WO2009105008A1 - Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status - Google Patents

Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009105008A1
WO2009105008A1 PCT/SE2009/000095 SE2009000095W WO2009105008A1 WO 2009105008 A1 WO2009105008 A1 WO 2009105008A1 SE 2009000095 W SE2009000095 W SE 2009000095W WO 2009105008 A1 WO2009105008 A1 WO 2009105008A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
output spindle
rotational movement
motor
power
rotation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2009/000095
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl Johan Lars Elsmark
Erik Vilhelm Persson
Original Assignee
Atlas Copco Tools Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Copco Tools Ab filed Critical Atlas Copco Tools Ab
Priority to JP2010547588A priority Critical patent/JP5771395B2/en
Priority to EP09712893.8A priority patent/EP2242620B1/en
Priority to CN2009801041966A priority patent/CN101939141B/en
Publication of WO2009105008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009105008A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1405—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power nutrunner with a rotation motor connected to an output spindle via a power transmitting gearing.
  • torque sensing means for indicating the torque delivered to a screw joint being tightened.
  • this torque sensing means is of a mechanical-electric type associated with the reduction gearing or in the case of an electrically powered tool incorporated in the electric motor drive to detect the motor current/torque.
  • the torque sensing means is associated with the output spindle and gives a fairly correct signal in relation to the actually delivered torque, because in these cases the torque signal is not disturbed by occurring deficiencies of the reduction gearing.
  • torque sensing means located at the output spindle in angle nutrunners might give a reliable torque signal but is disadvantageous as the torque sensing means requires some space and causes a bulky angle head.
  • Another source of torque sensing error is a certain elastic torsional deformation of the transmission parts and the output spindle which influences upon the rotation angle as well as the registration dynamics, service life and the installed torque.
  • One way of ensuring an acceptable output torque accuracy is to keep track on the status of the power transmitting gearing and to be able to decide when the gearing is mechanical worn down to such an extent that an overhaul or repair of the tool is necessary.
  • a worn down gearing results in impaired output performance of the tool, and the output torque of the nutrunner may no longer be what it was originally set to be, which means that screw joints tightened by the nutrunner may not be tightened to an acceptable pretension level.
  • a power nutrunner of the type having an electric motor powered and controlled by an electronic drive unit there are means provided for monitoring both the output torque and the angular movement parameters of the motor.
  • the main object for the invention is to provide a power nutrunner with a motor arranged to deliver torque to an output spindle via a gearing and comprising a means for indicating the rotational movement of the output spindle to thereby detect excessive mechanical wear or any other damages of the gearing resulting in unacceptable deviations of the output torque, and also to detect the amount of elastic yield of the power transmission, thereby, determining the angular lag of the output spindle in relation to the motor.
  • Fig. 1 shows the front section of a power nutrunner according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows, on a larger scale, a longitudinal section through the output spindle of the nutrunner in Fig. 1 illustrating a rotation sensing means according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a graph illustrating the normal regular variation in the rotational movement of the angle gear output spindle.
  • Fig. 4 shows a graph illustrating the normal regular variation in the rotational movement of the angle gear output spindle with a gear teeth wear indication superimposed thereon.
  • the nutrunner front section shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 10 which is connectable to a non-illustrated rear section of the nutrunner including a rotation motor and power feed means connected to the motor.
  • This front section housing 10 comprises an angle head 11 with an output spindle 12 journalled in a forward ball bearing 13 and a rear needle bearing 14.
  • the output spindle 12 is formed with an output end 15 for carrying a nut sleeve for connection to a screw joint to be tightened.
  • the forward ball bearing 13 has one of its ball races formed directly on the output spindle 12, whereas the other ball race is formed on an end cover 17 threaded into the forward end of the angle head 11.
  • the output spindle 12 is connected to the motor via an angle gearing 18 and an intermediate shaft 19, wherein the angle gearing 18 includes a pinion gear 20 on the intermediate shaft 19 and a bevel gear 21 on the output spindle 12.
  • the intermediate shaft 19 is journalled in a rear adjustable ball bearing 22 and a forward needle bearing 23 and provided at its rear end with a coupling sleeve 24 for connection to the motor.
  • a rotation sensing means in the form of a Hall-element type sensor 26 secured in the angle head 11 and an activator 27 associated with the output spindle 12.
  • the activator 27 is preferably formed as a thin plastic strip 29 attached around the bevel gear 21 and magnetised in transverse equidistantly placed parallel bands. These magnetic bands are very narrow for a high resolution and arranged to accomplish a pulsing activation of the sensor 26.
  • the sensor 26 is connected to a non-illustrated electronic control and evaluation unit preferably located at the rear end of the nutrunner, and the sensor 26 will deliver electric pulses to that unit in response to the magnetic bands 29 pass it during rotation of the output spindle 12.
  • the output spindle 12 could as well be provided with a circumferential row of teeth to activate an inductive sensor located in the angle head.
  • Other types of rotation sensing means may also be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

A power nutrunner having a housing (10,11) with a rotation motor, a power transmitting gearing (18), and an output spindle (12), wherein a rotation sensing means (26,27) is associated with the output spindle (12) and arranged to deliver equidistantly generated pulse signals to an evaluation unit to detect undesirable irregularities in the rotational movement of the output spindle (12) caused by deficiencies of the gearing (18).

Description

Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status
The invention relates to a power nutrunner with a rotation motor connected to an output spindle via a power transmitting gearing.
Usually nutrunners of the above type are provided with torque sensing means for indicating the torque delivered to a screw joint being tightened. Either this torque sensing means is of a mechanical-electric type associated with the reduction gearing or in the case of an electrically powered tool incorporated in the electric motor drive to detect the motor current/torque. In some cases, particularly in straight type of tools, the torque sensing means is associated with the output spindle and gives a fairly correct signal in relation to the actually delivered torque, because in these cases the torque signal is not disturbed by occurring deficiencies of the reduction gearing. However, torque sensing means located at the output spindle in angle nutrunners might give a reliable torque signal but is disadvantageous as the torque sensing means requires some space and causes a bulky angle head. This results in an impaired accessibility of the nutrunner. In nutrunners having the torque sensing means located "upstream" of the reduction gearing, particularly nutrunners having an angle gear, there may be considerable disturbances between the "upstream" torque sensing means and the output spindle such that the torque actually delivered to the screw joint may deviate considerably from that indicated by the torque sensing means. The output angular speed and subsequently the output torque from an angle gear is by nature to some extent sinusoidal due to the sequential gear teeth engagement. This results in a non-linear torque growth in the screw joint being tightened.
Accordingly, there is a problem related to nutrunners having torque sensing means located "upstream" of the reduction gearing regarding the uncertainty of the momentary magnitude of the torque actually delivered via the output spindle. This is mainly due to variations in the output speed of the gearing caused not only by the gear teeth engagement as described above but also by impaired parts of the reduction gearing.
Another source of torque sensing error is a certain elastic torsional deformation of the transmission parts and the output spindle which influences upon the rotation angle as well as the registration dynamics, service life and the installed torque.
One way of ensuring an acceptable output torque accuracy is to keep track on the status of the power transmitting gearing and to be able to decide when the gearing is mechanical worn down to such an extent that an overhaul or repair of the tool is necessary. A worn down gearing results in impaired output performance of the tool, and the output torque of the nutrunner may no longer be what it was originally set to be, which means that screw joints tightened by the nutrunner may not be tightened to an acceptable pretension level. In case of a power nutrunner of the type having an electric motor powered and controlled by an electronic drive unit there are means provided for monitoring both the output torque and the angular movement parameters of the motor. However, in electric motor arrangements of that type neither the angular movement of the output spindle nor the effective reduction ratio are accurately determined, because mechanical wear or other deficiencies of the gearing will influence on the rotational movement transmitted from the motor to the output spindle. A further problem at electric nutrunners of the above type concerns a certain elastic yield of the power transmission under torque load, which means that the output spindle will get out of phase with the electric motor, and the angular position of the screw joint at power shut-off does not correspond to the angular position of the motor. There will be an angular lag between the output spindle and the motor.
The main object for the invention is to provide a power nutrunner with a motor arranged to deliver torque to an output spindle via a gearing and comprising a means for indicating the rotational movement of the output spindle to thereby detect excessive mechanical wear or any other damages of the gearing resulting in unacceptable deviations of the output torque, and also to detect the amount of elastic yield of the power transmission, thereby, determining the angular lag of the output spindle in relation to the motor.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following specification and claims. A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In the drawing
Fig. 1 shows the front section of a power nutrunner according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows, on a larger scale, a longitudinal section through the output spindle of the nutrunner in Fig. 1 illustrating a rotation sensing means according to the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a graph illustrating the normal regular variation in the rotational movement of the angle gear output spindle.
Fig. 4 shows a graph illustrating the normal regular variation in the rotational movement of the angle gear output spindle with a gear teeth wear indication superimposed thereon.
The nutrunner front section shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 10 which is connectable to a non-illustrated rear section of the nutrunner including a rotation motor and power feed means connected to the motor. This front section housing 10 comprises an angle head 11 with an output spindle 12 journalled in a forward ball bearing 13 and a rear needle bearing 14. The output spindle 12 is formed with an output end 15 for carrying a nut sleeve for connection to a screw joint to be tightened. The forward ball bearing 13 has one of its ball races formed directly on the output spindle 12, whereas the other ball race is formed on an end cover 17 threaded into the forward end of the angle head 11. The output spindle 12 is connected to the motor via an angle gearing 18 and an intermediate shaft 19, wherein the angle gearing 18 includes a pinion gear 20 on the intermediate shaft 19 and a bevel gear 21 on the output spindle 12. The intermediate shaft 19 is journalled in a rear adjustable ball bearing 22 and a forward needle bearing 23 and provided at its rear end with a coupling sleeve 24 for connection to the motor.
In the angle head 11 there is arranged a rotation sensing means in the form of a Hall-element type sensor 26 secured in the angle head 11 and an activator 27 associated with the output spindle 12. The activator 27 is preferably formed as a thin plastic strip 29 attached around the bevel gear 21 and magnetised in transverse equidistantly placed parallel bands. These magnetic bands are very narrow for a high resolution and arranged to accomplish a pulsing activation of the sensor 26. The sensor 26 is connected to a non-illustrated electronic control and evaluation unit preferably located at the rear end of the nutrunner, and the sensor 26 will deliver electric pulses to that unit in response to the magnetic bands 29 pass it during rotation of the output spindle 12.
As an alternative to magnetic bands and a Hall-element sensor for indicating rotation of the output spindle 12 the output spindle 12 could as well be provided with a circumferential row of teeth to activate an inductive sensor located in the angle head. Other types of rotation sensing means may also be used.
During operation of the nutrunner the momentary rotational movement of the output spindle is monitored by the electronic control and evaluation unit based on the train of electric signal pulses from the rotation sensing means. The regular variations of the rotational movement are illustrated by the sinusoidal torque/angle (T/φ) curve in Fig. 3. Occurring excessive wear of the angle gearing, which normally is related to impaired engagement between individual gear teeth, is illustrated as superimposed irregularities on the normal sinusoidal curve. This is illustrated in the graph in Fig. 4. All types of irregularities in the rotational movement of the output spindle cause bigger or smaller variations in the delivered torque, and by keeping track of these irregularities it is also possible to get a true picture of the torque actually delivered to the screw joint being tightened. This is important since the torque sensing means of most nutrunners are located upstream of the reduction/angle gearing for avoiding too bulky output ends of the nutrunners, which means that the torque indicated by that type of torque sensing means does not reveal any irregularities in the torque actually imposed on the screw joint being tightened. By a power nutrunner provided with a rotation sensing and indicating means according to the invention it is made possible to detect occurring irregularities in the output torque so as to ensure that the desired torque is actually installed in the screw joint being tightened.

Claims

Claims .
1. Power nutrunner comprising a housing (10,11), a rotation motor, and an output spindle (12) coupled to the motor via a power transmitting gearing (18) and adapted to carry a screw joint engaging implement, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a rotation sensing means (26,27) is arranged to generate signals indicating the momentary rotational movement of the output spindle (12), wherein an evaluation unit is connected to said rotation sensing means (26,27) and arranged to determine the actual status of the power transmitting gearing (18) by detecting and analysing undesirable irregularities in the rotational movement of the output spindle (12) during each revolution of the output spindle (12) .
2. Power nutrunner according to claim 1, wherein said rotation sensing means (26,27) comprises a pulse generating actuator (27) associated with the output spindle (12) , and a stationary sensor (26) mounted in the housing (10,11) and arranged to deliver electric pulses equidistantly generated by said actuator (27) at rotation of the output spindle (12) .
3. Power nutrunner according to claim 2, wherein the power transmitting gearing (18) comprises an angle gearing with a bevel gear (21) carried on the output spindle (12), and said actuator (27) is carried on the bevel gear (21) .
4. Power nutrunner according to anyone of claims 1- 4, wherein the rotation motor is an electric motor, and an electronic power supply and control unit comprising means connected to the motor and said rotation sensing means (26,27) and arranged to determine the output torque and rotational movement of the motor, and said evaluation unit is provided in said power supply and control unit and arranged to compare the rotational movement of the motor with the rotational movement of the output spindle (12) to detect the angular lag of the output spindle (12) in relation to the motor and undesired irregularities in the rotational movement of the output spindle (12.
5. Method for determining the status of a power transmitting gearing (18) of a power nutrunner, wherein the gearing (18) is arranged to couple a rotation motor to a screw joint engaging implement via a output spindle (12), comprising the steps of
• indicating the momentary rotational movement of the output spindle (12), and
• analyzing continuously the momentary rotational movement of the output spindle (12) to detect undesirable irregularities in the rotational movement of the output spindle (12) .
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein indication of the momentary rotational movement of the output spindle (12) is performed by pulse signals equidistantly generated at rotation of the output spindle (12) .
PCT/SE2009/000095 2008-02-20 2009-02-19 Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status WO2009105008A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010547588A JP5771395B2 (en) 2008-02-20 2009-02-19 Power nutrunner with power transmission means and rotation sensing means, and method for measuring state
EP09712893.8A EP2242620B1 (en) 2008-02-20 2009-02-19 Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status
CN2009801041966A CN101939141B (en) 2008-02-20 2009-02-19 Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0800385-7 2008-02-20
SE0800385A SE532128C2 (en) 2008-02-20 2008-02-20 Nut wrench with a power transmission gear and rotation sensing means, as well as method for determining gear status

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009105008A1 true WO2009105008A1 (en) 2009-08-27

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ID=40985757

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2009/000095 WO2009105008A1 (en) 2008-02-20 2009-02-19 Power nutrunner with a power transmitting gearing and rotation sensing means and method for determining the status

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2242620B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5771395B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101939141B (en)
SE (1) SE532128C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009105008A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10160106B2 (en) 2016-04-24 2018-12-25 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Programmable tool orientation based, assembly tightening control

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102332079B1 (en) * 2013-12-27 2021-11-26 아틀라스 콥코 인더스트리얼 테크니크 에이비 Power tool
KR102570694B1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2023-08-25 아틀라스 콥코 인더스트리얼 테크니크 에이비 Power wrench with angle drive
SE1551633A1 (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-04-11 Atlas Copco Ind Technique Ab Impulse wrench rotation detection
EP3638455A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2020-04-22 Atlas Copco Industrial Technique AB Power wrench with angle drive
CN111300325B (en) * 2020-04-17 2021-09-14 湖南省东海五金工具制造有限公司 Auxiliary wrench

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US4844177A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-07-04 The Aro Corporation Torque sensing, automatic shut-off and reset clutch for toggle controlled screwdrivers, nutsetters and the like
JPH05134769A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-06-01 Teijin Seiki Co Ltd Torque control type actuator

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US4844177A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-07-04 The Aro Corporation Torque sensing, automatic shut-off and reset clutch for toggle controlled screwdrivers, nutsetters and the like
JPH05134769A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-06-01 Teijin Seiki Co Ltd Torque control type actuator

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Title
See also references of EP2242620A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10160106B2 (en) 2016-04-24 2018-12-25 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Programmable tool orientation based, assembly tightening control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2011512266A (en) 2011-04-21
EP2242620A1 (en) 2010-10-27
SE532128C2 (en) 2009-10-27
JP5771395B2 (en) 2015-08-26
EP2242620A4 (en) 2013-09-18
SE0800385L (en) 2009-08-21
EP2242620B1 (en) 2016-04-20
CN101939141A (en) 2011-01-05
CN101939141B (en) 2012-10-31

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