WO2009129684A1 - 一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009129684A1
WO2009129684A1 PCT/CN2008/073662 CN2008073662W WO2009129684A1 WO 2009129684 A1 WO2009129684 A1 WO 2009129684A1 CN 2008073662 W CN2008073662 W CN 2008073662W WO 2009129684 A1 WO2009129684 A1 WO 2009129684A1
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Prior art keywords
axis
rotor
inductance
stator
motor
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French (fr)
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罗晓
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of automatic control, and in particular to a motor control system.
  • the direct-axis and cross-axis inductance parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motors have a great influence on the steady-state and dynamic performance of permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
  • the accuracy of the direct-axis and cross-axis inductance parameters is critical to predicting motor torque and weak magnetic properties, as well as designing the maximum efficiency of the motor, power factor, and other control system parameters. Therefore, it is very important to determine the direct-axis and cross-axis inductance parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the excitation mode is quite different from that of the electric excitation synchronous motor. Therefore, the test methods and test requirements for the AC and DC shaft inductance parameters of the electric excitation synchronous motor are no longer applicable to the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the finite element analysis method is generally used to determine the inductance parameters of the perpendicular and synchronous axes of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the finite element analysis method must ensure that the magnetic saturation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is obvious.
  • it is necessary to analyze the distribution of multiple currents in the motor winding. The calculation process is complicated and cumbersome, and the calculation amount is large. Summary of the invention
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor inductance parameter measuring device and method, which can easily realize the measurement of the inductance parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor between the horizontal axis and the straight axis.
  • the invention provides a permanent magnet motor inductance parameter measuring device, the device comprising: a rotor position monitoring device, a rotation fixing device, a test signal generating unit, a sample signal acquiring unit, and an inductance calculating unit;
  • the rotor position monitoring device is configured to detect a rotor pole position angle of the motor to be tested; the rotation fixing device is configured to position the rotor of the motor to be tested according to the rotor pole position angle, so that the rotor position angle reaches a preset Location
  • the test signal generating unit is configured to apply a voltage pulse signal of a certain magnitude to the motor to be tested; and the signal acquiring unit is configured to record the total current and phase voltage of the motor to be tested when the rotor position angle reaches a preset position, respectively.
  • U and the sampling time t;
  • the inductance calculation unit is configured to calculate the intersection axis and the direct axis inductance of the motor under test according to the total current i, the phase voltage u, and the sampling time t obtained by the sampling signal acquiring unit.
  • the preset position is: when any two phases of the stator of the motor to be tested are short-circuited, the angle between the pole d-axis and the phase of the stator not short-circuited is 0 degree or 90 degree.
  • the inductance calculation unit calculates the direct-axis inductance of the motor to be tested by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ⁇ (t) ⁇ d (t - i) + [ u(t) - R ⁇ i(t)]At
  • R is the electric resistance is not short-circuited phase winding
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the linear axis of the stator winding and the quadrature axis flux
  • i d , q are the stator winding straight axis and the intersecting axis current
  • L d , J q are the stator winding straight axis and the intersecting axis inductance respectively
  • the sampling time t is less than or equal to 0.1 millisecond.
  • the inductance calculation unit calculates the cross-axis inductance of the motor to be tested by the following formula:
  • R is the resistance of the winding that is not shorted
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • i d , q is the stator winding straight and cross-axis current
  • L d , J q are the stator winding respectively Straight axis and cross-axis inductance
  • the sampling time t is less than or equal to 0.1 milliseconds.
  • the rotor position monitoring device comprises a detector, a target disk and a rotor position monitoring unit; the target disk is fixed on the rotor by a rotor bracket, and rotates around the rotor support shaft together with the rotor; the detector passes the detector bracket Fixed on the stator, outputting a sinusoidal signal and a cosine signal of the rotor magnetic pole position angle to the rotor position monitoring unit;
  • the rotor position monitoring unit receives and processes test data from the detector and outputs information on the magnetic pole position angle of the rotor.
  • the rotation fixing device comprises a slide bar, an adjustment fixing block, and an end plate;
  • One end of the sliding rod is fixed to the rotor shaft, and the other end is circularly moved in a circular groove of the end plate at a center fixed to the rotor shaft;
  • the invention also provides a method for measuring an inductance parameter of a permanent magnet motor, the method comprising: Shorting any two phases of the stator of the motor to be tested;
  • the direct-axis inductance and the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding of the motor under test at time t are respectively calculated.
  • the straight-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated by the following formula:
  • ⁇ d (t) ⁇ d (t - l) + [
  • R is the resistance of the winding that is not shorted
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • i d , q is the stator winding straight and cross-axis current
  • L d , J q are the stator winding respectively Straight axis and cross shaft inductance.
  • the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated by the following formula:
  • ⁇ q (t) ⁇ q (t - l) + [
  • R is the resistance of the winding that is not shorted
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • i d , q is the stator winding straight and cross-axis current
  • L d , J q are the stator winding respectively Straight axis and cross shaft inductance.
  • the sampling time t is less than or equal to 0.1 milliseconds.
  • the direct axis and the cross-axis inductance parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized. It is indeed measured, and the measuring device used is simple in structure, convenient to use, less in measuring parameters, simple in operation, and does not require a large amount of computing resources.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of connection of a measurement signal generating unit and a measuring circuit
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the installation of the rotor position monitoring device
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the rotating fixture.
  • the invention provides a method for measuring the inductance parameter of a permanent magnet motor, which can easily realize the determination of the direct axis and the cross shaft inductance parameters of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the method for measuring the inductance parameter of the permanent magnet motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S101: Short-circuit the two phases of the stators 8 and C of the motor to be tested.
  • Step S102 The rotor magnetic pole of the motor to be tested is fixed at a position where the magnetic pole d-axis and the stator A are at an angle of 0 degrees by the rotor position monitoring device and the rotation fixing device.
  • Step S103 applying a voltage pulse signal to the series circuit composed of the stator and the B phase of the motor to be tested, recording the total current i flowing through the phase A of the series circuit, the series circuit (AB phase) voltage U, and the sample Time t.
  • Step S104 Calculate the direct-axis inductance of the stator winding of the motor under test at time t.
  • R is the resistance of the A-phase winding
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • d , i q are the stator winding straight axis and the intersecting axis current
  • J d , J q are the stator winding straight axis and the intersection
  • the shaft inductance, the sample time t is less than or equal to 0.1 milliseconds.
  • Step S105 Fix the rotor magnetic pole of the motor to be tested at a position where the magnetic pole d-axis and the stator A are at an angle of 90 degrees.
  • Step S106 Apply a voltage pulse signal to the series circuit composed of the stator and the B phase of the motor to be tested, and record the total current i, the AB voltage U, and the sampling time t flowing through the phase A of the series circuit.
  • Step S107 Calculate the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding of the motor under test at time t.
  • the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ q (t) ⁇ q (t -l) + [
  • R is the phase A winding
  • the resistance, ⁇ , q are the stator shaft straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • d , i q are the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis current
  • J d , J q are the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis inductance respectively
  • the sampling time t is smaller than Or equal to 0.1 milliseconds.
  • the method for measuring the inductance parameter of the permanent magnet motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that: the stators 8 and C of the motor to be tested are short-circuited, and the rotor poles of the motor to be tested are respectively fixed on the magnetic pole d-axis and The angle between the stator B phases is 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and a voltage pulse signal is applied to the series circuit composed of the stators 8 and C of the motor to be tested, and the positions of the magnetic pole d-axis and the stator B are recorded at 0 degree and 90 degree respectively.
  • the total current i, the BC phase voltage U, and the sampling time t of the phase B of the series circuit are calculated, and the direct-axis inductance and the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding of the motor under test at time t are respectively calculated.
  • the direct-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ q (t) W q (tl) + [
  • R is the resistance of the B-phase winding
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis magnetic flux
  • d , i q are the stator winding straight axis and the intersecting axis current
  • J d , J q are the stator winding straight axis and the cross-axis inductance respectively
  • the sampling time t is less than or equal to 0.1 milliseconds.
  • the method for measuring the inductance parameter of the permanent magnet motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that: the stators 8 and B of the motor to be tested are short-circuited, and the rotor poles of the motor to be tested are respectively fixed on the magnetic pole d-axis and The angle between the phases of the stator C is 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and a voltage pulse signal is applied to the series circuit composed of the stator A and the phase A of the motor to be tested, and the positions of the d-axis of the magnetic pole and the stator C are recorded at positions of 0 and 90 degrees, respectively.
  • the total current i, the CA phase voltage U, and the sampling time t flowing through the phase C of the series circuit are calculated, and the direct-axis inductance and the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding of the motor under test at time t are respectively calculated.
  • the cross-axis inductance of the stator winding at time t is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the accurate measurement of the direct-axis and cross-axis inductance parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized, and the measuring process is simple and convenient, the measuring parameters are small, the operation is simple, and a large amount of computing resources are not required.
  • the invention also provides a permanent magnet motor inductance parameter measuring device.
  • the device includes: a rotor position monitoring device, a rotation fixing device, a test signal generating unit, a sample signal acquiring unit, and an inductance calculating unit.
  • the rotor position monitoring device is configured to detect the rotor magnetic pole position angle of the motor under test.
  • the rotation fixing device is configured to position the rotor of the motor to be tested according to the rotor magnetic pole position angle detected by the rotor position monitoring device, so that the rotor magnetic pole position angle reaches a preset position.
  • the preset position is that the magnetic pole d-axis and the stator are not short-circuited.
  • the angle of the phase is 0 or 90 degrees.
  • the test signal generating unit is configured to apply a voltage pulse signal of a certain magnitude to the motor to be tested.
  • the signal acquisition unit is configured to record the total current 1, the phase voltage U, and the sampling time t of the motor to be tested when the rotor magnetic pole position angle reaches the preset position.
  • the inductance calculation unit is configured to calculate the intersection axis and the direct axis inductance of the motor under test according to the total current 1, the phase voltage U, and the sampling time t obtained by the signal acquisition unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a test signal generating unit according to the present invention.
  • the test signal generating unit comprises: a regulated power supply and a three-phase inverter bridge. By controlling the turn-on and turn-off of each of the three-phase inverter bridges, a pulse voltage test signal is generated by the regulated power supply and output to the motor under test.
  • the PWM signal is sent to the base of each triode in the three-phase inverter bridge to control the turn-on and turn-off of each triode.
  • the duty cycle and frequency of the PWM signal By adjusting the duty cycle and frequency of the PWM signal, the length of time each transistor is turned on and the frequency of the switching are adjusted to generate the voltage pulse signal required for the test.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a schematic view of the installation of the rotor position monitoring device of the present invention.
  • the rotor position monitoring device includes a target disk 1, a detector 2, and a rotor position monitoring unit (not shown).
  • the target disk 1 is a structured target disk
  • the detector 2 is a sensor element, which together form a position sensor based on the eddy current effect.
  • the target disk 1 is fixed to the rotor 4 via a rotor holder 7 and rotates around the rotor support shaft 6 together with the rotor 4.
  • the detector 2 is fixed to the stator 3 via a probe holder 5.
  • Detector 2 outputs the sine and cosine signals of the rotor pole position angle to the rotor position monitoring list Two AD channels of the element (not shown).
  • the rotor position monitoring unit receives and processes the test data from the detector and outputs information on the magnetic pole position angle of the rotor.
  • the outer side of the target disk 1 has a sinusoidal or cosine shape perpendicular to the disk surface direction, and is made of a metal material such as aluminum or iron.
  • the rotor position monitoring unit uses a DSP chip of the type TMS320 808.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a structural view of the rotating fixture of the present invention.
  • the rotation fixing device includes a slide bar 10, adjustment fixing blocks 11, 12, 13, and an end plate 8.
  • One end of the sliding rod 10 is annular, and can be integrally fixed with the rotor shaft 16 by meshing or other means, and the other end of the sliding rod 10 can be circularly fixed in the arcuate groove 9 of the end plate 8 at one end fixed to the rotor shaft. motion.
  • the adjustment fixed block is divided into a fine adjustment fixed block 11 and a coarse adjustment fixed block 12, 13.
  • the rotor shaft 16 When the rotor shaft 16 is turned to a position close to the desired rotor pole position, the rotor shaft 16 can be rotated only in a relatively small range by adjusting the two coarse adjustment blocks 12 and 13, and the fine adjustment block 11 can be adjusted by adjustment.
  • the rotor shaft 16 is positioned at a desired position.
  • Step S1 Connect the stator winding to the first bridge arm of the three-phase inverter bridge of the three-phase winding of the stator of the motor according to the wiring shown in Figure 1.
  • the phase B and phase C are short-circuited and the three-phase inverse
  • the second bridge arm of the transformer bridge is connected, and the third bridge arm of the three-phase inverter bridge is suspended.
  • Step S2 The rotor is slowly rotated, the rotor position detection value is obtained by the rotor position monitoring device, and the rotor position angle is calculated.
  • -li- ⁇ Use TI's DSP chip as the rotor position monitoring unit to perform rotor position detection.
  • Run the rotor position detection code slowly rotate the rotor, and use the test data from the detector 2 shown in Figure 2 to calculate the rotor position angle.
  • the rotor position is continuously adjusted by the rotation fixture shown in Fig. 3 until the rotor position angle reaches a predetermined position, such as a 0 position (or a 90 degree position).
  • the angle referred to herein refers to the angle between the d-axis and the phase A of the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the rotor shaft 16 is positioned at a predetermined position by adjusting the coarse adjustment fixed speeds 12, 13 and the fine adjustment fixed block 11.
  • Step S3 generating a test signal by using the measured motor unit A, B with a voltage pulse signal is applied to a certain size, records A, B line voltage 3 ⁇ 4 (Wfle) and phase current. And calculate the straight-axis inductance J d and the cross-axis inductance L q of the stator winding of the motor under test.
  • step S1 the phase B or phase C of the three-phase winding of the stator of the motor under test can be reversed.
  • the first bridge arms of the variable bridge are connected.
  • the eight or C phases are short-circuited or ⁇ , the B-phase is short-circuited, and then connected to the second bridge arm of the three-phase inverter bridge, and the third bridge arm of the three-phase inverter bridge Suspended.
  • the other steps are analogous.
  • the accurate measurement of the direct-axis and cross-axis inductance parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized, and the measuring device used is simple in structure, convenient to use, less in measuring parameters, simple in operation, and does not need to occupy a large amount of computing resources.

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Description

一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置及方法
本申请要求于 2008 年 4 月 24 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为
200810027647.8、 发明名称为"一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置及方法"的中国 专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于自动控制领域, 尤其涉及电机控制系统。
背景技术
永磁同步电机的直轴和交轴电感参数对于永磁同步电机的稳态和动态性 能有很大的影响。 其直轴和交轴电感参数的准确性对预测电机扭矩和弱磁性 能, 及设计电机最大效率、 功率因数等控制系统参数都非常关键。 因此如何确 定永磁同步电机的直轴和交轴电感参数是非常重要的。
由于永磁同步电机釆用永磁体励磁,其励磁方式与电励磁同步电机有很大 差别。 因此, 电励磁同步电机交轴与直轴电感参数的的试验方法和试验要求对 于永磁同步电机不再适用。
目前国家和国际标准中均没有有关永磁同步电机交轴与直轴电感参数测 试方法的具体规定。同时,由于永磁同步电机中永磁体的形状和位置多种多样, 其转子交、 直轴磁路异常复杂, 电感参数不仅与磁路饱和有关, 还出现了交、 直轴磁路间交叉饱和现象。 因此, 永磁同步电机交轴与直轴电感参数的测量非 常复杂。
现有技术一般釆用有限元分析法确定永磁同步电机交轴与直轴的电感参 数。 但是, 釆用有限元分析法必须保证永磁同步电机的磁饱和明显, 同时还需 要对电机绕组中多个电流分布情况进行分析,计算过程复杂繁瑣,计算量较大。 发明内容
本发明的首要目的是提出一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置及方法, 能够简 便的实现对永磁同步电机交轴与直轴的电感参数的测定。
本发明提供了一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置, 所述装置包括: 转子位置 监测装置、 转动固定装置、 测试信号产生单元、 釆样信号获取单元、 以及电感 计算单元;
所述转子位置监测装置, 用于探测得到被测电机转子磁极位置角; 所述转动固定装置, 用于根据所述转子磁极位置角, 对被测电机转子进行 定位, 使转子位置角达到预设位置;
所述测试信号产生单元, 用于对被测电机施加一定大小的电压脉冲信号; 所述信号获取单元, 用于分别记录转子位置角达到预设位置时, 被测电机 的总电流1、 相电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t;
所述电感计算单元, 用于根据釆样信号获取单元获取的总电流 i、相电压 u、 以及釆样时间 t计算得到被测电机交轴和直轴电感。
优选地, 所述预设位置为: 当被测电机定子任意两相短接时, 所述磁极 d 轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 0度或 90度位置。
优选地, 当转子位置角定位在磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 0度 位置时, 所述电感计算单元釆用下述公式计算得到被测电机直轴电感:
ψά (t) = ^d (t - i) + [ u(t) - R χ i(t)]At
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψΛ、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
优选地, 当转子位置角定位在磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 90 度位置时, 所述电感计算单元釆用下述公式计算得到被测电机交轴电感:
Wq (t) = wq (t - l) + [|u(t) - Rxi(t)]At
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
优选地, 所述转子位置监测装置包括探测器、 目标盘和转子位置监测单元; 所述目标盘通过转子支架固定在转子上, 与转子一起绕转子支架轴旋转; 所述探测器通过探测器支架固定在定子上, 输出转子磁极位置角的正弦信 号和余弦信号, 至转子位置监测单元;
所述转子位置监测单元接收并处理探测器传来的测试数据, 输出转子的磁 极位置角的信息。
优选地, 所述转动固定装置包括滑杆、 调节固定块、 以及端板;
所述滑杆一端与转子转轴固定, 另一端在端板的弧形槽内以固定在转子转 轴的一端为圓心作圓弧运动;
当转子转轴转到接近所需的转子磁极位置时, 调节两个调节固定块使转子 转轴定位在预设位置。
本发明还提供了一种永磁电机电感参数测量方法, 所述方法包括: 将被测电机定子的任意两相短接;
将转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 0度或 90度的位置; 向定子未被短接的相与其余任意一相组成的串联电路两端施加电压脉冲信 号, 分别记录磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 0度或 90度时, 所述串联电路 两端的总电流 i、 电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t信息;
根据所述总电流、 电压、 以及釆样时间信息, 分别计算得到被测电机定子 绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感和交轴电感。
优选地, 当磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 0度时, 釆用下述公式计算 得到定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感:
¥d (t) = ^d (t - l) + [| (t) - x i(t)]At
Li(t) =Ml=Ml
,d (t) i(t)
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感。
优选地, 当磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 90度时, 釆用下述公式计 算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感:
¥q (t) = ^q (t - l) + [| (t) - R xi(t)]At
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感。
优选地, 所述釆样时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
通过本发明提供的技术, 可以实现永磁同步电机直轴和交轴电感参数的准 确测量, 而且所用的测量装置结构简单, 使用方便, 测量参数少, 运算简单, 不需要占用大量的计算资源。
附图说明
图 1是测量信号产生单元及测量电路连接示意图;
图 2是转子位置监测装置安装示意图;
图 3是转动固定装置示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种永磁电机电感参数测量方法, 能够简便的实现对永磁电 机直轴和交轴电感参数的测定。
本发明第一实施例所述永磁电机电感参数测量方法包括以下步骤: 步骤 S101 : 将被测电机定子8、 C两相短接。
步骤 S102: 通过转子位置监测装置和转动固定装置使被测电机转子磁极固 定在磁极 d轴与定子 A相夹角为 0度位置。
步骤 S103: 向被测电机定子八、 B相组成的串联电路施加电压脉冲信号, 记 录流经该串联电路 A相的总电流 i、 该串联电路来两端(AB相)电压 U、 以及釆 样时间 t。
步骤 S 104: 计算得到被测电机定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感。
当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 A相的夹角为 0度位置时,根据下述公式计 算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感:
Ψά (t) = (t - 1) + [ uab (t) - R xia (t)]At z (t) = ) = ) ( 2 ) "t) a (t) 其中 R为 A相绕组的电阻, ψΛ、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, d 、 iq 为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Jd、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样 时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
步骤 S105: 将被测电机转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与定子 A相夹角为 90度位 置。
步骤 S106: 向被测电机定子八、 B相组成的串联电路施加电压脉冲信号, 记 录流经该串联电路 A相的总电流 i、 AB电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t。
步骤 S 107: 计算得到被测电机定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感。
当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 A相的夹角为 90度位置时, 根据下述公式 计算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感:
¥q (t) = ^q(t -l) + [|uab (t) - Rxia(t)]At ( 3 ) z (t) = ) = l ( 4 ) 其中 R为 A相绕组的电阻, Ψάq为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, d 、 iq 为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Jd、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样 时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
本发明第二实施例所述永磁电机电感参数测量方法与第一实施例的区别在 于: 将被测电机定子八、 C两相短接, 分别将被测电机转子磁极固定在磁极 d 轴与定子 B相夹角为 0度和 90度位置, 向被测电机定子8、 C相组成的串联电路 施加电压脉冲信号, 分别记录磁极 d轴与定子 B相夹角为 0度和 90度位置时, 流 经该串联电路 B相的总电流 i、 BC相电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t, 并分别计算得到 被测电机定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感和交轴电感。 当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 B相的夹角为 0度位置时, 根据下述公式计算 得到定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感:
¥d (t) =
Figure imgf000009_0001
+ [| bc (t) - R x ib (ΐ)]Δΐ ( 5 ) z (t)= )= ) (6) "t) ,b(t)
当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 B相的夹角为 90度位置时, 根据下述公式 计算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感:
¥q (t) = Wq(t-l) + [|ubc (t)-Rxib (ΐ)]Δΐ ( 7 ) z(t)= )= (8) 其中 R为 B相绕组的电阻, ψΛ、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, d 、 iq 为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Jd、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样 时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
本发明第三实施例所述永磁电机电感参数测量方法与第一实施例的区别在 于: 将被测电机定子八、 B两相短接, 分别将被测电机转子磁极固定在磁极 d 轴与定子 C相夹角为 0度和 90度位置, 向被测电机定子〇、 A相组成的串联电路 施加电压脉冲信号, 分别记录磁极 d轴与定子 C相夹角为 0度和 90度位置时, 流 经该串联电路 C相的总电流 i、 CA相电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t, 并分别计算得到 被测电机定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感和交轴电感。
当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 C相的夹角为 0度位置时, 根据下述公式计算 得到定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感: ψά (t) =
Figure imgf000010_0001
+ [| ca (t) - xic(t)]At ( 9 ) z (t)= )= ) ( io)
"t) c(t)
当转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与 C相的夹角为 90度位置时, 根据下述公式 计算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感:
q (t) = ^q (t - 1) + [ uca (t) - R x ic (t)]At
j 111 /
z (t)= )= l ( 12) 其中 R为 C相绕组的电阻, ψΛq为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, d 、 iq 为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Jd、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样 时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
釆用本发明所述方法, 能够实现对永磁同步电机直轴和交轴电感参数的准 确测量, 而且测量过程简单、 方便, 测量参数少, 运算简单, 不需要占用大量 的计算资源。 本发明还提供一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置。
所述装置包括: 转子位置监测装置、 转动固定装置、 测试信号产生单元、 釆样信号获取单元、 以及电感计算单元。
转子位置监测装置, 用于探测得到被测电机转子磁极位置角。
转动固定装置, 用于根据转子位置监测装置探测得到的转子磁极位置角, 对被测电机转子进行定位, 使转子磁极位置角达到预设位置。
当被测电机定子任意两相短接时,所述预设位置为磁极 d轴与定子未被短接 相的夹角为 0度或 90度位置。
测试信号产生单元, 用于对被测电机施加一定大小的电压脉冲信号。
信号获取单元, 用于分别记录转子磁极位置角达到预设位置时, 被测电机 的总电流1、 相电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t。
电感计算单元, 用于根据信号获取单元获取的总电流1、 相电压 U、 以及釆 样时间 t计算得到被测电机交轴和直轴电感。
参照图 1 , 为本发明所述测试信号产生单元结构图。
所述测试信号产生单元包含: 稳压电源和三相逆变桥。 通过控制三相逆变 桥中的各个三极管的导通与关断, 利用稳压电源产生脉冲电压测试信号,输出 至被测电机。
控制三相逆变桥的具体方法包括:
向三相逆变桥中各三极管的基极发送 PWM信号,控制各三极管的导通与关 断。 通过调整 PWM信号的占空比和频率, 调整各三极管导通的时间长度和开 关的频率, 从而产生测试所需的电压脉冲信号。
参照图 2, 为本发明所述转子位置监测装置安装示意图。
转子位置监测装置包括目标盘 1、 探测器 2和转子位置监测单元(图中未 画出)。
目标盘 1是结构化目标盘, 探测器 2是传感器元件, 两者组合起来构成了 基于涡流效应的位置传感器。
目标盘 1通过转子支架 7固定在转子 4上, 与转子 4一起绕转子支架轴 6 旋转。 探测器 2通过探测器支架 5固定在定子 3上。
探测器 2输出转子磁极位置角的正弦信号和余弦信号, 至转子位置监测单 元(图中未画出) 的两个 AD通道。
转子位置监测单元接收并处理探测器传来的测试数据, 输出转子的磁极位 置角的信息。
优选地, 为了配合探测器 2 , 目标盘 1 的外侧垂直于盘面方向为正弦或余 弦曲线形状, 且釆用铝或者铁等金属材料制成。
优选地, 转子位置监测单元釆用型号为 TMS320 808的 DSP芯片。
参照图 3 , 为本发明所述转动固定装置结构图。
转动固定装置包含滑杆 10、 调节固定块 11、 12、 13、 以及端板 8。
滑杆 10的一端为圓环状, 可与转子转轴 16通过啮合或其他方式固定为一 体,其另一端可在端板 8的弧形槽 9内以固定在转子转轴的一端为圓心作圓弧 运动。
调节固定块分为微调固定块 11和粗调固定块 12、 13。 当转子转轴 16转到 接近所需的转子磁极位置时,可以通过调节两个粗调固定块 12和 13使得转子 转轴 16只能在一个相对较小的范围内转动,再通过调节微调固定块 11使得转 子转轴 16定位在需求位置。
釆用本发明所述永磁电机电感参数测量装置测量交轴和直轴电感参数的过 程具体如下所述:
步骤 S1 : 对定子绕组按图 1所示接线,将被测电机定子三相绕组的 A相与 三相逆变桥的第一桥臂相连, 其 B相和 C相短接后与三相逆变桥的第二桥臂 相连, 三相逆变桥的第三桥臂悬置。
步骤 S2: 緩慢转动转子, 通过转子位置监测装置获取转子位置检测值, 并 计算得到转子位置角。 -li- 釆用 TI公司的 DSP芯片作为转子位置监测单元执行转子位置检测。 运行该 转子位置检测代码, 慢慢转动转子, 利用图 2所示探测器 2传来的测试数据, 经 过计算得出转子位置角。 通过图 3所示转动固定装置不断调整转子位置直到转 子位置角达到预定位置, 如 0位置(或 90度位置)。 此处所述角度是指同步旋转 坐标系 d轴与 A相的夹角, 通过调节粗调固定快 12、 13和微调固定块 11使得转 子转轴 16定位在预定位置。
步骤 S3: 利用测试信号产生单元对被测电机 A、 B相施加一定大小的电压脉 冲信号, 记录 A、 B线电压 ¾ ( Wfle )及 相电流。, 并计算得到被测电机定子 绕组直轴电感 Jd和交轴电感 Lq。 当转子位置角被定位在 0度时, id = ia = = 3/
Uab ~Uac ~ /2 U d 通过式 (1)和 (2) 可以得到随 d轴电流变化的 d轴电感 Ld(0。
¥d (t) ab (t) - Rxia(t)]At ( 1 )
Figure imgf000013_0001
d(t) (2)
0 ,a(t) 当转子位置角被定位在 90度时, iq
Figure imgf000013_0002
通过式 和 (4;) 可以得到随 q轴电流变化的 q轴电感 Ld( 。 ¥q (t) = Wq(t-l) + [ uab (t) - Rxia(t)]At (3)
(4)
'q(t) -' (t) 其中 R为 A相绕组的电阻。 ψΛ、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, d 、 iq 为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Jd、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样 时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
同样, 步骤 S1中还可以将被测电机定子三相绕组的 B相或 C相与三相逆 变桥的第一桥臂相连, 相应的, 将八、 C相短接或〇、 B相短接后与三相逆变 桥的第二桥臂相连, 三相逆变桥的第三桥臂悬置。 其他步骤依次类推。
通过本发明提供的技术, 可以实现永磁同步电机直轴和交轴电感参数的准 确测量, 而且所用的测量装置结构简单, 使用方便, 测量参数少, 运算简单, 不需要占用大量的计算资源。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种永磁电机电感参数测量装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括: 转子位 置监测装置、 转动固定装置、 测试信号产生单元、 釆样信号获取单元、 以及电 感计算单元;
所述转子位置监测装置, 用于探测得到被测电机转子磁极位置角; 所述转动固定装置, 用于根据所述转子磁极位置角, 对被测电机转子进行 定位, 使转子位置角达到预设位置;
所述测试信号产生单元, 用于对被测电机施加一定大小的电压脉冲信号; 所述信号获取单元, 用于分别记录转子位置角达到预设位置时, 被测电机 的总电流1、 相电压 u、 以及釆样时间 t;
所述电感计算单元, 用于根据釆样信号获取单元获取的总电流 i、相电压 u、 以及釆样时间 t计算得到被测电机交轴和直轴电感。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述预设位置为: 当被测电 机定子任意两相短接时,所述磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 0度或 90 度位置。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的装置, 其特征在于, 当转子位置角定位在磁极 d 轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 0度位置时, 所述电感计算单元釆用下述公 式计算得到被测电机直轴电感:
ψά (t) = ^d(t - l) + [ u(t) - R χ i(t)]At
z (t) = ) = )
,d (t) i(t)
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψΛ、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通- idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的装置, 其特征在于, 当转子位置角定位在磁极 d 轴与定子未被短接的相之间夹角为 90度位置时,所述电感计算单元釆用下述公 式计算得到被测电机交轴电感:
Wq (t) = Wq (t - l) + [|u(t) - R xi(t)]At
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感, 釆样时间 t小于或等于 0.1毫秒。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述转子位置监测装置包括 探测器、 目标盘和转子位置监测单元;
所述目标盘通过转子支架固定在转子上, 与转子一起绕转子支架轴旋转; 所述探测器通过探测器支架固定在定子上, 输出转子磁极位置角的正弦信 号和余弦信号, 至转子位置监测单元;
所述转子位置监测单元接收并处理探测器传来的测试数据, 输出转子的磁 极位置角的信息。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述转动固定装置包括滑杆、 调节固定块、 以及端板;
所述滑杆一端与转子转轴固定, 另一端在端板的弧形槽内以固定在转子转 轴的一端为圓心作圓弧运动; 当转子转轴转到接近所需的转子磁极位置时, 调节两个调节固定块使转子 转轴定位在预设位置。
7、 一种永磁电机电感参数测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: 将被测电机定子的任意两相短接;
将转子磁极固定在磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 0度或 90度的位置; 向定子未被短接的相与其余任意一相组成的串联电路两端施加电压脉冲信 号, 分别记录磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的相夹角为 0度或 90度时, 所述串联电路 两端的总电流 i、 电压 U、 以及釆样时间 t信息;
根据所述总电流、 电压、 以及釆样时间信息, 分别计算得到被测电机定子 绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感和交轴电感。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当磁极 d轴与定子未被短接的 相夹角为 0度时, 釆用下述公式计算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的直轴电感:
¥d (t) = ^d (t - l) + [| (t) - x i(t)]At
Li(t) =Ml=Ml
,d (t) i(t)
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当磁极 d轴与定子未被短接 的相夹角为 90度时, 釆用下述公式计算得到定子绕组在 t时刻的交轴电感:
¥q (t) = ^q (t - l) + [| (t) - R xi(t)]At
Figure imgf000017_0001
其中 R为未被短接相的绕组的电阻, ψά、 ^为定子绕组直轴和交轴磁通量, idq为定子绕组直轴和交轴电流, Ld、 Jq分别为定子绕组直轴和交轴电感。
10、 根据权利要求 7至 9任一项所述方法, 其特征在于, 所述釆样时间 t小于 或等于 0.1毫秒。
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