WO2009135536A1

WO2009135536A1 - Engine provided with means for recovering and reusing exhaust gases of heat engines

Info

Publication number: WO2009135536A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/064598
Authority: WO
Inventors: Domenico Corigliano
Original assignee: Domenico Corigliano
Priority date: 2008-05-09
Filing date: 2008-10-28
Publication date: 2009-11-12
Also published as: ES2384137B1; ES2384137A1; ES2384137A8; ITGE20080042A1

Abstract

Combustion engine comprising: - a combustion chamber (104) - means for forcing comburent air in contact with the fuel into the combustion chamber - means for converting heat developed during the combustion into mechanical work said combustion chamber (104) is inside a cylindrical case (101) in which means for moving air and exhaust gases are provided, which means produce flows of air or of said gases with a predetermined pressure.

Description

ENGINE PROVIDED WITH MEANS FOR RECOVERING AND REUSING EXHAUST GASES OF HEAT ENGINES

The present invention relates to an engine provided with means for recovering and reusing exhaust gases of heat engines called "exhaust gas recycling

10 engine M. R. G. C." or "hydrogen electric gas engine

G.E.I.".

Heat engines are intended for converting an amount of heat from a fluid or gas into mechanical work in the form of rotational motion or reciprocating straight 15 motion.

Particularly endothermic engines directly use heat energy of combustion products and the combustion process and therefore heat is fed inside the engine.

Explosion engines and diesel engines and gas 20 turbines belong to the class of endothermic engines.

With reference to gradual carburation or combustion engines the required heat is developed inside the cylinder of the engine, igniting, by means of an electric spark emitted by a spark pulg, a light 25 fuel and air mixture, introduced into the upper chamber of the cylinder already under the proper ratios . Air- fuel mixture is compressed and burnt, developing in the combustion step a considerable amount of very hot gases that expand and urge the piston connected to the output 30 shaft, allowing it to develop a certain work. Such type of engines operate under open cycle, since combustion products cannot be processed again for being further expanded. Combustion products therefore are discharged in the environment and the cycle starts again with another combustible mixture sent to the cylinder from the carburator.

In gas turbines the fuel forced by a pump contacts the comburent air within a combustion chamber where heat developed by the combustion is directly used, directing into turbines the same combustion products and converting their thermal energy into mechanical work.

Also in such case the system operates under open cycle and exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere and a new fluid is processed for the combustion process.

Moreover heat recovering systems, so called "regeneration" systems, are known, which are composed of a heat exchanger placed upstream of the combustion chamber and fed by exhaust gases in the turbine.

The aim of the present invention is to provide an engine provided with means for reusing exhaust gases such that said gases can be re-directed into the combustion chamber in order to start a new cycle producing heat, reducing the amount of fuel injected into the chamber .

The engine is hybrid since it operates by means of gas and electric current. 85% of the heat is generated by means of uniform magnetic coils . 15% of the heat generated by gas acts as a temperature regulator. If temperature inside the combustion chamber decreases under a certain value the gas mixture brings the temperature back to a proper operating level . A further aim of the present invention is to limit the work done by engine starter means such to have less consumption .

Above aims are achieved by means of an engine for heat engines comprising: - a combustion chamber

- means for forcing comburent air in contact with the fuel into the combustion chamber

- means for converting heat developed during the combustion into mechanical work wherein the combustion chamber is inside a cylindrical case in which means for moving air and exhaust gases are provided, which means produce an air flow, with a certain compression degree of the air.

Means for moving air and exhaust gases are composed of a rotor shaft arranged coaxially with respect to the major axis of the cylindrical case with one or more crowns of blades fitted thereto arranged according to one or more radial planes such to form fans . Particularly said shaft has two assemblies of blades , each one composed of one or more crowns of blades , placed near ends of the cylindrical case such to define a central area of said case wherein the combustion chamber is arranged. According to a preferred embodiment the combustion chamber has a toroidal shape and extends about said cylindrical case wherein gas and air are moved by means of fans . Paticularly said fans are arranged at ends of the cylindrical case and are spaced apart correspondingly to the thickness or diameter of the toroidal combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber is in communication with said cylindrical case by means of ports such to allow the passage of input and output air or gas mixtures in said combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber is provided with nozzles of the apparatus for metering the proper amount of fuel to be reacted with air in proper ratios .

In order to allow air to enter the cylindrical case and so the combustion chamber, at one end of the cylindrical case there are provided one or more intake valves and at the opposite end of said case there is provided a valve, so called turbine-valve. Particularly said turbine-valve is a device allowing the passage of exhaust gases to be regulated towards means converting heat developed during the combustion into mechanical work, particularly towards the engine turbine.

Moreover in order to allow air and exhaust gases to recirculate inside the cylindrical case there is provided a plant for recirculating air and exhaust gases . Said plant is composed of a series of ducts arranged near the cylindrical case .

Inlets of ducts for gas to enter them are arranged both upstream and downstream of the turbine-valve such to re-direct both output gases from the cylindrical case and output exhaust gases from the turbine.

Particularly inlets of ducts upstream of the turbine-valve allow to recirculate many times and so also to compress, also by means of the blade rotation, the air inside the cylindrical case such to obtain temperature and pressure values necessary for the combustion.

Near said duct ports , particularly of ducts upstream of the turbine-valve, there are provided valves, defined as valves for recirculating air and exhasut gases inside ducts, and said valves act for increasing temperature and pressure when the engine is in the starting step. When the engine reaches the operating temperature and pressure recirculation valves definitevely close and they open only when the engine is again started.

On the contrary, outlets of ducts for air and exhaust gases recirculation are placed upstream of the combustion chamber, particularly near intake valves. Therefore it is possible to recirculate input air inside the cylindrical case and combustion chamber and to adjust input fuel inside the chamber by means of injectors such to bring or keep pressure and temperature at operating values inside the cylindrical case and combustion chamber.

According to a preferred embodiment the wall of ducts is heated by means of coils such that gases therein are heated to a predetermined operating temperature . After the combustion phase and after expanding exhaust gases in the engine turbine, performing a work, output exhaust gases from the turbine can be recirculated and heated and gases by means of branched ducts come back into the combustion chamber and the cycle of exhaust gases goes on under continuous cycle.

85% of heat of gases that are redirected into the combustion chamber and into the cylindrical case is supplied by uniform magnetic coils fed by an autonomous generator and the residual 15% of heat generated by gas acts as temperature regulator. If the temperature decreases, gas mixture under combustion brings temperature in the combustion chamber back to a standard operating level.

According to a preferred embodiment the operation of intake valves and/or of the rotor shaft upon which blades are fitted and/or coils is controlled by an autonomous electric generator controlled by a computer.

Such electric motor therefore allows intake valves to be started allowing the cycle to be started leading to the start of the combustion cycle.

The engine as a whole is controlled and operated by a control panel comprising safety acoustic and visual devices , particularly devices for verifying temperature and pressure values. Moreover there are provided safety valves and systems for controlling pressure and temperature which are arranged on walls of the combustion chamber and/or on walls of the cylindrical case . Moreover in order to prevent various components to be overheated there are provided air and liquid cooling means . These and other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more clear from the following description of some embodiments shown in annexed drawings wherein: Fig.l is the theoretical cycle in the antrophic diagram according to the present invention;

Fig.2 is the heat recovering cycle according to the present invention;

Fig.3 is a schematical view of the operation of the engine according to the present invention,

Fig.4 is a schematical view of the engine according to the present invention;

Fig.5 is a schematical view of a further embodiment of the engine according to the present invention.

Fig.6 is a schematical view of a furher embodiment of the engine according to the present invention.

The engine according to the present invention is provided with uniform magnetic coils and it is composed of the parts listed below:

- exhaust gas recirculation ducts

- upper cylinder

- lower cylinder

- toroidal combustion chamber - fans or blades of a turbine or rotor,

- top cover of the engine,

- fan-supporting main shaft.

As shown in figures 4 and 5 the engine according to the present invention comprises a central body 1 wherein a combustion chamber 104 is provided. The central body 1 can be composed of a cylindrical case 101 wherein a coaxial shaft 102 is provided upon which one or more crowns of blades 103 are fitted which are arranged according to radial planes such to form fans placed in row along the shaft 102.

Said blades 103 rotating together with the shaft

102 at a quite high rotational speed, allow output and input air and gases to be forced into the combustion chamber 104 generating a predetermined pressure inside the combustion chamber.

Each crown of blades 103 can have a seal ring for guaranteeing an increased support, that is to strengthen fans and to keep the compression and sealing of fan blades 103.

The shaft 102 upon which blades 103 are fitted can be driven by a direct coupling to an electric starter motor 2: the shaft 102 rotates by means of known rotational supporting means comprising bearings, lubrication systems and seal boxes.

Particularly bearings are liquid-cooled and oil- lubricated.

According to a preferred embodiment the shaft 102 has two assemblies of blades 103, each one composed of a number of crowns of blades 103. Each one of said blade assemblies is placed near one of the ends of the cylindrical case 101, while said two assemblies are spaced apart at an intermediate or central area such to define the combustion chamber 104 in said central area of the case 101. The cylindrical case 101 and shaft 102 assembly with one or more crowns of blades 103 constitutes a turbine. Particularly the turbine has two assemblies of blades 103 arranged at ends of the shaft 102 with an intermediate combustion chamber 104.

As shown in figure 4 assemblies of blades 103 placed upstream and downstream of the combustion chamber 104 can have the same dimensions.

According to a further embodiment the second assembly of blades 103 placed downstream of the combustion chamber 101 can have greater dimensions, such that hot gases are forced more easily towards a turbine 3 where gas expansion occurs producing work.

Inside the combustion chamber 104, which can have a toroidal shape, the air sucked in from the outside is compressed up to a certain pressure value P2 and it is mixed with fuel, in the starting step of the engine, deriving from a pump, and it is ignited due to high temperature thereof, and in a further embodiment, due to a burning or ignition member.

As shown in figure 2 the engine can be started when air enters the cylindrical case 101 and then the combustion chamber 104.

Air drawn from the atmoshpere under specific temperature and pressure conditions Tl and Pl enters the cylindrical case 101 through intake valves 105, placed on the surface of said case 101 that is on the top mount or cover of said case 101.

Intake valves 105 are operated by a suitable propelling or starter motor 2, not shown, allowing valves 105, controlled by the computer, to suck an amount of air sufficient for the first combustion.

It is possible to provide the starter motor 2 to start the rotation of the shaft 102 with blades 103 and intake valves 105.

According to a preferred embodiment there are provided four to eight intake valves 105 for the starting step, which valves 105 act for drawing air and for compressing it up to a certain pressure inside the combustion chamber 104.

Air is drawn in the cylindrical case 101 and is compressed to a pressure value P2 raising temperature up to a value T2.

By means of the rotation of blades 103 air is forced into the combustion chamber 104 where fuel is injected and ignited leading to a great amount of exhaust gases that can perform an expansion work due to their pressure.

Inside the combustion chamber 104 there are provided injectors 106 of the apparatus providing to meter the appropriate amount of fuel to be reacted with air according to proper ratios .

Fuels that can be used are methane, LPG, propane and hydrogen. A preferred embodiment provides eight to twelve injectors 106.

The supply system is composed of very high- pressure injectors and of a combustion pre-chamber with spark plug ignition with check reed valve. The combustion process, gradually and continuously burning different types of fuel, produces hot gases, at a temperature T3 , which are directed into the turbine 3 upon rotation of the second assembly of blades 103 wherein the turbine rotor is rotationally dragged. Particularly products deriving from the combustion are discharged from the lower portion of the cylindrical case 101, through a valve, defined as turbine-valve 107, that is open when the engine is running or in the operating step they expand from the pressure P2 up to the discharge pressure Pl performing work, which is collected by the movable member of the machine and directly used by the propeller shaft as rotary motion.

Two systems can be individually used, rotor or turbine system. These two mechanical members are provided with a uniform magnetic coil .

Bearings of each mechanical member are oil- lubricated and liquid-cooled.

The turbine-valve 107 is placed at the end of the cylindrical case 101 opposite with respect to intake valves 105, particularly as shown in figure 4 the lower portion of the cylindrical chamber 101 has a conical end connecting said turbine-valve 107.

According to a preferred embodiment intake valves 105, the rotating shaft 103 and the turbine 3 of the machine are bring into line, particularly the rotating shaft 103 is placed along the central major axis of the cylindrical case 101 and on the same axis of the turbine 3 of the machine. It is possible to provide the turbine to be replaced by any moving member, for example a piston or the like, for performing a work.

According to the present invention, such as shown in figure 2, the output can be improved by exploiting the residual heat contained in exhaust gases, on average equal to 450-500 C° , by directing again exhaust gases through ducts or piping 4 into the cylindrical case 101 and so into the combustion chamber 104.

Thus exhaust gas is pre-heated by uniform magnetic coils to return as overheated gas into the combustion chamber. Outlets 401 of the duct system 4 for recovering heat from exhaust gases and for pre-heating said gases are upstream of the compression chamber 104 and the system is composed of a series of ducts 4, that, in combination with a valve system, allow exhaust gases to be recovered, allow said gases to be heated and re-directed into the cylindrical case 101 near intake valves 105 and the first assembly of blades 103 and then allow gas to be forced towards the combustion chamber 104. The system is composed of ducts 4 placed near the cylindrical case 101.

The wall of ducts 4 is heated by means of coils , shown in broken lines in figures , particularly very high-temperature magnetic coils. Such coils can be provided also on walls of the cylindrical case 101 and of the combustion chamber 104.

According to one embodiment ducts 4 extend one for each side of the cylindrical case 101 and combustion chamber 104 and they branch into smaller ducts, from four to eight ducts for each side, till reaching the top portion of the cylinder 101.

Coils are operated and uniformly heated by means of an autonomous electric generator.

According to a preferred embodiment the electric motor 2 is used for the starting step and consequently, by means of the computer, said starter motor allow intake valves 105 to operate and the shaft 103 to rotate. Coils are autonomously heated by means of the autonomous electric generator. The inlet 403 of one or more ducts is placed both upstream and downstream of the turbine-valve 107.

Near said inlets valves are placed, so called recirculation valves 108, whose opening or closure adjusts the air recirculated inside ducts 4 only during the starting step.

Thus, as schematically shown in figure 3, it is possible to recirculate not only exhaust gases, that is gases that following the combustion and the opening of the turbine-valve 107, expand increasing the volume and contemporaneously decreasing temperature and pressure thus performing a certain amount of work that is collected and used by moving members 3 of the engine, but it is also possible to recirculate gas mixtures introduced through intake valves 105, opening only for the starting step and remaining closed when the engine is in operation, inside the cylindrical case 101, such that pressure inside it is increased at each recirculation step till reaching the ideal pressure for the combustion to occur and therefore such to have temperature and pressure values necessary to produce hot gas allowing a work to be performed.

Consequently according to the present invention during the initial starting step, the electric motor 2 starts the engine, the autonomous electric generator heats coils and valves 105 open for drawing air. When gas recirculation valves 108 are open and the turbine- valve 107, placed upstream of the turbine 3, is closed, gases contained into the cylindrical case 101 can recirculate through ducts 4 , till reaching certain pressure and temperature conditions. Particularly when a value equal to 50% of the operating pressure value P3 is reached, air intake valves 105 close and injectors 106 placed into the combustion chamber 104 inject fuel. Upon reaching the operating temperature and pressure, for example a temperature T3 of 1000 C° and a pressure P3 of 100 bar, gas recirculation valves 108 placed at inlets 403 of ducts upstream of the turbine-valve 107 close, the turbine-valve 107 opens and gases generated by the combustion can expand performing a work on blades of the turbine 3.

By means of the very high-pressure injection system, the combustion mixture is ignited due to spontaneous combustion due to the high temperature of 1000 C° within the combustion chamber 104. Supply system comprises:

- a small combustion chamber,

- a very high-pressure injector,

- a turbine allowing combustion gases to be forced into the toroidal combustion chamber, - an ignition element. By means of a series of gears the turbine 3 keeps blades 103 in operation, that by rotating, direct high- temperature exhaust gases through insulated ducts 4 into the combustion chamber 4. According to a preferred embodiment fans or blades 103 to turbine ratio is 5 to 1.

The engine comprises openings and closures of supply and discharge ducts allowing steps described above to be performed, due to their proper rate. Particularly the following is provided:

- air intake and compression valves 105,

- turbine-valve 107,

- gas recirculation valves 108

- safety and pressure relief valves 109. Safety valves 109 and systems for controlling pressure and temperature are placed on walls of the combustion chamber 104 and/or on walls of the cylindrical case 101: if pressure exceeds predetermined values the engine is prevented from being damaged by the opening of valves 109.

On the contrary if temperature and pressure decrease below values of a proper operation of the engine, injectors 106 arranged into the combustion chamber 104 can inject new fuel such that the air/fuel ratio and the end-combustion temperature T3 are kept almost constant.

As a whole the engine forms a small plant, and the small overall dimensions and the small size of additional means cause all the assembly to be installed on a single support, thus taking the compact shape of a common engine .

The engine according to the present invention can have a small cubic volume or a great cubic volume for moving ships , having a weight of many tons , or for generating electric energy.

Therefore the engine provides exhaust gases deriving from the combustion to be reused, which gases are re-directed into the combustion chamber by means of insulated ducts 4 and fans 103. The engine according to the present invention operates with a continuous cycle and it can guarantee to save about 97% when it is perfectly tuned up or improved. At the peak of the engine development the electric consumption is supposed to be 98% and the gas consumption is supposed to be 2%.

With reference to high temperatures that can be reached for produced gases it is necessary for all elements composing the engine to be made of materials able to withstand high operating temperatures. It is necessary to cool the different components of the engine in order to limit their overheating: the cooling can occur by means of atmospheric air jets, for example also by means of atmospheric air jets towards the combustion chamber or by means of liquid cooling. A third cooling system is to decrease the electric voltage within coils. By decreasing the voltage, by means of an electronic control by computer, the temperature descreases and it is brought to standard operating values . The three systems can operate contemporaneously or individually .

The engine described above involves the provision of different equipment, such as air intake and compression valves, heater, turbines and ducts for recovering exhaust gases, speed governor, all necessary for performing a correct operation and for reaching acceptable outputs .

Said speed governor is subjected to liquid cooling and oil lubrication. It is possible to provide a stabilizer plate.

The stabilizer plate is arranged at the front of of each assembly of blades 103 placed near the two ends of the cylindrical case 101 i.e. a stabilizer plate is at the front of the first assembly of blades 103, between the surface or cover of said case 101 and the first crown of blades 103 and another stabilizer plate is placed at the front of the second assembly of blades 103, that is between the combustion chamber and the first crown of blades 103 of the second assembly of blades 103 arranged near the lower end of the cylindrical case 101.

Said stabilizer plate has holes whose diameter radially decreases from the coaxial shaft 102 to the outer circumference of said plate i.e. said holes are wide-sized near the shaft 102, are middle-sized in the centre of the plate and are small-sized at ends, towards the peripherical edge of said plate .

Holes of the plate can have a cone shape.

The stabilizer plate allows fans placed near gas intake locations not to be oscillated, due to the high pressure of gases.

Even stabilizer plates can be heated by uniform magnetic coils .

The engine is tuned and operated by a control panel comprising safety acoustic and visual devices and wherein pressures and temperatures of each component are indicated. The device and control panel allow electrical and mechanical components of the engine to be monitored. For example by using a push-button panel placed on the control panel it is possible to act on one or more components of the engine, for example on safety valves .

According to a further embodiment the engine according to the present invention can be fed also with hydrogen by making changes thereto.

Anyhow the engine is still not so much complex and it is easy to be manufactured with a high compactedness due to technical characteristics. Such arrangement allows all equipment composing the engine to be easily installed and transported.

In the following there is shown the operation or starting relation of the engine. In order to start the engine it is necessary to:

- heat uniform coils at very high temperature and heat all prearranged parts of the engine,

- close the turbine-valve 107 placed between the turbine 3 and the cylindrical case 101, open two gas recirculation valves 108 and open intake valves 105, being from two to eight, - operate the electric starter motor 2, - bring the engine pressure at 50% of the operating pressure,

- close intake valves 105: very high-pressure injectors 106 pump gas and oxygen mixture inside the combustion chamber 104 in order to obtain the operating pressure and temperature values,

- close the two gas recirculation valves 108, open the turbine-valve 107 and the engine is operated. If the engine exceeds the operating pressure the four pressure relief valves 109 open and release the exceeding pressure.

If pressure and temperature decrease very high- pressure injectors 106 start to pump an amount of fuel necessary to bring back pressure and temperature to operating values .

According to a further embodiment the exhaust gas recycling engine = M. R. G. C. - electric, gas - electric, air - electric, steam can use any type of fuel and said engine has additional parts, ducts for compensating the pressure between lower cones, i.e. between cone-like portions provided between the lower end of the cylindrical case 101 and the turbine-valve 107, and the combustion chamber or expansion chamber 104. In the engine arrangement shown in figure 6 the fan-supporting shaft 102 is elongated such to project past lower cones in order to avoid stresses or bending such to make the frame more solid and to avoid stresses at high rotational speed. Two bearings and flywheel and the engine starting system are added. The drive for the fan-supporting shaft 102 is given both by the lower portion and by the upper portion of the engine . From one lower cone shown in figure 5 there is the passage to two lower cones such as shown in figure 6, with two gas emitting nozzles and a turbine for both the two gas emitting nozzles can be mounted or a turbine for each gas emitting nozzle can be mounted (= two turbines) , or it is possible to mount two turbines on the same shaft. The two shafts connected to the turbine giving the motion are provided with a clutch 112: when the engine is under temperature and pressure the electronic system engages the clutch and allows other mechanical members to take the motion. The engine can be started, by means of the electric motor 2 both from the upper portion and from the lower portion of the engine . The drive for the rotation of fans 103 occurs both from the upper portion and from the lower portion of the engine. It should be remembered that all versions of such engine in all its inner parts are covered with high electric voltage and high-temperature magnetic coils. Coils are uniform.

As regards the electric-air engine and the electric-steam engine the same changes of the electric- gas version are valid except for some changes between different models . Anyhow the engine can operate with many types of fuel. The steam version has a boiler for producing steam necessary to operate. The air version has a pre-heating system for air required for the operation of the engine. As regards the steam-electric recycle version temperature should reach 500⁰C, the same temperature values should be valid also for the electric-air engine version. For these two versions the consumption is supposed to be zero. The two air and steam versions of the engine are not provided with air filling valves for quickly starting the engine. They are provided with very high pressure injectors for filling hot air and hot steam. In order to start the air-steam engine it is necessary to overheat uniform magnetic coils of the engine and so to close the valve 107 between the nozzle and the turbine and to open recirculation valves 108 when pressure reaches theoretical 50 bars and theoretical temperature of 500 C°. Recirculation valves 108 close and the valve 107 between the nozzle and the turbine opens, the engine enters operating step and pressure is kept by very high-pressure injectors. Parameters for the steam engine are also valid for air engine. It is supposed that when the gas electric engine is under temperature, gas consumption should decrease to about 5% or less, gas being a heat regulator.

Types of valves for operating the different types of engines : 1. V.A.A. = Atmospheric Air Valve (105)

2. V. I. P. I = Inner Pressure Relief Valve (109)

3. V. R. P. C. C. E. = Combustion or Expansion Chamber and Cone Pressure Regulating Valve (110)

4. V. R. T. C. C. E. = Combustion or Expansion Chamber Pressure Regulating Valve (111) 5. V.A. U. G. S. T. = Valve opening Gas Emitting Nozzle on Turbine (107)

6. V. S. = Safety Valve (109)

7. V. R. G. = Gas Recirculation Valve (108) The engine operates with different types of fuel , the most important versions are listed in the following:

M. R. G. C/ G. E. = Exhaust Gas Recycling Engine. Gas Electric M. R. G. C / V. E = Exhaust Gas Recycling Engine. Steam Electric

M. R. G. C / A. E = Exhaust Gas Recycling Engine. Air Electric

Obviously the invention is not limited to above embodiments but it can be widely changed, without departing from the information principle described above and claimed below.

Claims

1. Combustion engine comprising:

- a combustion chamber (104) - means for forcing comburent air in contact with the fuel into the combustion chamber

- means for converting heat developed during the combustion into mechanical work characterized in that said combustion chamber (104) is inside a cylindrical case (101) in which means for moving air and exhaust gases are provided, which means produce flows of air or of said gases with a predetermined pressure.

2. Engine according to claim 1 characterized in that said means are composed of a shaft (102) arranged coaxially with respect to the major axis of the cylindrical case (101) with one or more crowns of blades (103) fitted thereto arranged according to one or more radial planes such to form fans arranged in rows.

3. Engine according to claim 2 , characterized in that said shaft (102) has two assemblies of blades

(103) , each one composed of one or more crowns of blades (103) , which assemblies are placed near ends of the cylindrical case (101) such to define a central area of said case (101) wherein the combustion chamber

(104) is arranged.

4. Engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the combustion chamber has a toroidal shape and it extends about the cilindrical case (101) and it is in communication with said case (101) by means of ports, said combustion chamber (104) is provided with injectors (106) of the apparatus for metering the proper amount of fuel to be reacted with air in proper ratios .

5. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that at one end of the cylindrical case (101) there are provided one or more intake valves (105) in order to allow air to enter the cylindrical case (101) and at the opposite end of said case (101) there is provided a valve, so called turbine-valve (107) , for regulating the passage of exhaust gases towards means converting heat developed during the combustion into mechanical work, particularly towards the engine turbine (3) .

6. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims , characterized in that there is provided a plant for recirculating air and exhaust gases inside said cylindrical case (101)

7. Engine according to claim 6, characterized in that said plant is composed of a series of ducts (4) arranged near the cylindrical case (101) .

8. Engine according to claim 7 , characterized in that inlets (403) of said ducts (4) for gases to enter them are arranged upstream of the turbine-valve (107) such to redirect output gases from the cylindrical case (101) and output exhaust gases from the turbine (3) .

9. Engine according to claim 8, characterized in that near inlets (403) of said ducts (4) there are provided valves, defined as recirculation valves (108) , which are opened during the starting step of the engine in order to bring exhaust gases into the combustion chamber .

10. Engine according to claim 9, characterized in that outlets (401) of ducts (4) are upstream of the combustion chamber (104) , particularly near intake valves (105) .

11. Engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the wall of ducts (4) is heated by means of coils such to allow gases therein to be heated.

12. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to recirculate input air inside the cylindrical case

(101) and combustion chamber (104) by opening intake valves (105) , by closing the turbine-valve (107) and by opening recirculation valves (108) of ducts (4) such to bring or keep pressure and temperature at operating values inside the cylindrical case (101) and combustion chamber (104) .

13. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that it is possible to recirculate and heat exhaust gases in ducts (4) and in the cylindrical case (101) and/or combustion chamber

(104) by opening the turbine-valve (107) and by closing recirculation valves (108) of inlets (403) of ducts (4) placed upstream of the turbine-valve (107) .

14. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that the operation of intake valves (105) and/or shaft (102) upon which blades (103) are fitted and/or of coils is controlled by an electric voltage regulator.

15. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims , characterized in that it is controlled and operated by a control panel comprising safety acoustic and visual devices, particularly devices for verifying temperature and pressure values and it controls all the electronic components .

16. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that safety valves and systems for controlling pressure and temperature are placed on walls of the combustion chamber (104) and/or on walls of the cylindrical case (101) .

17. Engine according to one or more of the preceding claims , characterized in that there are provided means for cooling components of the engine.