WO2009117556A1 - Explosive suspension - Google Patents
Explosive suspension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009117556A1 WO2009117556A1 PCT/US2009/037629 US2009037629W WO2009117556A1 WO 2009117556 A1 WO2009117556 A1 WO 2009117556A1 US 2009037629 W US2009037629 W US 2009037629W WO 2009117556 A1 WO2009117556 A1 WO 2009117556A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- component
- solid fuel
- fuel material
- suspension according
- suspension
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004079 vitrinite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- -1 inorganic oxidizers Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methanol Chemical compound C1CC2C(CO)C(CO)C1C2 YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of explosive compositions and methods of formulating same. More particularly, the present invention provides a multi-component explosive suspension which is useful in blasting operations such as, but not limited to, mining operations and the like. More especially, the present invention relates to the manufacture and use of suspensions of nitrate explosives, commonly referred to in the industry as “emulsions, " for example ammonium nitrate (AN) based explosives.
- emulsions for example ammonium nitrate (AN) based explosives.
- ANFO is a stoichiometric mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, which corresponds to approximately 94wt% AN and approximately 6wt% fuel oil. While ANFO remains a popular explosive in the industry, it has limitations, for example limited control over velocities of detonation (VOD) , generation of toxic NOx gases if under-fueled, poor storage stability arising from inadequate mechanical suability and instability to water exposure, lower density than water, thus not allowing for displacement of water in wet boreholes, limited packaging options, as well as unprecedented increases in the price of ammonium nitrate .
- VOD detonation
- the present invention provides a nitrate based explosive formulation, for example an AN- based explosive formulation, in the form of a suspension, which principally comprises AN, a liquid fuel component, a solid fuel material, and a suspending agent.
- the suspensions of the invention are capable of reducing VOD, and are mechanically stable, water resistant, and produce results which are as good as or better than those obtained using conventional explosives .
- the present invention provides an explosive suspension comprising a nitrate, for example, 30-95% ammonium nitrate, 0-10 wt%, more usually less than 8 wt%, for example 2-8 wt% by weight of liquid fuel, 5-80 wt% solid fuel material, and 0-10 wt% of at least one suspension agent.
- the formulation may optionally also contain materials including water, inorganic oxidizers, bulking agents, among other materials.
- Such liquids include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon- based liquid fuels, including petroleum-derived products (e.g., fuel oils, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, alkanes, alkenes, and blends thereof), oxygen-containing liquid fuels such as alcohols, glycols, ethers, ketones, etc. (e.g., methanol , ethanol, n-propanol, i ⁇ o-propanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2 -propylene glycol, 1 , 3-propylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycols, polyethers, and blends thereof)
- hydrocarbon- based liquid fuels including petroleum-derived products (e.g., fuel oils, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, alkanes, alkenes, and blends thereof), oxygen-containing liquid fuels such as alcohols, glycols, ethers, ketones, etc. (e.g., methanol , ethanol, n-propano
- the third component may be further characterized in that: the amount of liptinite macerals, particularly cutinite, is higher than normal, and almost no pseudovitrinite (structured coalified wood ⁇ is present in the third component.
- the vitrinite group generally includes two sub-groups namely matrix vitrinite, also known as desmovitrinite, and pseudovitrinite, also known as telovitrinite .
- the normal amount of vitrinite macerals in coal is similar to the amount of vitrinite macerals in the third component, approximately 75% by weight. However, of the total 75% by weight of vitrinite macerals found in coal, the normal amount of sub-group pseudovitrinite present is between 25-35%. In contrast, of the total 75% by weight of vitrinite macerals in the third component, there is little trace, near zero, amount of pseudovitrinite present.
- the particle size of the solid fuel material to be incorporated into the suspension may range from a fine powder to V- inch diameter chip, preferably below 3/8 inch. Blast characteristics can be altered by particle size within the suspension, in that smaller particles are more rapidly combusted than larger particles due to high surface area. Viscosity and other properties of the formulation can also be altered by selection of particle size. For example, when a very fine particle size is added to the formulation, it acts as a viscosity modifier, increasing uhe viscosity of the product dramatically .
- the fourth component is a suspending agent for facilitating uniform blending of the composition as a suspension.
- Suitable suspending agents include polymeric and nonpolymeric emulsifiers or mixtures thereof, and are present in concentrations up to 10%, typically less than 5%.
- the suspending agents may be selected and blended to achieve desirable properties, such as increasing the stability of the emulsion before and after homogenization.
- polymeric and nonpolymeric emulsifiers include, respectively, those based on various adducts of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) , and those such as sorbitan monooleate (SMO) .
- PIBSA polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride
- SMO sorbitan monooleate
- the above-discussed components of the present suspension may be packaged in separate containers conventionally employed for the desired purpose. Mixing of the components to form the suspensions can be accomplished using mixing means known in the art.
- the present suspensions comprise an admixture of a first component (the oxidizer), optionally a liquid second component, a third solid fuel material, and a fourth suspending agent.
- the liquid second component is generally present in an amount of about 0-10% by weight, for example 2-3% by weight.
- the concentration of the second component in the present formulation may represent a decrease in volume of the liquid component used when compared with conventional explosives.
- the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the second component chemically necessary for an optimum blast are replaced in the current formulation with the third component.
- Application of a lesser volume of the liquid second component as described reduces the cost of the present explosive suspension compared with presently available explosive compositions.
- inclusion of the third component as discussed depletes the required volume of the first component which further reduces the cost of the present explosive formulation compared with presently available explosive compositions .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/736,223 US20120018064A1 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2009-03-19 | Explosive suspension |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6471308P | 2008-03-21 | 2008-03-21 | |
US61/064,713 | 2008-03-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009117556A1 true WO2009117556A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
Family
ID=41091246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/037629 WO2009117556A1 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2009-03-19 | Explosive suspension |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120018064A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009117556A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4111727A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1978-09-05 | Clay Robert B | Water-in-oil blasting composition |
US4775431A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1988-10-04 | Atlas Powder Company | Macroemulsion for preparing high density explosive compositions |
US4830687A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-05-16 | Atlas Powder Company | Stable fluid systems for preparing high density explosive compositions |
US20070012387A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2007-01-18 | Wilzbacher Dennis R | Explosive formulation |
-
2009
- 2009-03-19 WO PCT/US2009/037629 patent/WO2009117556A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-19 US US12/736,223 patent/US20120018064A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4111727A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1978-09-05 | Clay Robert B | Water-in-oil blasting composition |
US4775431A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1988-10-04 | Atlas Powder Company | Macroemulsion for preparing high density explosive compositions |
US4830687A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-05-16 | Atlas Powder Company | Stable fluid systems for preparing high density explosive compositions |
US20070012387A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2007-01-18 | Wilzbacher Dennis R | Explosive formulation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120018064A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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