WO2009140327A2 - Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer - Google Patents

Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009140327A2
WO2009140327A2 PCT/US2009/043698 US2009043698W WO2009140327A2 WO 2009140327 A2 WO2009140327 A2 WO 2009140327A2 US 2009043698 W US2009043698 W US 2009043698W WO 2009140327 A2 WO2009140327 A2 WO 2009140327A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ara
smolt
epa
salmon
feed
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Application number
PCT/US2009/043698
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English (en)
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WO2009140327A3 (fr
Inventor
Moti Harel
Original Assignee
Advanced Bionutrition Corporation,
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Application filed by Advanced Bionutrition Corporation, filed Critical Advanced Bionutrition Corporation,
Priority to EP09747411A priority Critical patent/EP2293688A4/fr
Publication of WO2009140327A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009140327A2/fr
Publication of WO2009140327A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009140327A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80—Feeding devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to salmon smolt feeding, and more specifically, to the enhancement of growth performance of the salmon smolt when transferring from fresh water hatcheries to salt water environment by introducing a feeding regime with increased levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) prior to such sea water transfer to increase the ratio of ARA to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) to at least 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue of the salmon smolt at the stage of sea water transfer.
  • ARA arachidonic acid
  • EPA eicosapentanoic acid
  • a critical stage of current salmon farming practice is the transfer of smolts from freshwater hatcheries to ocean net pens when they have attained a critical size of approximately 70-110 grams body weight (for reviews see: (Eddy 1981; Bley and Moring 1988; Bakke, Bjerknes et al. 1991; Jonsson, Hansen et al. 1993).
  • the newly placed smolt in the ocean net pens do not grow optimally during their first 40-60 day interval in seawater because of the presence of osmotic stress that delays their feeding (Salminen, Erkamo et al. 2001).
  • HSPs Heat shock proteins
  • the present invention provides for farmed raised salmon smolt using standard aquaculture practices and further defined by a specific fatty acid composition of the gills of the raised salmon smolt that comprise an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 and that subsequently grow faster and are more resistant to stress associated with the transfer from fresh to sea water.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides for a method of feeding farm raised salmon smolt and/or parr to prepare same for the transition from a fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing a smolt/parr feed composition comprising ARA and EPA wherein the ratio of ARA to EPA is at least 0.2; and administering the feed composition to the smolt/parr for at least 7 weeks prior to the transfer from fresh to sea water habitat, and more preferably from about 10 to 15 weeks prior to such transfer thereby providing for smolt salmon having an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue at the time of transfer.
  • Such feed may comprise conventional ingredients well known to those with experience in salmon aquaculture and preferably contain ARA at levels of from 2% to 5% of total fatty acids while maintaining EPA levels from 5% to 10% of total fatty acids.
  • the feed composition may comprises, fish meal, fish oil lipid components, and/or microalgal oil or microalgal biomass containing long chain fatty acids such as ARA, EPA and DHA. Further, the feed comprises a DHA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.5.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides for a feed wherein the proportion between ARA and EPA in the lipids is sufficient to increase the ARA proportion in gill and kidney tissues of smolt to at least a level that matches the levels of EPA.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention provides for a method to increase levels of heat shock proteins for enhanced adaptation of hyperosmotic stress in smolt salmon after transfer from fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing a smolt/parr feed composition wherein the feed composition comprises ARA and EPA and wherein the ratio of ARA to EPA is at least 0.2, and more preferably a ratio of at least 0.5 to 2; and administering the feed composition to the smolt/parr for at least 7 weeks prior to the transfer from fresh to sea water habitat, and more preferably from about 10 to 15 weeks prior to such transfer thereby providing for smolt having at least twice the levels of heat shock proteins relative to smolt consuming a feed lacking a ratio of ARA to EPA of at least 0.2.
  • a still further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of feeding smolt salmon before transfer of the smolt salmon from fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing smolt salmon having a fish weight of about 30 g; feeding the smolt salmon a feed containing a balanced proportion of ARA/EPA of at least 0.2 for at least 4 weeks prior to the transfer of from fresh to salt water habitat or until the smolt salmon reaches the weight of 100 g.
  • the transferred smolt salmon are fed the feed containing a balanced proportion of ARA/EPA of at least 0.2 for additional 30 days after the sea water transfer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a smolt salmon having a weight of approximately 80 to 110 grams and having an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue.
  • the gill and/or kidney tissue is tested for an ARA/EPA ratio level greater than 0.9 in the 10 day period before transfer from the fresh to salt water environment.
  • Yet another aspect relates to a feed comprising fish meal or fish oil substantially balanced by the addition of ARA.
  • the term “smolt” is used to describe a salmon fingerling that is cultured in fresh water and is about to transfer to seawater.
  • the term "parr” is used to describe a salmon fingerling that is undergoing physiological changes that result in visible morphological and behavior changes known as smoltification.
  • Salmon aquaculture typically involves the raising of salmon fry in freshwater followed by their transfer to sea water where they are grown to a commercial size on diets containing predominantly fish meal and fish oil. During the freshwater to sea water transition (i.e., smoltification), the fish are under a high degree of stress and grow poorly and are susceptible to disease.
  • Tissues of the salmon have an osmolality of about 5-7 parts per thousand (ppt).
  • ppt parts per thousand
  • salmon eggs are hatched in fresh water (ca. 2-4 ppt) and the salmon fry matures into a parr that then must go through the smoltification process of gradual increases in salinity up to full strength seawater (ca. 25-28 ppt) prior to stocking seawater pens for the grow-out phase of the commercial process. This transition period is very stressful on the fish and results in reduced growth rates and increases in disease susceptibility.
  • Conventional salmon aquaculture feeds are rich in fish oil (ca. up to 25% by weight) which itself is rich in EPA.
  • the present invention has shown that surprisingly the addition of a certain long chain omega-6 lipid, that being ARA, to the diet of pre-smolt fish allows these animals to pass through this process with a minimal impact on growth and disease sensitivity.
  • the net result is a significant improvement of growth and shortening the time to reach market size.
  • Such an invention can significantly improve the economics of commercial salmon production.
  • ARA can be produced by the elongation and desaturation of omega-6 fatty acid precursors such as linoleic acid.
  • EPA can be produced by the elongation and desaturation of omega-3 precursors such as linolenic acid.
  • omega-6 precursors to ARA is antagonized by long chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and its eicosanoid derivatives (Bell, Castell et al. 1995).
  • the enzymatic conversion of omega-3 precursors to EPA is antagonized by ARA and its eicosanoid derivatives.
  • DHA long chain omega-3 fatty acids
  • Sources of ARA and its esters may include ARA-containing microbial oils or biomass (Barclay 2008), ARA containing algal oils or biomass (Kyle 2005). ARA extracts from animal byproducts such as brain or liver (Abril and Wills 2008), ARA from recombinant plants or microbes (Chen 2008) or ARA from egg yolk. Sources or DHA and its esters that have minimal levels of EPA and its esters include micoralgal oils and their biomass (Bailey, Dimasi et al. 2008), recombinant microbial products (Chen 2008; Metz, Weaver et al.
  • Example 1 Preparation of salmon smolt feed containing ARA/EPA ratio of at least 0.2.
  • a standard commercial diet for smolt (commercially available as starter feed from Ziegler Bros, PA with 2 and 3 mm pellets) was analyzed for its EPA content. Then the same starter feed was enhanced according to the methods of the present invention by top coating the pellets with ARA oil (40% ARA, Martek BioSci. Columbia, MD) to adjust the ARA/EPA ratio in the diet to at least 0.2.
  • Table 1 provides the fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids) of a standard commercial diet and diet of the present invention.
  • Example 2 Feeding schedule of salmon smolt the feed of the present invention.
  • Each diet was assigned to two tanks containing 120 fish in each starting average size of 30 g. Smoltification was induced when the fish reached an average weight of 85g. Fish were then transferred to sea water and continue feeding for additional 4 weeks.
  • Table 2 shows the ARA and EPA levels in salmon smolt at the stage of sea water transfer that fed standard diet or diet of the present invention.
  • Example 3 Growth of salmon smolt fed the diet of the present invention in sea water.
  • qRT-PCR Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Salminen, M., E. Erkamo, et al. (2001). "Diet of post-smolt and one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon, in the Bothnian Sea, Northern Baltic.” Journal of Fish Biology 58: 16-35.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un saumoneau comprenant un rapport acide arachidonique (ARA) sur acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA) d'un ou plus, spécifiquement dans des tissus de branchie et de rein. L'invention porte sur un additif alimentaire contenant ARA et sur son utilisation dans une quantité suffisante pour équilibrer la quantité en excès de EPA provenant des huiles marines utilisées dans l'alimentation standard pour saumon. L'invention porte également sur un procédé pour moduler le rapport ARA/EPA de branchie et de rein en faveur de ARA. Un saumoneau de la présente invention démontre une récupération de croissance supérieure et une résistance au stress supérieure après leur transfert en eau de mer.
PCT/US2009/043698 2008-05-13 2009-05-13 Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer WO2009140327A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09747411A EP2293688A4 (fr) 2008-05-13 2009-05-13 Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5280208P 2008-05-13 2008-05-13
US61/052,802 2008-05-13

Publications (2)

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WO2009140327A2 true WO2009140327A2 (fr) 2009-11-19
WO2009140327A3 WO2009140327A3 (fr) 2010-03-11

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EP (1) EP2293688A4 (fr)
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012021703A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stratégie d'alimentation durable utilisable en aquaculture
WO2012021686A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Produits améliorés à base de chair d'animaux d'aquaculture
US8968721B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2015-03-03 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
US9044497B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2015-06-02 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
US9072310B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2015-07-07 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Dry food product containing live probiotic
EP3075261A1 (fr) 2015-03-31 2016-10-05 Universidad De Santiago De Chile Formulation d'un complément alimentaire d'un extrait d'hypericum perforatum et rosmarinus officinalis (ro) ou d'un mélange des deux, qui améliore les barrières d'antioxydants endogènes, augmente le gain de poids dans l'élevage de poissons, et prolonge la durée de vie des poissons d'élevage affectés par des événements stressants et réduit une infection pathogène
US9504750B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2016-11-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Stabilizing composition for biological materials
US9504275B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2016-11-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Dry storage stabilizing composition for biological materials
US9623094B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2017-04-18 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Microparticulated vaccines for the oral or nasal vaccination and boostering of animals including fish
US9731020B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2017-08-15 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Dry glassy composition comprising a bioactive material
WO2019048776A1 (fr) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-14 Ynsect Poudre d'insectes pour prevenir ou reduire le stress des poissons pendant l'elevage
US10953050B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2021-03-23 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stable dry probiotic compositions for special dietary uses
US11214597B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2022-01-04 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stable dry powder composition comprising biologically active microorganisms and/or bioactive materials and methods of making

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EP1087669B2 (fr) * 1998-06-17 2010-09-22 DSM IP Assets B.V. Composition pour l'alimentation d'animaux marins comprenant de l'acide arachidonique microbien
CA2424570A1 (fr) * 2000-09-07 2002-03-14 University Of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Utilisation de l'acide arachidonique pour renforcer l'elevage des larves de poissons et le stock de reproducteurs
GB0300602D0 (en) * 2003-01-10 2003-02-12 Forinnova As Compositions
EP1619960A4 (fr) * 2003-03-07 2009-03-18 Advanced Bionutrition Corp Preparation d'aliments pour animaux terrestres et aquatiques
GB0417977D0 (en) * 2004-08-12 2004-09-15 Seabait Ltd "Enhanced aquaculture feeds"

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9044497B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2015-06-02 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
US9737578B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2017-08-22 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
US8968721B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2015-03-03 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
US9480276B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2016-11-01 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Dry food product containing live probiotic
US9072310B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2015-07-07 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Dry food product containing live probiotic
US9623094B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2017-04-18 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Microparticulated vaccines for the oral or nasal vaccination and boostering of animals including fish
US11214597B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2022-01-04 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stable dry powder composition comprising biologically active microorganisms and/or bioactive materials and methods of making
US10575545B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2020-03-03 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stabilizing composition for biological materials
US9504750B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2016-11-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Stabilizing composition for biological materials
US9731020B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2017-08-15 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Dry glassy composition comprising a bioactive material
US10206421B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2019-02-19 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stabilizing composition for biological materials
WO2012021703A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stratégie d'alimentation durable utilisable en aquaculture
WO2012021686A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Produits améliorés à base de chair d'animaux d'aquaculture
US9504275B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2016-11-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Dry storage stabilizing composition for biological materials
EP3075261A1 (fr) 2015-03-31 2016-10-05 Universidad De Santiago De Chile Formulation d'un complément alimentaire d'un extrait d'hypericum perforatum et rosmarinus officinalis (ro) ou d'un mélange des deux, qui améliore les barrières d'antioxydants endogènes, augmente le gain de poids dans l'élevage de poissons, et prolonge la durée de vie des poissons d'élevage affectés par des événements stressants et réduit une infection pathogène
US10953050B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2021-03-23 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stable dry probiotic compositions for special dietary uses
JP2020532308A (ja) * 2017-09-06 2020-11-12 インセクト 飼育下の魚類のストレスを防止又は減少するための昆虫粉末
WO2019048776A1 (fr) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-14 Ynsect Poudre d'insectes pour prevenir ou reduire le stress des poissons pendant l'elevage
US11432567B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2022-09-06 Ynsect Insect powder for the prevention or reduction of stress in fish during rearing
JP7293200B2 (ja) 2017-09-06 2023-06-19 インセクト 飼育下の魚類のストレスを防止又は減少するための昆虫粉末

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Publication number Publication date
EP2293688A2 (fr) 2011-03-16
EP2293688A4 (fr) 2011-05-25
CL2009001164A1 (es) 2010-04-09
WO2009140327A3 (fr) 2010-03-11

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