WO2009131197A1 - Reader/writer and program - Google Patents

Reader/writer and program Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009131197A1
WO2009131197A1 PCT/JP2009/058109 JP2009058109W WO2009131197A1 WO 2009131197 A1 WO2009131197 A1 WO 2009131197A1 JP 2009058109 W JP2009058109 W JP 2009058109W WO 2009131197 A1 WO2009131197 A1 WO 2009131197A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier wave
medium
proximity
voltage
reader
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/058109
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
研一 池田
Original Assignee
株式会社ビー・ユー・ジー
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ビー・ユー・ジー filed Critical 株式会社ビー・ユー・ジー
Priority to JP2010509230A priority Critical patent/JPWO2009131197A1/en
Publication of WO2009131197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009131197A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10118—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step
    • G06K7/10128—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step the step consisting of detection of the presence of one or more record carriers in the vicinity of the interrogation device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reader / writer capable of transmitting / receiving information to / from a non-contact IC, and a program.
  • Non-contact IC cards used as electronic tickets and credit cards used in transportation are close to the reader / writer installed at the entrance of a station ticket gate or event venue, and are released from the reader / writer. Communication with a reader / writer is performed via a carrier wave (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a reader / writer and a program that can save power consumption and can reliably communicate with a non-contact IC card.
  • a reader / writer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal, Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal; Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means; Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself, When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When, It is characterized by providing.
  • the carrier wave control means includes When the proximity determining unit determines that there is no medium in proximity, the proximity determining unit can detect the proximity of the medium, and data communication with the medium via a carrier wave can be performed.
  • the carrier wave transmission means may be controlled in an impossible state.
  • the carrier wave control means includes If the carrier transmitting means outputs a carrier wave, and then the proximity determining means determines that there is a close medium, data communication via the carrier signal is possible with the medium. In the case where the carrier wave is continuously output, and the proximity determining unit determines that there is no adjacent medium, the carrier wave transmitting unit is controlled to stop the output of the carrier wave or to reduce the energy of the carrier wave. It may be lowered.
  • the carrier wave control means includes When the carrier wave transmitting means sequentially outputs a carrier wave at a level at which the proximity of the medium can be detected and a level at which the medium cannot be detected, It may be controlled to continuously output a carrier wave at a level that allows data communication via a signal.
  • the carrier wave control means includes When the carrier wave transmitting means outputs a carrier wave of a predetermined level that can detect the proximity of the medium but cannot communicate, and the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium in proximity, the carrier wave between the medium and the medium is detected. It may be controlled to continuously output a carrier wave at a level that allows data communication via a signal.
  • the proximity determining means includes A threshold voltage calculating means for obtaining a threshold voltage from the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means; When the voltage value most recently measured by the voltage measuring unit is lower than the threshold voltage calculated by the threshold voltage calculating unit, it may be determined that there is the medium that is in close proximity.
  • the threshold voltage calculation means includes A voltage value obtained by subtracting a voltage value corresponding to a noise margin from the calculated average value is calculated as a threshold value by calculating an average value of a predetermined number of voltage values from the most recently measured voltage values measured by the voltage measuring means. It may be calculated as a voltage.
  • the threshold voltage calculation means includes The statistical information of the voltage value for a predetermined number of times is calculated from the most recently measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, and the voltage value corresponding to the noise margin is obtained based on the calculated statistical information. May be.
  • the voltage measuring means may include a maximum value holding circuit, hold the carrier voltage in the maximum value holding circuit, and measure the held voltage value.
  • a program provides: A computer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal; Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal; Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means; Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself, When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When, It is made to function as.
  • the present invention it is determined whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader, and the transmission of the carrier wave is stopped or started based on the determination result. Power can be saved and communication can be performed with high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the reader / writer which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic circuit diagram of a transmission / reception part and a voltage measurement part. It is a flowchart for demonstrating a carrier wave control process. It is a flowchart for demonstrating a voltage measurement process. It is a flowchart for demonstrating proximity determination processing. (A)-(c) is a graph showing the time change of the voltage value of a carrier wave signal.
  • the reader / writer 10 communicates with a card-type medium (non-contact IC card) containing a non-contact IC chip close to the reader / writer 10 via a carrier wave transmitted by the reader / writer 10. Further, the reader / writer 10 has a proximity sensor function for determining whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10.
  • a card-type medium non-contact IC card
  • the reader / writer 10 has a proximity sensor function for determining whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10.
  • this proximity sensor function is realized by using a loading effect (load effect).
  • the loading effect is an effect in which a carrier wave transmitted by the reader / writer 10 is canceled and weakened by a current induced by a non-contact IC card close to the reader / writer 10.
  • the reader / writer 10 physically includes a transmission / reception unit 11, a storage unit 12, a control unit 13, a voltage measurement unit 14, and a sensor unit 15.
  • the transmission / reception unit 11 includes various circuits such as a modulation circuit, a demodulation circuit, and a high-frequency amplifier circuit, and transmission and reception antennas.
  • the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits a carrier wave from a transmission antenna under the control of the control unit 13 and supplies power to a close contactless IC card.
  • the transmission / reception part 11 transmits / receives information between non-contact IC cards via a carrier wave.
  • the carrier wave is intermittently transmitted at a predetermined timing in a carrier wave control process described later.
  • “the carrier wave is transmitted intermittently” means that the voltage value of the carrier wave signal is such that the reader / writer 10 can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card, and a value lower than that value. A case where a carrier wave is transmitted so as to be alternately taken.
  • the storage unit 12 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and stores an operation program executed by the control unit 13 and various types of information.
  • the storage unit 12 is also used as a work area for the control unit 13 to operate.
  • the storage unit 12 stores in advance, as fixed data, various time information used for determination for intermittently transmitting a carrier wave in a carrier wave control process described later.
  • the various types of time information may be variable data that can be set as appropriate by the user.
  • the control unit 13 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the like.
  • the control unit 13 controls the entire reader / writer 10 by executing an operation program stored in the storage unit 12. Further, the control unit 13 executes a carrier wave control process for controlling the timing at which the carrier wave is intermittently transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11. Details of the carrier wave control process will be described later.
  • the control unit 13 includes a timer composed of a clock circuit and the like, and has a time measuring function for measuring a predetermined time.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 includes a voltage level detection circuit and the like.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 performs a carrier voltage measurement process in which the voltage (amplitude voltage) of the carrier wave signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 is periodically measured (for example, every 250 ms) and the measurement value is transmitted to the sensor unit 15. Details of the carrier voltage measurement process will be described later.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a schematic circuit diagram of the transmission / reception unit 11 and the voltage measurement unit 14.
  • An AC signal (carrier wave signal) having a predetermined frequency output from the oscillator 111 is supplied to the loop antennas 113 a and 113 b via the matching circuit 112.
  • the input ends of the loop antennas 113a and 113b are connected via resonance capacitors C1 and C2.
  • the connection point between the loop antennas 113a and 113b and the connection point between the resonance capacitors C1 and C2 are grounded.
  • the voltage at one input end of the loop antenna 113b is supplied to the detector 142 via the high impedance attenuator 141.
  • the detector 142 includes a diode and a capacitor, and outputs a positive envelope signal of the carrier signal output from the attenuator 141.
  • the output of the detector 142 is supplied to the CPU of the sensor unit 15 described later via an analog / digital converter (ADC).
  • ADC analog / digital converter
  • the measurement value signal transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14 to the sensor unit 15 may be transmitted as a digital signal or may be transmitted as an analog signal. Further, the signal of the measurement value may be converted into a digital signal by an ADC built in a CPU of the sensor unit 15 described later.
  • the sensor unit 15 includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like.
  • the sensor unit 15 periodically determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 by using a loading effect based on the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the voltage measuring unit 14.
  • a proximity determination process is performed in which the determination is made (for example, every 250 ms), and the result (notification of proximity) is transmitted to the control unit 13. Details of the proximity determination process will be described later.
  • the carrier wave control processing by the control unit 13 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the carrier wave control process a case where the control unit 13 controls the start and stop timings of carrier wave transmission is considered.
  • the carrier wave control process is started in response to, for example, an operation in which the user turns on the reader / writer 10.
  • the control unit 13 determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 250 ms) has elapsed (step S101). When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed (step S101; No), the control unit 13 waits until the predetermined time has elapsed.
  • a predetermined time for example, 250 ms
  • control unit 13 determines that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S101; Yes)
  • the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S102).
  • the control unit 13 determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 40 ⁇ s) has elapsed (step S103). This time corresponds to a waiting time until the carrier wave transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 is stabilized. When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed (step S103; No), the control unit 13 waits until the predetermined time has elapsed.
  • a predetermined time for example, 40 ⁇ s
  • control unit 13 When determining that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S103; Yes), the control unit 13 transmits an instruction to start measurement of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11 to the voltage measurement unit 14 (step S103). S104).
  • control unit 13 determines whether or not a notification of the proximity of the non-contact IC card has been received from the sensor unit 15 (step S105). When it is determined that the notification of the presence / absence of proximity has not been received (step S105; No), the control unit 13 waits until the notification is received.
  • the control unit 13 determines that the notification of the presence / absence of proximity has been received (step S105; Yes)
  • the received notification indicates that the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10. It is discriminated whether or not it is a notification (step S106).
  • control unit 13 determines that the received notification is “proximity present” (step S106; Yes)
  • the control unit 13 executes a polling command so that the non-contact IC that is in close proximity via the carrier wave that is being transmitted Communication such as making an inquiry about a non-contact ID to the card and power supply to the non-contact IC card are performed (step S107). Note that the reading and writing processes performed in this communication are performed based on the type of contactless IC card, the type of application installed in the reader / writer 10, and the like.
  • control unit 13 determines whether or not the communication with the non-contact IC card is finished (step S108). When it is determined that the communication has not ended (step S108; No), the control unit 13 waits until the communication ends.
  • step S108 When the control unit 13 determines that the communication has ended (step S108; Yes), the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S109). And the control part 13 returns to the process of step S101 after the process of step S109.
  • step S106 determines that the received notification is not “proximity present” (step S106; No), that is, when the received notification is “proximity not present”, the transmission / reception unit 11 stops transmitting the carrier wave. An instruction is transmitted (step S110). And the control part 13 returns to the process of step S101 after the process of step S110.
  • This carrier wave control process ends when an interrupt signal is generated by an operation of the user turning off the power of the reader / writer 10 or the like.
  • the control unit 13 repeatedly receives “no proximity” notification from the sensor unit 15, that is, every time a non-contact IC card is not in proximity to the reader / writer 10, every predetermined time (for example, every 250 ms). Send a carrier wave.
  • the control unit 13 receives a “proximity presence” notification from the sensor unit 15, that is, when the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10, the control unit 13 communicates with the non-contact IC card via a carrier wave.
  • Supply power normally, the voltage (amplitude voltage) of the carrier wave signal can be measured in a very short time (for example, 100 ⁇ s).
  • step S102 the time from when the carrier wave starts to be transmitted (step S102) to when it is stopped (step S110)). It is extremely short to not supply. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the reader / writer 10 according to the present embodiment as compared with the case where the carrier wave is constantly transmitted.
  • This voltage measurement process is started in response to, for example, an operation of turning on the power of the reader / writer 10 by the user.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 determines whether or not an instruction to start measurement of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal (corresponding to the instruction transmitted in step S104) has been received from the control unit 13 (step S201). When determining that the instruction has not been received (step S201; No), the voltage measurement unit 14 waits until the instruction is received.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 determines that the measurement start instruction has been received (step S201; Yes)
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S202).
  • the voltage measuring unit 14 transmits the measured value of the voltage measured in step S202 to the sensor unit 15 (step S203). Then, the voltage measurement part 14 returns to the process of step S201.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the voltage of the carrier signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 13 and transmits the measured value to the sensor unit 15.
  • This proximity determination process is started in response to, for example, an operation of turning on the power of the reader / writer 10 by the user.
  • the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave (corresponding to the measured value transmitted in step S203) has been received from the voltage measuring unit 13 (step S301). When it is determined that the measurement value is not received (step S301; No), the sensor unit 15 waits until the measurement value is received.
  • the sensor unit 15 calculates an average value of the measurement values for the most recent predetermined number of times (for example, 20 times) (step S302).
  • the predetermined number of times can be set to an arbitrary value. Further, an average value may be calculated by excluding the highest value and the lowest value among the measured values for the predetermined number of times.
  • the sensor unit 15 calculates a threshold voltage by subtracting a predetermined voltage value (for example, 10 mV) corresponding to the noise margin from the calculated average value (step S303).
  • this noise margin may not be a predetermined value.
  • statistical information such as a variance value and a deviation value for the latest predetermined number of times (for example, four times) is calculated, and the statistics The noise margin may be determined according to the information.
  • the noise margin is set to be low, thereby improving the system for determining whether or not they are close to each other.
  • the process of subtracting the noise margin is not necessarily performed. If this process is not performed, the average value calculated in step S302 is the threshold voltage.
  • the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the latest (most recent) carrier wave signal periodically transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14 exceeds the threshold voltage calculated in step S303. (Step S304). Thereby, the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10.
  • the reason why it is possible to determine whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 in the determination processing in step S304 is that the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the latest (most recent) carrier wave signal does not exceed the threshold voltage. This is because it can be estimated that the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal has been reduced by the loading effect by the non-contact IC card close to the reader / writer 10.
  • step S304 When the sensor unit 15 determines that the measured value of the amplitude voltage exceeds the threshold voltage (step S304; Yes), the sensor unit 15 indicates to the control unit 13 that the non-contact IC card is not in proximity to the reader / writer 10. A “no” notification is transmitted (step S305). Thereafter, the sensor unit 15 returns to the process of step S301.
  • step S304 When it is determined that the measured value of the amplitude voltage does not exceed the threshold voltage (step S304; No), the sensor unit 15 indicates to the control unit 13 that the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10. “Yes” notification is transmitted (step S306). Thereafter, the sensor unit 15 returns to the process of step S301.
  • the above is a series of operations for proximity discrimination processing. Note that the proximity determination process ends when an interrupt signal is generated by the user turning off the power of the reader / writer 10 or the like.
  • the proximity determination process it is determined whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 every relatively short predetermined time (for example, 250 ms).
  • a “proximity presence” notification indicating that is sent to the control unit 13.
  • the threshold voltage calculation process either the voltage value of the analog signal measured by the voltage measurement unit 14 or the voltage value of the digital signal subjected to A / D conversion may be used.
  • the reader / writer 10 has a sensor function for determining whether or not a non-contact IC card is in proximity, and controls transmission of a carrier wave based on the determination result. Therefore, the reader / writer 10 can reliably communicate with the non-contact IC card while saving the power consumed by transmitting the carrier wave.
  • a reader / writer that communicates with a non-contact IC card has been described.
  • the present invention can be similarly applied to a device (for example, a mobile terminal or a mobile phone) that includes a non-contact IC chip. .
  • various predetermined times used for determination for turning on or off the transmission of the carrier wave (for example, the waiting time until the carrier wave is stably transmitted is 40 ⁇ s, etc. ) Is not limited to the exemplified time, and an optimal predetermined time can be set as appropriate.
  • the process performed by the sensor unit 15 in the present embodiment may be performed by the control unit 13.
  • the reader / writer 10 does not need to include the sensor unit 15.
  • the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is in proximity based on the measurement value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14.
  • a general proximity sensor such as a sensor or a magnetic proximity sensor may make this determination.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is in proximity based on the measurement value. Determine.
  • the sensor unit 15 may determine whether or not the non-contact IC card is close based on the effective value or average value of the voltage of the carrier wave signal measured by the voltage measuring unit 14.
  • control unit 13 when the control unit 13 receives a notification from the sensor unit 15 that a non-contact IC card is approaching (step S105; Yes), the control unit 13 executes a polling command or the like via a carrier wave. To do. However, when the control unit 13 does not receive a notification that the non-contact IC card is approaching from the sensor unit 15 after a predetermined time (for example, 1 s), the control unit 13 executes a polling command or the like via the carrier wave. May be. Thereby, due to an unexpected external factor around the transmission / reception unit 11, the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal measured by the voltage measurement unit 14 shows an abnormal value, and whether the sensor unit 15 is close to the non-contact IC card or not.
  • control unit 13 Even if it is not possible to properly determine whether or not, the control unit 13 always executes a polling command or the like via a carrier wave after a predetermined time. For this reason, the reader / writer 10 can more reliably communicate with the non-contact IC card.
  • the voltage measurement unit 14 of the present embodiment may include a maximum value holding circuit (peak hold).
  • the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further shortened by measuring the held voltage.
  • the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further shortened by measuring the held voltage.
  • the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further shortened by measuring the held voltage.
  • the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further shortened by measuring the held voltage.
  • the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further
  • the transmission / reception unit 11 can stop the transmission of the carrier wave after the time (a) has elapsed, that is, immediately after the maximum value holding circuit holds the voltage. Therefore, the power consumed by the transmission of the carrier can be further saved.
  • the voltage measurement process and the proximity determination process are not performed during execution of a polling command or the like (step S107).
  • the control unit 13 transmits a voltage measurement instruction to the voltage measurement unit 14 during execution of a polling command and the like, and receives a notification of the presence / absence of proximity from the sensor unit 15, so that it can be in communication with the non-contact IC card.
  • a voltage measurement process and a proximity determination process may be performed.
  • the control unit 13 when the control unit 13 receives a notification of “no proximity” from the sensor unit 15, the control unit 13 transmits a transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S110). However, the control unit 13 transmits a voltage measurement instruction (step S104), and after the voltage measurement by the voltage measurement unit 14 is completed, the control unit 13 transmits the carrier wave without waiting for reception of the proximity presence / absence notification from the sensor unit 15. May be transmitted to the transmission / reception unit 11. In this case, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 again before executing the polling command or the like (step S107).
  • the control unit 13 When the reader / writer 10 has a maximum value holding circuit, the control unit 13 sends a transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 immediately before transmitting the voltage measurement instruction, that is, between step S103 and step S104. You may send it. In this case, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 again before executing the polling command or the like (step S107).
  • the carrier wave is transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11 at regular intervals (every 250 ms in step S101).
  • the control unit 13 may instruct the transmission / reception unit 11 to transmit a carrier wave every period shorter than the predetermined period. Specifically, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits a carrier wave every 2 seconds. If a non-contact IC card approaches, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits it every 250 ms according to an instruction from the control unit 13. Thereafter, if the non-contact IC card has never approached within about 5 minutes, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits the carrier wave every 2 seconds again. This improves the responsiveness of the sensor when the card immediately approaches when communication is interrupted.
  • control unit 13 While the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the notification of “no proximity”, the control unit 13 cannot communicate with the non-contact IC card or supply power, but can detect proximity and consumes a certain amount of power. May be instructed to the transmission / reception unit 11 to transmit intermittently or continuously.
  • the control unit 13 receives the notification of “proximity”, the control unit 13 communicates with the non-contact IC card and supplies power to the transmission / reception unit 11 so as to transmit a carrier wave that consumes a certain amount of power. You may instruct.
  • FIG. 6A shows the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the transmission and reception of the carrier wave are repeatedly performed while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the “no proximity” notification.
  • the time when the reader / writer 10 is turned on is defined as time 0.
  • the control unit 13 causes the transmission / reception unit 11 to start transmitting a carrier wave at time t1.
  • the voltage value V1 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time is the voltage value of the carrier wave signal that allows communication with the non-contact IC card and power supply.
  • “communication is possible” refers to a state in which information that needs to be transmitted / received can be transmitted / received with normal quality between the reader / writer 10 and the non-contact IC card.
  • the control unit 13 receives a notification of “no proximity” from the sensor unit 15 at time t2, and stops the transmission of the carrier wave.
  • the control unit 13 receives a notification of “proximity” from the sensor unit 15 at time t6.
  • the control part 13 continues transmitting a carrier wave until the communication with a non-contact IC card, etc. are complete
  • the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave whose voltage value is lower than V1 without stopping the carrier wave transmission. .
  • the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave whose voltage value is lower than V1 without stopping the carrier wave transmission.
  • FIG. 6B shows the voltage value of the carrier wave signal that allows the reader / writer 10 to determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the “no proximity” notification.
  • the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the carrier wave is transmitted so as to alternately take a lower value is shown.
  • the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave whose voltage value is V2 at times 0 to t1, t2 to t3, and t4 to t5.
  • the voltage value V2 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time may be a value at which the reader / writer 10 can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card or a value at which the proximity determination is not possible.
  • the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave whose voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V3 at times t1 to t2, t3 to t4, and t5 to t6.
  • the voltage value V3 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time is smaller than V1 but larger than V2, and is a value that can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card.
  • the control unit 13 after receiving the “proximity presence” notification at t6, the control unit 13 causes the carrier wave whose voltage value is V1 to be transmitted. Also in the case of FIG. 6A, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave whose voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V3 from t1 to t2, t3 to t4, and t5 to t6.
  • FIG. 6C shows that while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the notification of “no proximity”, the voltage value of the carrier signal is continuously a value that can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card. Shows the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the carrier wave is transmitted. In this case, from time 0 to t6, the control unit 13 continuously transmits the carrier wave whose voltage value is V3. Then, after receiving the “proximity presence” notification at t6, the control unit 13 causes the carrier wave whose voltage value is V1 to be transmitted. By transmitting the carrier wave in this way, the reader / writer according to the present embodiment consumes less power than the reader / writer that always operates in a state where the voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V1.
  • the operation program is stored in advance in the storage unit 13 in the reader / writer 10.
  • a computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), or an MO (Magnet-Optical Disk) is used as a program for executing the processing operations described above.
  • a device (reader / writer) that executes the above-described processing operations may be configured by storing and distributing the program and installing the program in the reader / writer 10.
  • the program may be stored in a disk device or the like included in a predetermined server device on a communication network such as the Internet, and may be downloaded onto a computer, for example, superimposed on a carrier wave.
  • a communication network such as the Internet
  • the above-described processing can also be achieved by starting and executing a program while transferring it via a communication network.
  • the present invention is suitably applied to uses such as communication between a non-contact IC and a reader / writer.

Abstract

A voltage measurement part (14) measures the voltage value of a carrier signal which is intermittently transmitted by a transmission and reception part (11). A sensor part (15) periodically discriminates on the basis of the measured value the presence or absence of the proximity of a noncontact IC card which is to be approximated to the transmission and reception part (11). When receiving the notice of “approximated” from the sensor part (15), a control part (13) controls the transmission and reception part (11) to continue the transmission of carrier waves. When receiving the notice of “not approximated” from the sensor part (15), the control part (13) controls the transmission and reception part (11) to stop the transmission of the carrier waves.

Description

リーダライタ、および、プログラムReader / writer and program
　本発明は、非接触ＩＣとの間で情報の送受信が可能なリーダライタ、およびプログラムに関する。 The present invention relates to a reader / writer capable of transmitting / receiving information to / from a non-contact IC, and a program.
　交通機関で使用される電子乗車券やクレジットカード等として利用されている非接触ＩＣカードは、駅の改札やイベント会場などの入り口に設置されているリーダライタに近接し、そのリーダライタから放出されている搬送波を介してリーダライタと通信を行う（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Non-contact IC cards used as electronic tickets and credit cards used in transportation are close to the reader / writer installed at the entrance of a station ticket gate or event venue, and are released from the reader / writer. Communication with a reader / writer is performed via a carrier wave (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
　このようなリーダライタは、リーダライタと近接した非接触ＩＣカードと瞬時に通信を行うことが必要であるため、常に搬送波を放出し続けている必要がある。そのため、リーダライタが搬送波を放出するために必要な電力は、比較的大きくなってしまう。 Since such a reader / writer needs to communicate instantaneously with a non-contact IC card close to the reader / writer, it is necessary to continuously emit a carrier wave. Therefore, the power required for the reader / writer to emit the carrier wave becomes relatively large.
特開２００７－２４１５３８号公報JP 2007-241538 A
　本発明では、上記実情を鑑みてなされたものであり、消費電力を節約でき、かつ非接触ＩＣカードと確実に通信を行うことが可能なリーダライタ、およびプログラムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a reader / writer and a program that can save power consumption and can reliably communicate with a non-contact IC card.
　上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の第１の観点に係るリーダライタは、
　媒体との間で搬送波信号を介して通信する機能を有するリーダライタであって、
　前記搬送波信号を送信する搬送波送信手段と、
　前記搬送波送信手段が送信する搬送波信号の電圧値を繰り返して測定する電圧測定手段と、
　前記電圧測定手段で測定した電圧値に基づいて、自身に近接された前記媒体が有るか否かを定期的に判別する近接判別手段と、
　前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合に、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能な状態に制御し、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能な状態に制御する搬送波制御手段と、
　を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a reader / writer according to the first aspect of the present invention provides:
A reader / writer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal,
Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal;
Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means;
Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself,
When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When,
It is characterized by providing.
　前記搬送波制御手段は、
　前記近接判別手段が近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能で、且つ、前記媒体との間の搬送波を介したデータ通信が不可能な状態に前記搬送波送信手段を制御してもよい。 The carrier wave control means includes
When the proximity determining unit determines that there is no medium in proximity, the proximity determining unit can detect the proximity of the medium, and data communication with the medium via a carrier wave can be performed. The carrier wave transmission means may be controlled in an impossible state.
　前記搬送波制御手段は、
　前記搬送波送信手段に搬送波を出力させ、続いて、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なように、前記搬送波を継続的に出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、搬送波の出力を停止させ又は搬送波のエネルギーを低下させてもよい。 The carrier wave control means includes
If the carrier transmitting means outputs a carrier wave, and then the proximity determining means determines that there is a close medium, data communication via the carrier signal is possible with the medium. In the case where the carrier wave is continuously output, and the proximity determining unit determines that there is no adjacent medium, the carrier wave transmitting unit is controlled to stop the output of the carrier wave or to reduce the energy of the carrier wave. It may be lowered.
　前記搬送波制御手段は、
　前記搬送波送信手段に、媒体の近接検出できるレベルとできないレベルの搬送波を順次に出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なレベルの搬送波を継続的に出力させるように制御してもよい。 The carrier wave control means includes
When the carrier wave transmitting means sequentially outputs a carrier wave at a level at which the proximity of the medium can be detected and a level at which the medium cannot be detected, It may be controlled to continuously output a carrier wave at a level that allows data communication via a signal.
　前記搬送波制御手段は、
　前記搬送波送信手段に、媒体の近接検出できるが通信ができない所定レベルの搬送波を出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なレベルの搬送波を継続的に出力させるように制御してもよい。 The carrier wave control means includes
When the carrier wave transmitting means outputs a carrier wave of a predetermined level that can detect the proximity of the medium but cannot communicate, and the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium in proximity, the carrier wave between the medium and the medium is detected. It may be controlled to continuously output a carrier wave at a level that allows data communication via a signal.
　前記近接判別手段は、
　前記電圧測定手段が測定した電圧値から閾値電圧を求める、閾値電圧算出手段をさらに備え、
　前記電圧測定手段が直近に測定した電圧値が、前記閾値電圧算出手段で算出した閾値電圧を下回った場合に、近接された前記媒体が有ると判別してもよい。 The proximity determining means includes
A threshold voltage calculating means for obtaining a threshold voltage from the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means;
When the voltage value most recently measured by the voltage measuring unit is lower than the threshold voltage calculated by the threshold voltage calculating unit, it may be determined that there is the medium that is in close proximity.
　前記閾値電圧算出手段は、
　前記電圧測定手段が測定した複数の電圧値のうち直近に測定したものから所定回数分の電圧値の平均値を算出し、算出した平均値からノイズマージンに相当する電圧値を減算した電圧を閾値電圧として算出してもよい。 The threshold voltage calculation means includes
A voltage value obtained by subtracting a voltage value corresponding to a noise margin from the calculated average value is calculated as a threshold value by calculating an average value of a predetermined number of voltage values from the most recently measured voltage values measured by the voltage measuring means. It may be calculated as a voltage.
　前記閾値電圧算出手段は、
　前記電圧測定手段が測定した複数の電圧値のうち直近に測定したものから所定回数分の電圧値の統計情報を算出し、算出した統計情報に基づいて、前記ノイズマージンに相当する電圧値を求めてもよい。 The threshold voltage calculation means includes
The statistical information of the voltage value for a predetermined number of times is calculated from the most recently measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, and the voltage value corresponding to the noise margin is obtained based on the calculated statistical information. May be.
　前記電圧測定手段は最大値保持回路を備え、該最大値保持回路に搬送波の電圧を保持させ、保持させた電圧値を測定してもよい。 The voltage measuring means may include a maximum value holding circuit, hold the carrier voltage in the maximum value holding circuit, and measure the held voltage value.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第２の観点に係るプログラムは、
　媒体との間で搬送波信号を介して通信する機能を有するコンピュータを、
　前記搬送波信号を送信する搬送波送信手段と、
　前記搬送波送信手段が送信する搬送波信号の電圧値を繰り返して測定する電圧測定手段と、
　前記電圧測定手段で測定した電圧値に基づいて、自身に近接された前記媒体が有るか否かを定期的に判別する近接判別手段と、
　前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合に、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能な状態に制御し、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能な状態に制御する搬送波制御手段と、
　として機能させることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a program according to the second aspect of the present invention provides:
A computer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal;
Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal;
Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means;
Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself,
When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When,
It is made to function as.
　本発明によれば、非接触ＩＣカードがリードライタに近接しているか否かを判別し、その判別結果に基づいて搬送波の送信を停止したり開始したりするため、搬送波を送信する際に消費される電力を節約し、かつ高い確実性をもって通信することができる。 According to the present invention, it is determined whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader, and the transmission of the carrier wave is stopped or started based on the determination result. Power can be saved and communication can be performed with high reliability.
本発明の実施形態に係るリーダライタの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the reader / writer which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 送受信部及び電圧測定部の概略回路図である。It is a schematic circuit diagram of a transmission / reception part and a voltage measurement part. 搬送波制御処理を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating a carrier wave control process. 電圧測定処理を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating a voltage measurement process. 近接判別処理を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating proximity determination processing. （ａ）～（ｃ）は搬送波信号の電圧値の時間変化を表すグラフである。(A)-(c) is a graph showing the time change of the voltage value of a carrier wave signal.
　以下、本発明の実施形態に係るリーダライタ１０が、図面を参照して説明される。リーダライタ１０は、リーダライタ１０と近接する非接触ＩＣチップが内蔵されたカード型の媒体（非接触ＩＣカード）と、リーダライタ１０が送信する搬送波を介して通信を行う。また、リーダライタ１０は、非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接しているか否かを判別する近接センサ機能を有する。 Hereinafter, a reader / writer 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The reader / writer 10 communicates with a card-type medium (non-contact IC card) containing a non-contact IC chip close to the reader / writer 10 via a carrier wave transmitted by the reader / writer 10. Further, the reader / writer 10 has a proximity sensor function for determining whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10.
　具体的には、この近接センサ機能は、ローディングエフェクト（負荷効果）を利用して実現される。ローディングエフェクトとは、リーダライタ１０が送信する搬送波が、リーダライタ１０に近接した非接触ＩＣカードにより誘導される電流によって打ち消され、弱められる効果である。 Specifically, this proximity sensor function is realized by using a loading effect (load effect). The loading effect is an effect in which a carrier wave transmitted by the reader / writer 10 is canceled and weakened by a current induced by a non-contact IC card close to the reader / writer 10.
　リーダライタ１０は、物理的には、図１に示すように、送受信部１１と、記憶部１２と、制御部１３と、電圧測定部１４と、センサ部１５とを備える。 As shown in FIG. 1, the reader / writer 10 physically includes a transmission / reception unit 11, a storage unit 12, a control unit 13, a voltage measurement unit 14, and a sensor unit 15.
　送受信部１１は、変調回路、復調回路、高周波増幅回路等の各種回路や、送信用及び受信用アンテナ等を備える。送受信部１１は、制御部１３による制御のもと、送信用アンテナから搬送波を送信し、近接した非接触ＩＣカードに電力を供給する。また、送受信部１１は、搬送波を介して、非接触ＩＣカードとの間で情報の送受信を行う。なお、搬送波は、後述する搬送波制御処理において、所定のタイミングで間欠的に送信される。ここで、「搬送波が間欠的に送信される」とは、搬送波信号の電圧値が、リーダライタ１０が非接触ＩＣカードの近接を判別することが可能な値と、その値よりも低い値とを交互にとるように搬送波が送信される場合をいう。 The transmission / reception unit 11 includes various circuits such as a modulation circuit, a demodulation circuit, and a high-frequency amplifier circuit, and transmission and reception antennas. The transmission / reception unit 11 transmits a carrier wave from a transmission antenna under the control of the control unit 13 and supplies power to a close contactless IC card. Moreover, the transmission / reception part 11 transmits / receives information between non-contact IC cards via a carrier wave. The carrier wave is intermittently transmitted at a predetermined timing in a carrier wave control process described later. Here, “the carrier wave is transmitted intermittently” means that the voltage value of the carrier wave signal is such that the reader / writer 10 can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card, and a value lower than that value. A case where a carrier wave is transmitted so as to be alternately taken.
　記憶部１２は、ＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）やＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）等を備え、制御部１３が実行する動作プログラムや各種情報を記憶する。また、記憶部１２は、制御部１３が動作するためのワークエリアとしても使用される。
　また、記憶部１２は、後述する搬送波制御処理において搬送波を間欠的に送信するための判別に使用される各種の時間情報を固定データとして予め記憶している。なお、この各種の時間情報は、ユーザが適宜設定できる可変データであってもよい。 The storage unit 12 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and stores an operation program executed by the control unit 13 and various types of information. The storage unit 12 is also used as a work area for the control unit 13 to operate.
In addition, the storage unit 12 stores in advance, as fixed data, various time information used for determination for intermittently transmitting a carrier wave in a carrier wave control process described later. The various types of time information may be variable data that can be set as appropriate by the user.
　制御部１３は、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）等を備える。制御部１３は、記憶部１２に記憶されている動作プログラムを実行することにより、リーダライタ１０全体を制御する。
　また、制御部１３は、送受信部１１により搬送波が間欠的に送信されるタイミングを制御する搬送波制御処理を実行する。なお、搬送波制御処理の詳細については後述する。
　また、制御部１３は、クロック回路などから構成されるタイマを備え、所定時間を計時する計時機能を有する。 The control unit 13 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the like. The control unit 13 controls the entire reader / writer 10 by executing an operation program stored in the storage unit 12.
Further, the control unit 13 executes a carrier wave control process for controlling the timing at which the carrier wave is intermittently transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11. Details of the carrier wave control process will be described later.
The control unit 13 includes a timer composed of a clock circuit and the like, and has a time measuring function for measuring a predetermined time.
　電圧測定部１４は、電圧レベル検出回路等を備える。電圧測定部１４は、送受信部１１が送信する搬送波信号の電圧（振幅電圧）を定期的（例えば２５０ｍｓ毎）に測定して測定値をセンサ部１５に送信する搬送波電圧測定処理を行う。搬送波電圧測定処理の詳細については後述する。
　ここで、図２を参照して、測定する搬送波信号の送受信部１１から電圧測定部１４への流れを説明する。図２は、送受信部１１と電圧測定部１４の概略回路図の一例である。発振器１１１の出力する所定周波数の交流信号（搬送波信号）は、マッチング回路１１２を介してループアンテナ１１３ａ、１１３ｂに供給される。ループアンテナ１１３ａと１１３ｂの入力端は、共振用キャパシタＣ１とＣ２とを介して接続されている。ループアンテナ１１３ａと１１３ｂの接続点と、共振用キャパシタＣ１とＣ２の接続点は、接地されている。
　また、ループアンテナ１１３ｂの一方の入力端の電圧が高インピーダンスの減衰器１４１を介して、検波器１４２に供給される。検波器１４２は、ダイオードとキャパシタから構成され、減衰器１４１の出力する搬送波信号の正極性のエンベローブ信号を出力する。
　検波器１４２の出力は、アナログデジタルコンバータ（ＡＤＣ）を介して後述するセンサ部１５のＣＰＵに供給される。
　なお、電圧測定部１４がセンサ部１５に送信する測定値の信号は、デジタル信号として送信してもよいし、アナログ信号のまま送信してもよい。また、その測定値の信号は、後述するセンサ部１５のＣＰＵに内蔵されるＡＤＣによりデジタル信号に変換されてもよい。 The voltage measurement unit 14 includes a voltage level detection circuit and the like. The voltage measurement unit 14 performs a carrier voltage measurement process in which the voltage (amplitude voltage) of the carrier wave signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 is periodically measured (for example, every 250 ms) and the measurement value is transmitted to the sensor unit 15. Details of the carrier voltage measurement process will be described later.
Here, the flow of the carrier wave signal to be measured from the transmission / reception unit 11 to the voltage measurement unit 14 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an example of a schematic circuit diagram of the transmission / reception unit 11 and the voltage measurement unit 14. An AC signal (carrier wave signal) having a predetermined frequency output from the oscillator 111 is supplied to the loop antennas 113 a and 113 b via the matching circuit 112. The input ends of the loop antennas 113a and 113b are connected via resonance capacitors C1 and C2. The connection point between the loop antennas 113a and 113b and the connection point between the resonance capacitors C1 and C2 are grounded.
The voltage at one input end of the loop antenna 113b is supplied to the detector 142 via the high impedance attenuator 141. The detector 142 includes a diode and a capacitor, and outputs a positive envelope signal of the carrier signal output from the attenuator 141.
The output of the detector 142 is supplied to the CPU of the sensor unit 15 described later via an analog / digital converter (ADC).
The measurement value signal transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14 to the sensor unit 15 may be transmitted as a digital signal or may be transmitted as an analog signal. Further, the signal of the measurement value may be converted into a digital signal by an ADC built in a CPU of the sensor unit 15 described later.
　センサ部１５は、ＣＰＵ、ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ等を備える。センサ部１５は、電圧測定部１４から送信される搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定値に基づいて、ローディングエフェクトを利用することにより非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接しているか否かを定期的（例えば２５０ｍｓ毎）に判別し、その結果（近接している旨の通知）を制御部１３に送信する近接判別処理を行う。近接判別処理の詳細については後述する。 The sensor unit 15 includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like. The sensor unit 15 periodically determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 by using a loading effect based on the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the voltage measuring unit 14. A proximity determination process is performed in which the determination is made (for example, every 250 ms), and the result (notification of proximity) is transmitted to the control unit 13. Details of the proximity determination process will be described later.
　次に、リーダライタ１０の動作について説明する。
　まず、制御部１３による搬送波制御処理について、図３を参照して説明する。なお、ここでは、搬送波制御処理の一例として、制御部１３が搬送波の送信の開始及び停止のタイミングを制御する場合を考える。搬送波制御処理は、例えば、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＮにする操作等に応答して開始される。 Next, the operation of the reader / writer 10 will be described.
First, the carrier wave control processing by the control unit 13 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, as an example of the carrier wave control process, a case where the control unit 13 controls the start and stop timings of carrier wave transmission is considered. The carrier wave control process is started in response to, for example, an operation in which the user turns on the reader / writer 10.
　搬送波制御処理が開始されると、制御部１３は、所定時間（例えば２５０ｍｓ）が経過したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ１０１）。制御部１３は、所定時間が経過していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０１；Ｎｏ）、所定時間が経過するまで待つ。 When the carrier wave control process is started, the control unit 13 determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 250 ms) has elapsed (step S101). When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed (step S101; No), the control unit 13 waits until the predetermined time has elapsed.
　制御部１３は、所定時間が経過したと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０１；Ｙｅｓ）、送受信部１１に搬送波の送信の開始指示を送信する（ステップＳ１０２）。 When the control unit 13 determines that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S101; Yes), the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S102).
　続いて、制御部１３は、所定時間（例えば４０μｓ）が経過したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ１０３）。この時間は、送受信部１１が送信する搬送波が安定するまでの待ち時間に相当する。制御部１３は、所定時間が経過していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０３；Ｎｏ）、所定時間が経過するまで待つ。 Subsequently, the control unit 13 determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 40 μs) has elapsed (step S103). This time corresponds to a waiting time until the carrier wave transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 is stabilized. When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed (step S103; No), the control unit 13 waits until the predetermined time has elapsed.
　制御部１３は、所定時間が経過したと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０３；Ｙｅｓ）、電圧測定部１４に送受信部１１から送信されている搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定の開始指示を送信する（ステップＳ１０４）。 When determining that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S103; Yes), the control unit 13 transmits an instruction to start measurement of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11 to the voltage measurement unit 14 (step S103). S104).
　続いて、制御部１３は、センサ部１５から非接触ＩＣカードの近接の有無の通知を受信したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ１０５）。制御部１３は、近接の有無の通知を受信していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０５；Ｎｏ）、その通知を受信するまで待つ。 Subsequently, the control unit 13 determines whether or not a notification of the proximity of the non-contact IC card has been received from the sensor unit 15 (step S105). When it is determined that the notification of the presence / absence of proximity has not been received (step S105; No), the control unit 13 waits until the notification is received.
　制御部１３は、近接の有無の通知を受信したと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０５；Ｙｅｓ）、その受信した通知が、非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接していることを示す「近接有」通知であるか否かを判別する（ステップＳ１０６）。 When the control unit 13 determines that the notification of the presence / absence of proximity has been received (step S105; Yes), the received notification indicates that the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10. It is discriminated whether or not it is a notification (step S106).
　制御部１３は、受信した通知が「近接有」であると判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０６；Ｙｅｓ）、ポーリングコマンドを実行することにより、送信中の搬送波を介して、近接している非接触ＩＣカードへ非接触ＩＤの問い合わせをする等の通信、及び非接触ＩＣカードへの電力供給を行う（ステップＳ１０７）。
　なお、この通信において行われる読み込みや書き込み処理は、非接触ＩＣカードの種類やリーダライタ１０にインストールされているアプリケーションの種類等に基づいて行われる。 If the control unit 13 determines that the received notification is “proximity present” (step S106; Yes), the control unit 13 executes a polling command so that the non-contact IC that is in close proximity via the carrier wave that is being transmitted Communication such as making an inquiry about a non-contact ID to the card and power supply to the non-contact IC card are performed (step S107).
Note that the reading and writing processes performed in this communication are performed based on the type of contactless IC card, the type of application installed in the reader / writer 10, and the like.
　その後、制御部１３は、非接触ＩＣカードとの通信が終了したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ１０８）。制御部１３は、通信が終了していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０８；Ｎｏ）、通信が終了するまで待つ。 Thereafter, the control unit 13 determines whether or not the communication with the non-contact IC card is finished (step S108). When it is determined that the communication has not ended (step S108; No), the control unit 13 waits until the communication ends.
　制御部１３は、通信が終了したと判別した場合は（ステップＳ１０８；Ｙｅｓ）、送受信部１１に搬送波の送信の停止指示を送信する（ステップＳ１０９）。そして制御部１３は、ステップＳ１０９の処理の後、ステップＳ１０１の処理に戻る。 When the control unit 13 determines that the communication has ended (step S108; Yes), the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S109). And the control part 13 returns to the process of step S101 after the process of step S109.
　また、制御部１３は、受信した通知が「近接有」でないと判別した場合（ステップＳ１０６；Ｎｏ）、すなわち受信した通知が「近接無」である場合は、送受信部１１に搬送波の送信の停止指示を送信する（ステップＳ１１０）。そして、制御部１３は、ステップＳ１１０の処理の後、ステップＳ１０１の処理に戻る。 Further, when the control unit 13 determines that the received notification is not “proximity present” (step S106; No), that is, when the received notification is “proximity not present”, the transmission / reception unit 11 stops transmitting the carrier wave. An instruction is transmitted (step S110). And the control part 13 returns to the process of step S101 after the process of step S110.
　以上が、搬送波制御処理の一連の動作である。なお、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＦＦにする操作等による割り込み信号が発生した場合に、この搬送波制御処理は終了する。 The above is a series of operations of the carrier wave control process. Note that this carrier wave control process ends when an interrupt signal is generated by an operation of the user turning off the power of the reader / writer 10 or the like.
　このように制御部１３は、センサ部１５から「近接無」通知を繰り返し受信する間、すなわち非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接していない場合には、所定時間毎（例えば２５０ｍｓ毎）に搬送波を送信する。また、制御部１３は、センサ部１５から「近接有」通知を受信した場合、すなわち非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接している場合には、搬送波を介して非接触ＩＣカードと通信や電力供給を行う。ここで、通常、搬送波信号の電圧（振幅電圧）は、極めて短時間（例えば１００μｓ）で測定可能である。従って、振幅電圧を測定するために搬送波が送信されている時間（即ち、搬送波が送信開始されてから（ステップＳ１０２）から停止されるまで（ステップＳ１１０）の時間）は、非接触ＩＣカードに電力を供給するに至らないほど極めて短い。そのため、本実施形態に係るリーダライタ１０の消費電力を、常に搬送波が送信され続けているものと比べて少なくすることが可能である。 As described above, the control unit 13 repeatedly receives “no proximity” notification from the sensor unit 15, that is, every time a non-contact IC card is not in proximity to the reader / writer 10, every predetermined time (for example, every 250 ms). Send a carrier wave. In addition, when the control unit 13 receives a “proximity presence” notification from the sensor unit 15, that is, when the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10, the control unit 13 communicates with the non-contact IC card via a carrier wave. Supply power. Here, normally, the voltage (amplitude voltage) of the carrier wave signal can be measured in a very short time (for example, 100 μs). Therefore, power is supplied to the non-contact IC card during the time when the carrier wave is transmitted to measure the amplitude voltage (that is, the time from when the carrier wave starts to be transmitted (step S102) to when it is stopped (step S110)). It is extremely short to not supply. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the reader / writer 10 according to the present embodiment as compared with the case where the carrier wave is constantly transmitted.
　次に、電圧測定部１４による電圧測定処理について、図４を参照して説明する。この電圧測定処理は、例えば、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＮにする操作等に応答して開始される。 Next, voltage measurement processing by the voltage measurement unit 14 will be described with reference to FIG. This voltage measurement process is started in response to, for example, an operation of turning on the power of the reader / writer 10 by the user.
　まず、電圧測定部１４は、制御部１３から搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定の開始指示（ステップＳ１０４で送信された指示に相当）を受信したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ２０１）。電圧測定部１４は、指示を受信していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ２０１；Ｎｏ）、指示を受信するまで待つ。 First, the voltage measurement unit 14 determines whether or not an instruction to start measurement of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal (corresponding to the instruction transmitted in step S104) has been received from the control unit 13 (step S201). When determining that the instruction has not been received (step S201; No), the voltage measurement unit 14 waits until the instruction is received.
　電圧測定部１４は、測定の開始指示を受信したと判別すると（ステップＳ２０１；Ｙｅｓ）、送受信部１１が送信する搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定を行う（ステップＳ２０２）。 When the voltage measurement unit 14 determines that the measurement start instruction has been received (step S201; Yes), the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S202).
　次に、電圧測定部１４は、ステップＳ２０２で測定した電圧の測定値をセンサ部１５に送信する（ステップＳ２０３）。その後、電圧測定部１４はステップＳ２０１の処理に戻る。 Next, the voltage measuring unit 14 transmits the measured value of the voltage measured in step S202 to the sensor unit 15 (step S203). Then, the voltage measurement part 14 returns to the process of step S201.
　以上が、電圧測定処理の一連の動作である。なお、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＦＦにする操作等による割り込み信号が発生した場合に、この電圧測定処理は終了する。 The above is a series of operations of the voltage measurement process. Note that this voltage measurement process ends when an interrupt signal is generated by an operation of the user turning off the power of the reader / writer 10 or the like.
　このように、電圧測定部１４は、制御部１３からの指示に応じて、送受信部１１が送信する搬送波信号の電圧を測定し、センサ部１５にその測定値を送信する。 Thus, the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the voltage of the carrier signal transmitted by the transmission / reception unit 11 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 13 and transmits the measured value to the sensor unit 15.
　次に、センサ部１５による近接判別処理について、図５を参照して説明する。この近接判別処理は、例えば、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＮにする操作等に応答して開始される。 Next, proximity determination processing by the sensor unit 15 will be described with reference to FIG. This proximity determination process is started in response to, for example, an operation of turning on the power of the reader / writer 10 by the user.
　まず、センサ部１５は、電圧測定部１３から搬送波の振幅電圧の測定値（ステップＳ２０３で送信された測定値に相当）を受信したか否かを判別する（ステップＳ３０１）。センサ部１５は、測定値を受信していないと判別した場合は（ステップＳ３０１；Ｎｏ）、測定値を受信するまで待つ。 First, the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave (corresponding to the measured value transmitted in step S203) has been received from the voltage measuring unit 13 (step S301). When it is determined that the measurement value is not received (step S301; No), the sensor unit 15 waits until the measurement value is received.
　センサ部１５は、測定値を受信したと判別すると（ステップＳ３０１；Ｙｅｓ）、直近の所定回数分（例えば２０回分）の測定値の平均値を算出する（ステップＳ３０２）。
　なお、この所定回数は、任意の値に設定されることが可能である。また、この所定回数分の測定値のうち、最高値と最低値を除いて、平均値が算出されてもよい。 If it is determined that the measurement value is received (step S301; Yes), the sensor unit 15 calculates an average value of the measurement values for the most recent predetermined number of times (for example, 20 times) (step S302).
The predetermined number of times can be set to an arbitrary value. Further, an average value may be calculated by excluding the highest value and the lowest value among the measured values for the predetermined number of times.
　続いて、センサ部１５は、算出された平均値からノイズマージンに相当する所定の電圧値（例えば１０ｍＶ）を減算し、閾値電圧を算出する（ステップＳ３０３）。
　なお、このノイズマージンは所定の値でなくてもよい。例えば、電圧測定部１４から定期的に送信される搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定値のうち、直近の所定回数分（例えば４回分）の分散値や偏差値等の統計情報が算出され、その統計情報に応じてノイズマージンが決定されてもよい。これにより、例えば、振幅電圧の測定値があまり分散していない場合にノイズマージンが低く設定されることにより、近接しているか否かの判別の制度を向上させることができる。
　また、このノイズマージンを減算する処理は、必ずしも行う必要はない。この処理が行われない場合には、ステップＳ３０２で算出された平均値が閾値電圧となる。 Subsequently, the sensor unit 15 calculates a threshold voltage by subtracting a predetermined voltage value (for example, 10 mV) corresponding to the noise margin from the calculated average value (step S303).
Note that this noise margin may not be a predetermined value. For example, among the measurement values of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal periodically transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14, statistical information such as a variance value and a deviation value for the latest predetermined number of times (for example, four times) is calculated, and the statistics The noise margin may be determined according to the information. Thereby, for example, when the measured value of the amplitude voltage is not very dispersed, the noise margin is set to be low, thereby improving the system for determining whether or not they are close to each other.
Further, the process of subtracting the noise margin is not necessarily performed. If this process is not performed, the average value calculated in step S302 is the threshold voltage.
　続いて、センサ部１５は、電圧測定部１４から定期的に送信される最新（直近）の搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定値がステップＳ３０３で算出された閾値電圧を超えているか否かを判別する（ステップＳ３０４）。これにより、センサ部１５は、非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接しているか否かを判別する。なお、ステップＳ３０４の判別処理において、非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接しているか否かを判別できる理由は、最新（直近）の搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定値が閾値電圧を超えていない場合、リーダライタ１０に近接している非接触ＩＣカードによるローディングエフェクトによって搬送波信号の振幅電圧が低減されたと推定できるからである。 Subsequently, the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the latest (most recent) carrier wave signal periodically transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14 exceeds the threshold voltage calculated in step S303. (Step S304). Thereby, the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10. The reason why it is possible to determine whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 in the determination processing in step S304 is that the measured value of the amplitude voltage of the latest (most recent) carrier wave signal does not exceed the threshold voltage. This is because it can be estimated that the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal has been reduced by the loading effect by the non-contact IC card close to the reader / writer 10.
　センサ部１５は、振幅電圧の測定値が閾値電圧を超えていると判別した場合（ステップＳ３０４；Ｙｅｓ）、制御部１３に非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接していないことを示す「近接無」通知を送信する（ステップＳ３０５）。その後、センサ部１５はステップＳ３０１の処理に戻る。 When the sensor unit 15 determines that the measured value of the amplitude voltage exceeds the threshold voltage (step S304; Yes), the sensor unit 15 indicates to the control unit 13 that the non-contact IC card is not in proximity to the reader / writer 10. A “no” notification is transmitted (step S305). Thereafter, the sensor unit 15 returns to the process of step S301.
　センサ部１５は、振幅電圧の測定値が閾値電圧を越えていないと判別した場合（ステップＳ３０４；Ｎｏ）、制御部１３に非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接していることを示す「近接有」通知を送信する（ステップＳ３０６）。その後、センサ部１５はステップＳ３０１の処理に戻る。 When it is determined that the measured value of the amplitude voltage does not exceed the threshold voltage (step S304; No), the sensor unit 15 indicates to the control unit 13 that the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10. “Yes” notification is transmitted (step S306). Thereafter, the sensor unit 15 returns to the process of step S301.
　以上が、近接判別処理の一連の動作である。なお、ユーザがリーダライタ１０の電源をＯＦＦにする操作等による割り込み信号が発生した場合に、この近接判別処理は終了する。 The above is a series of operations for proximity discrimination processing. Note that the proximity determination process ends when an interrupt signal is generated by the user turning off the power of the reader / writer 10 or the like.
　このようにして、近接判別処理において、比較的短い所定時間（例えば２５０ｍｓ）毎に非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接しているか否かが判別される。そして非接触ＩＣカードが近接していると判別された場合、その旨を示す「近接有」通知が制御部１３に送信される。
　なお、上記の閾値電圧の算出処理において、電圧測定部１４が測定したアナログ信号の電圧値、またはＡ／Ｄ変換されたデジタル信号の電圧値のどちらが用いられてもよい。 In this manner, in the proximity determination process, it is determined whether or not the non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10 every relatively short predetermined time (for example, 250 ms). When it is determined that the non-contact IC card is close, a “proximity presence” notification indicating that is sent to the control unit 13.
In the threshold voltage calculation process, either the voltage value of the analog signal measured by the voltage measurement unit 14 or the voltage value of the digital signal subjected to A / D conversion may be used.
　このように、本実施形態に係るリーダライタ１０は、非接触ＩＣカードが近接しているか否かを判別するセンサ機能を有し、その判別結果により搬送波の送信を制御する。従って、リーダライタ１０は、搬送波の送信により消費される電力を節約しつつ、確実に非接触ＩＣカードと通信することができる。 As described above, the reader / writer 10 according to the present embodiment has a sensor function for determining whether or not a non-contact IC card is in proximity, and controls transmission of a carrier wave based on the determination result. Therefore, the reader / writer 10 can reliably communicate with the non-contact IC card while saving the power consumed by transmitting the carrier wave.
　なお、本発明を実施するにあたって、種々の形態が考えられ、上記の実施形態に限られるものではない。 In carrying out the present invention, various forms are conceivable, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
　例えば、本実施形態では、非接触ＩＣカードと通信するリーダライタについて説明したが、非接触ＩＣチップを備えた機器（例えば携帯端末や携帯電話）等にも同様に本発明を適用することができる。 For example, in the present embodiment, a reader / writer that communicates with a non-contact IC card has been described. However, the present invention can be similarly applied to a device (for example, a mobile terminal or a mobile phone) that includes a non-contact IC chip. .
　また、本実施形態の搬送波制御処理において、搬送波の送信をＯＮまたはＯＦＦにするための判別に用いられた各種の所定に時間（例えば、搬送波が安定して送信されるまでの待ち時間が４０μｓ等）は、例示された時間に限定されず、適宜最適な所定の時間が設定可能である。 Further, in the carrier wave control processing of the present embodiment, various predetermined times used for determination for turning on or off the transmission of the carrier wave (for example, the waiting time until the carrier wave is stably transmitted is 40 μs, etc. ) Is not limited to the exemplified time, and an optimal predetermined time can be set as appropriate.
　また、本実施形態においてセンサ部１５が行う処理は、制御部１３が行ってもよい。この場合、リーダライタ１０は、センサ部１５を備える必要はない。 In addition, the process performed by the sensor unit 15 in the present embodiment may be performed by the control unit 13. In this case, the reader / writer 10 does not need to include the sensor unit 15.
　また、本実施形態では、センサ部１５は電圧測定部１４から送信される搬送波信号の振幅電圧の測定値に基づいて非接触ＩＣカードが近接しているか否かを判別するが、既存の赤外線近接センサや磁気型近接センサ等の一般的な近接センサが、この判別を行ってもよい。
　また、本実施形態では、電圧測定部１４が送受信部１１から送信される搬送波信号の振幅電圧を測定し、センサ部１５がその測定値に基づいて非接触ＩＣカードが近接しているか否かを判別する。しかし、センサ部１５は、電圧測定部１４が測定する搬送波信号の電圧の実効値や平均値等に基づいて非接触ＩＣカードが近接しているか否かを判別してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is in proximity based on the measurement value of the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the voltage measurement unit 14. A general proximity sensor such as a sensor or a magnetic proximity sensor may make this determination.
In the present embodiment, the voltage measurement unit 14 measures the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the sensor unit 15 determines whether or not the non-contact IC card is in proximity based on the measurement value. Determine. However, the sensor unit 15 may determine whether or not the non-contact IC card is close based on the effective value or average value of the voltage of the carrier wave signal measured by the voltage measuring unit 14.
　また、本実施形態では、制御部１３がセンサ部１５から非接触ＩＣカードが近接している旨の通知を受信すると（ステップＳ１０５；Ｙｅｓ）、制御部１３は搬送波を介してポーリングコマンド等を実行する。しかし、制御部１３がセンサ部１５から非接触ＩＣカードが近接している旨の通知を所定時間（例えば１ｓ）経過後も受信しない場合に、制御部１３は搬送波を介してポーリングコマンド等を実行してもよい。
　これにより、送受信部１１の周囲の予期せぬ外部要因等により、電圧測定部１４により測定される搬送波信号の振幅電圧が異常値を示し、センサ部１５が非接触ＩＣカードが近接しているか否かを適切に判別できない場合であっても、所定時間後には必ず制御部１３は搬送波を介してポーリングコマンド等を実行する。このため、リーダライタ１０は、非接触ＩＣカードとより確実に通信を行うことができる。 In the present embodiment, when the control unit 13 receives a notification from the sensor unit 15 that a non-contact IC card is approaching (step S105; Yes), the control unit 13 executes a polling command or the like via a carrier wave. To do. However, when the control unit 13 does not receive a notification that the non-contact IC card is approaching from the sensor unit 15 after a predetermined time (for example, 1 s), the control unit 13 executes a polling command or the like via the carrier wave. May be.
Thereby, due to an unexpected external factor around the transmission / reception unit 11, the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal measured by the voltage measurement unit 14 shows an abnormal value, and whether the sensor unit 15 is close to the non-contact IC card or not. Even if it is not possible to properly determine whether or not, the control unit 13 always executes a polling command or the like via a carrier wave after a predetermined time. For this reason, the reader / writer 10 can more reliably communicate with the non-contact IC card.
　また、本実施形態の電圧測定部１４が最大値保持回路（ピークホールド）を備えてもよい。この場合、最大値保持回路により、送受信部１１から送信される搬送波信号の振幅電圧は瞬時に保持され、保持された電圧を測定することにより、さらに搬送波の送信時間を短くすることが可能である。詳細に説明すると、搬送波振幅電圧の測定において、リーダライタが最大値保持回路を持たない場合には、（ａ）搬送波の送信を開始してから搬送波の電圧が安定するまでの時間と（ｂ）Ａ／Ｄ変換にかかる時間との間は、少なくとも搬送波が送信され続けている必要がある。これに対し、リーダライタが最大値保持回路を持つ場合には、（ａ）の時間だけ搬送波が送信されていればよい。従って、リーダライタが最大値保持回路を持つ場合には、（ａ）の時間経過後、すなわち最大値保持回路が電圧を保持してからすぐに送受信部１１による搬送波の送信を停止することができるため、搬送波の送信により消費される電力をさらに節約することができる。 Further, the voltage measurement unit 14 of the present embodiment may include a maximum value holding circuit (peak hold). In this case, the maximum value holding circuit instantaneously holds the amplitude voltage of the carrier wave signal transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11, and the carrier wave transmission time can be further shortened by measuring the held voltage. . More specifically, in the measurement of the carrier wave amplitude voltage, when the reader / writer does not have the maximum value holding circuit, (a) the time from the start of carrier wave transmission until the carrier voltage becomes stable; and (b) At least the carrier wave needs to be transmitted during the time required for the A / D conversion. On the other hand, when the reader / writer has a maximum value holding circuit, it is sufficient that the carrier wave is transmitted for the time (a). Therefore, when the reader / writer has the maximum value holding circuit, the transmission / reception unit 11 can stop the transmission of the carrier wave after the time (a) has elapsed, that is, immediately after the maximum value holding circuit holds the voltage. Therefore, the power consumed by the transmission of the carrier can be further saved.
　また、上述の搬送波制御処理では、ポーリングコマンド等の実行中に（ステップＳ１０７）電圧測定処理及び近接判別処理は行われていない。しかし、制御部１３は、ポーリングコマンド等の実行中に電圧測定部１４に電圧測定指示を送信し、センサ部１５から近接の有無の通知を受信することで、非接触ＩＣカードとの通信中も電圧測定処理及び近接判別処理が行われてもよい。 In the carrier wave control process described above, the voltage measurement process and the proximity determination process are not performed during execution of a polling command or the like (step S107). However, the control unit 13 transmits a voltage measurement instruction to the voltage measurement unit 14 during execution of a polling command and the like, and receives a notification of the presence / absence of proximity from the sensor unit 15, so that it can be in communication with the non-contact IC card. A voltage measurement process and a proximity determination process may be performed.
　また、上述の搬送波制御処理では、制御部１３はセンサ部１５から「近接無」の通知を受信した場合に、送受信部１１に搬送波の送信の停止指示を送信している（ステップＳ１１０）。しかし、制御部１３は、電圧の測定指示を送信し（ステップＳ１０４）、電圧測定部１４により電圧測定が終了した後、センサ部１５からの近接の有無の通知の受信を待たずに搬送波の送信の停止指示を送受信部１１に送信してもよい。この場合、制御部１３は、ポーリングコマンド等の実行（ステップＳ１０７）前に、再度搬送波の送信の開始指示を送受信部１１に送信すればよい。 In the carrier wave control process described above, when the control unit 13 receives a notification of “no proximity” from the sensor unit 15, the control unit 13 transmits a transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 (step S110). However, the control unit 13 transmits a voltage measurement instruction (step S104), and after the voltage measurement by the voltage measurement unit 14 is completed, the control unit 13 transmits the carrier wave without waiting for reception of the proximity presence / absence notification from the sensor unit 15. May be transmitted to the transmission / reception unit 11. In this case, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 again before executing the polling command or the like (step S107).
　また、リーダライタ１０が最大値保持回路を持つ場合には、制御部１３は、電圧の測定指示を送信する直前、すなわちステップＳ１０３とステップＳ１０４の間で搬送波の送信の停止指示を送受信部１１に送信してもよい。この場合、制御部１３は、ポーリングコマンド等の実行（ステップＳ１０７）前に、再度搬送波の送信の開始指示を送受信部１１に送信すればよい。 When the reader / writer 10 has a maximum value holding circuit, the control unit 13 sends a transmission stop instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 immediately before transmitting the voltage measurement instruction, that is, between step S103 and step S104. You may send it. In this case, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave transmission start instruction to the transmission / reception unit 11 again before executing the polling command or the like (step S107).
　また、本実施形態では、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間、搬送波は一定期間毎（ステップＳ１０１では２５０ｍｓ毎）に送受信部１１から送信される。しかし、制御部１３が「近接有」の通知を一度受信した場合、その一定期間よりも短い期間毎に搬送波を送信するよう送受信部１１に指示してもよい。具体的には、送受信部１１は２秒毎に搬送波を送信し、非接触ＩＣカードが近接したならば、制御部１３の指示により２５０ｍｓ毎に送信する。その後、５分程度の間に一度も非接触ＩＣカードが近接しなかったならば、再び送受信部１１は２秒毎に搬送波を送信する。これにより、通信が途切れてしまった際にすぐにカードが近接した場合のセンサの反応性が良くなる。 Further, in the present embodiment, while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the notification of “no proximity”, the carrier wave is transmitted from the transmission / reception unit 11 at regular intervals (every 250 ms in step S101). However, when the control unit 13 receives the “proximity presence” notification once, the control unit 13 may instruct the transmission / reception unit 11 to transmit a carrier wave every period shorter than the predetermined period. Specifically, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits a carrier wave every 2 seconds. If a non-contact IC card approaches, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits it every 250 ms according to an instruction from the control unit 13. Thereafter, if the non-contact IC card has never approached within about 5 minutes, the transmission / reception unit 11 transmits the carrier wave every 2 seconds again. This improves the responsiveness of the sensor when the card immediately approaches when communication is interrupted.
　さらに、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間、制御部１３は、非接触ＩＣカードとの通信や電力供給は可能ではないが近接判別は可能である程度の電力を消費する搬送波を間欠的に、又は連続的に送信するよう、送受信部１１に指示してもよい。そして、制御部１３が「近接有」の通知を受信した場合、制御部１３は非接触ＩＣカードとの通信や電力供給が可能である程度の電力を消費する搬送波を送信するよう、送受信部１１に指示してもよい。 Further, while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the notification of “no proximity”, the control unit 13 cannot communicate with the non-contact IC card or supply power, but can detect proximity and consumes a certain amount of power. May be instructed to the transmission / reception unit 11 to transmit intermittently or continuously. When the control unit 13 receives the notification of “proximity”, the control unit 13 communicates with the non-contact IC card and supplies power to the transmission / reception unit 11 so as to transmit a carrier wave that consumes a certain amount of power. You may instruct.
　ここで、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間に、送受信部１１から搬送波が間欠的に及び連続的に送信される場合の、搬送波信号の電圧値の時間変化の一例を図６に示す。 Here, an example of the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the carrier wave is transmitted intermittently and continuously from the transmission / reception unit 11 while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the “no proximity” notification. As shown in FIG.
　図６（ａ）は、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間に、搬送波の送信の開始及び停止が繰り返し行われる場合の搬送波信号の電圧値の時間変化を示す。リーダライタ１０の電源が入った時間を時刻０とする。制御部１３は時刻ｔ１で送受信部１１に搬送波の送信を開始させる。この時送信する搬送波信号の電圧値Ｖ１は、非接触ＩＣカードとの通信や電力供給が可能である搬送波信号の電圧値である。ここで、「通信が可能である」とは、リーダライタ１０と非接触ＩＣカードとの間で、送受信が必要な情報を通常の品質で送受信できる状態をいう。制御部１３は、時刻ｔ２でセンサ部１５から「近接無」の通知を受信し、搬送波の送信を停止させる。制御部１３が時刻ｔ３及びｔ４で同じ動作を繰り返した後に、非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接した場合を考える。すると、制御部１３は時刻ｔ５で搬送波の送信を開始させた後、時刻ｔ６でセンサ部１５から「近接有」の通知を受信する。そして、制御部１３は時刻ｔ６以降非接触ＩＣカードとの通信等が終了するまで、搬送波を送信させ続ける。なお、時刻０～ｔ１、ｔ２～ｔ３、及びｔ４～ｔ５において、制御部１３は搬送波の送信を停止させずに、搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ１よりも低い値である搬送波を送信させてもよい。以下同様に非接触ＩＣカードがリーダライタ１０に近接する場合を考える。 FIG. 6A shows the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the transmission and reception of the carrier wave are repeatedly performed while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the “no proximity” notification. The time when the reader / writer 10 is turned on is defined as time 0. The control unit 13 causes the transmission / reception unit 11 to start transmitting a carrier wave at time t1. The voltage value V1 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time is the voltage value of the carrier wave signal that allows communication with the non-contact IC card and power supply. Here, “communication is possible” refers to a state in which information that needs to be transmitted / received can be transmitted / received with normal quality between the reader / writer 10 and the non-contact IC card. The control unit 13 receives a notification of “no proximity” from the sensor unit 15 at time t2, and stops the transmission of the carrier wave. Consider a case where the non-contact IC card comes close to the reader / writer 10 after the control unit 13 repeats the same operation at times t3 and t4. Then, after starting transmission of the carrier wave at time t5, the control unit 13 receives a notification of “proximity” from the sensor unit 15 at time t6. And the control part 13 continues transmitting a carrier wave until the communication with a non-contact IC card, etc. are complete | finished after time t6. At times 0 to t1, t2 to t3, and t4 to t5, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave whose voltage value is lower than V1 without stopping the carrier wave transmission. . Similarly, consider a case where a non-contact IC card is close to the reader / writer 10.
　図６（ｂ）は、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間に、搬送波信号の電圧値がリーダライタ１０が非接触ＩＣカードの近接を判別することが可能な値とそれよりも低い値とを交互にとるように搬送波が送信される場合の搬送波信号の電圧値の時間変化を示す。この場合、制御部１３は時刻０～ｔ１、ｔ２～ｔ３、及びｔ４～ｔ５においては搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ２である搬送波を送信させる。この時送信する搬送波信号の電圧値Ｖ２は、リーダライタ１０が非接触ＩＣカードの近接判別が可能な値でも、近接判別が可能でない値でもよい。そして、制御部１３は時刻ｔ１～ｔ２、ｔ３～ｔ４、及びｔ５～ｔ６においては搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ３である搬送波を送信させる。この時送信する搬送波信号の電圧値Ｖ３は、Ｖ１より小さいがＶ２より大きく、非接触ＩＣカードの近接判別が可能な値である。そして、制御部１３はｔ６で「近接有」通知を受信した後に、搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ１である搬送波を送信させる。なお、図６（ａ）の場合においても、制御部１３はｔ１～ｔ２、ｔ３～ｔ４、及びｔ５～ｔ６では搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ３である搬送波を送信させてもよい。 FIG. 6B shows the voltage value of the carrier wave signal that allows the reader / writer 10 to determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the “no proximity” notification. The time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the carrier wave is transmitted so as to alternately take a lower value is shown. In this case, the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave whose voltage value is V2 at times 0 to t1, t2 to t3, and t4 to t5. The voltage value V2 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time may be a value at which the reader / writer 10 can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card or a value at which the proximity determination is not possible. Then, the control unit 13 transmits a carrier wave whose voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V3 at times t1 to t2, t3 to t4, and t5 to t6. The voltage value V3 of the carrier wave signal transmitted at this time is smaller than V1 but larger than V2, and is a value that can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card. Then, after receiving the “proximity presence” notification at t6, the control unit 13 causes the carrier wave whose voltage value is V1 to be transmitted. Also in the case of FIG. 6A, the control unit 13 may transmit a carrier wave whose voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V3 from t1 to t2, t3 to t4, and t5 to t6.
　次に図６（ｃ）は、制御部１３が「近接無」の通知を繰り返し受信する間に、搬送波信号の電圧値が非接触ＩＣカードの近接を判別することが可能な値のまま連続的に搬送波が送信される場合の搬送波信号の電圧値の時間変化を示す。この場合、時刻０～ｔ６までは、制御部１３は搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ３である搬送波を連続的に送信させる。そして、制御部１３はｔ６で「近接有」通知を受信した後に、搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ１である搬送波を送信させる。
　このように搬送波を送信することで、本実施形態に係るリーダライタは、常に搬送波信号の電圧値がＶ１の状態で動作するリーダライタよりも消費電力が少ない。 Next, FIG. 6C shows that while the control unit 13 repeatedly receives the notification of “no proximity”, the voltage value of the carrier signal is continuously a value that can determine the proximity of the non-contact IC card. Shows the time change of the voltage value of the carrier wave signal when the carrier wave is transmitted. In this case, from time 0 to t6, the control unit 13 continuously transmits the carrier wave whose voltage value is V3. Then, after receiving the “proximity presence” notification at t6, the control unit 13 causes the carrier wave whose voltage value is V1 to be transmitted.
By transmitting the carrier wave in this way, the reader / writer according to the present embodiment consumes less power than the reader / writer that always operates in a state where the voltage value of the carrier wave signal is V1.
　また、本実施形態では、リーダライタ１０において、動作プログラムが記憶部１３に予め記憶されている。しかし、上述の処理動作を実行させるためのプログラムをフレキシブルディスク、ＣＤ－ＲＯＭ（Compact Disk Read-Only Memory）、ＤＶＤ（Digital Versatile Disk）、ＭＯ（Magnet-Optical Disk）等のコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に格納して配布し、そのプログラムをリーダライタ１０にインストールすることにより、上述の処理動作を実行する装置（リーダライタ）を構成してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the operation program is stored in advance in the storage unit 13 in the reader / writer 10. However, a computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), or an MO (Magnet-Optical Disk) is used as a program for executing the processing operations described above. A device (reader / writer) that executes the above-described processing operations may be configured by storing and distributing the program and installing the program in the reader / writer 10.
　また、プログラムをインターネット等の通信ネットワーク上の所定のサーバ装置が有するディスク装置等に格納しておき、例えば搬送波に重畳させて、コンピュータにダウンロード等してもよい。さらに、通信ネットワークを介してプログラムを転送しながら起動及び実行することによっても、上述の処理を達成することができる。 Alternatively, the program may be stored in a disk device or the like included in a predetermined server device on a communication network such as the Internet, and may be downloaded onto a computer, for example, superimposed on a carrier wave. Furthermore, the above-described processing can also be achieved by starting and executing a program while transferring it via a communication network.
　本出願は、２００８年４月２３日に出願された、日本国特許出願２００８－１１３０８３号に基づく。本明細書中に日本国特許出願２００８－１１３０８３号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面全体を参照として取り込むものとする。 This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-113083 filed on Apr. 23, 2008. The specification, claims, and entire drawing of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-113083 are incorporated herein by reference.
　本発明は、非接触ＩＣとリーダライタとの間での通信等の用途に好適に適用される。 The present invention is suitably applied to uses such as communication between a non-contact IC and a reader / writer.
　１０　　リーダライタ
　１１　　送受信部
　１１１　発振器
　１１２　マッチング回路
　１１３ａ、１１３ｂ　ループアンテナ
　１２　　記憶部
　１３　　制御部
　１４　　電圧測定部
　１４１　減衰器
　１４２　検波器
　１５　　センサ部
　Ｃ１、Ｃ２　共振用キャパシタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Reader / writer 11 Transmission / reception part 111 Oscillator 112 Matching circuit 113a, 113b Loop antenna 12 Storage part 13 Control part 14 Voltage measurement part 141 Attenuator 142 Detector 15 Sensor part C1, C2 Resonance capacitor

Claims (10)

  1. 　媒体との間で搬送波信号を介して通信する機能を有するリーダライタであって、
    　前記搬送波信号を送信する搬送波送信手段と、
    　前記搬送波送信手段が送信する搬送波信号の電圧値を繰り返して測定する電圧測定手段と、
    　前記電圧測定手段で測定した電圧値に基づいて、自身に近接された前記媒体が有るか否かを定期的に判別する近接判別手段と、
    　前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合に、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能な状態に制御し、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能な状態に制御する搬送波制御手段と、
    　を備えることを特徴とするリーダライタ。     A reader / writer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal,
    Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal;
    Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means;
    Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself,
    When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When,
    A reader / writer characterized by comprising:
  2. 　前記搬送波制御手段は、
    　前記近接判別手段が近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能で、且つ、前記媒体との間の搬送波を介したデータ通信が不可能な状態に前記搬送波送信手段を制御する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のリーダライタ。     The carrier wave control means includes
    When the proximity determining unit determines that there is no medium in proximity, the proximity determining unit can detect the proximity of the medium, and data communication with the medium via a carrier wave can be performed. Controlling the carrier transmission means in an impossible state;
    The reader / writer according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記搬送波制御手段は、
    　前記搬送波送信手段に搬送波を出力させ、続いて、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なように、前記搬送波を継続的に出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、搬送波の出力を停止させ又は搬送波のエネルギーを低下させる、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリーダライタ。     The carrier wave control means includes
    If the carrier transmitting means outputs a carrier wave, and then the proximity determining means determines that there is a close medium, data communication via the carrier signal is possible with the medium. In the case where the carrier wave is continuously output, and the proximity determining unit determines that there is no adjacent medium, the carrier wave transmitting unit is controlled to stop the output of the carrier wave or to reduce the energy of the carrier wave. Reduce,
    The reader / writer according to claim 1, wherein the reader / writer is provided.
  4. 　前記搬送波制御手段は、
    　前記搬送波送信手段に、媒体の近接検出できるレベルとできないレベルの搬送波を順次に出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なレベルの搬送波を継続的に出力させるように制御する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリーダライタ。     The carrier wave control means includes
    When the carrier wave transmitting means sequentially outputs a carrier wave at a level at which proximity of the medium can be detected and a level at which the medium cannot be detected, and the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium close to the medium, Control to continuously output a carrier wave at a level capable of data communication via a signal.
    The reader / writer according to claim 1, wherein the reader / writer is provided.
  5. 　前記搬送波制御手段は、
    　前記搬送波送信手段に、媒体の近接検出できるが通信ができない所定レベルの搬送波を出力させ、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合には、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能なレベルの搬送波を継続的に出力させるように制御する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリーダライタ。     The carrier wave control means includes
    When the carrier wave transmitting means outputs a carrier wave of a predetermined level that can detect the proximity of the medium but cannot communicate, and the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium in proximity, the carrier wave between the medium and the medium is detected. Control to continuously output a carrier wave at a level capable of data communication via a signal.
    The reader / writer according to claim 1, wherein the reader / writer is provided.
  6. 　前記近接判別手段は、
    　前記電圧測定手段が測定した電圧値から閾値電圧を求める、閾値電圧算出手段をさらに備え、
    　前記電圧測定手段が直近に測定した電圧値が、前記閾値電圧算出手段で算出した閾値電圧を下回った場合に、近接された前記媒体が有ると判別する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリーダライタ。     The proximity determining means includes
    A threshold voltage calculating means for obtaining a threshold voltage from the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means;
    When the voltage value most recently measured by the voltage measuring means is lower than the threshold voltage calculated by the threshold voltage calculating means, it is determined that there is the adjacent medium.
    The reader / writer according to claim 1, wherein the reader / writer is provided.
  7. 　前記閾値電圧算出手段は、
    　前記電圧測定手段が測定した複数の電圧値のうち直近に測定したものから所定回数分の電圧値の平均値を算出し、算出した平均値からノイズマージンに相当する電圧値を減算した電圧を閾値電圧として算出する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項６に記載のリーダライタ。     The threshold voltage calculation means includes
    A voltage value obtained by subtracting a voltage value corresponding to a noise margin from the calculated average value is calculated as a threshold value by calculating an average value of a predetermined number of voltage values from the most recently measured voltage values measured by the voltage measuring means. Calculate as voltage,
    The reader / writer according to claim 6.
  8. 　前記閾値電圧算出手段は、
    　前記電圧測定手段が測定した複数の電圧値のうち直近に測定したものから所定回数分の電圧値の統計情報を算出し、算出した統計情報に基づいて、前記ノイズマージンに相当する電圧値を求める、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項７に記載のリーダライタ。     The threshold voltage calculation means includes
    The statistical information of the voltage value for a predetermined number of times is calculated from the most recently measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, and the voltage value corresponding to the noise margin is obtained based on the calculated statistical information. ,
    The reader / writer according to claim 7.
  9. 　前記電圧測定手段は最大値保持回路を備え、該最大値保持回路に搬送波の電圧を保持させ、保持させた電圧値を測定する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリーダライタ。     The voltage measuring means includes a maximum value holding circuit, the carrier voltage is held in the maximum value holding circuit, and the held voltage value is measured.
    The reader / writer according to claim 1, wherein the reader / writer is provided.
  10. 　媒体との間で搬送波信号を介して通信する機能を有するコンピュータを、
    　前記搬送波信号を送信する搬送波送信手段と、
    　前記搬送波送信手段が送信する搬送波信号の電圧値を繰り返して測定する電圧測定手段と、
    　前記電圧測定手段で測定した電圧値に基づいて、自身に近接された前記媒体が有るか否かを定期的に判別する近接判別手段と、
    　前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が有ると判別した場合に、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記媒体との間で前記搬送波信号を介したデータ通信が可能な状態に制御し、前記近接判別手段が、近接された媒体が無いと判別した場合には、前記搬送波送信手段を制御して、前記近接判別手段による前記媒体の近接の有無の検出が可能な状態に制御する搬送波制御手段と、
    　として機能させることを特徴とするプログラム。     A computer having a function of communicating with a medium via a carrier wave signal;
    Carrier transmission means for transmitting the carrier signal;
    Voltage measuring means for repeatedly measuring the voltage value of the carrier signal transmitted by the carrier transmitting means;
    Based on the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring means, proximity determining means for periodically determining whether or not there is the medium close to itself,
    When the proximity determining means determines that there is a medium that is close, the carrier transmitting means is controlled so that data communication with the medium via the carrier signal is possible, A carrier wave control unit that controls the carrier wave transmission unit when the proximity determination unit determines that there is no adjacent medium so that the proximity determination unit can detect the presence or absence of the proximity of the medium. When,
    A program characterized by functioning as
PCT/JP2009/058109 2008-04-23 2009-04-23 Reader/writer and program WO2009131197A1 (en)

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JP2012015622A (en) * 2010-06-29 2012-01-19 Denso Wave Inc Portable radio communication terminal
JP2016021687A (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-02-04 株式会社リコー Changeover circuit and antenna device
JP2016040940A (en) * 2015-10-27 2016-03-24 インテル コーポレイション Near-field communication (nfc) and proximity sensor for transportable device
JP2016127348A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 トッパン・フォームズ株式会社 Reader/writer
JP2016126423A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 トッパン・フォームズ株式会社 Reader/writer device
JP2021144709A (en) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-24 凌通科技股▲ふん▼有限公司Generalplus Technology Inc. Method and device for identifying radio frequency of low power consumption

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JP2001236474A (en) * 1999-12-16 2001-08-31 Takamisawa Cybernetics Co Ltd Card reader/writer and its control method, and gate system
JP2003108934A (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-11 Suzuki Motor Corp Communication control system, communication device, communication controlling method, recording medium, and program

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JP2001236474A (en) * 1999-12-16 2001-08-31 Takamisawa Cybernetics Co Ltd Card reader/writer and its control method, and gate system
JP2003108934A (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-11 Suzuki Motor Corp Communication control system, communication device, communication controlling method, recording medium, and program

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012015622A (en) * 2010-06-29 2012-01-19 Denso Wave Inc Portable radio communication terminal
JP2016021687A (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-02-04 株式会社リコー Changeover circuit and antenna device
JP2016127348A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 トッパン・フォームズ株式会社 Reader/writer
JP2016126423A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 トッパン・フォームズ株式会社 Reader/writer device
JP2016040940A (en) * 2015-10-27 2016-03-24 インテル コーポレイション Near-field communication (nfc) and proximity sensor for transportable device
JP2021144709A (en) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-24 凌通科技股▲ふん▼有限公司Generalplus Technology Inc. Method and device for identifying radio frequency of low power consumption
JP7164227B2 (en) 2020-03-11 2022-11-01 凌通科技股▲ふん▼有限公司 Low power radio frequency identification method and apparatus

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