WO2009110106A1 - 蒸気システム - Google Patents
蒸気システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009110106A1 WO2009110106A1 PCT/JP2008/057276 JP2008057276W WO2009110106A1 WO 2009110106 A1 WO2009110106 A1 WO 2009110106A1 JP 2008057276 W JP2008057276 W JP 2008057276W WO 2009110106 A1 WO2009110106 A1 WO 2009110106A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- pressure
- prime mover
- load
- driven machine
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/006—Open cycle gas-turbine in which the working fluid is expanded to a pressure below the atmospheric pressure and then compressed to atmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steam system that uses a steam to drive a compressor or the like to reduce power consumption.
- an air compressor (2) is driven by a screw expander (1), and when the load of the air compressor (2) varies, the steam flowing into the screw expander (1) is controlled. (10) is controlled and responded, and by controlling the bypass valve (9) provided between the steam inflow side and the steam outflow side of the screw expander (1), the steam is controlled regardless of the load fluctuation.
- a method of keeping the back pressure of steam on the outflow side constant is disclosed.
- the bypass valve (9) is controlled by detecting the back pressure of the steam outlet pipe (5) from the screw expander (1) by the detector (20).
- the control of the adjusting valve (10) is performed by detecting the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the screw expander (1) with the detector (23).
- Patent Document 2 listed below includes a gas turbine (1), a generator (8) driven by the gas turbine, an exhaust heat boiler (13) using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine (1) as a heat source, and the exhaust heat.
- a gas turbine facility comprising a fuel compressor (11) for supplying to the vehicle is disclosed. In this gas turbine facility, the amount of fuel supplied from the fuel compressor (11) to the gas turbine (1) is adjusted by a bypass control valve (37) provided between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel compressor (11).
- the amount of steam supplied to the steam engine (30) is adjusted by the control valve (32). Further, when the exhaust heat boiler (13) is started or when the steam engine (30) fails, the fuel compressor (11) is driven by the motor (10).
- a steam turbine (9) is connected to the input side of the screw rotor of the compressor (1) via an electric motor (7) and a clutch (8). ), The power of the steam turbine (9) is added to the power of the motor (7) to drive the screw rotor.
- the steam turbine (9) is switched between driving and stopping by opening and closing the steam valve (10). Then, paying attention to the fact that the shaft power of the compressor (1) is dominated by the suction side pressure and the discharge side pressure, the low pressure detector (18) for detecting the suction side pressure of the compressor (1), the discharge Based on the high pressure detector (19) for detecting the side pressure, when the shaft power of the compressor (1) is within the allowable power range, the steam valve (10) is opened to operate the steam turbine (9).
- JP-A-63-45403 (Claims, FIG. 1, page 2, lower left column, lines 1-5)
- JP-A-9-68006 (Claim 1, Claim 6, Claim 8, paragraph numbers [0019], [0021], [0024], FIG. 1)
- JP-A-4-353201 (paragraph numbers [0022]-[0028], FIG. 1)
- the compressor cannot be driven in the absence of steam, such as when the boiler is started.
- a motor is provided in the case of the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2. This motor is driven only when the exhaust heat boiler is started or when the steam engine fails.
- the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3 also includes a motor, but is a control in which driving by the motor has priority over the steam engine. Moreover, with the use of the steam turbine as the steam engine, the steam valve (10) can only be opened and closed, and the output of the steam engine cannot be adjusted.
- the invention disclosed in any patent document does not control the steam supply to the steam engine in consideration of the steam utilization load. That is, the invention disclosed in any patent document does not control the steam engine or the motor based on both the steam utilization load and the fluid utilization load discharged from the compressor.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric motor and the like in addition to the steam engine, and to control the steam engine and the like based on both the steam load and the fluid load to operate efficiently and stably. It is in. And preferably, it makes it a subject to aim at energy saving by giving priority to the drive by a steam engine.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a first prime mover that generates power using steam, and is driven by the first prime mover to discharge or suck fluid.
- the first driven machine that generates power by using something other than steam
- the second driven machine that is driven by the second prime mover and discharges or sucks fluid into the space from which the fluid is discharged or sucked by the first driven machine.
- the second driven machine the steam load at the location where the used steam is supplied by the first prime mover, and the fluid load in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine,
- a steam system comprising: a first prime mover and / or a controller that controls the second prime mover.
- the second prime mover configured by an electric motor or the like is provided, so that it is stable regardless of the presence or absence of steam and the steam load. Fluid can be discharged or inhaled. Further, by controlling each prime mover in consideration of not only the fluid load but also the steam load, the operation efficiency can be improved.
- the invention according to claim 2 is based on the vapor pressure at the location where the used steam is supplied by the first prime mover and the pressure in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine,
- the driving ratio of each prime mover is controlled based on the pressure. Therefore, with a simple configuration and control, it is possible to control each prime mover in consideration of not only the fluid load but also the steam load, thereby increasing the operation efficiency.
- the invention according to claim 3 is based on the vapor pressure at the location where the used steam is supplied by the first prime mover and the pressure in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine.
- the said 1st prime mover is controlled and said 2nd prime mover is controlled based on the pressure in the said space by which the fluid is discharged or suck
- the Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the driving ratio of each prime mover is controlled based on the pressure.
- the first prime mover is controlled based on the vapor pressure and the fluid pressure
- the second prime mover is controlled based on the fluid pressure. Therefore, with a simple configuration and control, it is possible to control each prime mover in consideration of not only the fluid load but also the steam load, thereby increasing the operation efficiency.
- the steam supply to the first prime mover is based on the pressure in the space from which the fluid is discharged by each driven machine so as to maintain the space in the first set pressure range.
- the second prime mover is controlled to maintain the interior of the space in the second set pressure range based on the pressure in the space from which the fluid is discharged by each driven machine, and the first set pressure
- the lower limit pressure of the region is set higher than the lower limit pressure of the second set pressure region
- the upper limit pressure of the second set pressure region is set lower than the upper limit pressure of the first set pressure region.
- the first set pressure range for controlling the first prime mover and the second set pressure range for controlling the second prime mover have an upper limit and a lower limit, respectively. It is shifted so that driving of one prime mover is given priority. Accordingly, priority is given to the use of steam, and energy saving can be achieved.
- the invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that steam is supplied to the first prime mover only when the steam pressure at the location where the steam after use is supplied by the first prime mover is less than a predetermined value.
- the first prime mover is a screw type steam engine
- the first driven machine is an air compressor
- the second prime mover is an electric motor
- the second driven machine is The steam system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the steam system is an air compressor.
- the use of a screw type steam engine is more efficient than the turbine type. Further, in the case of a screw-type steam engine, the output can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amount of steam supply. Furthermore, it is excellent in versatility because it drives an air compressor widely used in various fields such as operating air blowers in various factories and offices, for manufacturing processes such as blowing and drying.
- the compressed air from each of the driven machines can be supplied to the compressed air using device via a common pipe and / or tank, and the steam from the steam supply source is
- the steam header can be supplied via the first prime mover, and can be supplied to the steam header via the pressure reducing valve, and the steam of the steam header can be supplied to the steam using device, and the pipe or It is determined that there is an air load when the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the tank is less than a set value, and there is a steam load when the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the steam header is less than a predetermined value.
- the steam supply to the first prime mover is continued and the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the pipe line or the tank is equal to or higher than a set value. Or when it is determined that there is no steam load because the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the steam header is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the steam supply to the first prime mover is stopped, and the pipe line or the If the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the tank is less than the set value, it is determined that there is an air load, and if the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the steam header is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, there is no steam load.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention by controlling the air load and the steam load in consideration, it is possible to prevent each prime mover from operating wastefully and improve the operation efficiency.
- the first driven machine and the second driven machine are configured as one common driven machine, and the common driven machine is configured by the first prime mover and the second driven machine.
- the steam system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the steam system can be driven by a prime mover.
- the common driven machine can be driven by each prime mover, thereby simplifying the configuration and reducing the size.
- the steam system of the present invention it is possible to operate efficiently and stably by controlling the steam engine and the like based on both the steam load and the fluid load. Moreover, energy saving can be achieved by giving priority to driving by the steam engine.
- the steam system of the present invention includes a plurality of prime movers used in combination with a steam engine and an electric motor, and one or more driven machines such as a compressor or a vacuum pump driven by these prime movers.
- the first prime mover that generates power using steam the first driven machine that is driven by the first prime mover, the second prime mover that generates power using other than steam, and the second prime mover that is driven by the second prime mover.
- a second driven machine A second driven machine.
- the first prime mover is a steam engine that generates power using steam.
- the steam engine may be a steam turbine, but is preferably a screw steam engine.
- a screw-type steam engine is an apparatus in which steam is introduced between screw rotors that mesh with each other, and the steam is expanded and decompressed while rotating the screw rotor by the steam, and power is obtained by rotation of the screw rotor at that time.
- Steam is supplied to the steam engine from a steam supply source.
- the steam source is typically a steam boiler.
- the steam from the steam boiler may be supplied to the steam header, and the steam in the steam header may be supplied to the steam engine via the steam supply path.
- the steam engine is controlled by controlling whether or not steam is supplied to the steam engine.
- a steam supply valve is provided in the steam supply path to the steam engine, and the opening / closing or opening degree of the steam supply valve is controlled. Thereby, the presence / absence or amount of steam supply to the steam engine can be changed, and the presence / absence or output of the steam engine can be changed.
- the presence or absence of steam supply to the steam turbine may be switched by controlling the opening and closing of the steam supply valve.
- operation of a steam turbine can be changed.
- the opening / closing of the steam supply valve may be controlled as in the case of the steam turbine, or the opening of the steam supply valve may be controlled.
- the output of the screw steam engine can be changed by adjusting the amount of steam supply to the screw steam engine.
- the control of the steam engine is not limited to the above configuration. That is, the steam engine only needs to be able to change the presence or amount of steaming, and it is not always necessary to provide a steaming valve in the steaming path and control the steaming valve.
- the steam supply path to the steam engine and the exhaust steam path from the steam engine may be connected by a bypass path, and the opening / closing or opening degree of a bypass valve provided in the bypass path may be controlled.
- this bypass valve may be provided.
- the bypass valve may be a self-reducing pressure reducing valve.
- the steam engine depressurizes steam, it also functions as a pressure reducing valve. Therefore, the steam after use in the steam engine can be used in the same manner as the steam after passing through the conventional pressure reducing valve. That is, conventionally, the steam from the steam boiler is supplied to the steam using device via the pressure reducing valve. Similarly, the steam after use in the steam engine can be supplied to the steam using device. At this time, the steam from the steam engine may be supplied to the steam header via the exhaust steam path, and the steam in the steam header may be supplied to the steam using device.
- the first driven machine is a device that is driven by the first prime mover and discharges or sucks fluid.
- the first driven machine is a pump, a blower, a compressor, a vacuum pump, or the like.
- the first driven machine discharges a fluid in the case of a pump, a blower, or a compressor, and sucks the fluid in the case of a vacuum pump.
- the first driven machine is, for example, an air compressor.
- the type of the air compressor is not particularly limited, such as a reciprocating type or a rotary type, but is a screw type compressor in the present embodiment.
- a screw compressor is a device that sucks gas between screw rotors that mesh with each other and rotate, and compresses and discharges the gas by rotation of the screw rotor.
- the second prime mover is a device that generates power using something other than steam.
- the second prime mover is typically an electric motor (motor), but may be a diesel engine or the like.
- on / off control may be performed, or inverter control may be performed.
- inverter control the number of revolutions of an electric motor can be changed by changing the frequency of a power source applied to the electric motor.
- the second driven machine is a device that is driven by the second prime mover and discharges or sucks fluid.
- the second driven machine is a pump, a blower, a compressor, a vacuum pump, or the like.
- the second driven machine discharges a fluid in the case of a pump, a blower, or a compressor, and sucks the fluid in the case of a vacuum pump.
- the second driven machine is a device that discharges or sucks fluid to the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by the first driven machine, in the same manner as the first driven machine. Therefore, the second driven machine has the same function as the first driven machine.
- the first driven machine is an air compressor
- the second driven machine is also an air compressor.
- the mechanism need not be the same.
- the first driven machine is a screw type air compressor
- the second driven machine is not limited to the screw type as long as it is an air compressor, and may be a reciprocating type (reciprocating compressor) or the like.
- the first prime mover and the second prime mover may be controlled by a common controller, or may be independently controlled by individual controllers. In the former case, the first prime mover and the second prime mover are controlled based on a fluid load and a steam load described later. In the latter case, the first prime mover may be controlled based on the fluid load and the steam load, while the second prime mover may be controlled based on the fluid load.
- the fluid load is a load of the fluid in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine.
- each of the driven machines is a pump, a blower or a compressor
- this is the amount of fluid used in the space discharged.
- each said driven machine is a vacuum pump
- this is the quantity of the fluid in the space which suck
- any fluid load can be detected by the pressure in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine.
- the use load of compressed air (referred to as air load) is detected based on the pressure in a common pipe or tank that sends the compressed air to one or a plurality of compressed air use devices. it can. That is, when compressed air is used in the compressed air use device, the air pressure in the pipe or tank decreases, so that the air load can be detected.
- the steam load is the amount of steam used at the location where the used steam is supplied by the first prime mover (steam engine).
- This steam load can be detected by the steam pressure at the location where the steam after use is supplied by the first prime mover.
- the use load (steam load) of the steam can be detected based on the steam pressure in the exhaust steam path from the first prime mover or in the steam header provided at the end thereof. That is, when steam is used in the steam using device, the steam pressure in the exhaust steam passage or in the steam header decreases, so that the steam load can be detected.
- the first prime mover and / or the second prime mover is based on the pressure in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine and the steam pressure at the location where the steam after use is supplied by the first prime mover.
- the first prime mover can be controlled based on fluid pressure and vapor pressure, while the second prime mover can be controlled based on fluid pressure.
- the first prime mover and the second prime mover are controlled by changing the presence or amount of each drive. Thereby, the drive ratio of a 1st prime mover and a 2nd prime mover can be changed.
- the following control is simple and energy saving can be achieved. That is, when there is a fluid load and a steam load, the steam supply to the first prime mover is continued, but when there is no fluid load or a steam load, the steam supply to the first prime mover is stopped. When there is a fluid load but no steam load, only the second prime mover is operated. However, in this case (when there is a fluid load but no steam load), steam supply to the first prime mover may be executed as desired. By the way, when there is no fluid load but there is a steam load, the steam is supplied to the steam header and the steam using device via a bypass path or the like.
- each of the driven machines is an air compressor and the fluid load is an air load
- whether or not there is an air load is determined by the pressure detected by a pressure sensor provided in a pipe or tank that sends the compressed air to the compressed air using device. It can be detected depending on whether it is less than the set value. That is, if it is less than the set value, it can be determined that there is an air load, and if it is greater than the set value, it can be determined that there is no air load. Further, whether or not there is a steam load can be detected by whether or not the detected pressure of a pressure sensor provided on a steam header or the like to which steam after use is supplied by the first prime mover is less than a predetermined value.
- each driven machine is not a compressor but a pump or a blower.
- each of the driven machines is a vacuum pump, whether or not there is a fluid load is detected based on whether or not the detected pressure of the pressure sensor provided in the space where the vacuum pump is evacuated is equal to or higher than a set value. it can.
- the steam supply to the first prime mover is controlled so as to maintain the space in the first set pressure range.
- the second prime mover is controlled based on the pressure in the space where the fluid is discharged or sucked by each driven machine so as to maintain the space in the second set pressure region.
- each said driven machine is a pump, a fan, or a compressor
- the lower limit pressure of the 1st set pressure range is set higher than the lower limit pressure of the 2nd set pressure range
- the upper limit pressure of the 2nd set pressure range is It is set lower than the upper limit pressure in the first set pressure range.
- the upper limit pressure in the first set pressure range is set lower than the upper limit pressure in the second set pressure range
- the lower limit pressure in the second set pressure range is the first set pressure. It is set higher than the lower limit pressure of the area.
- steam supply to the first prime mover is preferably performed only when the steam pressure at the location where the steam after use is supplied by the first prime mover is less than a predetermined value.
- the first prime mover may be controlled for the presence or absence of steaming, and the second prime mover (electric motor) may only be on / off controlled.
- the first driven machine and the second driven machine are configured separately, but they may be configured as one common driven machine.
- a common driven machine can be driven by the first prime mover and the second prime mover.
- the steam drive and the electric drive may be configured as one unit by attaching an electric motor coaxially with the steam engine.
- first prime mover and the first driven machine, and the second prime mover and the second driven machine are installed one by one
- a plurality of these may be installed.
- the second prime mover and the second driven machine can be installed in parallel. Even in that case, each second prime mover may perform the same control as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the steam system of the present invention.
- the steam system 1 according to this embodiment includes a steam-driven compressor unit 2 and an electrically-driven compressor unit 3.
- the steam-driven compressor unit 2 includes a steam engine (first prime mover) 4 that generates power upon receiving steam, and an air compressor (first driven machine) 5 that is driven by the steam engine 4.
- the steam engine 4 may be a steam turbine, but is preferably a screw-type steam engine.
- a screw-type steam engine is an apparatus in which steam is introduced between screw rotors that mesh with each other, and the steam is expanded and decompressed while rotating the screw rotor by the steam, and power is obtained by rotation of the screw rotor at that time.
- a controller (first controller) 8 of the steam-driven compressor unit 2 controls the steam engine 4 by controlling a steam supply valve 9 provided in the steam supply path 6.
- the operation of the steam engine 4 is switched by controlling the opening and closing of the steam supply valve 9.
- the output of the steam engine 4 may be adjustable by adjusting the opening of the steam supply valve 9.
- the type of the air compressor 5 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a screw type compressor.
- a screw compressor is a device that sucks gas between screw rotors that mesh with each other and rotate, and compresses and discharges the gas by rotation of the screw rotor.
- the air compressor 5 is directly driven by the steam engine 4 without going through a generator.
- the electrically driven compressor unit 3 includes an electric motor (first driven machine) 10 that receives electric power to generate power, and an air compressor (second driven machine) 11 driven by the electric motor 10.
- the air compressor 11 is not particularly limited as in the case of the steam drive type compressor unit 2, but is preferably a screw type compressor.
- the controller (second controller) 12 of the electrically driven compressor unit 3 controls the electric motor 10.
- the presence or absence of the operation of the motor 10 is switched by controlling the presence or absence of the power supply to the motor 10.
- the output of the electric motor 10 may be adjustable by controlling the electric motor 10 with an inverter. That is, you may change the rotation speed of the electric motor 10 by changing the frequency of the power supply applied to the electric motor 10 in an inverter.
- the steam engine 4 is driven by supplying steam.
- the steam from the steam boiler 13 is supplied to the steam engine 4 via the first steam header 14 and the steam supply path 6.
- the steam after use in the steam engine 4 can be supplied to various steam use devices (not shown) via the second steam header 15.
- the first steam header 14 and the second steam header 15 are also connected via the bypass 16.
- the upstream part of the steam supply valve 9 and the middle part of the exhaust steam path 7 from the steam engine 4 to the second steam header 15. are connected by a bypass 16.
- a bypass valve 17 is provided in the middle of the bypass path 16.
- the bypass valve 17 may be an electromagnetic valve or an electric valve that is controlled to be opened and closed by a controller, but is a self-powered pressure reducing valve in this embodiment.
- the bypass valve 17 is a pressure reducing valve that mechanically adjusts the opening degree by itself so as to maintain the steam pressure in the second steam header 15 at a predetermined level.
- the steam system 1 of the present embodiment includes the two steam headers 14 and 15 having different pressures and temperatures.
- the steam in each of the steam headers 14 and 15 can be supplied to a desired steam use device (not shown). Since the steam in each of the steam headers 14 and 15 has a different temperature, it is possible to use the steam according to the application. That is, when a relatively high temperature steam is required, the steam may be supplied from the first steam header 14, and when a lower temperature steam is required, the second steam header 15 is supplied. Steam may be supplied from
- the steam from any of the steam headers 14 and 15 can be supplied to the steam using device via the pressure reducing valve 18 (only the first steam header 14 side is shown) if desired. Since the steam engine 4 also functions as a pressure reducing valve, the steam in the second steam header 15 can be used as it is as the steam after passing through the pressure reducing valve.
- the operation state of the steam boiler 13 of this embodiment is controlled based on the steam pressure in the first steam header 14. Specifically, the burner combustion amount is controlled based on the steam pressure in the first steam header 14.
- the first steam sensor 15 is provided with a first pressure sensor 19 in order to grasp the use load of the steam.
- the first pressure sensor 19 monitors the vapor pressure in the second vapor header 15. Therefore, whether or not there is a steam load can be determined based on whether or not the steam pressure is less than a predetermined value. That is, when steam is used, the steam pressure in the second steam header 15 is lowered, so that the use load of steam can be detected based on whether or not it is less than a predetermined value.
- the compressed air from each of the air compressors 5 and 11 is supplied into the hollow air tank 21 through the compressed air passage 20 and can be supplied from the air tank 21 to one or a plurality of compressed air using devices (not shown). It is said.
- the air tank 21 is provided with a second pressure sensor 22 in order to grasp the usage load of compressed air.
- the air pressure in the air tank 21 is monitored by the second pressure sensor 22. Therefore, whether or not there is an air load can be determined based on whether or not the air pressure is less than the set value. That is, when compressed air is used, the air pressure in the air tank 21 decreases, and therefore the use load of the compressed air can be detected depending on whether or not it is less than the set value.
- the air pressure of the second pressure sensor 22 is less than a set value (P1U described later), it is determined that there is an air load, and when the vapor pressure of the first pressure sensor 19 is less than a predetermined value, the steam load is reduced. If it is determined that there is, the steam supply valve 9 is opened and the steam engine 4 continues to operate. Conversely, when the air pressure of the second pressure sensor 22 is equal to or higher than the set value, it is determined that there is no air load, or when the vapor pressure of the first pressure sensor 19 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, it is determined that there is no steam load. When the steam engine 4 is closed, the steam supply valve 9 is closed and the steam engine 4 is stopped.
- P1U set value
- the set pressure of the steam driven compressor unit 2 should be set higher than the set pressure of the electric drive compressor unit 3.
- the prime mover steam engine 4, electric motor 10) is individually controlled by each controller 8, 12 so as to maintain the air pressure in the air tank 21 in the set pressure range.
- the FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a set pressure region in each of the compressor units 2 and 3 and an operating state of the steam supply valve 9 and the electric motor 10 in each pressure region.
- the table on the right side shows the opening / closing of the steam supply valve 9 and the operation of the electric motor 10 in each pressure region of the left graph.
- the 1st controller 8 controls opening and closing of the steam supply valve 9 so that the inside of the air tank 21 may be maintained in the 1st setting pressure range P1 based on the detection pressure of the 2nd pressure sensor 22.
- FIG. Specifically, with the use of compressed air, when the lower limit pressure P1L of the first set pressure region P1 is reached, the steam supply valve 9 is opened, while when the upper limit pressure P1U of the first set pressure region P1 is reached, the steam supply valve 9 is opened. Close.
- the second controller 12 controls the operation of the electric motor 10 based on the detected pressure of the second pressure sensor 22 so as to maintain the inside of the air tank 21 in the second set pressure region P2. Specifically, when the lower limit pressure P2L of the second set pressure region P2 is reached, the electric motor 10 is operated, and when the upper limit pressure P2U of the second set pressure region P2 is reached, the electric motor 10 is stopped.
- the first set pressure range P1 and the second set pressure range are set so that the steam-driven compressor unit 2 is preferentially operated over the electrically driven compressor unit 3.
- P2 is set. Specifically, the lower limit pressure P1L of the first set pressure range P1 is set higher than the lower limit pressure P2L of the second set pressure range P2, and the upper limit pressure P2U of the second set pressure range P2 is set to the first set pressure range. It is set lower than the upper limit pressure P1U of P1.
- the electric motor 10 is stopped at a pressure exceeding the upper limit pressure P1U of the first set pressure range P1. Even if the pressure decreases from that state, the electric motor 10 is stopped until the lower limit pressure P2L of the second set pressure region P2 is reached, as shown in the second column from the right in the table. During this time, the steam supply valve 9 is opened at the lower limit pressure P1L of the first set pressure region P1 as described above. And in the area
- the electric motor 10 is in an operating state until the upper limit pressure P2U of the second set pressure region P2 is reached. During this time, the steam supply valve 9 is also opened. And in the area
- compressed air can be stably obtained even when there is no steam load by backing up the electric motor 10. Further, compressed air can be obtained by the electric motor 10 at the time of starting the steam boiler 13, that is, until steaming. And after steaming, as long as there is a steam load, that is, as long as the steam in the second steam header 15 is used, compressed air can be obtained while operating the steam-driven compressor unit 2 preferentially. .
- steam is not supplied to the second steam header 15 via the steam engine 4, but steam is supplied to the second steam header 15 via the bypass 16.
- the steam engine 4 is used to drive the compressor 5 without using the electric motor 10 with large power consumption even when there is no steam load. Steam may be supplied. Thereby, electric power reduction can be aimed at.
- the steam system of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the steam engine 4 is a screw type, but may be a turbine type in some cases.
- the compressors 5 and 11 are on / off controlled.
- the capacity may be controlled according to circumstances. In that case, it is easy to adjust the opening degree of the steam supply valve 9 in the steam driven compressor unit 2, and in the electric drive compressor unit 3, it is easy to inverter-control the electric motor 10.
- the 2nd pressure sensor 22 is not the air tank 21, but compressed air is received from each compressor 5,11. You may provide in the compressed air path 20 discharged. In that case, the air tank 21 can be omitted.
- the 1st pressure sensor 19 is not the 2nd steam header 15, but the steam engine 4 from. You may provide in the pipe line after the confluence
- controllers 8 and 12 are provided in the units 2 and 3, respectively, but these may be unified to be a common controller. Furthermore, in the said Example, each compressor 5 and 11 of each unit 2 and 3 may be made common, and one common compressor may be controlled by the steam engine 4 or the electric motor 10. FIG.
- the compressor was provided in each unit 2 and 3, it may replace with a compressor and may install a pump or an air blower. In such a case, the control may be performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
- a vacuum pump may be installed instead of the compressor.
- the units 2 and 3 are preferably controlled so that the steam engine 4 has priority over the electric motor 10.
- the set pressure ranges P1 and P2 are set as shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- the electric motor 10 is good also as another prime mover which produces motive power using other than a steam.
- the electrically driven compressor unit 3 may be a reciprocating compressor using a diesel engine.
- the present invention operates efficiently and stably by controlling a steam engine or the like based on both a steam load and a fluid load, and can be applied to various steam systems.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年3月6日に日本に出願された特願2008-55685号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
2 蒸気駆動式圧縮機ユニット
3 電気駆動式圧縮機ユニット
4 蒸気エンジン(第一原動機)
5 空気圧縮機(第一被動機)
6 給蒸路
7 排蒸路
8 第一制御器
9 給蒸弁
10 電動機(第二原動機)
11 空気圧縮機(第二被動機)
12 第二制御器
13 蒸気ボイラ(蒸気供給源)
15 第二蒸気ヘッダ
16 バイパス路
17 バイパス弁(減圧弁)
19 第一圧力センサ
20 圧縮空気路
21 エアタンク
22 第二圧力センサ
P1 第一設定圧力域
P1U 第一設定圧力域の上限圧力
P1L 第一設定圧力域の下限圧力
P2 第二設定圧力域
P2U 第二設定圧力域の上限圧力
P2L 第二設定圧力域の下限圧力
本発明の蒸気システムは、蒸気エンジンと電動機などとの組合せで用いられる複数の原動機と、これら原動機により駆動される圧縮機または真空ポンプなどの一または複数の被動機とを備える。本実施形態では、蒸気を用いて動力を起こす第一原動機と、この第一原動機により駆動される第一被動機と、蒸気以外を用いて動力を起こす第二原動機と、この第二原動機により駆動される第二被動機とを備える。
図1は、本発明の蒸気システムの一実施例を示す概略図である。本実施例の蒸気システム1は、蒸気駆動式圧縮機ユニット2と、電気駆動式圧縮機ユニット3とを備える。
空気負荷があると判断され、且つ第一圧力センサ19の蒸気圧が所定値未満であることにより蒸気負荷があると判断される場合には、給蒸弁9を開いて蒸気エンジン4を運転し続ける。逆に、第二圧力センサ22の空気圧が設定値以上であることにより空気負荷がないと判断され、または第一圧力センサ19の蒸気圧が所定値以上であることにより蒸気負荷がないと判断される場合には、給蒸弁9を閉じて蒸気エンジン4を停止する。さらに、第二圧力センサ22の空気圧が設定値未満であることにより空気負荷があると判断され、且つ第一圧力センサ19の蒸気圧が所定値以上であることにより蒸気負荷がないと判断される場合には、電動機10を単独運転する。このようにして、蒸気負荷がある限り、蒸気駆動式圧縮機ユニット2を優先的に運転させる。
Claims (8)
- 蒸気を用いて動力を起こす第一原動機と、
この第一原動機により駆動され、流体を吐出または吸入する第一被動機と、
蒸気以外を用いて動力を起こす第二原動機と、
この第二原動機により駆動され、前記第一被動機により流体が吐出または吸入される空間に対し、流体を吐出または吸入する第二被動機と、
前記第一原動機にて使用後の蒸気が供給される箇所の蒸気負荷と、前記各被動機により流体が吐出または吸入される前記空間内の流体負荷とに基づき、前記第一原動機および/または前記第二原動機を制御する制御器と
を備えることを特徴とする蒸気システム。 - 前記第一原動機にて使用後の蒸気が供給される箇所の蒸気圧と、前記各被動機により流体が吐出または吸入される前記空間内の圧力とに基づき、前記第一原動機と前記第二原動機との駆動割合が変更される
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記第一原動機にて使用後の蒸気が供給される箇所の蒸気圧と、前記各被動機により流体が吐出または吸入される前記空間内の圧力とに基づき、前記第一原動機が制御され、
前記各被動機により流体が吐出または吸入される前記空間内の圧力に基づき、前記第二原動機が制御される
ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記各被動機により流体が吐出される前記空間内の圧力に基づき、その空間内を第一設定圧力域に維持するように、前記第一原動機への給蒸が制御され、
前記各被動機により流体が吐出される前記空間内の圧力に基づき、その空間内を第二設定圧力域に維持するように、前記第二原動機が制御され、
前記第一設定圧力域の下限圧力は、前記第二設定圧力域の下限圧力よりも高く設定され、前記第二設定圧力域の上限圧力は、前記第一設定圧力域の上限圧力よりも低く設定される
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記第一原動機にて使用後の蒸気が供給される箇所の蒸気圧が所定値未満の場合にのみ、前記第一原動機への給蒸がなされる
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記第一原動機は、スクリュ式蒸気エンジンとされ、
前記第一被動機は、空気圧縮機とされ、
前記第二原動機は、電動機とされ、
前記第二被動機は、空気圧縮機とされる
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記各被動機からの圧縮空気は、共通の管路および/またはタンクを介して、圧縮空気使用装置へ供給可能とされ、
蒸気供給源からの蒸気は、前記第一原動機を介して蒸気ヘッダへ供給可能とされると共に、減圧弁を介して前記蒸気ヘッダへ供給可能とされ、
その蒸気ヘッダの蒸気は、蒸気使用装置へ供給可能とされ、
前記管路または前記タンクに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が設定値未満であることにより空気負荷があると判断され、且つ前記蒸気ヘッダに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が所定値未満であることにより蒸気負荷があると判断される場合には、前記第一原動機への蒸気供給を継続し、
前記管路または前記タンクに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が設定値以上であることにより空気負荷がないと判断され、または前記蒸気ヘッダに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が所定値以上であることにより蒸気負荷がないと判断される場合には、前記第一原動機への蒸気供給を停止し、
前記管路または前記タンクに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が設定値未満であることにより空気負荷があると判断され、且つ前記蒸気ヘッダに設けた圧力センサの検出圧力が所定値以上であることにより蒸気負荷がないと判断される場合には、前記第二原動機のみを運転する
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の蒸気システム。 - 前記第一被動機と前記第二被動機とが、共通の一つの被動機として構成され、
この共通の被動機が、前記第一原動機と前記第二原動機とにより駆動可能とされた
ことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の蒸気システム。
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