WO2009104577A1 - Power supply unit for moving vehicle - Google Patents
Power supply unit for moving vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104577A1 WO2009104577A1 PCT/JP2009/052637 JP2009052637W WO2009104577A1 WO 2009104577 A1 WO2009104577 A1 WO 2009104577A1 JP 2009052637 W JP2009052637 W JP 2009052637W WO 2009104577 A1 WO2009104577 A1 WO 2009104577A1
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- capacitor
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- chopper
- electric double
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile vehicle power supply device, and more particularly to a mobile vehicle power supply device that uses a battery such as a forklift as a power source.
- a rechargeable battery such as a lead battery is mounted on a mobile vehicle powered by a battery such as a battery forklift, and regenerative energy from the traveling motor is stored in the secondary battery.
- a battery such as a battery forklift
- existing batteries have poor charging efficiency with a rapidly increasing current during regeneration, and have an adverse effect on battery life.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are known as means for extending the battery life.
- a capacitor and a battery are connected in parallel, the regenerative power is charged in the capacitor to extend the battery life, and the regenerative power is effectively used.
- a regenerative current blocking die auto is connected between the battery and the DC circuit of the power converter (inverter or chopper), and the regenerative energy is stored in the capacitor, as shown in FIG.
- a chopper Ch is connected to a DC circuit, and a battery current is controlled by the chopper to store regenerative energy in the electric double layer capacitor C.
- the regenerative current that flows through the battery is blocked by a diode, because the current flows through the diode when the moving body is powering, and a loss due to the diode occurs. Therefore, when the resistance of the capacitor is large, the peak value of the battery current does not decrease. The smaller the battery current peak value, the longer the battery life, which is contrary to the extension of the battery life.
- the allowable voltage of the inverter has no margin with respect to the battery voltage, and thus it is necessary to increase the capacity of the capacitor.
- Energy to be stored 0.5 * capacity * (capacitor maximum voltage 2 -capacitor minimum voltage 2 )
- the capacitance of the capacitor can be reduced by using the capacitor at a high voltage, but the resistance is increased and the loss is increased by reducing the number of parallel capacitors.
- Patent Document 1 when the configurations of FIGS. 2 and 3 are adopted, when regenerative power from the motor is charged to the capacitor, if the regenerative energy is large or regenerative braking continues for a long time, the capacitor voltage increases greatly. Therefore, there is a risk that the upper limit of the rated value of the inverter or capacitor will be damaged and the AC motor may be damaged.
- Patent Document 2 since the capacitor and the battery are connected in parallel, the voltage fluctuation of the battery is basically small, and the capacitor does not exceed the rated upper limit voltage. However, since the capacitor and the battery are connected in parallel, the rate of regenerative energy stored in the capacitor is inversely proportional to the capacitor and battery resistance, and the stored energy decreases when the capacitor resistance is large. . In addition, it is necessary to set the time constants T1 and T2 of the capacitor and the battery including the wiring inductance based on the maximum overcurrent. In-vehicle power supplies are difficult to use due to restrictions on circuit layout.
- Patent Document 3 as in Patent Document 1, when a capacitor is charged with regenerative power, the increase in the capacitor voltage increases and exceeds the rated upper limit of the inverter and the capacitor, resulting in damage to the AC motor. I have a fear.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 6-270695 which is a public patent gazette in Japan Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-315109, which is a public patent gazette in Japan Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-219656, which is a public patent gazette in Japan
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a mobile vehicle that can reduce the capacity of an expensive electric double layer capacitor and can be miniaturized.
- an inverter connected to a battery and capable of regenerative operation, a motor connected via the inverter, a chopper having a reactor and a switching element connected to a DC circuit of the battery,
- a mobile vehicle power supply device comprising an electric double layer capacitor connected to the chopper, A differentiating unit for detecting the battery voltage and differentiating the detected voltage; a current component calculating unit for executing a multiplication of a differential signal by the differentiating unit and a coefficient for realizing a desired capacitor current for the electric double layer capacitor; A difference signal between the current command output from the current component calculation unit and the detected current flowing through the chopper is obtained, and a gate signal corresponding to the difference signal is generated to control the chopper.
- a plurality of switching elements of the chopper are used for charging / discharging, and the sign of the current command I L * output from the current component calculation unit is determined, and when I L * ⁇ 0 Only the switching element for charging the electric double layer capacitor is controlled to be switched, and when I L * ⁇ 0, only the switching element for discharging the electric double layer capacitor is controlled to be switched.
- a value obtained by multiplying the differential value of the battery voltage V B by the capacity Cs is set as the calculation setting I L * .
- the chopper current I L is caused to perform an operation equivalent to a capacitor current when an electric double layer capacitor having a capacity Cs and an internal resistance 0 is directly connected in parallel to the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a chopper control circuit showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
- an inverter INV capable of regenerative operation is connected to the battery B as in FIG. 4, and the motor M is controlled via this inverter.
- Ch is a chopper, which has a reactor L and switching elements S1 and S2, and an electric double layer capacitor C is connected to the chopper Ch to constitute a regenerative current storage unit RA.
- 1 is a voltage detector for detecting battery voltage
- 2 is a low-pass filter
- the battery voltage V B detected by the detector 1 is subjected to noise removal processing by the low-pass filter 2 and then differentiated by the differentiating means 3.
- the Reference numeral 4 denotes a current command calculation unit, and in order to realize an ideal large-capacity capacitor current inflow to the electric double layer capacitor C, the current command calculation unit 4 performs multiplication of the differential value and the capacitance Cs.
- the capacity Cs is a capacitor capacity for realizing inflow of a large capacity capacitor current ideal for the electric double layer capacitor C, and is arbitrarily set.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a subtraction unit that performs a difference calculation between the output of the current command calculation unit 4 and the current flowing into the regenerative current accumulation unit RA detected by the current detector 6.
- the difference signal is input to the current control unit 7 as a current command value that flows into the regenerative current value accumulation unit RA, and the current control unit 7 executes a PI calculation according to the current command value, generates a gate signal by PWM, and generates a chopper Ch. Perform on / off control.
- the chopper current I L detected by the current detector 6 is used as a detection value applied to the current control.
- the electric double layer capacitor C has zero internal resistance and an ideal large-capacity capacitor Cs value (> C), and the electric double-layer capacitor having the large-capacitance capacitor Cs directly It is assumed that the battery B is connected in parallel.
- the current I S to the electric double layer capacitor at that time is calculated, and this is used as the current command I L * of the chopper Ch.
- the electric double layer capacitor C having the capacity Cs is obtained, and the one having this capacity Cs is obtained. An operation equivalent to that connected directly in parallel to the battery B is realized.
- the current I S flowing through the ideal electric double layer capacitor having the capacity Cs may be obtained by multiplying the differential component of the battery voltage V B by the capacity Cs as shown in the equation (1). Execute.
- FIG. 2 shows a simulation result when power running and regeneration are performed alternately. It can be seen that the peak value of the battery current during power running is effectively suppressed and the current is flat.
- the electric double layer capacitor C since the electric double layer capacitor C has a small capacitance and an equivalent large capacitance is connected, it is possible to reduce the size of the expensive electric double layer capacitor, which is cost effective. It is also advantageous.
- the relationship between current and voltage can be set as an ideal capacitor as shown in equation (1), the internal resistance of the capacitor can be equivalently set to 0. Current does not become difficult to flow.
- FIG. 3 shows the second embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that a gate signal generator 8 is provided on the output side of the current controller 7, It is the same.
- the gate signal creation unit 8 includes a determination unit 81, a first gate circuit 82, and a second gate circuit 83.
- the switching elements S1 and S2 are not alternately switched. Only the switching element on one side according to the charging / discharging state of the electric double layer capacitor C is used. On-off control is performed.
- the calculated current command I L * for the chopper calculated by the current command calculation unit 4 is input to the determination unit 81 to determine whether or not it is greater than zero.
- the switching control of only one side of the two switching elements is performed based on the calculated current command value.
- the switching loss can be further suppressed as compared with the first embodiment.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
When an electric double layer capacitor is connected, as a means for absorbing regenerative power of a power supply unit for a moving vehicle, in parallel with a power converting section, peak value of battery current increases because the resistance of the capacitor is high as compared with the resistance of a battery and the lifetime of the battery is influenced adversely. The battery voltage is detected and differentiated. A differential signal is multiplied by a factor for realizing a desired capacitor current of the electric double layer capacitor to create a current command. A difference signal between the current command and a detection current flowing through a chopper is determined and the chopper is controlled by a gate signal according to the difference signal, thereby reducing the capacity of the electric double layer capacitor and realizing a control equivalent to a case where a capacitor of large capacity is connected.
Description
本発明は移動車用電源装置に係り、特にフォークリフトなどバッテリーを電源とする移動車用電源装置に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a mobile vehicle power supply device, and more particularly to a mobile vehicle power supply device that uses a battery such as a forklift as a power source.
バッテリーフォークリフトなどのようなバッテリーを電源とする移動車両には鉛バッテリーなどの二次電池が搭載されており、走行モータからの回生エネルギーを二次電池に蓄えるようなっている。しかし、現存するバッテリーでは回生時の急激に増大する電流での充電効率が悪く、また、電池寿命に悪影響を与えている。
A rechargeable battery such as a lead battery is mounted on a mobile vehicle powered by a battery such as a battery forklift, and regenerative energy from the traveling motor is stored in the secondary battery. However, existing batteries have poor charging efficiency with a rapidly increasing current during regeneration, and have an adverse effect on battery life.
このため、電池寿命を延ばす手段として特許文献１乃至３が公知となっている。
これらは、キャパシタとバッテリーとを並列に接続し、回生電力をキャパシタに充電させてバッテリー寿命を延ばすと共に、回生電力の有効利用を図ったものである。 For this reason,Patent Documents 1 to 3 are known as means for extending the battery life.
In these, a capacitor and a battery are connected in parallel, the regenerative power is charged in the capacitor to extend the battery life, and the regenerative power is effectively used.
これらは、キャパシタとバッテリーとを並列に接続し、回生電力をキャパシタに充電させてバッテリー寿命を延ばすと共に、回生電力の有効利用を図ったものである。 For this reason,
In these, a capacitor and a battery are connected in parallel, the regenerative power is charged in the capacitor to extend the battery life, and the regenerative power is effectively used.
一般に、バッテリー寿命を延ばすための手法としては、バッテリーと電力変換部（インバータやチョッパー）の直流回路間に、回生電流阻止用のダイオートを接続し、回生エネルギーをキャパシタに蓄える手法と、図４で示すように直流回路にチョッパーＣｈを接続し、このチョッパーによってバッテリー電流を制御して電気二重層キャパシタＣに回生エネルギーを蓄える手法が採られている。
In general, as a method for extending the battery life, a regenerative current blocking die auto is connected between the battery and the DC circuit of the power converter (inverter or chopper), and the regenerative energy is stored in the capacitor, as shown in FIG. As shown, a chopper Ch is connected to a DC circuit, and a battery current is controlled by the chopper to store regenerative energy in the electric double layer capacitor C.
前者のバッテリーに流れる回生電流をダイオードで阻止する手法は、移動体の力行時にダイオードを通して電流が流れるためにダイオードによる損失が発生し、また、回生から力行に変化したとき、バッテリーとキャパシタの電流分担がそれぞれの抵抗によって決まるので、キャパシタの抵抗が大きいと、バッテリー電流のピーク値が小さくならない。このバッテリー電流のピーク値は小さい方がバッテリー寿命が延びることから、バッテリー寿命を延ばすことと反することになる。
通常、電力変換部としてインバータを使用した場合、インバータの許容電圧はバッテリー電圧に対して余裕がないため、キャパシタの容量を大きくする必要がある。
蓄えるエネルギー＝０．５＊容量＊（キャパシタ最高電圧2－キャパシタ最低電圧2）
となり、電圧差が大きい方がエネルギーをより多く蓄えられる。 In the former method, the regenerative current that flows through the battery is blocked by a diode, because the current flows through the diode when the moving body is powering, and a loss due to the diode occurs. Therefore, when the resistance of the capacitor is large, the peak value of the battery current does not decrease. The smaller the battery current peak value, the longer the battery life, which is contrary to the extension of the battery life.
Normally, when an inverter is used as the power conversion unit, the allowable voltage of the inverter has no margin with respect to the battery voltage, and thus it is necessary to increase the capacity of the capacitor.
Energy to be stored = 0.5 * capacity * (capacitor maximum voltage 2 -capacitor minimum voltage 2 )
Thus, the larger the voltage difference, the more energy can be stored.
通常、電力変換部としてインバータを使用した場合、インバータの許容電圧はバッテリー電圧に対して余裕がないため、キャパシタの容量を大きくする必要がある。
蓄えるエネルギー＝０．５＊容量＊（キャパシタ最高電圧2－キャパシタ最低電圧2）
となり、電圧差が大きい方がエネルギーをより多く蓄えられる。 In the former method, the regenerative current that flows through the battery is blocked by a diode, because the current flows through the diode when the moving body is powering, and a loss due to the diode occurs. Therefore, when the resistance of the capacitor is large, the peak value of the battery current does not decrease. The smaller the battery current peak value, the longer the battery life, which is contrary to the extension of the battery life.
Normally, when an inverter is used as the power conversion unit, the allowable voltage of the inverter has no margin with respect to the battery voltage, and thus it is necessary to increase the capacity of the capacitor.
Energy to be stored = 0.5 * capacity * (capacitor maximum voltage 2 -capacitor minimum voltage 2 )
Thus, the larger the voltage difference, the more energy can be stored.
一方、後者の図４で示すチョッパー方式の場合、キャパシタを高い電圧で使用することで、キャパシタの容量を減らせるが、キャパシタの並列数が減ることで抵抗が大きくなり、損失が増える。
On the other hand, in the case of the latter chopper method shown in FIG. 4, the capacitance of the capacitor can be reduced by using the capacitor at a high voltage, but the resistance is increased and the loss is increased by reducing the number of parallel capacitors.
なお、特許文献１では、その図２、図３の構成を採用した場合、モータからの回生電力をキャパシタに充電する際、回生エネルギーが大きい、または回生制動が長く継続するとキャパシタ電圧の上昇が大きくなり、インバータやキャパシタの定格上限を超えてそれらが破損し、交流モータの破損にまで至る虞を有している。
In Patent Document 1, when the configurations of FIGS. 2 and 3 are adopted, when regenerative power from the motor is charged to the capacitor, if the regenerative energy is large or regenerative braking continues for a long time, the capacitor voltage increases greatly. Therefore, there is a risk that the upper limit of the rated value of the inverter or capacitor will be damaged and the AC motor may be damaged.
特許文献２では、キャパシタとバッテリーとが並列接続されているので、基本的にはバッテリーの電圧変動が少なく、キャパシタが定格上限電圧を超えることはない。しかし、キャパシタとバッテリーが並列接続されていることから、キャパシタに蓄積される回生エネルギーの割合はキャパシタとバッテリー抵抗の逆比例となり、キャパシタの抵抗が大きい場合には蓄積エネルギーが少なくなるという問題がある。加えて、最大過電流に基づいて、配線インダクタンスを含めたキャパシタとバッテリー各々の時定数Ｔ１，Ｔ２を設定する必要がある。車載用電源では回路配置に制約があるため、使いづらいものとなっている。
In Patent Document 2, since the capacitor and the battery are connected in parallel, the voltage fluctuation of the battery is basically small, and the capacitor does not exceed the rated upper limit voltage. However, since the capacitor and the battery are connected in parallel, the rate of regenerative energy stored in the capacitor is inversely proportional to the capacitor and battery resistance, and the stored energy decreases when the capacitor resistance is large. . In addition, it is necessary to set the time constants T1 and T2 of the capacitor and the battery including the wiring inductance based on the maximum overcurrent. In-vehicle power supplies are difficult to use due to restrictions on circuit layout.
特許文献３は、特許文献１と同様に、回生電力によりキャパシタを充電する際、キャパシタ電圧の上昇が大きくなり、インバータやキャパシタの定格上限を超えてそれらが破損し、交流モータの破損にまで至る虞を有している。
In Patent Document 3, as in Patent Document 1, when a capacitor is charged with regenerative power, the increase in the capacitor voltage increases and exceeds the rated upper limit of the inverter and the capacitor, resulting in damage to the AC motor. I have a fear.
本発明の目的は、高価な電気二重層キャパシタの容量を減らし、小型化できる移動車両用電源装置を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a mobile vehicle that can reduce the capacity of an expensive electric double layer capacitor and can be miniaturized.
本発明の一つの観点によれば、バッテリーに接続され回生動作可能なインバータと、このインバータを介して接続されたモータと、バッテリーの直流回路に接続されて、リアクトルとスイッチング素子を有するチョッパーと、このチョッパーに接続された電気二重層キャパシタを備えた移動車両電源装置であって、
前記バッテリー電圧を検出し、検出電圧を微分する微分手段と、この微分手段による微分信号と前記電気二重層キャパシタに対する所望キャパシタ電流実現のための係数との乗算を実行する電流成分演算部と、この電流成分演算部が出力する電流指令と前記チョッパーを流れる検出電流との差信号を求め、この差信号に応じたゲート信号を生成してチョッパーを制御するよう構成したことを特徴としたものである。 According to one aspect of the present invention, an inverter connected to a battery and capable of regenerative operation, a motor connected via the inverter, a chopper having a reactor and a switching element connected to a DC circuit of the battery, A mobile vehicle power supply device comprising an electric double layer capacitor connected to the chopper,
A differentiating unit for detecting the battery voltage and differentiating the detected voltage; a current component calculating unit for executing a multiplication of a differential signal by the differentiating unit and a coefficient for realizing a desired capacitor current for the electric double layer capacitor; A difference signal between the current command output from the current component calculation unit and the detected current flowing through the chopper is obtained, and a gate signal corresponding to the difference signal is generated to control the chopper. .
前記バッテリー電圧を検出し、検出電圧を微分する微分手段と、この微分手段による微分信号と前記電気二重層キャパシタに対する所望キャパシタ電流実現のための係数との乗算を実行する電流成分演算部と、この電流成分演算部が出力する電流指令と前記チョッパーを流れる検出電流との差信号を求め、この差信号に応じたゲート信号を生成してチョッパーを制御するよう構成したことを特徴としたものである。 According to one aspect of the present invention, an inverter connected to a battery and capable of regenerative operation, a motor connected via the inverter, a chopper having a reactor and a switching element connected to a DC circuit of the battery, A mobile vehicle power supply device comprising an electric double layer capacitor connected to the chopper,
A differentiating unit for detecting the battery voltage and differentiating the detected voltage; a current component calculating unit for executing a multiplication of a differential signal by the differentiating unit and a coefficient for realizing a desired capacitor current for the electric double layer capacitor; A difference signal between the current command output from the current component calculation unit and the detected current flowing through the chopper is obtained, and a gate signal corresponding to the difference signal is generated to control the chopper. .
また、本発明の別の観点によれば、前記チョッパーのスイッチング素子を充放電用の複数とし、前記電流成分演算部が出力する電流指令ＩL
*の正負を判断し、ＩL
*≧０時には前記電気二重層キャパシタへの充電用スイッチング素子のみをスイッチング制御し、ＩL
*＜０時には電気二重層キャパシタの放電用スイッチング素子のみをスイッチング制御するよう構成したことを特徴としたものである。
According to another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of switching elements of the chopper are used for charging / discharging, and the sign of the current command I L * output from the current component calculation unit is determined, and when I L * ≧ 0 Only the switching element for charging the electric double layer capacitor is controlled to be switched, and when I L * <0, only the switching element for discharging the electric double layer capacitor is controlled to be switched.
本発明の実施形態では、バッテリー電圧ＶBの微分値に容量Ｃｓを乗算した値を演算設定ＩL
*とする。これによってチョッパー電流ＩLを、容量Ｃｓ、内部抵抗０の電気二重層キャパシタをバッテリーに直接並列接続したときのキャパシタ電流と等価な動作を実行させるようにしたものである。以下、実施例に基づいて詳述する。
In the embodiment of the present invention, a value obtained by multiplying the differential value of the battery voltage V B by the capacity Cs is set as the calculation setting I L * . As a result, the chopper current I L is caused to perform an operation equivalent to a capacitor current when an electric double layer capacitor having a capacity Cs and an internal resistance 0 is directly connected in parallel to the battery. Hereinafter, it explains in full detail based on an Example.
［実施例１］
図１は、本発明の第１の実施例を示すチョッパー制御回路のブロック図である。電源装置の主回路は、図４と同様バッテリーＢに回生動作可能なインバータＩＮＶを接続し、このインバータを介してモータＭが制御される。Ｃｈはチョッパーで、リアクトルＬとスイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２を有し、このチョッパーＣｈに電気二重層キャパシタＣが接続されて回生電流蓄積部ＲＡが構成される。１はバッテリー電圧を検出する電圧検出部、２はローパスフィルタで、検出器１により検出されたバッテリー電圧ＶBは、このローパスフィルタ２でノイズの除去処理が施された後に微分手段３により微分される。４は電流指令演算部で、電気二重層キャパシタＣに対する理想的な大容量キャパシタ電流流入を実現するために、この電流指令演算部４において微分値と容量Ｃｓとの乗算を実行する。 [Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a chopper control circuit showing a first embodiment of the present invention. In the main circuit of the power supply device, an inverter INV capable of regenerative operation is connected to the battery B as in FIG. 4, and the motor M is controlled via this inverter. Ch is a chopper, which has a reactor L and switching elements S1 and S2, and an electric double layer capacitor C is connected to the chopper Ch to constitute a regenerative current storage unit RA. 1 is a voltage detector for detecting battery voltage, 2 is a low-pass filter, and the battery voltage V B detected by thedetector 1 is subjected to noise removal processing by the low-pass filter 2 and then differentiated by the differentiating means 3. The Reference numeral 4 denotes a current command calculation unit, and in order to realize an ideal large-capacity capacitor current inflow to the electric double layer capacitor C, the current command calculation unit 4 performs multiplication of the differential value and the capacitance Cs.
図１は、本発明の第１の実施例を示すチョッパー制御回路のブロック図である。電源装置の主回路は、図４と同様バッテリーＢに回生動作可能なインバータＩＮＶを接続し、このインバータを介してモータＭが制御される。Ｃｈはチョッパーで、リアクトルＬとスイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２を有し、このチョッパーＣｈに電気二重層キャパシタＣが接続されて回生電流蓄積部ＲＡが構成される。１はバッテリー電圧を検出する電圧検出部、２はローパスフィルタで、検出器１により検出されたバッテリー電圧ＶBは、このローパスフィルタ２でノイズの除去処理が施された後に微分手段３により微分される。４は電流指令演算部で、電気二重層キャパシタＣに対する理想的な大容量キャパシタ電流流入を実現するために、この電流指令演算部４において微分値と容量Ｃｓとの乗算を実行する。 [Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a chopper control circuit showing a first embodiment of the present invention. In the main circuit of the power supply device, an inverter INV capable of regenerative operation is connected to the battery B as in FIG. 4, and the motor M is controlled via this inverter. Ch is a chopper, which has a reactor L and switching elements S1 and S2, and an electric double layer capacitor C is connected to the chopper Ch to constitute a regenerative current storage unit RA. 1 is a voltage detector for detecting battery voltage, 2 is a low-pass filter, and the battery voltage V B detected by the
容量Ｃｓは、電気二重層キャパシタＣが理想とする大容量キャパシタ電流の流入を実現するためのキャパシタ容量で、任意に設定される。５は減算部で、電流指令演算部４の出力と、電流検出器６により検出された回生電流蓄積部ＲＡに流入する電流との差演算を実行する。差信号は回生電流値蓄積部ＲＡへ流れ込む電流指令値として電流制御部７に入力され、電流制御部７では電流指令値に応じたＰＩ演算を実行し、ＰＷＭによるゲート信号を生成してチョッパーＣｈのオンオフ制御を行う。
The capacity Cs is a capacitor capacity for realizing inflow of a large capacity capacitor current ideal for the electric double layer capacitor C, and is arbitrarily set. Reference numeral 5 denotes a subtraction unit that performs a difference calculation between the output of the current command calculation unit 4 and the current flowing into the regenerative current accumulation unit RA detected by the current detector 6. The difference signal is input to the current control unit 7 as a current command value that flows into the regenerative current value accumulation unit RA, and the current control unit 7 executes a PI calculation according to the current command value, generates a gate signal by PWM, and generates a chopper Ch. Perform on / off control.
本発明では、電流制御に適用する検出値として、電流検出器6により検出したチョッパー電流ＩLを用いる。ここで、電気二重層キャパシタＣは、内部抵抗が零で、且つ理想とする大容量キャパシタＣｓ値（＞Ｃ）を有するものと仮定し、この大容量キャパシタＣｓを有する電気二重層キャパシタが、直接バッテリーＢに並列接続されているとする。その時の電気二重層キャパシタへの電流ＩSを計算し、これをチョッパーＣｈの電流指令ＩL
*とすることにより、容量Ｃｓを有した電気二重層キャパシタＣとし、この容量Ｃｓを有したものがバッテリーＢに直接並列接続されたと等価な動作を実現する。
In the present invention, the chopper current I L detected by the current detector 6 is used as a detection value applied to the current control. Here, it is assumed that the electric double layer capacitor C has zero internal resistance and an ideal large-capacity capacitor Cs value (> C), and the electric double-layer capacitor having the large-capacitance capacitor Cs directly It is assumed that the battery B is connected in parallel. The current I S to the electric double layer capacitor at that time is calculated, and this is used as the current command I L * of the chopper Ch. Thus, the electric double layer capacitor C having the capacity Cs is obtained, and the one having this capacity Cs is obtained. An operation equivalent to that connected directly in parallel to the battery B is realized.
容量Ｃｓを有する理想的な電気二重層キャパシタに流れる電流ＩSは、（１）式のように、バッテリー電圧ＶBの微分成分に容量Ｃｓを乗算すればよく、電流指令演算部４はその演算を実行する。
The current I S flowing through the ideal electric double layer capacitor having the capacity Cs may be obtained by multiplying the differential component of the battery voltage V B by the capacity Cs as shown in the equation (1). Execute.
ＩL
*＝ＩS＝Ｃｓ・ｄ／ｄｔ（ＶB）…… （１）
図２は力行と回生を交互に実施したときのシミュレーション結果を示したもので、力行時のバッテリー電流のピーク値が効果的に抑えられ、フラットな電流となっていることが分かる。 I L * = I S = Cs · d / dt (V B ) (1)
FIG. 2 shows a simulation result when power running and regeneration are performed alternately. It can be seen that the peak value of the battery current during power running is effectively suppressed and the current is flat.
図２は力行と回生を交互に実施したときのシミュレーション結果を示したもので、力行時のバッテリー電流のピーク値が効果的に抑えられ、フラットな電流となっていることが分かる。 I L * = I S = Cs · d / dt (V B ) (1)
FIG. 2 shows a simulation result when power running and regeneration are performed alternately. It can be seen that the peak value of the battery current during power running is effectively suppressed and the current is flat.
この実施例によれば、電気二重層キャパシタＣの容量を小さなキャパシタ容量で、等価的に大容量のキャパシタを接続したことになるため、高価な電気二重層キャパシタの小型化が可能となり、コスト的にも有利なものとなる。また、（１）式のように電流と電圧の関係を理想的なキャパシタとして設定できるため、等価的にキャパシタの内部抵抗を０とすることが可能となり、従来のように、電気二重層キャパシタに電流が流れ難くなることもない。
According to this embodiment, since the electric double layer capacitor C has a small capacitance and an equivalent large capacitance is connected, it is possible to reduce the size of the expensive electric double layer capacitor, which is cost effective. It is also advantageous. In addition, since the relationship between current and voltage can be set as an ideal capacitor as shown in equation (1), the internal resistance of the capacitor can be equivalently set to 0. Current does not become difficult to flow.
［実施例２］
図３は第２の実施例を示したもので、図１で示す第１の実施例との相違点は、電流制御部７の出力側にゲート信号作成部８を設けたことで、他は同様である。
ゲート信号作成部８は、判定部８１と第１のゲート回路８２、及び第２のゲート回路８３を備えている。この実施例は、チョッパーＣｈのスイッチング損失の低減を図るために、スイッチング素子Ｓ１、Ｓ２を交互にスイッチングさせるものではなく、電気二重層キャパシタＣの充放電の状況に応じて片側のスイッチング素子のみをオンオフ制御するものである。そのために、電流指令演算部４で演算されたチョッパーに対する算出電流指令ＩL *を判定部８１に入力し、０より大きいか否かを判定する。その結果、電流指令ＩL *≧０のときには第１のゲート回路８２に信号を出力し、スイッチング素子Ｓ２のみをオン制御とし、素子Ｓ１はオフ状態を維持する。また、判定部８１で、電流指令ＩL *≦０のときには第２のゲート回路８３に信号を出力し、スイッチング素子Ｓ１のみをオン制御とし、素子Ｓ２はオフ状態を維持する。 [Example 2]
FIG. 3 shows the second embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that agate signal generator 8 is provided on the output side of the current controller 7, It is the same.
The gatesignal creation unit 8 includes a determination unit 81, a first gate circuit 82, and a second gate circuit 83. In this embodiment, in order to reduce the switching loss of the chopper Ch, the switching elements S1 and S2 are not alternately switched. Only the switching element on one side according to the charging / discharging state of the electric double layer capacitor C is used. On-off control is performed. For this purpose, the calculated current command I L * for the chopper calculated by the current command calculation unit 4 is input to the determination unit 81 to determine whether or not it is greater than zero. As a result, when the current command I L * ≧ 0, a signal is output to the first gate circuit 82, only the switching element S2 is turned on, and the element S1 maintains the off state. Further, when the current command I L * ≦ 0, the determination unit 81 outputs a signal to the second gate circuit 83, turns on only the switching element S1, and keeps the element S2 in the off state.
図３は第２の実施例を示したもので、図１で示す第１の実施例との相違点は、電流制御部７の出力側にゲート信号作成部８を設けたことで、他は同様である。
ゲート信号作成部８は、判定部８１と第１のゲート回路８２、及び第２のゲート回路８３を備えている。この実施例は、チョッパーＣｈのスイッチング損失の低減を図るために、スイッチング素子Ｓ１、Ｓ２を交互にスイッチングさせるものではなく、電気二重層キャパシタＣの充放電の状況に応じて片側のスイッチング素子のみをオンオフ制御するものである。そのために、電流指令演算部４で演算されたチョッパーに対する算出電流指令ＩL *を判定部８１に入力し、０より大きいか否かを判定する。その結果、電流指令ＩL *≧０のときには第１のゲート回路８２に信号を出力し、スイッチング素子Ｓ２のみをオン制御とし、素子Ｓ１はオフ状態を維持する。また、判定部８１で、電流指令ＩL *≦０のときには第２のゲート回路８３に信号を出力し、スイッチング素子Ｓ１のみをオン制御とし、素子Ｓ２はオフ状態を維持する。 [Example 2]
FIG. 3 shows the second embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that a
The gate
チョッバーＣｈは、電気二重層キャパシタＣの充電時には昇圧チョッパーとして動作し、放電時には電位差（＝ＶEDLC－ＶB）を利用した放電となるため、この制御の動作条件は、（バッテリー電圧ＶB）＜（電気二重層キャパシタ電圧ＶEDLC）となる。
The chopper Ch operates as a step-up chopper when the electric double layer capacitor C is charged, and discharges using a potential difference (= V EDLC -V B ) when discharging. Therefore, the operating condition of this control is (battery voltage V B ) <(Electric double layer capacitor voltage V EDLC ).
この実施例によれば、チョッパー制御回路において、２つのスイッチング素子によるスイッチング損失の低減を図るために、演算された電流指令値の正負により、２つのスイッチング素子のうち、一方側のみのスイッチング制御を行うようにしたものであるから、第１の実施例と比較してさらにスイッチング損失の抑制が可能となるものである。
According to this embodiment, in the chopper control circuit, in order to reduce the switching loss by the two switching elements, the switching control of only one side of the two switching elements is performed based on the calculated current command value. As a result, the switching loss can be further suppressed as compared with the first embodiment.
以上のとおり、本実施形態によれば、小容量の電気二重層キャパシタＣで、等価的に大容量のキャパシタを接続したことになるため、高価な電気二重層キャパシタの小型化が可能となり、コスト的にも有利なものとなる。また、電流と電圧の関係を理想的なキャパシタとして設定ができるため、等価的にキャパシタの内部抵抗を０とすることが可能となり、従来のように、電気二重層キャパシタへ電流が流れ難くなることもなくなる。また、演算されたチョッパーの電流指令値の正負により、２つのスイッチング素子のうち、一方側のみのスイッチング制御を行うようことにより、さらにスイッチング損失の抑制が可能となるものである。
As described above, according to the present embodiment, since a large-capacity capacitor is equivalently connected by a small-capacity electric double layer capacitor C, an expensive electric double-layer capacitor can be reduced in size and cost. This is also advantageous. In addition, since the relationship between current and voltage can be set as an ideal capacitor, the internal resistance of the capacitor can be equivalently reduced to 0, and current does not easily flow to the electric double layer capacitor as in the past. Also disappear. Further, switching loss can be further suppressed by performing switching control on only one side of the two switching elements based on whether the calculated current command value of the chopper is positive or negative.
以上、本発明において、記載された具体例に対してのみ詳細に説明したが、本発明の技術思想の範囲で多彩な変形および修正が可能であることは、当業者にとって明白なことであり、このような変形および修正が特許請求の範囲に属することは当然のことである。
Although the present invention has been described in detail only for the specific examples described above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Such variations and modifications are naturally within the scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
- バッテリーに接続され回生動作可能なインバータと、このインバータを介して接続されたモータと、バッテリーと並列に接続され、リアクトルとスイッチング素子を有するチョッパーと、このチョッパーに接続された電気二重層キャパシタを備えた移動車両電源装置であって、
前記バッテリー電圧を検出し、検出電圧を微分する微分手段と、この微分手段による微分信号と前記電気二重層キャパシタに対する所望キャパシタ電流実現のための係数との乗算を実行する電流指令演算部と、この電流指令演算部が出力する電流指令と前記チョッパーを流れる検出電流との差信号を求め、この差信号に応じたゲート信号を生成してチョッパーを制御するよう構成したことを特徴とした移動車両用電源装置。 An inverter connected to the battery and capable of regenerative operation, a motor connected via the inverter, a chopper connected in parallel with the battery and having a reactor and a switching element, and an electric double layer capacitor connected to the chopper A mobile vehicle power supply,
A differentiating means for detecting the battery voltage and differentiating the detected voltage; a current command calculation unit for executing a multiplication of a differential signal by the differentiating means and a coefficient for realizing a desired capacitor current for the electric double layer capacitor; A mobile vehicle characterized in that a difference signal between a current command output by a current command calculation unit and a detected current flowing through the chopper is obtained, and a gate signal corresponding to the difference signal is generated to control the chopper. Power supply. - 前記チョッパーのスイッチング素子を充放電用の複数とし、前記電流指令演算部が出力する電流指令ＩL *の正負を判断し、ＩL *≧０時には前記電気二重層キャパシタへの充電用スイッチング素子のみをスイッチング制御し、 ＩL *＜０時には電気二重層キャパシタの放電用スイッチング素子のみをスイッチング制御するよう構成したことを特徴とした請求項１記載の移動車両用電源装置。 A plurality of switching elements of the chopper are used for charging / discharging, and whether the current command I L * output from the current command calculation unit is determined. When I L * ≧ 0, only the switching element for charging the electric double layer capacitor The power supply device for a mobile vehicle according to claim 1, wherein switching control is performed for only the discharge switching element of the electric double layer capacitor when I L * <0.
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| JP2008-038306 | 2008-02-20 | ||
| JP2008038306A JP5012555B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Power supply for mobile vehicles |
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| JP5169765B2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2013-03-27 | 株式会社明電舎 | DC power supply control method and mobile vehicle using the DC power supply control method |
| JP5420080B2 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-02-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power converter |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04271209A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-28 | Hino Motors Ltd | Power supply regulation circuit for vehicle |
| JPH06292305A (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-10-18 | Aqueous Res:Kk | Power source for drive motor |
| JPH10271611A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-09 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | Power supply system for electric vehicle |
| JP2002320302A (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Power unit |
-
2008
- 2008-02-20 JP JP2008038306A patent/JP5012555B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-02-17 WO PCT/JP2009/052637 patent/WO2009104577A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04271209A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-28 | Hino Motors Ltd | Power supply regulation circuit for vehicle |
| JPH06292305A (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-10-18 | Aqueous Res:Kk | Power source for drive motor |
| JPH10271611A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-09 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | Power supply system for electric vehicle |
| JP2002320302A (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Power unit |
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