LV14367B - Gas-turbine rotary engine - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the construction of engines, including land vehicles, small aircraft, and small energy equipment.

Modern gas turbine engines, which contain between 100 and 1,200 different parts, are characterized by their very complex design and sophisticated technological features, which are extremely expensive to manufacture, non-economical and short in life.

The object of the invention is to simplify the construction and to enable the production of very small size rotor motors. The invention and its features relate to an engine housing comprising a rigidly seated air compressor, annular combustion chamber, nozzles, and rigidly mounted turbine blades, all of the aforementioned structural elements rotating to one side on a common engine shaft.

The construction of the proposed engine is shown in the accompanying drawings: Figs. 1 and 2 show the basic scheme of a gas turbine rotor engine in two operating states; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view. The following designations are used in the drawings: 1 - engine housing (rotor); 1a - engine core; 2 engine axis; 3 - centrifugal air compressor; 4 - hollow turbine blades; 4b - Hollow nozzles; 5 - annular valve; 6 - annular combustion chamber; 6b - combustion chamber cooling ducts; 7 channels for fuel supply to combustion chamber; 8 - spark plugs; 9 fuel supply nozzle from fuel tank to engine; 10 - starter (generator) for starting the engine; 11 - engine base; 12 - stands for fixing the engine to the base.

Engine operation

The starter 10 cuts the motor shaft 2. The motor housing (rotor) is cut with it. The air pressure generated by the centrifugal air compressor 3, which is rigidly fixed to the engine housing, opens the annular valve 5 when the duct was closed. Air enters the annular combustion chamber 6 and is filled by centrifugal pressure. At this point, the fuel dose is fed into the combustion chamber through the fuel supply passage 7 (which may be kerosene, diesel, petrol or fuel gas). Centrifugal fuel is momentarily pressed against the annular combustion chamber wall where a thin layer flows through its surface. The fuel instantly boils when it enters the holes where the spark plugs 8 are heated. The candles are glow plugs and are located along the diameter of the combustion chamber. Fuel vapors, when mixed with air oxygen, form a flammable mixture which ignites in a heated coil of a spark plug.

Because of the centrifugal air compression, the combustion chamber undergoes its powerful turbulence and mixing with fuel vapor to form a combustible mixture, whereby the centrifugal force of the combustible mixture accumulates on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, thereby creating a dense charge of the combustion mixture. It is enough to make some outbreaks to warm up the engine, or enough fuel injections in the combustion chamber. Further ignition of the combustion mixture occurs from the catalyst or from hot engine parts.

Due to the gas pressure in the combustion chamber, the annular valve closes the window for air intake from the air compressor, resulting in high-pressure gas at high speed through the nozzles and ducts 4b to the turbine blades 4, which cut both the engine housing and the radially combustion chamber, nozzles and turbine blades. All this rotates on one turbine shaft. After the exhaust gas from the turbine, the pressure in the combustion chamber drops. The air from the centrifugal compressor, at higher revolutions, forces the ring valve to open more and more. The greater the pressure exerted by the centrifugal compressor on the annular valve, the greater the pressure the air will open, which increases the operating frequency of the valve. When the valve closes, the fuel supply channel 7 to the combustion chamber also closes; when the valve opens, the fuel supply channel also opens and repeats cycle after cycle.

The proposed rotary engine can be used in the economy:

- both small and large power plants for generating electricity;

- the construction of small aircraft such as backpacks (both jet and propeller, both for the army and the economy);

- hot-air heating of residential and industrial premises and vehicles;

- for heating water using turbine exhaust gas.

The advantages of the proposed gas turbine rotary engine are:

- it is constructive and technologically simple;

- nozzle blades and turbine blades work in compression mode and are hollow;

- the centrifugal compressor draws in cold air and thus ensures efficient quenching, whereby the air is not miscible with the exhaust gases;

- because of this effective quenching, the nozzle and turbine blades can work at very high temperatures for a long time;

- whatever the turbine speed, the gas from the nozzles to the turbine is delivered at optimum speed, which increases engine power and efficiency;

- the engine can be either large or very small;

- it has a high power output per kilogram of structure;

- the engine can be run complete with a radial turbine;

- the engine can run on both liquid and gaseous fuels;

- the engine has no limits on power and economy;

- the engine can operate either with a valve (by volume of combustion) or without a valve (by means of combustion pressure), whereby the first option is useful at high constant speeds and high loads; the torque applied to the shaft can be increased by frequent injections of fuel, but infrequently by idling of fuel; fuel in the combustion chamber always burns in optimum mode; if the reduction gear (s) is used, it shall ensure that the speed is adjusted according to the wishes of the consumer;

- No expensive nozzles are needed to keep the engine running.

- no powerful power source is required to start the engine;

- engine starts easily in cold weather;

- the engine requires maintenance at least once a year with simple maintenance;

- the engine is not dangerously flooded with water; in the event of flooding, the water can be drained easily and is ready for operation again, which is very important for surface vehicles;

- The engine is ideally suited for use in small energy installations, as well as in land vehicles, water transport, light vehicles (both jet and army) and civilian construction.

Sources of information;

1. MaHyLUMH 3. A. ra30Bbie Typ6nHbi. ΠροδπθΜω m nepcneKTMBbi. M., 3HeproaTOMH3flaT, 1986;

2. JlnnyHOB Eopnc BanepbflHOBnM. Ta3OBaH Typ6nHa. M.-Jl., roc3Hepron3flaT, 1951;

3. JlaHya AHpn. Ta3OBbie Typ6nHbi Manon moluhocth. M., Manjrn3,

Claims (1)

1. A gas turbine rotor engine incorporating an engine housing (rotor); engine core; engine axis; centrifugal air compressor; hollow blade radial turbine; hollow nozzles; ring valve; annular combustion chamber; combustion chamber cooling ducts; channels for fuel supply to the combustion chamber; spark plugs which are located along the diameter of the combustion chamber; fuel nozzle from fuel tank to engine; a starter (generator) for starting the engine by cutting the engine shaft and the engine housing (rotor) simultaneously with the starter; struts for fixing the engine to the base, characterized in that: - for annular combustion, air is supplied from the centrifugal air compressor, which is rigidly fixed to the engine housing, by the pressure of the air through the annular valve, simultaneously injecting a dose of fuel (kerosene, diesel, petrol, or gas) into the chamber via the fuel feed; centrifugal force is instantaneously pressed against the wall of the annular combustion chamber and flows into a thin layer through its surface, also entering the pits where the spark plugs are heated, it boils and evaporates instantly, forming a combustible bag with the oxygen of the air, which ignites from the sparking hot coils; - as a result of the compression of the air, the combustion chamber undergoes powerful turbulence and mixing with the fuel vapor to form a combustible mixture, whereby the centrifugal force of the combustible mixture accumulates on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, thereby creating a dense charge of the combustion mixture; - during operation, the ignition of the combustion mixture occurs from hot engine parts; - due to the gas pressure in the combustion chamber, the annular valve closes the window for air intake from the air compressor, resulting in high-pressure, high-speed gas flowing through the nozzles and ducts into the turbine blades, which cuts through the turbine shaft engine housing radial turbine, combustion chamber, nozzle and turbine blades; - after exhaust gas discharge from the turbine, the pressure in the combustion chamber drops, and as a result of the action of the air pressure from the centrifugal compressor, said annular valve opens, and both the air and the fuel are reintroduced into the annular combustion chamber as described above; repeating cycle after cycle.