average angular error in the radial region and the correlation coefficient of the regression line in the non-radial region are plotted for an energy density (BH) max of 160 to 180 kJ / m 3 ring magnet rotor according to the present invention.
- BH energy density
- Comparative Examples 1 to 5 the direction of the magnetization vector and the distribution accuracy of the 8-pole magnet rotor having the same outer diameter are shown.
- Comparative Example 1 is a rotor in which 160 to 180 kJ / m 3 anisotropic continuous direction control arc segment magnets are assembled.
- Comparative Example 2 is a radial anisotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B ring magnet rotor produced with a 130 to 140 kJ / m 3 parallel orientation magnetic field.
- Comparative Example 3 is a radial anisotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B ring magnet rotor produced with a radial orientation magnetic field.
- Comparative Example 4 is an 80 kJ / m 3 sinusoidal magnetized isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B ring magnet rotor.
- Comparative Example 5 is 16 kJ / m 3 pole anisotropic ferrite ring magnet rotor.
- the example of the present invention has an ideal form in the magnetization vector, that is, the direction of anisotropy and its distribution, as compared with any comparative example.
- an arc segment magnet whose direction of anisotropy is controlled is assembled around the iron core, and the variation increases due to the assembly error.
- the correlation coefficient of the regression line in the non-radial region is significantly decreased, and an increase in cogging torque can be inferred.
- the correlation coefficient of the regression line in the non-radial region is high as in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, if the average angular error in the radial region increases, the static magnetic field generated by the magnetic poles is difficult to be transmitted to the stator core.
- cylindrical magnets having a diameter of 1 mm were collected from portions corresponding to angles H ⁇ , Mc, and Md with respect to an arbitrary mechanical angle ⁇ in the magnetic poles of the segments and ring magnets. And the result of having analyzed the angle of anisotropy from this cylindrical magnet, and the grade is shown.
- the center position of the cylindrical magnet is the angles H ⁇ , Mc, and Md at the mechanical angle ⁇
- the angles at which the maximum magnetization Ms is maximum in all directions of the cylindrical magnet, that is, the angles H ⁇ , Mc, Md with respect to the mechanical angle ⁇ are Asked.
- the difference in residual magnetization Mr at the same position of the segment and the ring magnet was 0.03 T or less.
- the degree of anisotropy was evaluated using anisotropic dispersion ⁇ .
- M Ms ⁇ cos ( ⁇ o ⁇ )
- VSM sample vibration magnetometer
- ⁇ o is the angle of the external magnetic field
- ⁇ is the angle at which Ms is rotated
- Ms is the spontaneous magnetic moment
- Ku is the magnetic anisotropy constant
- E is the total energy.
- FIG. 10A shows the motor efficiency (maximum value) of the 40 W surface magnet type synchronous motor (SPMSM) in which the 12-slot stator core of the same specification and the various 8-pole magnet rotors shown in FIG. 9 are combined in relation to the energy density.
- FIG. 10B shows the relationship between the rotation speed of the SPMSM and the noise value.
- the example of the present invention in which the energy density (BH) max is 160 to 180 kJ / m 3 has a maximum efficiency exceeding 90%.
- the anisotropic continuous direction control reduces the noise value in the low-speed rotation range of 200 to 700 r / min unique to the radial anisotropic magnet by a maximum of 10 dB, and isotropic Nd 2 Fe 14 B magnet magnetized with sinusoidal waves. Silence equivalent to that of the rotor can be obtained.
- the present invention aims to increase the torque density of a small motor by increasing the energy density (BH) max, which is a disadvantage of an isotropic magnet, by approximately twice or more by providing a method for manufacturing an anisotropic ring magnet, Obstacles caused by cogging torque unique to the radial anisotropic magnet in the same shape, for example, noise can be reduced.
- BH energy density
- the motor according to the present invention can be used for quietness, high efficiency, energy saving, etc., and has very high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、次の2つの工程を必須とする。その1つは、磁石の機械的設計とともに、一定方向に保たれた一様な磁界によって、面垂直から面内に異方性の方向が連続変化したセグメントを作製する工程である。すなわち、作製されたセグメントにおいては、異方性の方向が、一様な磁界を受けた面に対して垂直となる方向からその面の広がり方向へと連続的に変化している。もう1つは、複数のこれらセグメントを円周上に配置し、当該セグメントの一方のスラスト方向端面から、当該セグメントの粘性変形に基づくレオロジーによりリング状に押出し、続いてセグメントのスラスト方向両端面から圧縮する工程である。
以下、本発明にかかる異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石について、8極12スロット表面磁石型同期モータ(SPMSM)を対象とした実施例により、さらに詳しく説明する。ただし、本発明が本実施例に限定されるものではない。
11 内外周切片
20 セグメント磁石
21 スラスト方向セグメント端面
30 押出成形用コア
35 押出圧縮成形ダイス
40 押出圧縮成形したリング磁石
41 離型し、熱硬化したリング磁石
42 ロータ鉄心
43 リング磁石ロータ
φ 機械角
Mc (磁極中心(ラジアル領域)の)磁化ベクトル角
Md (磁極端(非ラジアル領域)の)磁化ベクトル角
Hex 外部磁界
Hθ (外部磁界の)角度
Claims (5)
- 一様な外部磁界Hexの方向とロータの任意の機械角φに対応する内外周方向接線との角度を角度Hθとしたとき、機械角φに対応した角度Hθの変化を与える内外周切片をもつセグメントを外部磁界Hexによる磁界中で成形加工する第1の工程と、
複数のセグメントを極数に応じて円周上に配置し、当該セグメントの一方のスラスト方向端面から、その粘性変形に基づくレオロジーを利用してリング状に押出し、続いて、当該セグメントのスラスト方向両端面から圧縮成形することで異方性を連続方向制御する第2の工程とを含む、
ことを特徴とした異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。 - 回転軸中心を原点とした固定子鉄心ティースの機械角をφs、回転軸中心を原点としたロータ磁極中心の機械角をφrとしたとき、φs≒φrに相当する領域で磁極の回転方向接線に対する磁化ベクトル角Mcの90度に対する誤差平均が2度以下、前記磁化ベクトル角Mcから隣接する磁極の90度領域Mcに至る非ラジアル領域の磁化ベクトル角をMdとしたとき、機械角φと磁化ベクトル角Mdとの回帰式の相関係数rが0.995以上である請求項1記載の異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。
- 予備成形セグメントとリング磁石との残留磁化Mrの差が0.03T以下、異方性分散σの差が7%未満である請求項1記載の異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。
- リング磁石の異方性方向の残留磁化Mrが0.95~1.05T、保磁力HcJが0.85~0.95MA/m、エネルギー密度(BH)maxが160~180kJ/m3である請求項1記載の異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。
- リング磁石の直径が25mm以下である請求項1記載の異方性を連続方向制御した希土類-鉄系リング磁石の製造方法。
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CN200980100584.7A CN102742131B (zh) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-20 | 连续控制各向异性方向的稀土-铁类环形磁铁的制造方法 |
KR1020107005767A KR101206576B1 (ko) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-20 | 이방성을 연속 방향 제어한 희토류-철계 링 자석의 제조 방법 |
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DE102010063323A1 (de) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Maschinenkomponente für eine elektrische Maschine sowie eine Maschinenkomponente |
US10511212B2 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2019-12-17 | Minebea Mitsumi Inc. | Inner rotor-type permanent magnet motor with annular magnetic poles |
JP5860654B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2016-02-16 | ミネベア株式会社 | インナーロータ型永久磁石モータ |
CN104252964B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 浙江科升电力设备有限公司 | 一种变压器辐射型铁心柱制作方法 |
CN103817790B (zh) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-01-27 | 苏州混凝土水泥制品研究院有限公司 | 一种磁圈与Halbach阵列的制作方法 |
DE102013217857B4 (de) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-07-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Stator für eine elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Stators |
CN105405570B (zh) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-07-25 | 上海日立电器有限公司 | 压缩机用粘结钕铁硼环形磁铁的充磁方法 |
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