WO2009108141A1 - Reinforcement of sandwich load carryng panel - Google Patents
Reinforcement of sandwich load carryng panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009108141A1 WO2009108141A1 PCT/SI2009/000009 SI2009000009W WO2009108141A1 WO 2009108141 A1 WO2009108141 A1 WO 2009108141A1 SI 2009000009 W SI2009000009 W SI 2009000009W WO 2009108141 A1 WO2009108141 A1 WO 2009108141A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- load carrying
- panel
- sandwich
- reinforcements
- carrying
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
Definitions
- Sandwich load carrying panel reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel, load carrying frame, attachment of sandwich load carrying panels, heat transfer, fire safety.
- the present solution is solving technical problem of reinforcement of construction sandwich load carrying panels weakened due to cutouts in panels whereas the invention is technically simple and affordable. Invented reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels does not cause additional heat loss, does not cause deterioration of fire safety and at the same time it is appropriate fundament for quality building of windows, doors and other elements of construction elements, air ducts ...
- Described invention shows reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel or construction panel by replacing visible sub-frame with a frame built into the sandwich load carrying panel (also referred simply as "frame" in the rest of this application).
- This invention relates to system of strengthening of self-carrying sandwich panel on weakened spots. Typical weakening is cutout in said panel for building in of windows, doors, air ventilation needs, or general penetrations.
- the system shown in this application has significantly increased load carrying capability deteriorated due to cutout of part of sandwich load carrying structure whereas the sandwich panel is in general comprised of two thin load carrying covering layers and soft shear carrying core.
- the outer layers may be of different materials, for example of any metal sheet or thin layer of carbon fiber or glass fiber with joining polymer material.
- the core can be comprised of various materials such as for example polyurethane foam, mineral wool, glass wool, honeycomb or any other preferred insulation filling.
- Self carrying sandwich panels may be straight, bent, finned or designed in any other manner which does not limit the scope of this invention.
- the essence of this invention is not limited by form of weakening or cutout.
- Solution as shown in this invention also satisfies requirements of construction physics: no heat bridges, satisfies requirements for fire safety etc.
- the invention shows reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels as appropriate foundation for quick and quality assembly of construction elements and ventilation or air conditioning units into said panels.
- Typical examples of use of said reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels are cutouts for insertion of windows or doors whereby on each panel one or several cutouts can be made.
- Figure 1 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5.
- Figure 2 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5.
- Figure 3 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, glue 6.
- FIG. 4 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5, connecting load carrying element
- Figure 5 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5, attachment element 8.
- FIG. 6 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, connecting load carrying element 7, attachment element 8.
- sandwich load carrying panel 1 is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers 3 and shear carrying core (filling core) 4. Through sandwich load carrying panel 1 there is penetration or cutout (for insertion of construction elements, for need of ventilation ...) whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel 1 is significantly lowered.
- reinforcement 2 glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers 3 using glue 6 (figure 3), said reinforcements 2 interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces 5 or bridges. Necessary number of insulation interfaces 5 depends on size and form of said cutout. Part of load is transferred onto glued reinforcements which would otherwise be carried by cutout part of the sandwich load carrying panel 1.
- Each of reinforcements 2 forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration.
- Each of reinforcements 2 is glued along the edges of cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer 3 of sandwich load carrying panel 1. With gluing the continuous transfer of load from thin load carrying cover layer 3 onto reinforcement 2 is achieved.
- each of sandwich load carrying panels 1 is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers 3 and shear carrying core (filler core) 4.
- sandwich load carrying panel 1 there is penetration or cutout (for insertion of construction elements, for need of ventilation ...) whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel 1 is significantly lowered.
- reinforcement 2 glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers 3 using glue 6 (figure 3), said reinforcements 2 interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces 5 or bridges. Necessary number of insulation interfaces 5 depends on size and form of said cutout. Part of load is transferred onto glued reinforcements which would otherwise be carried by cutout part of the sandwich load carrying panel 1.
- each of reinforcements 2 forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration.
- Each of reinforcements 2 is glued along the edges of cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer 3 of sandwich load carrying panel 1. With gluing the continuous transfer of load from thin load carrying cover layer 3 onto reinforcement 2 is achieved.
- glue 6 is used with shear module larger than 10 MPa and adhesiveness larger than 5 MPa.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Described invention shows reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel or construction panel by replacing visible sub-frame with a frame built into the sandwich load carrying panel. Typical weakening is cutout in said panel for building in of windows, doors, air ventilation needs, or general penetrations. The system shown in this application has significantly increased load carrying capability deteriorated due to cutout of part of sandwich load carrying structure. The sandwich panel is in general comprised of two thin load carrying covering layers and soft shear carrying core. To increase load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel 1 there are reinforcement 2 glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers 3 using glue 6 (figure 3), said reinforcements 2 interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces 5 or bridges. Part of load is transferred onto glued reinforcements which would otherwise be carried by cutout part of the sandwich load carrying panel 1. Each of reinforcements 2 forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration. Each of reinforcements 2 is glued along the edges of cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer 3 of sandwich load carrying panel 1. With gluing the continuous transfer of load from thin load carrying cover layer 3 onto reinforcement 2 is achieved.
Description
REINFORCEMENT OF SANDWICH LOAD CARRYING PANEL DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Field of technology
Sandwich load carrying panel, reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel, load carrying frame, attachment of sandwich load carrying panels, heat transfer, fire safety.
Description of technical problem
Cutouts in construction sandwich load carrying panels, or construction panels cause mechanical properties of sandwich load carrying panels to significantly deteriorate. Due to this problems the sandwich load carrying panels must be reinforced on weak points which is usually carried out with sub-frames of various materials or reduction of distances between supports of sandwich load carrying panels.
The present solution is solving technical problem of reinforcement of construction sandwich load carrying panels weakened due to cutouts in panels whereas the invention is technically simple and affordable. Invented reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels does not cause additional heat loss, does not cause deterioration of fire safety and at the same time it is appropriate fundament for quality building of windows, doors and other elements of construction elements, air ducts ...
State of the art
The solutions currently available for cutouts of sandwich load carrying panels do not offer solutions by the manufacturers of sandwich load carrying panels to improve mechanical properties deteriorated due to cutouts (e.g. due to windows, doors, ...).
So far the manufacturers of sandwich load carrying panels have been forwarding information to buyers or assembly crews that appropriate sub-frame has to be
constructed of steel, aluminum or similar beams of any material capable of load carrying said panel cannot sustain due to cutout..
Construction of sub-frame in so far known solutions requires knowledge of additional horizontal (or vertical) beams for attaching of edge of cutout of sandwich load carrying panel whereas this sub-frame is usually covered with decorative edge. From the inner side this sub-frame can usually be seen and usually bothersome for the buyer.
During past years much research was done on influence of size and form of cutout on loss of load carrying capacity of sandwich load carrying panels. For that purpose several experiments were carried out in various institutions, universities and companies. The computations are usually performed using differential or integral numerical methods (finite element method, finite difference method, finite volume method, boundary element method ...) whereas finite element method can be found most frequently.
The basic criteria for said experiments and computations are in particular:
- loss of load carrying capacity from viewpoint of bending stress needed to be taken over by sandwich load carrying panels and causing deformation in attachment point (where failure occurs), and
- problem of limiting load carrying capacity due to failure on middle support - buckling of lower metal sheet (due to stress due to various temperatures the sandwich load carrying panels deforms itself and buckles on middle support - therefore fails)
In the literature several publications can be found for determining various factors and limitations during use of sandwich load carrying panels with cutouts, however, with no shown solutions for increase of load carrying capacity of panels weakened by cutouts. In particular cases were analyzed, deformations determined and failure locations shown for simulation of various loads on different sandwich load carrying panels.
Description of new solution
Described invention shows reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel or construction panel by replacing visible sub-frame with a frame built into the sandwich load carrying panel (also referred simply as "frame" in the rest of this application).
This invention relates to system of strengthening of self-carrying sandwich panel on weakened spots. Typical weakening is cutout in said panel for building in of windows, doors, air ventilation needs, or general penetrations. The system shown in this application has significantly increased load carrying capability deteriorated due to cutout of part of sandwich load carrying structure whereas the sandwich panel is in general comprised of two thin load carrying covering layers and soft shear carrying core. The outer layers may be of different materials, for example of any metal sheet or thin layer of carbon fiber or glass fiber with joining polymer material. The core can be comprised of various materials such as for example polyurethane foam, mineral wool, glass wool, honeycomb or any other preferred insulation filling.
Self carrying sandwich panels may be straight, bent, finned or designed in any other manner which does not limit the scope of this invention. In addition, the essence of this invention is not limited by form of weakening or cutout.
As far as cutout stress is concerned the reinforcement is performed in such a fashion to take over as much as basic load as possible. In this invention presented reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel takes over at least 80% of basic load. The frame should not be too rigid as this would result in inability to bent partially with sandwich load carrying panel. If the frame is appropriately slim (i.e. correctly rigid) this is beneficial as the whole system operates similarly to sandwich load carrying panel which bends during loading and returns in initial position. If the frame would be too rigid this would mean particularly problematic situation for connection between frame and sandwich load carrying panel and for failure of glue due to large local shear stress. On the other side too rigid frame would result in higher investment in material for the frame (costs).
For correct embodiment of solution shown in this application of reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel is of particular relevance choice of frame of appropriate elasticity so the frame partially takes over the loads and behaves under these loads similarly to sandwich load carrying panel of full cross-section.
With building in the frame there is reduced transfer of load onto the neighboring load carrying panels which favors allowable distances between supports which have been preselected based on experiments for each type of product and system of built (single field, two field, several field). With solution as shown one may use tables of allowable distances and static calculations also for sandwich load carrying panels with cutouts as the system is known and can be officially recognized using standardized tests as statically verified system.
Solution as shown in this invention also satisfies requirements of construction physics: no heat bridges, satisfies requirements for fire safety etc. In addition the invention shows reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels as appropriate foundation for quick and quality assembly of construction elements and ventilation or air conditioning units into said panels.
Typical examples of use of said reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panels are cutouts for insertion of windows or doors whereby on each panel one or several cutouts can be made.
Below the essence of invention is presented in more detail with description of preferred embodiments and attached figures whereby the figures form part of this patent application and show:
Figure 1 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5.
Figure 2 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5.
Figure 3 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, glue 6.
Figure 4 shows sandwich load carrying panel 1, reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5, connecting load carrying element
7.
Figure 5 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, insulation interface 5, attachment element 8.
Figure 6 shows reinforcement 2, load carrying cover layer 3, shear carrying core 4, connecting load carrying element 7, attachment element 8.
In first embodiment as shown in fig. 1 sandwich load carrying panel 1 is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers 3 and shear carrying core (filling core) 4. Through sandwich load carrying panel 1 there is penetration or cutout (for insertion of construction elements, for need of ventilation ...) whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel 1 is significantly lowered. To increase load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel 1 there are reinforcement 2 glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers 3 using glue 6 (figure 3), said reinforcements 2 interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces 5 or bridges. Necessary number of insulation interfaces 5 depends on size and form of said cutout. Part of load is transferred onto glued reinforcements which would otherwise be carried by cutout part of the sandwich load carrying panel 1. Each of reinforcements 2 forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration. Each of reinforcements 2 is glued along the edges of cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer 3 of sandwich load carrying panel 1. With gluing the
continuous transfer of load from thin load carrying cover layer 3 onto reinforcement 2 is achieved.
Second preferred embodiment in figure 2 shows each of sandwich load carrying panels 1 is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers 3 and shear carrying core (filler core) 4. Through sandwich load carrying panel 1 there is penetration or cutout (for insertion of construction elements, for need of ventilation ...) whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel 1 is significantly lowered. To increase load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel 1 there are reinforcement 2 glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers 3 using glue 6 (figure 3), said reinforcements 2 interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces 5 or bridges. Necessary number of insulation interfaces 5 depends on size and form of said cutout. Part of load is transferred onto glued reinforcements which would otherwise be carried by cutout part of the sandwich load carrying panel 1. In case of weakened point (cutout) which is performed or extended into two or more panels said sandwich load carrying panels 1 are interconnected using connecting load carrying elements 7 (fig. 4), and attached using attachment elements 8. Said attachment elements 8 may be screws, rivets or any other attachment elements, however, attachment can be also achieved using any other means (gluing, soldering ...) which does not limit the scope of this invention. By using two or more sandwich load carrying panels 1 each of reinforcements 2 forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration. Each of reinforcements 2 is glued along the edges of cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer 3 of sandwich load carrying panel 1. With gluing the continuous transfer of load from thin load carrying cover layer 3 onto reinforcement 2 is achieved.
For interconnection of reinforcements glued on both sides of sandwich load carrying panel 1 used insulation interfaces are thermal insulating resulting in prevention of establishment of heat bridges.
The subject of this invention relates also on cutouts where particular side of cutout does not border on sandwich load carrying panel (such as for example assembly or insertion of doors) which does not limit the scope of this invention.
For gluing of reinforcement 2 onto sandwich load carrying panel 1 glue 6 is used with shear module larger than 10 MPa and adhesiveness larger than 5 MPa.
Use of invention according to this application results in significant reduction in use of materials and at the same time in improving of aesthetics of sandwich load carrying panels as opposed to currently used sub-frames.
It is self evident that the invention as described herein can be used in different embodiment which does not alter the essence of this invention.
Claims
1. Reinforcement of sandwich load carrying panel, characterized in that that for increase of load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel (1) there are on each side of said panel (1) on load carrying cover layers (3) glued reinforcements (2) with glue (6) said reinforcements (2) interconnected by interfaces having shear carrying capacity.
2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforced sandwich load carrying panel (1) comprises reinforcements (2), load carrying cover layers (3), shear carrying core (4), insulation interfaces (5).
3. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that on reinforcements (2) part of load is transferred this load otherwise carried by cut out part of said sandwich load carrying panel (1).
4. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcements (2) of load carrying panel (1) carry at least 80% of basic load.
5. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the frame is appropriately elastic in order to partially take over loads and behaves under these loads similarly as sandwich load carrying panel of full cross section.
6. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that using of built-in frame reduces transfer of load onto adjacent sandwich load carrying panels whereby the allowable distances between supports can be kept, said allowable distances determined for each type of product and system of assembly.
7. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the frame has such rigidity to bend along with sandwich load carrying panel and returns into original position after load has ceased.
8. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that use of glue (6) ensures continuous transfer of loads from thin load carrying cover layers (3) onto reinforcements (2).
9. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each of reinforcements (2) is glued along the edges of said cutout onto respective load carrying cover layer (3) of said sandwich load carrying panel (1).
10. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in case of cutout extended into two or more panels said sandwich load carrying panels (1) are interconnected using connecting load carrying elements (7).
11. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each of reinforcements (2) forms forms axially and bending stress resistant frame which is formed according to shape of penetration.
12. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that for gluing of reinforcement (2) onto sandwich load carrying panel (1) glue (6) with shear module larger than 10 MPa and adhesiveness larger than 5 MPa.
13. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that interfaces for shear carrying interconnection of reinforcements (2) of sandwich load carrying panels (1) are made of thermal insulation material.
14. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that number of said interfaces depend on number and shape of cutouts.
15. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that reinforcement of said sandwich load carrying panel (1) shown is good foundation for quick and quality assembly of construction elements and ventilation or air conditioning units into said panels.
16. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that each panel can feature one or more cutouts.
17. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that particular side of cutout does not border on sandwich load carrying panel (1).
18. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that sandwich load carrying panel (1) is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers (3) and shear carrying core (filling core) (4) whereby through sandwich load carrying panel (1) there is penetration or cutout whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel (1) is significantly lowered and whereby to increase load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel (1) there are reinforcements (2) glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers (3) using glue (6), said reinforcements (2) interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces (5) or bridges.
19. Panel according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that sandwich load carrying panel (1) is comprised of two thin load carrying cover layers (3) and shear carrying core (filling core) (4) whereby through sandwich load carrying panel (1) there is penetration or cutout whereby the load carrying capacity of said panel (1) is significantly lowered and whereby to increase load carrying capacity of weakened sandwich load carrying panel (1) there are reinforcements (2) glued on both sides on load carrying cover layers (3) using glue (6), said reinforcements (2) interconnected with interfaces capable of carrying shear, preferably insulation interfaces (5) or bridges whereby the weakened point (cutout) which is performed or extended into two or more panels said sandwich load carrying panels (1) are interconnected using connecting load carrying elements (7), and attached using attachment elements (8).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09714097.4A EP2260159B1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-27 | Reinforcement of sandwich load carryng panel |
| SI200931628A SI2260159T1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-27 | Reinforcement of sandwich load carryng panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI200800043A SI22715B (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | Strengthening of sandwich load bearing slab |
| SIP-200800043 | 2008-02-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009108141A1 true WO2009108141A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
Family
ID=40904144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SI2009/000009 WO2009108141A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-27 | Reinforcement of sandwich load carryng panel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2260159B1 (en) |
| SI (2) | SI22715B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009108141A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3037589A (en) * | 1960-03-14 | 1962-06-05 | Cole John | Frame construction for wall openings |
| WO1996006241A1 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-02-29 | Norman Douglas Gill | Structure of interlocking members |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3204324A (en) * | 1962-12-10 | 1965-09-07 | Soule Steel Company | Method for making an insulated frame construction |
| US4370828A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1983-02-01 | Miro Carl F | Window frame assembly |
-
2008
- 2008-02-28 SI SI200800043A patent/SI22715B/en active Search and Examination
-
2009
- 2009-02-27 SI SI200931628A patent/SI2260159T1/en unknown
- 2009-02-27 WO PCT/SI2009/000009 patent/WO2009108141A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-02-27 EP EP09714097.4A patent/EP2260159B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3037589A (en) * | 1960-03-14 | 1962-06-05 | Cole John | Frame construction for wall openings |
| WO1996006241A1 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-02-29 | Norman Douglas Gill | Structure of interlocking members |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2260159B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| SI22715A (en) | 2009-08-31 |
| SI22715B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| EP2260159A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| SI2260159T1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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