WO2009111900A2 - Method for producing rice - Google Patents

Method for producing rice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009111900A2
WO2009111900A2 PCT/CH2009/000090 CH2009000090W WO2009111900A2 WO 2009111900 A2 WO2009111900 A2 WO 2009111900A2 CH 2009000090 W CH2009000090 W CH 2009000090W WO 2009111900 A2 WO2009111900 A2 WO 2009111900A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grains
drying process
drying
during
glass transition
Prior art date
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PCT/CH2009/000090
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009111900A3 (en
Inventor
Eliana Zamprogna
Original Assignee
Bühler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2009111900A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009111900A2/en
Publication of WO2009111900A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009111900A3/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/197—Treatment of whole grains not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing rice, in particular paddy, which is produced by drying the rice grains.
  • the invention is based on the object dried rice better quality, especially without cracks and discoloration, in the shortest possible time, especially with significantly shortened drying process to produce.
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of rice of the type mentioned above, wherein at least part of the surface of the rice grains in a visco-elastic or at least during a part-time period of the entire duration of the drying process when drying the rice grains. rubbery state is located beyond the glass transition of the rice grains. This not only allows the extent of shrinkage stresses and Maillard reactions during the drying process, so that the rice thus produced has less cracks, but also achieves a significant reduction in the duration of the drying process.
  • the relative humidity of the drying environment of the rice grains is controlled such that at least in partial areas of the surface of the rice grains a glass transition from the molten or rubbery state is prevented in the glassy state.
  • a glass transition from the molten or rubbery state is prevented in the glassy state.
  • water molecules can diffuse faster (about 5 to 10 times faster), so that the removal of water and thus the drying of the grains is faster overall.
  • glass conversion is prevented by controlling the relative humidity at each temperature during the drying process.
  • the grains are prevented from glass transformation by controlling the relative humidity and / or the temperature during the entire drying process. Preferably, this is prevented for at least 90% and more preferably for at least 95% of the total duration of the drying process. This should be the case for at least 50% of the total surface area of the grains. It is particularly advantageous if the partial surface not present in the glassy state is at least 80% and more preferably at least 90% of the total surface area of the grains.
  • the entire surface ideally the entire volume of the grains, is in a visco-elastic or rubbery state beyond the glass transition. It is particularly preferred if, during the entire period of the drying process, the grains have a visco-elastic or rubber-like state beyond the glass transition.
  • the drying rate can be significantly increased over the drying in the glassy state, z. At least 20-25%. In addition, any cracking and discoloration of the grains is prevented.
  • the grains may be moved relative to each other during the drying process and / or kept relatively spaced apart. As a result, caking of the grains are prevented from each other.
  • both the surface and the interior of the grains remain in the rubbery, i.e., center, throughout the drying process, that is, during the so-called predrying, main drying, and stabilization. not glassy state.
  • the transport of moisture from the interior or from the center of the grains to their surface and from their surface into the surrounding drying air takes place rapidly.
  • the surface and interior or center of the grains when dried, reach the moisture content in equilibrium with the surrounding air. Thus, a humidification is unnecessary in the stabilization step.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing rice, which is produced by drying the rice grains. As the grains are dried, at least a partial surface of the entire surface of the grains is in a viscoelastic or rubber-like state, beyond the glass transition of the grains, at least during a partial period of the entire period of the drying process.

Description

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Reis Process for making rice
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Reis, insbesondere von Paddy, der durch Trocknen der Reiskörner hergestellt wird.The invention relates to a process for producing rice, in particular paddy, which is produced by drying the rice grains.
Beim Trocknen von Reis ist darauf zu achten, dass die Reiskörner während des Trocknungsvorgangs möglichst wenige Beeinträchtigungen wie z. B. Rissbildung erfahren.When drying rice, it must be ensured that the grains of rice during the drying process have as few adverse effects as possible. B. experience cracking.
Ein zu starkes Trocknen bei hoher Temperatur, niedriger relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und starker Luftumwälzung verursacht Schwindungsspannungen, die in der Regel zu Verformungen, Rissen oder Sprüngen in den getrockneten Reiskörnern führen. Auf diese Weise getrocknete Reiskörner zerfallen dann leicht beim Kochen. Darüber hinaus finden bei einer derartig "aggressiven" Trocknung Maillard-Reaktionen an den Körnern während ihres Trocknens statt, wodurch Verfärbungen entstehen können.Too much drying at high temperature, low relative humidity and high air circulation causes shrinkage stresses, which usually lead to deformations, cracks or cracks in the dried rice grains. Dried rice grains then disintegrate easily during cooking. Moreover, in such "aggressive" drying Maillard reactions take place on the grains during their drying, which can cause discoloration.
Ausserdem sind die bisher erzielten Trocknungszeiten bei der Reistrocknung immer noch unbefriedigend lang. Es ist bekannt, dass die amorphe Struktur der Reisstärke zwei Zustände annehmen kann. Unterhalb einer Glasttemperatur Tg einen glasigen und oberhalb der Glasttemperatur einen gummigen Zustand.In addition, the previously achieved drying times in the rice drying are still unsatisfactory long. It is known that the amorphous structure of rice starch can assume two states. Below a glass transition temperature Tg a glassy and above the glass transition temperature a gummigen state.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, getrockneten Reis besserer Qualität, insbesondere ohne Risse und Verfärbungen, in möglichst kurzer Zeit, insbesondere mit markant verkürztem Trocknungsvorgang, herzustellen.The invention is based on the object dried rice better quality, especially without cracks and discoloration, in the shortest possible time, especially with significantly shortened drying process to produce.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe stellt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reis der eingangs genannten Art bereit, bei welchem sich beim Trocknen der Reiskörner zumindest während einer Teilzeitdauer der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs zumindest eine Teiloberfläche der gesamten Oberfläche der Reiskörner in einem visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs der Reiskörner befindet. Dadurch lässt sich nicht nur das Ausmass von Schwindungsspannungen und Maillard-Reaktionen während des Trocknungsvorgangs verringern, so dass der derart hergestellte Reis weniger Risse aufweist, sondern man erreicht auch eine deutliche Verkürzung der Dauer des Trocknungsvorgangs.To achieve this object, the invention provides a process for the preparation of rice of the type mentioned above, wherein at least part of the surface of the rice grains in a visco-elastic or at least during a part-time period of the entire duration of the drying process when drying the rice grains. rubbery state is located beyond the glass transition of the rice grains. This not only allows the extent of shrinkage stresses and Maillard reactions during the drying process, so that the rice thus produced has less cracks, but also achieves a significant reduction in the duration of the drying process.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen offenbart.Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.
Vorzugsweise wird während des Trocknungsvorgangs die relative Feuchtigkeit der Trocknungsumgebung der Reiskörner derart gesteuert wird, dass zumindest in Teilbereichen der Oberfläche der Reiskörner eine Glasumwandlung vom schmelzeartigen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand in den glasartigen Zustand verhindert wird. In den Bereichen, in denen die zu trocknenden Körner nicht im glasartigen Zustand vorliegen, können Wassermoleküle schneller (ca. 5 bis 10 mal schneller) diffundieren, so dass das Abführen von Wasser und somit das Trocknen der Körner insgesamt schneller erfolgt. Idealerweise wird dabei eine Glasumwandlung durch Steuerung der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit bei jeder Temperatur während des Trocknungsvorgangs verhindert.Preferably, during the drying process, the relative humidity of the drying environment of the rice grains is controlled such that at least in partial areas of the surface of the rice grains a glass transition from the molten or rubbery state is prevented in the glassy state. In the areas where the grains to be dried are not in the glassy state, water molecules can diffuse faster (about 5 to 10 times faster), so that the removal of water and thus the drying of the grains is faster overall. Ideally, glass conversion is prevented by controlling the relative humidity at each temperature during the drying process.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn bei den Körnern eine Glasumwandlung durch Steuerung der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit und/oder der Temperatur während des gesamten Trocknungsvorgangs verhindert wird. Vorzugsweise wird dies während mindestens 90% und noch bevorzugter während mindestens 95% der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs verhindert. Dies sollte bei mindestens 50% der Gesamtoberfläche der Körner der Fall sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die nicht im glasartigen Zustand vorliegende Teiloberfläche mindestens 80% und noch bevorzugter mindestens 90% der Gesamtoberfläche der Körner beträgt.It is particularly advantageous if the grains are prevented from glass transformation by controlling the relative humidity and / or the temperature during the entire drying process. Preferably, this is prevented for at least 90% and more preferably for at least 95% of the total duration of the drying process. This should be the case for at least 50% of the total surface area of the grains. It is particularly advantageous if the partial surface not present in the glassy state is at least 80% and more preferably at least 90% of the total surface area of the grains.
Vorzugsweise befindet sich beim Trocknen die gesamte Oberfläche, idealerweise das gesamte Volumen der Körner in einem visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs. Besonders bevorzugt ist es dabei, wenn während der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs die Körner einen visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs aufweisen.Preferably, when drying, the entire surface, ideally the entire volume of the grains, is in a visco-elastic or rubbery state beyond the glass transition. It is particularly preferred if, during the entire period of the drying process, the grains have a visco-elastic or rubber-like state beyond the glass transition.
Wenn sowohl die Oberfläche als auch das Innere der Körner während der gesamten Trocknung in einem gummiartigen, also nicht-glasartigen Zustand gehalten werden, kann die Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit deutlich gegenüber der Trocknung im glasartigen Zustand erhöht werden, z. B. mindestens um 20-25%. Ausserdem wird jegliche Rissbildung und Verfärbung der Körner verhindert.When both the surface and the inside of the grains are kept in a rubbery, ie non-glassy state during the entire drying, the drying rate can be significantly increased over the drying in the glassy state, z. At least 20-25%. In addition, any cracking and discoloration of the grains is prevented.
Die Körner können während des Trocknungsvorgangs relativ zueinander bewegt werden und/oder relativ zueinander beabstandet gehalten werden. Dadurch werden Anbackungen der Körner untereinander verhindert.The grains may be moved relative to each other during the drying process and / or kept relatively spaced apart. As a result, caking of the grains are prevented from each other.
Idealerweise bleiben bei der Erfindung sowohl die Oberfläche als auch das Innere der Körner bis zum Mittelpunkt während des gesamten Trocknungsvorgangs, also während der sog. Vortrocknung, Haupttrocknung und Stabilisierung, im gummiartigen, d.h. nicht glasartigen Zustand. Dies führt dazu, dass der Feuchtigkeitstransport vom Innern bzw. vom Mittelpunkt der Körner zu deren Oberfläche sowie von deren Oberfläche in die umgebende Trocknungsluft rasch erfolgt. Man erreicht somit eine schnellere Trockungs- Sättigung. Da kein Glasübergang stattfindet, besteht keine Gefahr der Rissbildung in den Schalen der Reiskörner.Ideally, in the invention, both the surface and the interior of the grains remain in the rubbery, i.e., center, throughout the drying process, that is, during the so-called predrying, main drying, and stabilization. not glassy state. As a result, the transport of moisture from the interior or from the center of the grains to their surface and from their surface into the surrounding drying air takes place rapidly. Thus one achieves a faster drying saturation. Since there is no glass transition, there is no risk of cracking in the shells of the rice grains.
Die Oberfläche und das Innere bzw. der Mittelpunkt der Körner erreichen beim Trocknen den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt im Gleichgewicht mit der umgebenden Luft. Somit erübrigt sich auch eine Befeuchtung im Stabilisierungsschritt. The surface and interior or center of the grains, when dried, reach the moisture content in equilibrium with the surrounding air. Thus, a humidification is unnecessary in the stabilization step.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Reis, der durch Trocknen der Reiskörner hergestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich beim Trocknen der Körner zumindest während einer Teilzeitdauer der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs zumindest eine Teiloberfläche der gesamten Oberfläche der Körner in einem visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs der Körner befindet.A process for producing rice produced by drying the rice grains, characterized in that at least a part surface of the whole surface of the grains in a visco-elastic or rubber-like at least during a part-time period of the entire period of the drying process Condition is located beyond the glass transition of the grains.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Trocknungsvorgangs die relative Feuchtigkeit der Trocknungsumgebung der Körner derart gesteuert wird, dass zumindest in Teilbereichen der Oberfläche der Körner eine Glasumwandlung vom schmelzeartigen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand in den glasartigen Zustand verhindert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the drying process, the relative humidity of the drying environment of the grains is controlled so that at least in partial areas of the surface of the grains, a glass transition from the molten or rubbery state is prevented in the glassy state.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Glasumwandlung durch Steuerung der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit bei jeder Temperatur während des Trocknungsvorgangs verhindert wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a glass transition is prevented by controlling the relative humidity at each temperature during the drying process.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Glasuπv Wandlung durch Steuerung der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit während des gesamten Trocknungsvorgangs verhindert wird.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a Glasuπv conversion is prevented by controlling the relative humidity during the entire drying process.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilzeitdauer mindestens 5% der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs beträgt.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the part-time period is at least 5% of the total time duration of the drying process.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilzeitdauer mindestens 10% der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs beträgt. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the part-time period is at least 10% of the total duration of the drying process.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilzeitdauer mindestens 90% der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs beträgt.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the part-time period is at least 90% of the total time duration of the drying process.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilzeitdauer mindestens 95% der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs beträgt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the part-time period is at least 95% of the total time duration of the drying process.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teiloberfläche mindestens 50% der Gesamtoberfläche der Körner beträgt.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the partial surface is at least 50% of the total surface of the grains.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teiloberfläche mindestens 80% der Gesamtoberfläche der Körner beträgt.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the partial surface is at least 80% of the total surface area of the grains.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teiloberfläche mindestens 90% der Gesamtoberfläche der Körner beträgt.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the partial surface is at least 90% of the total surface area of the grains.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich beim Trocknen die gesamte Oberfläche der Körner in einem visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs befindet.12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that during drying, the entire surface of the grains is in a visco-elastic or rubber-like state beyond the glass transition.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich beim Trocknen das gesamte Volumen der Körner in einem visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs befindet.13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that when drying the entire volume of the grains is in a visco-elastic or rubber-like state beyond the glass transition.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der gesamten Zeitdauer des Trocknungsvorgangs die Körner einen visko-elastischen bzw. gummiartigen Zustand jenseits des Glasübergangs aufweisen.14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that during the entire period of the drying process, the grains have a visco-elastic or rubber-like state beyond the glass transition.
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körner während des Trocknungsvorgangs relativ zueinander bewegt werden und/oder relativ zueinander beabstandet gehalten werden. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the grains are moved during the drying process relative to each other and / or kept relatively spaced.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körner während des Trocknungsvorgangs mittels eines vibrierenden Bodens bewegt werden.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the grains are moved during the drying process by means of a vibrating bottom.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Körner während des Trocknungsvorgangs mittels einer Gasströmung fluidisiert werden. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the grains are fluidized during the drying process by means of a gas flow.
PCT/CH2009/000090 2008-03-12 2009-03-11 Method for producing rice WO2009111900A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008000623.8 2008-03-12
DE102008000623A DE102008000623A1 (en) 2008-03-12 2008-03-12 Process for making rice

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WO2009111900A2 true WO2009111900A2 (en) 2009-09-17
WO2009111900A3 WO2009111900A3 (en) 2010-09-23

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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DE102008000623A1 (en) 2009-09-17

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