WO2009114984A1 - 一种电气开关及共用控制线的电气开关控制系统 - Google Patents

一种电气开关及共用控制线的电气开关控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009114984A1
WO2009114984A1 PCT/CN2008/073846 CN2008073846W WO2009114984A1 WO 2009114984 A1 WO2009114984 A1 WO 2009114984A1 CN 2008073846 W CN2008073846 W CN 2008073846W WO 2009114984 A1 WO2009114984 A1 WO 2009114984A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
switch
circuit
line
controlled
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PCT/CN2008/073846
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
施宝新
Original Assignee
Shi Baoxin
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Publication of WO2009114984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009114984A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/18—Controlling the light source by remote control via data-bus transmission

Definitions

  • Electric switch control system for electric switch and common control line
  • the invention relates to an electrical switch and an electrical switch control system for a common control line.
  • the control switches are connected to the main controller, and then the main controller controls the AC power supply to be turned on and then directly connected to the powered device.
  • the advantage of this method is that the control ability is strong, and the control switch is isolated from the AC power line, which is safer.
  • the disadvantage is that each power device must lead a power line to the total controller. There are more AC power line wiring. Each control switch should also lead a control line to the total controller, and the control line wiring is also more.
  • each control switch shared bus and the overall controller is controlled by network communication.
  • This method has simple wiring and high reliability, and generally adopts computer terminal programming settings, which can flexibly change the control mode.
  • the disadvantage is high cost, controlled by the total controller
  • the number of lines is usually fixed at the factory, and the control mode must be set by a computer terminal or a dedicated programmer, which has high technical requirements for the construction personnel.
  • This method is mostly used in places with relatively fixed layout and high control requirements, such as hotel rooms and large venues.
  • the control switch generates the code and modulates it to the radio transmitter for transmission. After receiving the radio wave, the radio receiver demodulates the code, and the decoder analyzes the received code to control the on/off of the power line.
  • the advantage of this method is that there is no need to control the wiring of the line, and the control switch can be moved at any time.
  • the shortcoming is that there is a possibility of interference.
  • radio wave interference often exists, and it is not safe to use the remote control door lock.
  • Another disadvantage is that the control switch requires a battery and needs to be replaced at regular intervals.
  • the transmitting and receiving circuits of radio waves are more complicated and costly.
  • the control switch generates a code and modulates it to the infrared emitter for transmission.
  • the infrared receiver receives the infrared signal and demodulates the code, and then the decoder analyzes the received code to control the on/off of the power line.
  • the advantage of this method is that there is no need to control the wiring of the line, and the control switch can be moved at any time.
  • the disadvantage is that the transmission of infrared rays is directional. When the infrared rays are blocked, the reception will be seriously affected. The control of the wall cannot be controlled. The infrared receiver needs to be exposed, and the infrared emitter is difficult to fix at a certain position.
  • Another disadvantage is that the control switch requires a battery and needs to be replaced at regular intervals.
  • the control coded signal is transmitted by means of the power line, which has the advantage of simple wiring and is very suitable for remote control.
  • the disadvantage is that a relatively complicated carrier modulation and demodulation circuit needs to be added, and some of the electrical devices may have an absorption effect on the carrier or may have an interference effect, and the carrier circuit has higher requirements and a higher cost.
  • the addition of a carrier to the power line may also have an interference effect on other powered devices.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical switch control system that is inexpensive and has a simple wiring and a common control line.
  • An electrical switch includes a control switch and a controlled switch.
  • the control switch includes a codec circuit, a key switch and a status indication circuit, and has a coded data output terminal, a power positive terminal and a ground terminal on the codec circuit of the control switch;
  • the controlled switch comprises a codec circuit and a relay control circuit, and the relay control circuit has an output end for connecting the power device to the power line, and the coded data is provided on the codec circuit of the controlled switch device.
  • the input terminal, the power positive terminal and the ground terminal, the control switch sends serial coded data according to the set code, and is transmitted to each controlled switch through the control line for receiving and decoding, and the controlled switcher receives the received code and
  • the code set by itself is logically operated, and the operation of the relay control circuit is controlled according to the operation result.
  • there is an encoded data input terminal on the codec circuit of the control switch for receiving encoded data transmitted by other control switches via the data transmission line, and controlling the status indication according to the result.
  • An electrical switch control system for a shared control line includes an electrical switch and a control circuit, the electrical switch includes a control switch and a controlled switch, and the control switch includes a codec circuit, a key switch and a status indication circuit, and a codec of the control switch
  • the circuit has an encoded data output terminal, a power positive terminal and a ground terminal;
  • the controlled switch comprises a codec circuit and a relay control circuit, and the relay control circuit has an output for connecting the power device to the power line.
  • the coded data input terminal, the power positive terminal and the ground terminal are arranged on the codec circuit of the controlled switch;
  • the control circuit comprises a control data line, a DC power positive line, a DC power supply and a data ground line, and a total of three lines, the control switch
  • the coded data output terminal, the power positive terminal and the ground terminal of the upper codec circuit and the coded data input terminal of the codec circuit on the controlled switch, the power positive terminal and the ground terminal pass the above control data line, DC power supply
  • the positive line is connected to the DC power source and the data ground;
  • the control switch sends serial coded data according to the set code, and is transmitted to each controlled switch through the control line for receiving and decoding, and the controlled switch performs logical operation on the received code and the code set by itself.
  • the operation of the relay control circuit is controlled according to the operation result.
  • control system of the electric switch adopting the common control line has the following characteristics:
  • All the electrical equipment in the system passes through the output terminals of the controlled switch and are all connected in parallel on the power line. All the control switches in the system and the three control terminals of the controlled switch are also connected in parallel to the control line. Compared with the direct control method currently used mostly, it is only necessary to add three low-voltage control lines, which can save the AC power line to and from the switch, and the wiring is simple and easy to understand.
  • control switch is only connected to the low-voltage DC power supply, and is isolated from the AC power line.
  • the control switch contacts only control the level change, the current is small, and no spark is generated, so the manual operation is safe.
  • the material requirements for the control switch are also greatly reduced.
  • the control switch can be made smaller and more aesthetically pleasing, and the installation is more convenient.
  • control switches and controlled switches do not require complex transmission modulation and reception demodulation circuits, strong anti-interference ability, safe and reliable.
  • the wiring of any place shall not exceed six lines (including the ground line of the power line), and the control line shall not exceed three lines, which facilitates the planning and implementation of the wiring, and also facilitates the later control of the switch and the electrical equipment.
  • the internal circuits of the control switch and the controlled switch can be manually set, without special programming tools.
  • the control switch and the controlled switch have both transmit and receive decoding functions, and a variety of codecs are used to make the control switch more diversified and user-friendly. For example, individual control, multiple control, group control, mode control, overall control, and status indication can be implemented. Sixth, the control switch and the controlled switch are dispersed independently, and how much is used, which is economical.
  • the system uses a wired remote control to control the power on and off of remote electrical equipment, and can be applied to power on/off control of lighting and other electrical equipment in homes, schools, offices, factories, hotels, stages, and the like.
  • each control switch in the system can control one or more controlled switches, and each controlled switch can also be controlled by one or more control switches.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an electrical switch of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electrical switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of the program of the present invention.
  • the basic principle of an electrical switch and an electrical switch control system thereof according to the present invention is that the control switch sends serial coded data according to the set code, and is transmitted to each controlled switch through the control line for receiving and decoding, and is controlled.
  • the interrupter logically operates the received code with the code set by itself, and controls the on-off state of the circuit according to the operation result.
  • an electrical switch of the present invention includes a control switch and a controlled switch.
  • the control switch includes a codec circuit, a key switch and a state indicating circuit, and has encoded data on a codec circuit of the control switch.
  • There is an output end for connecting the electrical equipment to the power line, and a coded data input terminal, a power positive terminal and a ground terminal are arranged on the codec circuit of the controlled switch, and the control switch is coded according to the setting.
  • the serial coded data is sent and transmitted to each controlled switch through the control line for receiving and decoding.
  • the controlled switch performs logical operation on the received code and the code set by itself, and controls the relay control according to the operation result. The work of the circuit.
  • an encoded data input terminal on the codec circuit of the control switch for receiving the encoded data transmitted by other control switches via the data transmission line, and controlling according to the result. Status indication.
  • the code data input terminal may be the same component as the coded data output terminal of the codec circuit of the control switch.
  • the codec circuit of the control switch and the codec circuit of the controlled switch include a code setting input circuit composed of a plurality of toggle switches, which is convenient and simple to use.
  • the codec circuit of the control switch and the codec circuit of the controlled switch include a block code setting input circuit, an individual code setting input circuit and a mode code setting input circuit, respectively, and the functions are more complete.
  • an electric switch control system for sharing a control line includes an electric switch and a control circuit, the electric switch includes a control switch and a controlled switch, and the control switch includes a codec circuit.
  • the button switch and the state indicating circuit have a coded data output terminal, a power source positive terminal and a ground terminal on the codec circuit of the control switch;
  • the controlled switch comprises a codec circuit and a relay control circuit, and the relay control circuit
  • On the road there is an output end for connecting the electrical equipment to the power line, and a coded data input terminal, a power positive terminal and a ground terminal are arranged on the codec circuit of the controlled switch;
  • the control circuit includes a control data line.
  • the DC power supply positive line and the DC power supply and the data ground line have three lines, and the coded data output terminal of the codec circuit on the control switch, the power positive terminal and the ground terminal, and the coded data input of the codec circuit on the controlled switch.
  • the terminal, the positive terminal of the power supply and the grounding terminal are connected by the above control data line, the positive line of the direct current power source, the direct current power source and the data ground line, and the control switch and the controlled switch are connected in parallel to the three lines of the control line. .
  • the control switch sends serial coded data according to the set code, and is transmitted to each controlled switch through the control line for receiving and decoding, and the controlled switch performs logical operation on the received code and the code set by itself.
  • the operation of the relay control circuit is controlled according to the operation result.
  • the codec circuit of the control switch and the codec circuit of the controlled switch include a code setting input circuit composed of a plurality of toggle switches.
  • the codec circuit of the control switch and the codec circuit of the controlled switch include a block code setting input circuit, an individual code setting input circuit, and a mode code setting input circuit, respectively.
  • this electrical switch and system is its DC power source from the AC power line.
  • the 220V AC power is converted into 12V DC power, and the DC working voltage is supplied to the various control switches and controlled switches in the system through the control line.
  • the electrical schematic diagram of the control switch and the controlled switch of this system is shown in Figure 2. Both of them use a codec circuit.
  • This codec circuit has the function of sending code and receiving code. It can be realized by a single-chip EM78P221N plus peripheral circuit. Made, integrated circuit EM78P221N built-in clock oscillator, there are 22 I / O feet, the program flow chart shown in Figure 4.
  • G0-G4 Group code setting input.
  • P0-P5 Individual code setting input.
  • M1-M6 Mode code setting input. When one of M1-M6 is set to L, the mode control will work, and up to 6 modes can be programmed. M1-M6 is all ⁇ mode control does not work.
  • DIO Coded data serial input and output terminal, connected to the shared data line, built-in pull-up resistor, free time is ⁇ .
  • DT Coded data transmission control terminal.
  • the encoded data is sent by the DIO. If there is data on the data line, then the data is transmitted. No code is sent, the data is received first, and the code is sent after receiving. The rising edge, long-term H or long-term L are ignored.
  • CLO Lock control output. After decoding, the control signal in the form of a lock is output according to the corresponding condition.
  • CTO Pulse control output. After decoding, the control signal in the form of a pulse is output according to the corresponding condition, which is convenient for controlling the electric equipment (such as doorbell, electric lock, etc.) controlled by the pulse, and only works in the "individual control mode".
  • GND Power ground and signal ground.
  • VCC Positive input of the power supply.
  • the P50 to P53 and P64 to P67 ports of the EM78P221N can be internally pulled-up resistors, and the pull-up resistors of other input peripherals are R8 to R18.
  • the code setting input can be set to H by the method of opening or closing the positive pole of the power supply.
  • the input can be set to by the method of grounding short circuit of the switch.
  • +12V voltage is sent to Rl through D1, D1 plays a positive protection role, Rl, D2, CI constitute a current limiting voltage regulator circuit, providing U1 with a working voltage of about 5V, D1 and C1 also have a storage function, when the system is +12V When the power supply is de-energized, the operating voltage of U1 can be maintained for a short time to maintain the working state.
  • the codec circuit is connected to the switch and the status indication circuit to form a control switch.
  • the working principle is as follows:
  • SW1 is a push button switch.
  • press ⁇ to change DT from H to L ie, the falling edge comes
  • the serial coded data is output on the DIO pin.
  • the serial coded data content includes G0-G4, P0-P5, M1-M6 and other codes, start and end codes, comparison codes, etc.
  • control switch When the control switch does not send the coded signal, it will be in the receiving and sending code state. When other control switches send the coded signal, the control switch will also receive the coded data and restore the received G0-G4, P0-P5, M1. -M6 and other codes are compared with various codes set by themselves.
  • the codec circuit is connected to the circuit control circuit to form a controlled switch.
  • the working principle is as follows:
  • DT is long-term for H, and the codec circuit only accepts.
  • the DIO terminal When a control switch sends a coded signal, the DIO terminal will receive the coded data, and restore the received codes such as G0-G4, P0-P5, M1-M6, and then compare with the various codes set by itself. According to the program flow, when the "on" condition is met, the CLO pin outputs H, the high level is led to the base of the transistor Q3 through R6, and the transistor Q3 is turned on.
  • the magnetic coil of the relay RELAY1 has a current flowing, the magnetic switch is sucked, and two The output (OUT) will be turned on; when the "off" condition is met, the CLO pin outputs L, the transistor Q1 is turned off, the magnetic coil of the relay RELAY1 has no current flowing, the magnetic switch is turned off, and the two outputs are turned off.
  • R7 is a current limiting resistor.
  • the relay RELAY1 can be used with electromagnetic or other types of relays (such as solid state relays).
  • the control principle is the same. When the controlled electrical equipment is working in pulses (such as doorbells, electronically controlled locks, etc.), disconnect one end of the R6 connection to the CLO and switch to the CTO end.
  • the total number of system configurable control switches and controlled switches depends primarily on the load capacity of the DC power supply and the output drive capability of the control switch DIO pin.
  • the P65 pin of the integrated circuit EM78P221N is used as the output low-voltage output current is greater than 50mA, and its pull-down current as input is less than 0.1mA, then the system can be configured with only the output drive capability of the DIO pin.
  • the total number of control switches and controlled switches can be up to 500.
  • the output current of the DC power supply is greater than the sum of the maximum operating currents of all the control switches and the controlled switches in the system. For example, if there are 100 control switches and 100 controlled switches in a system, the maximum operating current of the control switch is 3 mA, and the maximum operating current of the controlled switch is 20 mA, then the DC power supply for the system is used. The output current must be greater than 2300 mA.
  • the system can realize the following four main control methods:
  • the full control mode Press a control switch to control all controlled switches in the system at the same time.
  • G0-G4 is not all based on L.
  • the group control mode Press a control switch to control the same group in the system (that is, the group code is all the same) of the controlled switch is simultaneously off or on.
  • the controlled switch will be turned on.
  • individual control methods Individually control one or several controlled switches. If the P0-P5 of the control switch is not set to full H or full L, it can become the "individual control" control switch.
  • the controlled switch When the controlled switch is set to P0-P5 and the received P0-P5 is exactly the same and P0-P5 is not all H or all L, the controlled switch will become the opposite state, so that The on-off conversion is realized, and a pulse signal of H (about 0.2 second) is outputted at the CTO end.
  • the mode control mode In the same group, some controlled switches can also accept the control of another mode control switch while receiving the individual control switch control. In this way, by simply pressing one of the mode control switches, some of the qualified controlled switches in the same group can be turned on, and the uncontrolled conditional switches can be disconnected. Make each power supply in the system The device can be turned on or off as needed for a certain mode.
  • the M1-M6 set by the controlled switch is the same as the received M1-M6. If one of the corresponding ones is L, the controlled switch will be turned on, and no one corresponding to L will be turned off.
  • control switch Since the control switch is the same as the codec circuit of the controlled switch, the reaction after the control switch receives the encoded data is similar to the response of the controlled switch, except that the controlled switch control circuit is turned on and off, and the control switch Then it is to control the status indication.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description

一种电气开关及共用控制线的电气开关控制系统
本发明所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种电气开关及共用控制线的电气开关控制系统。 本发明之前的现有技术
目前应用的电气开关控制方式主要有以下几种：
一、 直接控制
在交流电力线路上插入通断开关。此种方式线路简单易明， 缺点 是要将交流电力线路引到要人手操作的开关位置，对开关的安全要求 较高，也增加交流电力线的布线，一个用电设备最多受两个开关控制。 目前家居等大多采用此方式。
二、 集中控制
由各控制开关连线到总控制器， 再由总控制器控制交流电源的通 断， 然后直接连线至用电设备。
此种方式优点是操控能力强， 控制开关与交流电源线路隔离， 比 较安全。缺点是每个用电设备都要引一条电力线去总控制器， 交流电 力线布线较多， 每个控制开关也要引一条控制线去总控制器， 控制线 布线也较多。
三、 网络控制方式
如 C-Bus控制系统等，各控制开关共用总线与总控制器以网络方 式通讯控制。 此方式控制线路布线简单， 可靠性高， 一般采用电脑终 端编程设置， 可灵活改变控制模式。缺点是成本高， 总控制器的受控 线路数通常出厂时已固定，而且须用电脑终端或专用编程器来设置控 制模式， 对施工人员的技术要求较高。此方式大多应用于格局比较固 定和控制要求较高的场所， 如酒店客房、 大型场馆等。
四、 无线电遥控
由控制开关产生编码并调制到无线电发射器发射出去， 无线电接 收器接收到无线电波后解调出编码，再由解码器分析所接收的编码后 去控制电力线路的通断。
此种方式优点是无需控制线路的布线， 控制开关可随时移动。 缺 点是存在被干扰的可能， 尽管编码相同的机会很少， 但无线电波的干 扰经常存在， 用来遥控门锁的话也不太安全。另一个缺点是控制开关 需使用电池， 需定时更换。 再者无线电波的发收电路较复杂， 成本更 加较多。
五、 红外线遥控
由控制开关产生编码并调制到红外线发射器发射出去，红外线接 收器接收到红外线信号后解调出编码，再由解码器分析所接收的编码 后去控制电力线路的通断。
此种方式优点是无需控制线路的布线， 控制开关可随时移动。缺 点是红外线的传输具有方向性， 红外线被阻挡时会严重影响接收， 不 能隔墙控制， 红外线接收器需外露， 红外线发射器也难以固定在某个 位置。 另一个缺点是控制开关需使用电池， 需定时更换。
六、 载波遥控 借助电力线路传送控制编码信号， 优点是布线简单， 十分适用于 远距离控制。缺点是需要增加较为复杂的载波调制和解调电路， 部分 用电设备对载波会有吸收作用或会产生干扰影响，对载波的发收电路 要求更高， 成本也高。另外载波加在电力线路上也可能会对其它一些 用电设备产生干扰影响。
发明目的
本发明的目的在于提供一种使用简单、成本低廉、使用效果好的 电气开关。
本发明的另外一个目的在于提供一种成本低廉、布线简单的共用 控制线的电气开关控制系统。
本发明采用的技术方案
本发明解决其问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种电气开关， 包括控制开关和受控通断器， 控制开关包括编解 码电路、按键开关和状态指示电路， 在控制开关的编解码电路上有编 码数据输出端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 受控通断器包括编解码 电路和继电器控制电路，继电器控制电路上有用于通断用电设备与电 力线路之间连接的输出端，在受控通断器的编解码电路上设有编码数 据输入端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子， 控制开关根据设定的编码发 出串行编码数据， 经由控制线传送到各个受控通断器进行接收和解 码， 受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身所设定的编码进行逻辑运算， 根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的工作。 进一歩， 在控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子， 用于 接收其它控制开关经由数据传输线传输到的编码数据，根据结果来控 制状态指示。
一种共用控制线的电气开关控制系统， 包括电气开关和控制线 路，电气开关包括控制开关和受控通断器，控制开关包括编解码电路、 按键开关和状态指示电路，在控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输 出端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 受控通断器包括编解码电路和继 电器控制电路，继电器控制电路上有用于通断用电设备与电力线路之 间连接的输出端，在受控通断器的编解码电路上设有编码数据输入端 子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 控制线路包括有控制数据线、 直流电 源正极线和直流电源和数据地线共三条线，控制开关上的编解码电路 的编码数据输出端子、电源正极端子和接地端子与受控通断器上的编 解码电路的编码数据输入端子、电源正极端子和接地端子之间通过上 述控制数据线、 直流电源正极线和直流电源和数据地线连接；
控制开关根据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线传送到 各个受控通断器进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身 所设定的编码进行逻辑运算，根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的 工作。
进一歩， 在控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子， 用于 接收其它控制开关经由数据传输线传输到的编码数据，根据结果来控 制状态指示。 本发明的有益效果是：采用本共用控制线的电气开关的控制系统， 有以下特点：
一、 系统内所有用电设备经过受控通断器的输出端子后全部并联 在电力线路上，系统内所有控制开关和受控通断器的三个控制端也均 以并联形式连接到控制线路上， 与现时大多采用的直接控制方式相 比，只需增加三条低压控制线路，可省去来往于开关的交流电力线路， 布线简单易明。
二、 控制开关只连接低压直流电源， 与交流电力线路隔离， 控制 开关触点只控制电平变化， 电流很小， 不产生火花， 所以人手操作十 分安全。对控制开关的材质要求也大为降低。控制开关可以做得更加 小型和美观， 安装也更方便。
三、用有线方式控制， 控制开关和受控通断器不需要复杂的发射 调制和接收解调电路， 抗干扰能力强， 安全可靠。
四、 任何一处的布线都不超过六条线 （包括电力线路的地线）， 控制线路不超过三条线， 方便布线的计划和实施， 也方便以后增加控 制开关和用电设备。
五、控制开关和受控通断器的内部电路都可手动设置编码， 无需 专用编程工具。控制开关和受控通断器同时具备发送编码和接收解码 功能， 还采用多种编解码方式， 使控制开关对用电设备的控制更加多 元化、 人性化。 例如可实现个别控制、 多联控制、 分组控制、 模式控 制、 全部控制和状态指示等。 六、控制开关和受控通断器分散独立，用多少装多少，经济实惠。 本系统用有线遥控方式控制远处的用电设备的电源通断，可应用 于家居、 学校、 办公室、 工厂、 酒店、 舞台等场所照明及其它用电设 备的电源通断控制。根据应用需要， 系统内每个控制开关可控制一个 或多个受控通断器，每个受控通断器也可以受一个或多个控制开关控 制。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一歩说明。
附图说明
图 1是本发明电气开关的原理框图；
图 2是本发明电气开关的实施例电路图；
图 3是本发明的系统框图；
图 4是本发明的程序流程图。
实施例
本发明的一种电气开关及其电气开关控制系统的基本原理是由 控制开关根据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线路传送到各 个受控通断器进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身所 设定的编码进行逻辑运算， 根据运算结果来控制电路的通断状态。
参照图 1、 图 2， 本发明的一种电气开关， 包括控制开关和受控 通断器， 控制开关包括编解码电路、 按键开关和状态指示电路， 在控 制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输出端子、电源正极端子和接地端 子； 受控通断器包括编解码电路和继电器控制电路， 继电器控制电路 上有用于通断用电设备与电力线路之间连接的输出端，在受控通断器 的编解码电路上设有编码数据输入端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子， 控制开关根据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线传送到各个 受控通断器进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身所设 定的编码进行逻辑运算， 根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的工 作。
进一歩， 为了便于在其它控制开关上显示受控设备的状态， 在控 制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子，用于接收其它控制开关 经由数据传输线传输到的编码数据，根据结果来控制状态指示。其中， 该编码数据输入端子可以与该控制开关的编解码电路的编码数据输 出端子为同一部件。
所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电路包 括由多个拨动开关组成的编码设置输入电路， 使用方便、 简单。
所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电路分 别包括有分组编码设置输入电路、个别编码设置输入电路和模式编码 设置输入电路， 功能更为齐全。
进一歩， 参照图 1、 图 2， 结合图 3， 一种共用控制线的电气开 关控制系统， 包括电气开关和控制线路， 电气开关包括控制开关和受 控通断器， 控制开关包括编解码电路、 按键开关和状态指示电路， 在 控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输出端子、电源正极端子和接地 端子； 受控通断器包括编解码电路和继电器控制电路， 继电器控制电 路上有用于通断用电设备与电力线路之间连接的输出端，在受控通断 器的编解码电路上设有编码数据输入端子、 电源正极端子和接地端 子； 控制线路包括有控制数据线、直流电源正极线和直流电源和数据 地线共三条线， 控制开关上的编解码电路的编码数据输出端子、 电源 正极端子和接地端子与受控通断器上的编解码电路的编码数据输入 端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子之间通过上述控制数据线、直流电源 正极线和直流电源和数据地线连接，控制开关及受控通断器都以并联 的方式连接到控制线路的三条线上。
控制开关根据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线传送到 各个受控通断器进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身 所设定的编码进行逻辑运算，根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的 工作。
同样， 在控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子， 用于接 收其它控制开关经由数据传输线传输到的编码数据，根据结果来控制 状态指示。
所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电路包 括由多个拨动开关组成的编码设置输入电路。
所述的所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码 电路分别包括有分组编码设置输入电路、个别编码设置输入电路和模 式编码设置输入电路。
作进一歩说明，本电气开关及系统是其直流电源从交流电力线路 将 220V交流电转改成 12V直流电，通过控制线路向系统内各个控制 开关和受控通断器提供直流工作电压。
本系统的控制开关和受控通断器的电原理图如图 2， 里面都采用 了一个编解码电路， 这个编解码电路兼有发出编码和接收编码的功 能， 可由一块单片机 EM78P221N 加外围电路实现做成， 集成电路 EM78P221N内置时钟振荡器， 有 22个 I/O脚， 程序流程图如图 4。
编解码电路的引脚功能说明及工作原理如下： （为解释方便， 本 文中均以 "H"代表高电平， "L"代表低电平）
G0-G4:分组编码设置输入。 G0-G4以五位二进制方式进行编码， 其中全为 L时被应用于 "全控方式"， 所以一个系统里最多可分 2Λ5 -1=31个组。
P0-P5:个别编码设置输入。 P0-P5是以六位二进制方式进行编码， 其中全为 H或全为 L时应用于 "组控方式"， 所以一个组里最多可设 2Λ6 -2=62个个别编码。
M1-M6:模式编码设置输入。 M1-M6中有一位被设置为 L时模式 控制将起作用， 最多可编 6个模式， M1-M6全为 Η时模式控制不起 作用。
DIO: 编码数据串行输入输出端，接共用数据线， 内置上拉电阻， 闲时为 Η。
DT: 编码数据发送控制端。 输入由 Η变 L (即下降沿到来） 时 由 DIO端发出一次编码数据， 如果数据线上有数据正在传输， 则暂 不发出编码， 先接收数据， 待接收完后再发出编码。 上升沿到来、 长 期 H或长期 L均不理会。
CLO: 锁定控制输出端。解码后根据相应的条件输出锁定形式的 控制信号。
CTO: 脉冲控制输出端。解码后根据相应的条件输出脉冲形式的 控制信号，方便控制以脉冲形式控制的用电设备（如门铃、电控锁等）， 只在 "个别控制方式" 中起作用。
GND: 电源地及信号地。
VCC: 电源正极输入端。
EM78P221N的 P50至 P53和 P64至 P67端口可设置内部上拉电阻， 其它输入端外设上拉电阻为 R8至 R18。 G0-G4 、 P0-P5 、 M1-M6等 编码设置输入均可用开关开路或接电源正极的方法将输入端设置为 H ， 也可用开关接地短路的方法将输入端设置为 。
+12V电压经 D1送至 Rl， D1起正向保护作用， Rl、 D2、 CI构 成限流稳压电路， 向 U1提供 5V左右的工作电压， D1和 C1还有蓄 电作用， 当系统 +12V电源失电时可在短时间内维持 U1的工作电压， 以保持工作状态。
编解码电路连接至开关及状态指示电路就组成控制开关，工作原 理如下：
SW1为按键开关， 需控制时按一下可让 DT由 H变 L (即下降沿 到来）， 从而在 DIO 脚输出串行编码数据， 串行编码数据内容包括 G0-G4 、 P0-P5 、 M1-M6等编码、 起始及结束码、 较对码等。
本控制开关不发编码信号时会处于接收发编码状态， 当其它的控 制开关发出编码信号时， 本控制开关也会收到编码数据， 并还原出收 到的 G0-G4 、 P0-P5 、 M1-M6等编码， 再与本身设定的各种编码比 较。 根据程序流程， 符合 "开"条件时 CLO脚输出 H， 高电平通过 R2引至晶体管 Q1基极使晶体管 Q1导通， LED1红灯亮， 指示 "开" 状态； 符合 "关"条件时 CLO脚输出 L， 晶体管 Q1截止、 +12V电 压通过 R4和 R5引至晶体管 Q2基极使晶体管 Q2导通， LED2绿灯 亮， 指示 "关"状态。 R3为限流电阻。
编解码电路连接至继电路控制电路就组成受控通断器，工作原理 如下：
DT长期为 H， 编解码电路只收不发。
当有控制开关发出编码信号时， DIO端会收到编码数据， 并还原 出收到的 G0-G4 、 P0-P5 、 M1-M6等编码， 再与本身设定的各种编 码比较。 根据程序流程， 符合 "开"条件时 CLO脚输出 H， 高电平 通过 R6引至晶体管 Q3基极使晶体管 Q3导通， 继电器 RELAY1的 磁吸线圈有电流流过， 磁吸开关吸合， 两个输出端 （OUT) 将导通； 符合 "关"条件时 CLO脚输出 L, 晶体管 Q1截止， 继电器 RELAY1 的磁吸线圈没有电流流过， 磁吸开关断开， 两个输出端将关断。
R7为限流电阻， 继电器 RELAY1 可以用电磁式或其它类型的继 电器 （如固态继电器）， 控制原理相同。 当被控制的用电设备是脉冲形式工作的（如门铃、 电控锁等）， 要 将 R6连接 CLO的一端断开并改接至 CTO端。
一个系统可配置控制开关和受控通断器的总数主要视乎直流电源 的负载能力和控制开关 DIO脚的输出驱动能力。
图 2中电路， 集成电路 EM78P221N的 P65脚作为输出用时的低 电压输出电流大于 50mA，而它作为输入用时的下拉电流小于 0.1mA, 那么这个系统在只考虑 DIO脚的输出驱动能力情况下可配置控制开 关和受控通断器的总数可达 500个。
从直流电源的负载能力方面考虑，直流电源的输出电流大于系统 内所有控制开关和受控通断器的最大工作电流总和即可。例如一个系 统内有 100个控制开关和 100个受控通断器，控制开关的最大工作电 流为 3 mA， 受控通断器的最大工作电流为 20 mA， 那么该用于系统 的直流电源的输出电流必须大于 2300 mA。
根据上述原理及程序流程， 本系统可实现以下四种主要控制方 式：
一、全控方式： 按动一个控制开关就可以控制系统内所有受控通断 器同时为关状态。
将控制开关的 G0-G4全设为 L, 即可成为 "全部关"的控制开关。 系统内受控通断器接收到的 G0-G4全为 L后会关断。
除全控方式将 G0-G4 全设为 L 外， 以下其它控制方式均基于
G0-G4不全为 L的基础上。 二、 组控方式： 按动一个控制开关可以控制系统内同一组（即分 组编码全部相同） 的受控通断器同时为关状态或开状态。
将控制开关的 P0-P5、 M1-M6全设为 H， 即可成为 "同组全关" 的控制开关。
如果受控通断器设置的 G0-G4 与接收到的 G0-G4 完全相同、 P0-P5全为 H、 Ml-Mz全为 H， 受控通断器会关断。
将控制开关的 P0-P5全设为 L, 即可成为 "同组全开"的控制开 关。
如果受控通断器设置的 G0-G4 与接收到的 G0-G4 完全相同、 P0-P5全为 L, 受控通断器会导通。
三、 个别控制方式： 单独对某一个或几个受控通断器进行控制。 将控制开关的 P0-P5不设为全 H或全 L, 即可成为 "个别控制" 的控制开关。
受控通断器设置的 P0-P5与接收到的 P0-P5完全相同而且 P0-P5 不是全为 H或全为 L时， 受控通断器会变为与原来相反的状态， 这 样就可以实现通断转换， 同时在 CTO端输出一个 H的脉冲信号 （约 0.2秒）。
四、模式控制方式： 在同一组内让某些受控通断器在各自接受个 别控制开关控制的同时还可接受另外一个模式控制开关的控制。这样 只需按一下某一个模式控制开关，就可让同一组内某些符合条件的受 控通断器导通， 不符合条件的受控通断器断开。使系统内的各用电设 备可按某种模式的需要开启或关闭。
将控制开关的 P0-P5全设为 H、 M1-M6之中选 1位设为 L, 即可 成为能实现 "同模式开、 不同模式关、 无模式设置不变" 功能的模 式控制开关。
受控通断器设置的 M1-M6与接收到的 M1-M6只要有其中一位 对应同为 L, 受控通断器都会导通， 没有一位对应同为 L的会关断。
如果受控通断器设置的 Ml-Mz全为 H， 则不改变通断状态。 以上各种控制方式都可以设置多个相同的控制开关， 以达到 "多 联控制" 的目的。
由于控制开关与受控通断器的编解码电路相同， 所以控制开关接 收到编码数据后的反应与受控通断器的反应类同，只是受控通断器控 制电路通断， 而控制开关则是去控制状态指示。
当然， 本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式， 只要其以基本相同 的手段达到本发明的技术效果， 都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种电气开关， 其特征在于： 包括控制开关和受控通断器， 控 制开关包括编解码电路、按键开关和状态指示电路， 在控制开关的编 解码电路上有编码数据输出端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 受控通 断器包括编解码电路和继电器控制电路，继电器控制电路上有用于通 断用电设备与电力线路之间连接的输出端，在受控通断器的编解码电 路上设有编码数据输入端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子， 控制开关根 据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线传送到各个受控通断器 进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身所设定的编码进 行逻辑运算， 根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的工作。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种电气开关， 其特征在于： 在控制开 关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子，用于接收其它控制开关经由 数据传输线传输到的编码数据， 根据结果来控制状态指示。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种电气开关， 其特征在于： 所述控制 开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电路包括由多个拨动 开关组成的编码设置输入电路。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种电气开关， 其特征在于： 所述控制 开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电路分别包括有分组 编码设置输入电路、 个别编码设置输入电路和模式编码设置输入电 路。
5、 一种共用控制线的电气开关控制系统， 其特征在于： 包括电气 开关和控制线路， 电气开关包括控制开关和受控通断器， 控制开关包 括编解码电路、按键开关和状态指示电路， 在控制开关的编解码电路 上有编码数据输出端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 受控通断器包括 编解码电路和继电器控制电路，继电器控制电路上有用于通断用电设 备与电力线路之间连接的输出端，在受控通断器的编解码电路上设有 编码数据输入端子、 电源正极端子和接地端子； 控制线路包括有控制 数据线、直流电源正极线和直流电源和数据地线共三条线， 控制开关 上的编解码电路的编码数据输出端子、电源正极端子和接地端子与受 控通断器上的编解码电路的编码数据输入端子、电源正极端子和接地 端子之间通过上述控制数据线、直流电源正极线和直流电源和数据地 线连接；
控制开关根据设定的编码发出串行编码数据，经由控制线传送到 各个受控通断器进行接收和解码，受控通断器将所接收的编码与本身 所设定的编码进行逻辑运算，根据运算结果来控制继电器控制电路的 工作。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的一种共用控制线的电气开关控制系统， 其 特征在于： 在控制开关的编解码电路上有编码数据输入端子， 用于接 收其它控制开关经由数据传输线传输到的编码数据，根据结果来控制 状态指示。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的一种共用控制线的电气开关控制系统， 其 特征在于：所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编解码电 路包括由多个拨动开关组成的编码设置输入电路。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的一种共用控制线的电气开关控制系统， 其 特征在于：所述的所述控制开关的编解码电路和所述受控通断器的编 解码电路分别包括有分组编码设置输入电路、个别编码设置输入电路 和模式编码设置输入电路。
PCT/CN2008/073846 2008-03-21 2008-12-30 一种电气开关及共用控制线的电气开关控制系统 WO2009114984A1 (zh)

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