WO2009115360A1 - Verfahren zur prellunterdrückung eines durch einen piezoaktor geschalteten ventils - Google Patents
Verfahren zur prellunterdrückung eines durch einen piezoaktor geschalteten ventils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009115360A1 WO2009115360A1 PCT/EP2009/050849 EP2009050849W WO2009115360A1 WO 2009115360 A1 WO2009115360 A1 WO 2009115360A1 EP 2009050849 W EP2009050849 W EP 2009050849W WO 2009115360 A1 WO2009115360 A1 WO 2009115360A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- valve
- piezoelectric actuator
- time
- interruption
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000003028 Stuttering Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/24—Piezoelectric actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2151—Damping means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2024—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit the control switching a load after time-on and time-off pulses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2037—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit for preventing bouncing of the valve needle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for bounce suppression of a operated by a piezo actuator valve member during the closing phase in an internal combustion engine and a corresponding device for carrying out the method.
- valves control the supply and removal of the combustion gases, the valve opening and closing times having a considerable influence on the power, the fuel consumption, on the low-emission
- valves Combustion and on the running characteristics of the internal combustion engine at a given speed have.
- These valves are usually designed as poppet valves, wherein in the closed state of the valve, a valve member is received with its valve plate in a valve seat accurately and sealingly. To open the valve, the valve plate is lifted from the valve seat and thereby opens an annular gap through which the combustion gases can flow. The poppet valve is driven via the valve spindle, which is part of the valve member.
- modern motors use piezo actuators that open and close a valve at high speed. In particular, during the rapid closing of the poppet valve, the valve plate rebounds into the valve seat, wherein the sealing surfaces of the two elements abut each other. At higher
- the invention provides methods for bounce suppression of a valve member operated by a piezo actuator during the closing phase in an internal combustion engine and a corresponding apparatus for carrying out the method.
- the piezoelectric actuator is electronically controlled so that it initially absorbs the kinetic energy of the valve member shortly before the impact during the closing process, itself deformed, generates charge inside and thus increases its restoring force. Even before the piezoelectric actuator transitions into the elastic recoil phase, the charge built up inside the piezoactuator is dissipated, so that the valve member is ultimately damped by an inelastic impact upon impact and guided into the valve seat with less kinetic energy, where the valve disk is then undesirable Impingement remains.
- the inventive method during the closing phase of the valve comprises the steps: partial unloading of the piezoelectric actuator, whereby the valve member is braked before reaching the valve seat, interrupting the discharge of the piezoelectric actuator, whereby the piezoelectric actuator is compressed by the valve member and builds up electrical charge, re-discharging the Piezoactors, wherein remaining in the piezoelectric actuator residual charge after partial discharge and charge built up during the charge interruption charge is at least partially removed.
- the method according to the invention for bounce suppression of a valve member operated by a piezoactuator during the closing phase in an internal combustion engine thus includes an interruption of the discharging operation of the piezo actuator when closing the valve, the choice of the times of the start of the interruption and the end of the interruption being decisive for the optimum bounce suppression ,
- each discharge process is interrupted in a controlled manner.
- the valve member has a closing speed determined by the interruption period, and this speed and the mass of the valve member determine the kinetic energy of the valve member.
- the valve member which is connected directly or indirectly indirectly with the piezoelectric actuator, braked by the elastic action of the piezoelectric actuator.
- the piezoelectric actuator When braking the piezoelectric actuator is deformed by the pulse of the valve member and thereby the piezoelectric crystal in the piezoelectric actuator builds up a charging voltage, which increases the restoring force of the piezocrystal.
- the piezoactor acts as a plastic impact pad when interrupting the discharge, in which the kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy and dissipated.
- FIG. 1.1 a diagram of the charging voltage curve of an undamped piezoelectric actuator over a valve cycle
- FIG. 1.2 shows a diagram of the charging and discharging current of an undamped piezoelectric actuator over the same valve cycle
- FIG. 1.3 shows a diagram of the valve lift of the undamped piezoelectric actuator over the same valve cycle
- FIG. 2.1 shows a diagram of the charging voltage curve of a piezoactuator with the method according to the invention for impact suppression
- Figure 2.2 is a diagram of the charging and discharging of a piezoelectric actuator via the
- FIG. 2.3 shows a diagram of the valve stroke which is suppressed according to the invention
- FIG. 3.1 through FIG. 3.6 show a diagram for clarifying the automatic setting of the discharge interruption times
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of a simple device for loading and unloading a piezoelectric actuator according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a control device as a further embodiment of the device according to FIG. 4.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the time profile of the charging voltage U P of a piezoelectric actuator over a valve cycle Z along the time t.
- charging current I P begins to flow in accordance with the diagram in FIG.
- Charging current I P flows with a constant current from time a to time b.
- this time interval from the piezoelectric actuator builds the charging voltage U P at time b in the diagram in Figure 1.1.
- the valve member oscillates according to the diagram in Figure 1.3 still at the opening point at time b and shortly thereafter back and forth.
- This mechanical oscillation is reflected in the charging voltage U P in the charging voltage diagram in FIG. 1.1.
- the now open valve remains in the open position from time b to time c.
- neither the valve lift h v , nor the charging voltage U P nor the charging and discharging current I P apart from the above-mentioned minor mechanical vibrations of the valve lift h v and the corresponding charging voltage U P changes .
- the piezoelectric actuator by the negative current pulse I P which starts at time c ( Figure 1.2), discharged from time c to time d.
- this time interval cd follows the valve lift h v of the negative edge in Figure 1.3 between the times c and d.
- the valve member meets according to the diagram in Figure 1.3 to zero stroke height, equivalent to the impact of the valve disk in the valve seat, where it is then elastically pushed back against the restoring force of a valve spring or the piezoelectric actuator and repeatedly bounced and again thrown back elastically until this impact vibration is absorbed at time e in the diagram in FIG. 1.3.
- This occurring after closing impact vibration is reflected in the course of the charging voltage U P of the piezoelectric actuator in the diagram in Figure 1.1.
- To suppress this impact vibration between time d and e after the end of the discharge is the subject of the present invention.
- the discharge process of the piezoelectric actuator begins by a first negative discharge current pulse according to the diagram in Figure 2.2 from time h to time i.
- hi falls according to the diagram in Figure 2.1, the charging voltage Up of the piezoelectric actuator to about half to one third of the maximum charging voltage from.
- the valve lift h v in Figure 2.3 also decreases to about half to one third of the maximum stroke.
- the discharge current I P ( Figure 2.2) is interrupted.
- the piezoelectric actuator is not further discharged and is from now on further deformed by the kinetic energy of the valve member.
- the piezoelectric actuator Due to the deformation, ie the further compression by the braked valve member mass, the piezoelectric actuator builds charge and increases its charging voltage U P in the time interval ij ( Figure 2.1). This increase in the charging voltage U P increases the restoring force of the piezoelectric actuator, whereby the valve member is braked increasingly stronger.
- the piezoelectric actuator thus absorbs the kinetic energy of the valve member. The energy consumption is limited by the capacity of the piezoelectric actuator, so the maximum possible charge buildup within the piezoelectric actuator. If this is sufficient to stop the valve member completely at this point, then at this point the mechanical stress and the charge of the piezoactuator would cause the piezoactuator to perform a return oscillation while reducing the mechanical stress and reducing the internal charge.
- FIGS. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 show how a device for bounce suppression finds the right point in time of the interruption of the charging process and the correct time for the re-discharge of the piezoactuator.
- FIG. 3.1 shows a diagram of four curves of the charging voltage U P of the piezoactuator, wherein curve 1 in FIG. 3.1 belongs to the discharge diagram in FIG. 3.2, curve 2 to discharge diagram in FIG. 3.3, curve 3 to discharge diagram in FIG. 3.4 and curve 4 to discharge diagram in FIG 3.5.
- the valve lift corresponding to the curves is shown in the diagram in FIG. 3.6.
- the first, not yet optimized unloading process starts at time I and the discharge pulse lasts according to FIG. 3.2 until time o.
- the valve member builds up a high kinetic energy and upsets the largely discharged piezoelectric actuator up to the maximum compression and up to the maximum, from this level of mechanical stress of the piezoelectric actuator from possible charge build-up, corresponding to the structure of the charging voltage U P.
- the renewed energy-absorbing charge build-up is too low to buffer the kinetic energy of the valve member. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the first discharge pulse so that charge built up by the compression of the piezo actuator still possible at the end of the first discharge pulse is raised to a minimum level.
- the discharge process starts again at time I, but is interrupted earlier than at time o, namely at time n.
- the then occurring charge buildup in course 2 after time n is correspondingly greater than after time o in course 1, because the piezoelectric actuator still has sufficient capacity for charge buildup and mechanical compression.
- the same conditions occur under the action of a time plateau of the charging voltage U P , as in the course of the charging chip
- the discharge diagram is shown in FIG. 3.4
- the curve of the charging voltage U P is shown in curve 3 in FIG. 3.1
- the charging voltage U P increases starting at time m to the level at time o in FIG. 3.1. after at time o the discharge current has been interrupted.
- This charge build-up represented by the increase of the charging voltage U P in curve 3, is now high enough to absorb the kinetic energy bound in the valve member, the amount of sufficient kinetic energy being predetermined and not derivable from the charging voltage curve itself.
- the second discharge pulse is pushed so far forward at this point that immediately after the maximum build-up of the charging voltage at time o, course 4 in Figure 3.1 and discharge diagram 3.5, the re-discharge of the piezoelectric actuator begins and the charging voltage U P immediately lowers again to a minimum.
- the curves of the valve lifts h v do not differ greatly from each other. However, the load picked up by the piezoactuator differs. During optimized discharge, the piezoactuator is loaded and relieved in the elastic range.
- FIG. 4 shows a device 10 according to the invention for discharging a piezoelectric actuator P, which has a charge / discharge switch Si and a switch S 2 for interrupting the discharging process.
- a piezoelectric actuator P which has a charge / discharge switch Si and a switch S 2 for interrupting the discharging process.
- switch Si switch S 2 interrupts the discharge process to dampen the impact of the valve member.
- a control device 20 which monitors the charging voltage of the piezoelectric actuator P is used to automatically set the times of the discharge current pulses in an embodiment of the device 10.
- the control device 20 for controlling a piezoelectric actuator P for a valve member in an internal combustion engine has the following components: at least one variable timing element 21 for setting a time for interrupting the discharge of the piezoelectric actuator P, at least one variable timing element 22 for setting a time for renewed Discharge after interruption of the discharge of the piezoelectric actuator P, at least one device 25 for measuring the charge voltage of the piezoelectric actuator P, at least one device 24 for storing the measured data and at least one device 23 for automatic variation of the timing elements.
- the control device 20 detects an increase in the charging voltage of the piezoelectric actuator P after interruption of the first discharge current and measures the level of the charging voltage increase. Only when the level of the charging voltage increase reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the control electronics 20 regulates the time of the renewed discharge pulse, wherein the control device 20 detects a temporal plateau formation in this case and as long as the second discharge pulse in aufeina- consecutive valve cycles push forward in time until the temporal plateau formation of the charging voltage fails.
- the control device 20 controls the times according to the following strategy: First, the setting of the time of the first interruption after partial discharge by the control device 20 that the interruption takes place so late that occurring after interruption compression of the piezoelectric actuator P is so low that the associated charge build-up falls below a predetermined value. This ensures that the control device 20 does not close the valve member at an early closing time. Then, adjusting the timing of the re-discharge by the control device 20, the re-discharge takes place so late that the charge built up by compression of the piezoelectric actuator P does not change over a predetermined time interval. As a result, a temporal plateau is detected, which is minimized in the subsequent control cycle.
- the control device regulates the times again by subsequently adjusting the timing of the interruption after partial discharge until it is so far forward pushed so that the charge build-up reaches or exceeds a predetermined value. Only then is the adjustment of the time of re-discharge takes place until it has moved so far forward that the charge built up by compression of the piezoelectric actuator within a predetermined time interval changes by a predetermined amount, so that no temporal plateau formation is detected.
- the control device 20 used for control advantageously has a device which detects the impact of the valve member, preferably via the monitoring of the charging voltage after discharge of the piezoelectric actuator P. If a bounce is detected, the control device 20 is activated to set the discharge times and no bouncing is detected, then the control device 20 is deactivated.
- a microcontroller 23 may be used or also a control electronics, wherein the input of the control devices, the charging voltage and the output is a signal to trigger the discharge.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801095307A CN101978202B (zh) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-26 | 由压电致动器开关的阀门的跳动抑制方法 |
EP09723202.9A EP2255114B1 (de) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-26 | Verfahren zur prellunterdrückung eines durch einen piezoaktor geschalteten ventils |
JP2011500131A JP5204890B2 (ja) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-26 | ピエゾアクチュエータによってスイッチングされるバルブのバウンド衝突を抑制する方法 |
US12/735,902 US8578896B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-26 | Method for bounce suppression of a valve switched by a piezo actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008000731 | 2008-03-18 | ||
DE102008000731.5 | 2008-03-18 | ||
DE102008040412A DE102008040412A1 (de) | 2008-03-18 | 2008-07-15 | Verfahren zur Prellunterdrückung eines durch einen Piezoaktor geschalteten Ventils |
DE102008040412.8 | 2008-07-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009115360A1 true WO2009115360A1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
Family
ID=40984134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/050849 WO2009115360A1 (de) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-26 | Verfahren zur prellunterdrückung eines durch einen piezoaktor geschalteten ventils |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8578896B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2255114B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5204890B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101978202B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008040412A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009115360A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010040306B4 (de) * | 2010-09-07 | 2020-06-25 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Piezoinjektors eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems |
DE102013224385B3 (de) | 2013-11-28 | 2015-03-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Injektors eines Einspritzsystems einer Brennkraftmaschine |
CN103953415B (zh) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-07-06 | 天津大学 | 基于逆压电效应的压电式无级可变气门机构 |
DE102017216777A1 (de) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasturbolader mit einer Abgasregelvorrichtung, Abgasregelvorrichtung für einen Abgasturbolader und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgasturboladers |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4593658A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1986-06-10 | Moloney Paul J | Valve operating mechanism for internal combustion and like-valved engines |
EP0995899A2 (de) | 1998-07-01 | 2000-04-26 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Piezoelektrisches Stellglied und Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit dem Stellglied |
DE19921456A1 (de) | 1999-05-08 | 2000-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors |
WO2001053662A2 (de) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum steuern eines stellgeräts |
EP1199446A1 (de) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102004015002A1 (de) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben eines kapazitiven Stellgliedes |
WO2006069750A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kompensation von prelleffekten in einem piezogesteuerten einspritzsystem einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005351139A (ja) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | エンジンの可変動弁機構 |
-
2008
- 2008-07-15 DE DE102008040412A patent/DE102008040412A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-01-26 EP EP09723202.9A patent/EP2255114B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-01-26 JP JP2011500131A patent/JP5204890B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-26 WO PCT/EP2009/050849 patent/WO2009115360A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-01-26 CN CN2009801095307A patent/CN101978202B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-26 US US12/735,902 patent/US8578896B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4593658A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1986-06-10 | Moloney Paul J | Valve operating mechanism for internal combustion and like-valved engines |
EP0995899A2 (de) | 1998-07-01 | 2000-04-26 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Piezoelektrisches Stellglied und Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung mit dem Stellglied |
DE19921456A1 (de) | 1999-05-08 | 2000-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors |
WO2001053662A2 (de) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum steuern eines stellgeräts |
EP1199446A1 (de) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Ventilbetätigung in einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102004015002A1 (de) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben eines kapazitiven Stellgliedes |
WO2006069750A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kompensation von prelleffekten in einem piezogesteuerten einspritzsystem einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2255114B1 (de) | 2013-07-24 |
DE102008040412A1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2255114A1 (de) | 2010-12-01 |
US20110042594A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101978202A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
US8578896B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
JP5204890B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
CN101978202B (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
JP2011528762A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
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