Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
  • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
  • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
  • F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
  • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
  • F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
  • F24S40/85—Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the invention concerns load-bearing and positioning equipment for the set of solar panels, especially photovoltaic, which enables the movement of the frame with the solar panels on a trajectory following the movement of the Sun, and it is equipped with the applicable swivelling and tilting equipment to achieve this purpose.
• Solar panels are usually located in bigger quantities on the load-bearing frame to ensure sufficient thermal or electric output of the equipment and the load-bearing frame moves by means of the swivelling and tilting equipment during the day so that the panels would be continually in optimum position with respect to the Sun, i.e. if possible vertically to the direction of incidence of the sunshine.
• one group of known solutions utilizes the structure of a vertical platform, usually a column, which can be attached to a base.
• a head On the platform, there is a head with the swivelling equipment, which enables the rotation of the load-bearing frame with panels around the vertical axis of the platform.
• the load-bearing frame is attached to the head so that it could be simultaneously tilted around the horizontal axis against the Sun.
• Such solution is known e.g. from the Czech Utility Model No. 18355, where the tilting is realized by means of a screw brace, or from the Czech Utility Model No.
• the swivelling equipment includes a system of toothed wheels with inserted rotor, or from the German published patent application DE 10 2005 042478.
• the vertical platform is known that consists of the external cylinder, in which the inner cylinder is rotating.
• a tie rod is connected to the load- bearing frame with the solar panels in a way that does not hinder the rotating movement of the inner cylinder. This tie rod controls tilting of the load-bearing frame around the horizontal axis.
• the European patent application EP 1867 935 also describes a similar solution, where there are springs in the horizontal axis of the load- bearing frame and tilting around the horizontal axis is limited by pulling ropes on the bottom edge of the load-bearing frame.
• Another group of known solutions also uses the combination of movement with tilting around the so-called "hour axis" for the movement of the load-bearing frame, by which we understand the axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame, which is located in the vertical plane also including the vertical axis of the platform.
• the hour axis is (with the exception of the location on the equator at high noon) continually inclined towards the Earth surface. Tilting of the load-bearing frame around this axis follows the hourly movement of the Sun on the sky, i.e. the movement from the east to the west.
• the solution described in the published patent application WO 2008/000 867 includes the rotating movement of the load-bearing frame around vertical axis of the platform and, at the same time, a combined movement formed by compounding the tilting around the horizontal axis and the tilting around the hour axis.
• the tilting is ensured with the inclined telescopic tie rod located asymmetrically on the reverse side of the load-bearing frame from the Sun.
• the French patent FR 83 057 65 then describes the solution, when the vertical platform is ended with the inclined arm, the angle of which is fixed and corresponds to the particular geographical latitude of location.
• the inclined arm bears the head that tilts around the hour axis, which is in parallel with the axis of the Earth, and the load-bearing frame with the solar panels is located on the head with the possibility of further tilting movement around the horizontal axis. Tilting around the hour axis is realized automatically by means of the electro drive; tilting around the horizontal axis is adjusted manually with the screw tie rod according to the season of the year and position of the Sun.
• German Utility Model DE 20 2005 001 195 describes the load bearing structure with the inclined load-bearing frame, which has a revolving central pin in the middle and travel equipment on the sides for the rotation along a circular trajectory.
• From the Czech patent file 283818 we can know the equipment for tilting of the load- bearing frame around the firmly located hour axis.
• a cylindrical case rotates around the fixed axis; it is driven with a reversible electromotor with self-locking gearing.
• the task of the invention is to create the equipment, which would eliminate the aforesaid shortcomings and, therefore, enable both the optimum adjustment of the position against the Sun and against the wind exceeding the critical level and, at the same time, it would concern the equipment with the minimum number of moving parts with simple production and installation.
• the nature of the invention consists in the fact that between the load-bearing frame and the first rotating instrument, there is an angular adapter provided with the second rotating instrument with the possibility of the rotating movement around the second axis of rotation.
• This second axis makes, along with the first axis, angle ( ⁇ ) located within the range from 10° to 80°.
• the load-bearing frame is attached to the second rotating instrument so that the normal line of the surface of the solar panels on the load-bearing frame makes, along with the second axis, angle ( ⁇ ) located within the range from 10° to 80°.
• the values of angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are mutually complementary so that their sum is within the range from 20° to 90°.
• the first axis of rotation is vertical, so that it ensures the rotation of the angular adapter around the platform in the same position. It is advantageous especially with respect to the possibility of tilting of the surface of the solar panels against the wind at any angle of rotation if the wind force exceeds the critical level.
• angle ( ⁇ ) is situated from 15° to 35° and the value of angle ( ⁇ ) is from 40° to 60°, which are the values for optimum swivelling and tilting in the Central European geographical latitudes, and, at the same time, they enable tilting of the panels to a safe position.
• the load-bearing frame with the solar panels has essentially an elliptical shape, which enables swivelling the surface at an angle to the ground against the wind with the longitudinal axis of the ellipse, whereby the bottom edge of the panels gets very close to the base, so that the air current slides upwards along it.
• the first rotating instrument and/or the second rotating instrument consist of a flange circular rotating ring with an electro drive.
• This equipment is very reliable; it does not include any external mobile parts and is protected against dust and damage.
• the flange circular rotating ring is provided with a toothed wheel, which is engaged with the worm on the shaft of the electro drive.
• This design enables very accurate swivelling and, at the same time, it is self-locking so that an undesired change of the position cannot occur, e.g. as a result of wind.
• the advantages of the load-bearing and positioning equipment for the set of the solar panels according to the invention consist especially in the fact that it includes the minimum amount of mobile rotating parts; no rotating parts are exposed to climatic conditions, and it concerns the equipment with very simple production and especially installation and with reliable operation.
• the kinematical principle of rotation around two mutually non-perpendicular axes enables the adjustment of the optimum position of the solar panels against the Sun at any time of the day and year and, at the same time, it enables very efficient tilting of the surface against the wind from any direction down to the safety position in case of strong gust wind.
• fig. 1 shows the side view of the equipment in the morning operation position, with the identification of the safety position of the load-bearing frame in case of strong gust wind
• fig. 2 front view of the equipment with the elliptical load-bearing frame in the horizontal position
• fig. 3 front view of the equipment with the elliptical load-bearing frame in the vertical position
• fig. 4 vertical section of the equipment.
• Fig. 1 to fig. 4 illustrate the example of design of the load-bearing and positioning equipment 1, which is formed on the platform 3 , consisting of a vertical steel column fixed vertically to the base 4, so that the first axis 6 of rotation is equal with the vertical axis of the platform 3.
• the equipment 1 can also be realized, in other examples of design, which are not illustrated, with the platform 3 connected to the base 4 in other than vertical position or, as the case may be, with the platform 3 consisting of a frame, tripod etc.
• the top part of the platform 3 carries the first rotating instrument 5 for the rotation around the first axis 6 of rotation. It can be arranged in the horizontal plane, as illustrated in fig. 1 to fig. 4, or it can be inclined against the horizontal line at an acute angle.
• the structure of the first rotating instrument 5 can be realized by various experts in known ways, but it is formed with an advantage with a flange circular rotating ring with an inner toothed wheel 13 located on the bearing, which is driven with tangentially arranged electro drive 12 with a worm 14 engaged with the toothed wheel 13, as illustrated in fig. 1 to fig. 4.
• One flange of the rotating ring is connected with the platform 3 and the angular adapter 8, consisting also of the steel tube, which is terminated with the second rotating instrument 9, is attached to the other flange.
• It can also consist of various means known to the experts, but it is formed with an advantage with the same flange rotating ring as the first rotating instrument 5.
• the second rotating instrument 9 enables the rotating movement around the second axis 10 of rotation, which makes, along with the first axis 6 of rotation, an acute angle g, located within the range from 10° to 80°.
• One flange of the second rotating instrument 9 is connected with the angular adapter 8 and the load-bearing frame 7 of the elliptical shape bearing the symmetrically placed set of the photovoltaic solar panels 2 is attached to the second flange.
• the shape of the load-bearing frame 7 with the set of panels 2 can be discretionary in substance, but the elliptical design is the most advantageous for achieving the optimum safety position 15 in case of strong gust wind.
• the load-bearing frame 7 is attached to the second rotating instrument 9 so that the normal line V ⁇ _ of the surface of the solar panels 2 on the load-bearing frame 7 makes, along with the second axis IQ of rotation angle ⁇ located within the range from 10° to 80°. It is achieved by the attachment of the load-bearing frame 7 by means of the inclined seating face 16, which is not in parallel with the plane of the load-bearing frame 7 or, as the case may be, the solar panels 2. At the same time, it shall apply that the values of angles g, ⁇ are mutually complementary so that their sum is always within the range from 20° to 90°. In the example of design illustrated in fig.
• the electro drives 12 driving the first rotating instrument 5 and the second rotating instrument 9 are controlled with the electronic programmable control unit, which is not illustrated, and the rotation around the first axis 6 and the second axis 10 occurs simultaneously as follows: the surface of the solar panels 2 on the load-bearing frame 7 is continually inclined vertically to the direction of incidence of sunshine in the optimum way at any time of the day and year, so that high efficiency of the equipment 1 is achieved with the minimum number of the rotating parts.
• the equipment 1 can be tilted automatically down to the safety position 15 with the bottom edge of the load-bearing frame 7 very closely above the base 4, at any angular range exactly against the direction of the wind, so that the air current can flow around the whole equipment 1 along the surface of the solar panels 2 without any risk of damaging it.
• the load-bearing and positioning equipment pursuant to the invention can be used for bearing the set of solar panels, especially photovoltaic, which are located on the load-bearing frame, which moves automatically on a trajectory following the movement of the Sun.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

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Cited By (5)

Citations (5)

• 2008
  • 2008-04-29 CZ CZ20080264A patent/CZ2008264A3/cs unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-04-21 WO PCT/CZ2009/000056 patent/WO2009132603A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (5)

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