WO2009104261A1 - 省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 - Google Patents
省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104261A1 WO2009104261A1 PCT/JP2008/052935 JP2008052935W WO2009104261A1 WO 2009104261 A1 WO2009104261 A1 WO 2009104261A1 JP 2008052935 W JP2008052935 W JP 2008052935W WO 2009104261 A1 WO2009104261 A1 WO 2009104261A1
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- discharge lamp
- fluorescent discharge
- tube
- fluorescent
- lamp tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
- H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
- H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
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- the present invention relates to a fluorescent discharge lamp using a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes having an inner surface of a glass tube coated with a fluorescent film. More specifically, the present invention greatly reduces power consumption and increases brightness. Provided is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that emits light and that can be used by regenerating a fluorescent discharge lamp tube that has been disposed of after the end of its lifetime.
- a light bulb that uses a tungsten wire heated to a high temperature and uses visible light accompanying thermal radiation is widely used even today because the unit price is low and a wide range of luminance can be obtained.
- the energy conversion efficiency of tungsten bulbs is 0.8%.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is attracting attention as a light source that replaces a light bulb because of its low energy conversion efficiency. Since it is said that the energy conversion efficiency of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is nominally 20%, conversion to a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is underway as an indoor and outdoor illumination light source.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that are currently attracting attention are power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that are made using glass tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less.
- the amount of light emitted from one fluorescent discharge lamp tube is proportional to the area of the fluorescent film, it is considered that the use of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a large fluorescent film area and a large tube diameter is a power saving type, but is commercially available.
- the energy-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are made using glass tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less. However, the reason for its scientific explanation cannot be found in published scientific papers or discharge handbooks.
- the phosphor powder that emits light with ultraviolet rays has a small number of Clarke indicating the presence of resources (abundance ratio is 0.003% or less) and low concentration (5% by weight or less) in the scattered sand particles.
- the very rare earth elements obtained by concentrating and refining the rare earth elements present in (1) by chemical methods are used as raw materials. Since one type of phosphor powder cannot produce white, phosphor films that individually produce phosphor powders that emit light in three colors, mechanically mix the phosphor powders, and apply phosphor powders that emit white light are applied. Is used.
- the fluorescent film used in the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube (diameter 30 mm) emits white light alone, and the resource-rich calcium halophosphate [3Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 CaFCl: Sb 3+ : Mn 2 + ] Although it is a phosphor, this phosphor film does not use a calcium halophosphate phosphor in a power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tube in accordance with the rule of thumb that a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a diameter of 20 mm or less does not emit light. Fluorescent films using rare earths are selected because they are fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less, and emit light brighter than the brightness of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with a diameter of 30 mm. But no one has given that scientific basis.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp that is bent a number of times in a linear fluorescent discharge lamp glass tube having a diameter of 10 mm or bent in a spiral shape and stored in a bulb-type glass bulb is called a power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp and is commercially available.
- the official power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is the power consumption of the lighting lamp alone, and does not include the power consumption of the power supply circuit necessary for lighting.
- the actual power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp is about 2 of the display power. Tripled.
- the actual power consumption of a nominal 12 watt power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp is 25 to 35 watts. It is not known why the actual power consumption varies from manufacturer to manufacturer even though the nominal wattage is the same. In order to make the reduction of power consumption a problem, this actual power consumption should be a problem.
- Fluorescent discharge lamp tubes currently on the market are metal electrodes (cathode and anode) that are placed in glass tubes and play the role of electron emission and electron collection, argon (Ar) gas and mercury (Hg) drops as discharge gas, And it has a simple structure including a fluorescent film coated on the inner wall surface of the tube with an appropriate thickness. It is inelastic collision of gas atoms by electrons moving in the gas space with kinetic energy that causes the gas to be discharged by the fluorescent discharge lamp tube based on this structure.
- HCFL hot cathode fluorescent discharge lamp
- first generation electron source that uses thermionic emission as discovered by Edison (1884) as a means of supplying electrons to a gas space in vacuum or low pressure
- second generation electron source was developed, and a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) using a metal electrode ) Exists in the market.
- CCFL is used for fluorescent lamps with a tube diameter of 5 mm or less
- HCFL is used for fluorescent lamps with a diameter of 10 mm or more.
- the HCFL and CCFL are not used in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube when the above electrodes are installed at both ends of the discharge tube of the tube.
- the cathode and the anode There is no distinction between the cathode and the anode, and the same phenomenon occurs at the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- gas discharge limited to a half cycle of alternating current a distinction occurs between the cathode and the anode.
- the discharge phenomenon of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is a phenomenon that appears in a half cycle of alternating current.
- a typical example of the discharge in a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is that electrons emitted from the cathode move in one direction by the electric field (one direction) between the cathode and the anode and collide with gas atoms to generate a gas discharge.
- the probability that an electron traveling in one direction encounters a gas atom can be calculated by determining the number of gas atoms present in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the number of moles of gas atoms in the tube, the Avogadro number, the volume of the discharge tube and the volume of electrons moving in one direction can be calculated, and the probability that electrons traveling in one direction collide with gas atoms can be calculated. No calculations were made.
- the probability that an electron encounters a gas atom is one for a 1000 m movement. Since the length of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is shorter than 1 m, electrons accelerated by a unidirectional electric field between the cathode and the anode in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube cannot collide with gas atoms, and therefore the gas atoms do not emit light. Thus, an error that did not clarify the basics important in examining the discharge mechanism of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube was made. The movement of electrons should not be examined during one period of high frequency, but how the electrons move in the electric field of the high frequency electric field.
- the third generation electron source can be made in two ways, and the effect of both is the same.
- the first method is a phosphor particle layer insulated internal electrode in which phosphor particles are applied to a metal internal electrode in an appropriate thickness.
- the second method is a fluorescent discharge lamp tube made without using a metal internal electrode, which is realized by attaching an external electrode to the outer wall of the glass tube where the fluorescent film is located. This is called an electrode.
- a phosphor particle layer is formed on the inner surface of the glass tube facing the external electrode.
- the surface of the metal electrode is electrically insulated from the discharge space.
- the electrodes are collectively referred to as a discharge space insulation type electrode. The reason why a third generation electron source can be produced is as follows.
- the phosphor particles under the influence of the electric field from the electrodes are dielectrically polarized.
- the potential due to the charge in the dielectrically polarized particles is higher than the electrode potential.
- Free electrons and free cations produced by ionization of the discharge gas are individually collected on the surface of the tip of the dielectrically polarized particle at a high potential. That is, if the electrode is positive, the phosphor particle layer is negatively positively dielectrically polarized, and the free electrons are accumulated on the surface of the positively charged high potential. If the electrode is negative, the phosphor particle layer is dielectrically polarized positively and negatively, and the free cations are accumulated on the surface of the negatively charged high potential.
- the electrons and cations collected in the gas spaces at the individual locations are used as the third generation electron source and the electron collection source (cation source), respectively.
- repeated inelastic collisions by the same electrons occur 5 ⁇ 10 5 times per unit time, and one electron collides with 5 ⁇ 10 5 gas atoms inelastically.
- the electrons that have reached the electron collection source (cation source) recombine with the cations and return to the gas atoms.
- Resource saving is also an important factor when lighting fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the problem of resource saving relates to the time (life) that can be lit.
- the sputtering of the metal electrode and the adsorption of the residual gas on the surface of the fluorescent film, which have determined the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are eliminated.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp tube that has a semi-permanent lighting life an initial luminance of 2,000,000 hours or more
- the lifetime of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a conventional metal electrode is about 2000 hours.
- the accelerated cations collide with a minute area of the metal surface, and the local area of the metal electrode is heated to a high temperature at which the metal evaporates. As a result, evaporation (sputtering) of the metal electrode occurs. Since the evaporated metal atoms adhere on the fluorescent film, the fluorescent film around the electrode becomes black with time. The evaporation of the metal electrode due to cation collisions determines the life of the HCFL and CCFL fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and the life of defective lighting is around 2000 hours.
- PCT / JP2007 / 70431 (prior application of the present inventor)
- PCT / JP2007 / 74829 (prior application of the present inventor)
- JP-A-6-324384 JP-A-8-171353 JP 2000-188008 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-6815 Journal Physics D Applied Physics, 32, (1999), pp 513-517
- the brightness per fluorescent discharge lamp tube is not sufficient to illuminate a home room with comfortable illuminance.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a housing having a front surface opened and a reflector provided on the rear surface, and a number of U-shaped fluorescent discharge lamps disposed between the front surface and the rear surface of the housing.
- a lighting device having a tube is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses an electric signboard in which letters and designs are provided on a translucent signboard surface and a plurality of fluorescent lamps are arranged on the back side thereof. Each fluorescent lamp has an emission color such as white, red, yellow, green, and blue, and is an electric signboard that is controlled to blink by appropriately switching the fluorescent lamp.
- the drawing shows that eight fluorescent lamps are arranged vertically in an octagonal shape, but because they are switched on, power costs are reduced by using fluorescent lamps compared to neon signs. That is, when eight lights are turned on at the same time in order to increase the luminance, this means that the power consumption is eight times that of using one, and no measures for improving the power consumption of the simultaneous lights are taken.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a main body having an opening that is inclined obliquely downward, a reflector that is installed in the main body that covers the opening, and a planar arrangement that is disposed in the opening in front of the reflector.
- a lighting fixture comprising a plurality of fluorescent lamps is disclosed. It is described that each fluorescent lamp is mounted in each socket, and lighting control is performed two by two. When the lights are turned on at the same time, the power consumption is proportional to the number of the lights. Therefore, the lighting control is performed for every two lights, and no measures are taken against the sudden increase in power when all the lights are turned on at the same time.
- the object of the present invention is to study the condition that the total power consumption ⁇ one power consumption ⁇ the number of tubes even in the simultaneous lighting of a plurality of lamps, and to reduce the power consumption (including the lighting circuit) of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the first embodiment of the present invention is a bundle in which the tube axes of a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes in which a fluorescent film for light emission is formed on the inner surface are parallel.
- Fluorescent discharge lamp tube groups arranged in a row, spacers that separate adjacent fluorescent discharge lamp tubes by a predetermined distance, and parallel connection portions at both ends that electrically connect individual electrodes of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube groups
- the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are composed of discharge space insulating electrodes electrically insulated from the internal discharge space, and when a high frequency voltage is applied to the parallel connection portions at both ends
- the discharge gas existing inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is ionized into electrons and cations, and a third generation electron source (also simply referred to as an electron source) and a cation source are formed in the vicinity of the discharge space insulating electrode.
- the electrons from the third generation electron source are And emission collide with the discharge gas in the process of advancing the ion source, yet it is integrated fluorescent lamp for lighting the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group simultaneously.
- a heat retention tube that interpolates the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group and blocks heat radiation to the outside is arranged on the outermost periphery, and both ends of the heat retention tube or It is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp provided with a heat retaining end that closes an opening at one end.
- the discharge space insulating electrode of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube includes an external electrode disposed outside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which the external electrode is electrically insulated from the internal discharge space, and a phosphor particle layer is formed on the inner surface of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube facing the external electrode.
- the discharge space insulating electrode of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube includes an internal electrode disposed inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and a surface of the internal electrode. And an internal fluorescent discharge lamp in which the internal electrode is electrically insulated from the discharge space by the electrical insulation of the phosphor particle layer.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group includes a center tube and an outer tube layer disposed on an outer periphery of the center tube.
- This is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which one or more tube layers are arranged.
- the sixth aspect of the present invention is the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp according to the fifth aspect, wherein the central tube and the outer peripheral tube are set to have a smaller tube diameter in the radially outward direction.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is the integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the power consumption of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp satisfies the total inequality power consumption ⁇ single power consumption ⁇ number inequality. It is a discharge lamp.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the fluorescent discharge lamp tube constituting the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group has a diameter of 10 mm or less.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp has an outer diameter in the range of 20 mm to 60 mm, and the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp has a length of 10 cm to It is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in the range of 300 cm.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube has a shape having a diameter of 10 mm or less and a length of 200 mm or less
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is a base.
- the power supply for driving is stored in a power supply storage formed between the substrate and the base, and the overall shape is formed into a light bulb shape so that the base can be attached to and detached from the light bulb type socket. It is an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that is mounted and lit.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode whose life has been exhausted is used as the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and the external electrode is provided on the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with the internal electrode.
- the PL phosphor particles and the CL phosphor particles are alternately dispersed and arranged in the tube axis direction on the surface of the phosphor film.
- Type fluorescent discharge lamp in any one of the first to tenth aspects, the PL phosphor particles and the CL phosphor particles are alternately dispersed and arranged in the tube axis direction on the surface of the phosphor film.
- a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is the fluorescent discharge lamp tube according to the twelfth embodiment, wherein the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder.
- a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the fluorescent discharge lamp tube according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of a calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder and a CL phosphor powder emitting a low electron beam.
- a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the fluorescent discharge lamp tube according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of a rare earth PL phosphor powder and a CL phosphor powder emitting low electron beam.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group arranged in a bundle with the tube axes of the plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes having the fluorescent film for light emission formed on the inner surface in parallel, and the adjacent fluorescent lamps Since it is composed of a spacer that separates the discharge lamp tubes from each other by a predetermined distance, the heat generated from each fluorescent discharge lamp tube mutually keeps the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes together, and this heat retention effect significantly increases the fluorescence luminance. Succeeded. Such a heat retaining effect is not seen in the conventional flat-disposed fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and is achieved for the first time by the bundled arrangement of the present invention.
- each fluorescent discharge lamp tube can always be maintained at an optimum temperature of 40 ° C. to 45 ° C., and the vapor pressure of mercury gas in the tube can be constantly maintained. Therefore, high-luminance emission can be achieved.
- heat radiation from the tube surface to the outside air is promoted, and the mercury vapor pressure is lowered due to a decrease in the tube temperature, resulting in a decrease in luminance.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube using the metal internal electrode consumes extremely high power, resulting in an increase in power consumption.
- a plurality of bundled arrangements according to the present invention increase the heat retention effect and enable high luminance light emission.
- the power consumption can be reduced and the problem of power consumption can be solved at once to achieve power saving and high brightness emission at the same time.
- Electric light can be realized. Since the adjacent fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are separated from each other by a predetermined distance by the spacer, the emitted light is emitted to the outside from the gap between the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and they are superimposed to emit light with higher brightness. Can do.
- the size of the gap between the fluorescent tubes formed by the spacer can be freely adjusted depending on the size of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, but in the normal case, it is in the range of 1 mm to 2 cm. It is suitable from the heat retention effect and the radiation emission effect.
- the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are composed of discharge space insulation type electrodes that are electrically insulated from the internal discharge space, there is no injection of electrons into the discharge space from the metal electrode. The electrode voltage drop caused by the injection disappeared, and the useless power consumption accompanying the electrode voltage drop was successfully exhausted. In addition, since there is no electron injection, there is no sputtering phenomenon caused by collision of cations with metal electrodes, and electrode wear is exhausted and the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is extended.
- Electrons that drive the discharge light emission are generated by ionization of the discharge gas by applying a high-frequency voltage, and the generated electrons and cations are accumulated by electric force in the vicinity of the discharge space insulation type electrode, and a third generation electron source ( Simply referred to as an electron source) and a cation source.
- the present inventor refers to this electron source as a third generation electron source, collides with a discharge gas in the process of electrons moving from the third generation electron source to the cation source, and emits light. Return to the electrically neutral discharge gas. Moreover, the cycle of ionizing, emitting light, and neutralizing the gas again is repeated.
- the current detected on the input side of the power circuit is a current required to form a high frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the size is independent of the diameter of the discharge lamp tube and the length of the discharge lamp tube, and the value of the detected current is determined only by the physical properties of the fluorescent film, and the value varies depending on the physical properties of the fluorescent film in the range of 0.1A to 1A.
- the electric power that forms the high-frequency electric field is independent of the luminance of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and determines the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the electrons involved in the light emission of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are electrons taken out from the third generation electron source into the high frequency electric field, and the amount thereof is 1 mA at the maximum, and is less than 1 / 1,000 of the current (1A) required for forming the high frequency electric field. Therefore, the contribution of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube to the power consumption can be ignored.
- the luminance of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube depends on the heat retaining effect, and the relationship with the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is small.
- the inventors have been able to provide a fluorescent discharge lamp that extremely reduces power consumption through a new discovery that modifies conventional common sense from the basics.
- the discharge space insulation type electrode a group of fluorescent discharge lamps made of the same fluorescent film is arranged in a bundle, and each fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged in a bundle is formed.
- the electric power for forming the high frequency electric field in all the tubes of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group is significantly reduced. That is, it is a discovery of the fact that the power consumption required for lighting a fluorescent discharge lamp is significantly reduced when the fluorescent discharge lamps are arranged in a bundle and integrated.
- the consumption of the single fluorescent discharge lamp tube The power is w watts.
- a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes (n) made of the same type of fluorescent film are arranged in a bundle in the vicinity of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the same strength is provided in all the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes arranged in a bundle (integrated type).
- a high frequency electric field is induced.
- the power consumption W required to form a high-frequency electric field in all of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes is obtained by adding 1 watt to the supply power of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube used in the experiment.
- the relationship W n + w is established regardless of the tube diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and the tube length of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the phosphor film becomes an electron-emitting phosphor particle and a light-emitting phosphor particle
- the luminance from the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is as many as the integrated number of the luminance of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a discharge space insulating electrode attached thereto.
- An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp with high luminance and extremely low power consumption (W n + w) can be obtained.
- the heat retaining tube that interrupts the heat radiation to the outside by interpolating the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group is disposed on the outermost periphery, the heat radiation to the surrounding space is blocked by the heat retaining tube, The heat insulation effect was accelerated, and the heat retention effect inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube was increased, and the luminance was successfully increased. Moreover, it has succeeded in rapidly reducing the power consumption by the discharge space insulation type electrode.
- a glass tube is optimal as the heat insulating tube, but a transparent plastic tube may be used, and a material satisfying both the light transmitting property and the heat insulating property can be appropriately used.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp provided with a heat insulating end portion that closes the openings at both ends or one end of the heat insulating tube as required.
- heat dissipation from the upper and lower openings is still present, but by closing the one end opening or both end openings by the heat insulation end, the heat insulation effect is increased and the luminance is increased. Further reduction in power consumption can be realized.
- Glass or transparent plastic may be used as the material for the heat insulation edge, but if light transmission from the heat insulation edge is unnecessary, colored plastic, ceramics and other materials that are heat-impermeable and heat-insulating can be used. Available.
- the luminance from a given fluorescent discharge lamp tube depends on the amount of ultraviolet rays applied to the fluorescent film. It is mercury vapor that radiates ultraviolet rays in a fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the amount of mercury vapor in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the discharge gas temperature, and the optimum temperature is in the temperature range of 40 ° C to 45 ° C. Since the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is normally installed and lit, the outer wall of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is in contact with the cold room air (22 ° C.), so the heated air around the fluorescent discharge lamp tube Convection due to cold air occurs and the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is cooled. In order to keep the equilibrium temperature of the gas in the cooled fluorescent discharge lamp tube in the temperature range of 40 ° C. to 45 ° C.
- a high temperature heat source is provided in the discharge gas in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the heat source in the discharge gas uses the heat generated by entropy change when the atoms emit electrons into the vacuum space by ionization of the gas due to inelastic collision of electrons. Heating the gas to a high temperature by ionization is a waste of energy.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube should not be in direct contact with air.
- the heat insulating tube of this embodiment fulfills that purpose.
- the discharge space insulation type electrode of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is composed of an external electrode arranged outside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the external electrode is internally discharged by a glass tube. It is electrically isolated from the space, and wasteful power consumption can be eliminated by exhausting the complete electrode voltage drop. In addition, there is no electron injection from the electrode, electrode wear due to sputtering is completely exhausted, and a long life can be realized. Further, since the phosphor particle layer is formed on the inner surface of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube facing the external electrode, a third generation electron source is formed in the vicinity of the phosphor particle layer by dielectric polarization of the phosphor particle layer. And a positive ion source can be formed reliably.
- the discharge space insulation type electrode of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube includes an internal electrode disposed inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and a phosphor coated on the surface of the internal electrode. Since it consists of a particle layer, the internal electrode is electrically insulated from the discharge space by the electrical insulating property of the phosphor particle layer. Therefore, useless power consumption can be eliminated by exhausting the electrode voltage drop, electron injection from the electrode is completely eliminated, electrode wear due to sputtering is completely exhausted, and a long life can be realized. At the same time, the third generation electron source and cation source can be reliably formed in the vicinity of the phosphor particle layer by the dielectric polarization of the phosphor particle layer.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group is composed of a central tube and an outer peripheral tube layer disposed on the outer periphery of the central tube, so between the central tube and the plurality of outer peripheral tubes, And the heat retention effect is enhanced between the outer peripheral tubes.
- the outer tube layer is a single layer, it can be further multiplexed with two or three layers, and the light emission intensity and the heat retaining effect are further increased by the multiplexing.
- Both the central tube and the outer tube are fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and the outer tube is often composed of three or more fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the central tube and the outer peripheral tube are set to have small tube diameters in the radially outward direction, the size of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp as a whole can be freely adjusted.
- a large-diameter central tube, a medium-diameter outer peripheral tube, and a small-diameter outer peripheral tube can be formed as going outward.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention it is possible to provide an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which the power consumption of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp satisfies the total number power consumption ⁇ single power consumption ⁇ number inequality.
- the use of the third generation electron source establishes the inequality of total power consumption (W) ⁇ single power consumption (w) ⁇ number (n).
- parameters a and b vary depending on the size of the spacer, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, and this change depends on the heat retention characteristics of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp. However, as long as there is a heat retention effect of the present invention, W ⁇ w ⁇ n is always established, and the power consumption can be reduced by the difference in power consumption.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which the diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube constituting the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group is 10 mm or less.
- the diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be freely adjusted, and there is no restriction that the diameter is 10 mm or more in the HCFL method and the diameter is 10 mm or less in the CCFL method as in the prior art. . Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to produce a thin tube or a fine tube, and it is possible to produce a small and compact integrated fluorescent discharge lamp using a thin tube or a fine tube having a diameter of 10 mm or less.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp has an outer diameter in the range of 20 mm to 60 mm, and the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp has a length in the range of 10 cm to 300 cm.
- the diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be freely adjusted, and the length thereof can be freely changed. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a small-sized to large-sized integrated fluorescent discharge lamp having an outer diameter in the range of 20 mm to 60 mm and a length in the range of 10 cm to 300 cm.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube has a shape with a diameter of 10 mm or less and a length of 200 mm or less, a normal bulb-type fluorescent discharge lamp can be configured.
- the diameter of the bulb depends on the number of fluorescent discharge lamps.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is disposed on a substrate with a base, and a driving power source is stored in a power supply storage formed between the substrate and the base, and the overall shape is formed into a bulb shape. Since the base is detachably attached to the bulb-type socket so as to be lit, a bulb-shaped high-intensity low-power integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be provided, which can be widely used as a general household or business bulb. .
- an integrated fluorescent lamp in which a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode whose lifetime has expired is reused as the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and the external electrode is provided on the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with the internal electrode.
- Conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with internal electrodes whose lifetime has been exhausted are mostly those in which the internal electrodes are worn by sputtering, in which case the discharge gas does not leak and is healthy.
- the external electrode system of the present invention can be driven as a fluorescent tube if a discharge gas exists in the discharge space.
- an external electrode is provided on the outer periphery of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode that has reached the end of its life, it can be regenerated as a fluorescent tube.
- the number of fluorescent tubes discarded in Japan and the world is almost innumerable, and if these fluorescent tubes are used in the present invention, an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that is extremely inexpensive, environmentally friendly and saves resources is saved. Can be provided.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are alternately dispersed on the surface of the phosphor film in the tube axis direction. Since PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are alternately dispersed in the glass tube axis direction, a fluorescent discharge lamp tube capable of rapid lighting and light emission in the entire region of the glass tube can be realized.
- a light emitting phosphor (PL phosphor) exists as a phosphor particle having a negative charge.
- Electrons are trapped in the impurities present inside the particles of the light-emitting phosphor, and internal sustained polarization (PIP) is formed due to the trapped electrons, and the internally sustained polarization electrons appear on the phosphor film surface.
- PIP internal sustained polarization
- the negative charge is constituted.
- the electrons taken out from the electron source are accelerated by surface conduction on the surface of the CL phosphor film, and the orbit of the accelerated electrons is bent into a gas space by the PL phosphor particles having a negative charge on the phosphor film, A fluorescent discharge lamp tube that instantaneously discharges and discharges gas can be realized.
- the photoluminescent phosphor is disposed at a position where the accelerated electrons are to be bent, the negative charge of the photoluminescent phosphor at that position performs a bending action on the accelerated electrons.
- the magnitude of the negative charge can be variably adjusted, thereby accelerating the collision between the surface conduction electrons on the phosphor film and the discharge gas and realizing rapid lighting in the discharge space.
- the phosphor particles having no negative charge include an electron beam emitting phosphor (CL phosphor).
- the low-voltage electron-emitting phosphor has a low surface contamination, has a property of not being negatively charged, and has a property of not being charged up.
- the phosphor film having no negative charge (CL phosphor) and the negatively charged phosphor particles (PL phosphor) are alternately arranged on the surface of the phosphor film, and the acceleration is performed at a plurality of locations on the phosphor film surface.
- the fluorescent particles having the negative charge of electrons there is provided a high-efficiency fluorescent discharge lamp tube that rapidly turns on electrons to the gas space side and emits light entirely.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder. If PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder are mixed and this mixed powder is applied to the inner surface of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube to form a phosphor film, PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are formed on the phosphor film surface. Appear alternately. Since the PL phosphor particles have a negative charge and the CL phosphor particles do not have a negative charge, the electron trajectory is discharged at the innumerable points where the PL phosphor particles on the phosphor film are exposed as described in the twelfth embodiment. Coulomb is turned to the space side to realize quick lighting and full lighting.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp wherein the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder emitting low electron beam.
- Use of a mixed powder of calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder that emits light under electron beam irradiation has the effect of reducing the manufacturing cost of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. That is, since the calcium halophosphate PL phosphor does not use a rare rare earth element having a low Clark number, the phosphor cost can be reduced.
- a phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface and CL phosphor powder having no negative charge on the surface, the phosphor film inevitably is formed on the surface of the phosphor film in the glass tube axis direction.
- PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are present in an infinitely dispersed manner. Conduction electrons are bent by the negative charges at the countless PL phosphor particles, and light is emitted. Since the region is the entire surface of the phosphor film, rapid lighting and light emission are possible. If inexpensive ZnO phosphor powder is used as the CL phosphor powder, further price reduction can be realized.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of rare earth PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder emitting low electron beam. Since the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of rare earth PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder, there is an effect that the manufacturing cost of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube using the rare earth phosphor film can be reduced.
- Rare earth PL phosphor powder is a high-performance PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface, but due to the recent rise in rare earth element materials, the production cost of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes using rare earth phosphor films is increasing. .
- ZnO phosphor which is a CL phosphor that is relatively inexpensive and stable, is used as the CL phosphor powder of this embodiment, it is intended to reduce the manufacturing cost of the mixed phosphor powder.
- ZnO phosphors have a very short decay time constant after being excited by ultraviolet rays until they emit light, so that they can emit light at high speed, and have a characteristic of emitting bright CL even at a low voltage of 30 V or less.
- a fluorescent film is formed from a mixed powder of rare earth PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface and ZnO phosphor powder having no negative charge on the surface, it is inevitably caused by PL fluorescence on the surface of the fluorescent film in the direction of the glass tube axis.
- the body particles and the CL phosphor particles are dispersed innumerably alternately. Conduction electrons are bent by the negative charges at the countless PL phosphor particles, and light is emitted. Since the region is the entire surface of the phosphor film, rapid lighting and light emission are possible.
- the high frequency electric field forming current does not contribute to the light emission of the fluorescent discharge lamp, but determines only the power consumption when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on.
- the gas discharge is caused by electrons from the electron source moving in the gas space due to resonance with the high frequency electric field, but this electron current has a small amount of current (1 mA or less) and is substantially necessary for lighting the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The power is not affected.
- the high-frequency electric field formed in one fluorescent discharge lamp tube is that when a plurality of the same type of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are placed around the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, a high-frequency electric field is also induced in the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes placed in the vicinity.
- the value of the current flowing in the power supply circuit connected to the electrode of the first fluorescent discharge lamp tube is only slightly increased by the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes placed in the vicinity. If the fluorescent discharge lamp tube only has a high frequency electric field, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not emit light. In order for the fluorescent discharge lamp tube to emit light, electrons must be injected into the high-frequency electric field. The conditions under which electrons can be injected into the high frequency electric field were investigated.
- the high frequency formed in the electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the high frequency formed in the electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. It varies significantly with the magnitude of the electric field.
- the magnitude of the high-frequency electric field formed in the electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is examined by monitoring the current detected on the input side of the power supply circuit. When a high frequency potential is applied to the external electrode, the current detected by the power supply circuit varies greatly depending on the contamination (charging) state of the fluorescent film. When the surface of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film is severely contaminated with fine particles of an electrical insulator, the current detected by the power source is around 1 A.
- the detection current is minimized and decreases to near 0.1A. It is difficult to light a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a detection current of 0.7 A or more. That is, when the detection current is 0.7 A or more, electrons from the third generation electron source cannot be injected into the high frequency electric field. When the detection current is 0.5 A or less, electrons can be easily injected into the high-frequency electric field formed in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. As a result, the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp lighting tube is lit.
- the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube connected in parallel is allowed to inject electrons from the third generation electron supply source into the high-frequency electric field. Is done.
- the injected electrons collide with gas atoms inelastically and discharge the gas, so that the fluorescent films of all the fluorescent discharge lamps connected in parallel emit light with uniform brightness. That is, the power consumption required for lighting a plurality of external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes connected in parallel is slightly increased as compared with the case where the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are lit alone, and only the emission intensity is parallel. It increases in proportion to the number of connected fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the optimal conditions for injecting electrons from the third generation electron source into the high frequency electric field were complicated. If there is no contamination of the electrical insulator on the phosphor particle surface, the electrons injected into the high frequency electric field selectively take the surface conduction of the phosphor film, reach the cation source and disappear. As a result, the surface conduction electrons do not collide with gas atoms, and the fluorescent discharge lamp does not emit light. If the phosphor particle surface is heavily contaminated with an electrical insulator, electrons from the third-generation electron source are subjected to Coulomb repulsion from the negative electric field of the charged charge of the contaminant, and do not enter the gas space and do not emit light. .
- the characteristics of the complex fluorescent film described above can be controlled by the following method.
- the fluorescent film of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is made by mixing a low voltage electron emission (CL) phosphor and a light emission (PL) phosphor, electrons from the third generation electron source can easily enter the phosphor film, All of the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes joined in parallel emit light with the same luminance.
- the detection current of the power supply circuit required to form a high frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is 0.5 A or less.
- the fluorescent film Since the fluorescent film has a white body color and does not absorb light with respect to visible light emitted from the fluorescent film, if a gap is provided in the bundled fluorescent discharge tube, the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube placed inside All the light emitted from the can be taken out. Since a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamps emit light only by slightly increasing the power consumption of a single fluorescent discharge lamp, an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that emits light with high power and high luminance has been developed. That is, the power consumption of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp made by integrating 10 fluorescent discharge lamp tubes is one-fifth of the power required for lighting the 10 fluorescent lamps, and only the luminance is 10 times higher.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose life has expired is relighted.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose lifetime has been exhausted is completely regenerated and emits light with the same brightness as the newly manufactured external electrode fluorescent discharge tube.
- the life of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes semi-permanent and the resource recovery cycle of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes very long.
- the use of the third generation electron source greatly contributes not only to power saving of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube but also to resource saving.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present invention in which seven fluorescent discharge lamp tubes having the same tube diameter are bundled.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp shown in FIG. 1. It is a cross-sectional block diagram of the external electrode type
- FIG. 3 is a relationship diagram of power consumption of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp and the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram between the brightness of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp and the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes according to the present invention. It is a cross-sectional block diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp having a two-layer structure comprising a large-diameter central tube and a medium-diameter outer tube.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp having a three-layer structure including a large-diameter central tube, a medium-diameter outer tube, and a small-diameter outer tube.
- 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a bulb-type integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that can be attached to and detached from a bulb socket.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of the bulb-type integrated fluorescent discharge lamp of FIG. 11. New 40-watt fluorescent discharge lamp tube (upper two) with external electrodes (wrapped with resin-coated thin copper wire) and the same 40-watt fluorescent discharge lamp tube (lower two) with exhausted life recovered from the garbage disposal site It is the lighting figure which turned on in parallel.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp in which the bundled fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are integrated can be obtained.
- Bright light emission can be obtained from the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp by a multiple of the integrated number.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a built-in metal electrode that is, a non-surface-insulated internal electrode
- power consumption is reduced. It increases by a multiple of the number of discharge lamp tubes that accumulate. This is the same as the case where the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is caused to emit light individually, and no advantage is obtained.
- high power for extracting electrons from the metal cathode is required, so that a large lighting circuit is required, so there is no practicality.
- An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that is formed by bundling a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that use a third generation electron source and connecting electrodes in parallel emits light just by slightly increasing the power required to light one lamp. The luminance increases remarkably with the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that accumulate.
- the third generation electron source can be made by the following two methods.
- the first is the same as a normal fluorescent discharge lamp tube, using a metal electrode, but covering the entire surface of the metal electrode with an insulator powder having an average diameter of several microns.
- the phosphor particles that have been put to practical use occupy crystal lattice points having an asymmetric emission center and have an average particle diameter of several microns, so that they are insulator powders suitable for powders covering metal electrodes.
- the use of other insulator powders is not prohibited.
- the maximum effect can be obtained by using an insulator powder having an average particle diameter of several microns.
- the use of a thin film or single crystal insulator is excluded because it is less effective.
- the third generation electron source supplies electrons involved in the discharge.
- the second method creates a fluorescent discharge lamp tube that does not use metal electrodes.
- the fluorescent film applied to the inner wall surface of the tube needs to be applied to the end of the tube.
- the electrodes necessary for the discharge are attached to the outer wall surface of the glass tube end of the discharge lamp.
- the third generation electron source is involved in the discharge.
- the following detailed description of the invention will be used using a fluorescent discharge lamp tube made by the second method, and this fluorescent discharge lamp tube will be referred to as an “external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube”.
- the effect of the invention is not to exclude the fluorescent discharge lamp tube using the metal electrode covered with the electric insulator powder, and a homogeneous integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be obtained.
- One of the features of using an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a built-in third-generation electron source is the miniaturization of the power circuit for lighting the discharge lamp.
- the first reason why the lighting power supply circuit can be reduced in size is that a high voltage circuit required for taking out electrons from the metal cathode electrode is unnecessary.
- the second reason is that the electrons injected into the phosphor film easily cause gas discharge, so the difficulty of lighting the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube disappears, and the large-scale and large-power-consuming gas discharge lighting electricity required for lighting There is no need to devise the circuit.
- the third reason is that the electron flow injected from the third generation electron source into the high-frequency electric field is 1 mA or less, and a small integrated circuit can be used.
- the maximum current flowing in the power supply circuit is the power required to form a high-frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and is limited to 1.0 A or less, so the volume of the power supply circuit is reduced.
- the power supply circuit of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp significantly reduces the volume of the lighting circuit of the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp (diameter 20 mm) using metal electrodes, and is reduced to one fifth or less.
- a voltage of a high-frequency power source severe kVp at 30 kHz or more
- a current that changes depending on the contamination state of the phosphor particle surface constituting the phosphor film flows to the power circuit.
- the formation of a high-frequency electric field is easy in a straight tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube, but in a curved tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the high-frequency electric field is likely to be hindered by a curved portion and may not reach the entire tube.
- a curved tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube in which the formation of a high-frequency electric field extends over the entire tube is also included in the present invention.
- the following description of the present invention uses a straight tube fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp does not light even if a large current caused by the formation of a high frequency electric field flows through the power supply circuit. It shows the fact that the current flowing in the power supply circuit due to the formation of the high frequency electric field in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is not directly involved in the gas discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the electrical insulator When the phosphor particle surface to be used is contaminated with an electrical insulator, the electrical insulator is generally charged. Negative charges due to charging of substances contaminated on the surface of the phosphor particles also spread in the gas space. Since the kinetic energy of the electrons extracted from the third generation electron source is close to zero, the electrons with small kinetic energy are subjected to clone repulsion due to the negative charge of the polluted material, do not enter the gas space, and the fluorescent discharge lamp does not discharge. .
- the conventional discharge gas lighting method (applying high voltage instantaneously) is used for a moment, the charge of the pollutant disappears partially, so the electrons of the third generation electron source can enter the gas discharge path, and the gas discharge However, the intensity is weak and the discharge disappears over time. Even if gas discharge appears, the current flowing in the power supply circuit due to the formation of the high-frequency electric field remains unchanged. It shows that the power supply current that flows when a high frequency is applied to the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is much larger than the electron current required for gas discharge.
- the current flowing through the power supply circuit is reduced to less than half.
- the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on instantaneously when a high frequency is applied from the power supply. Since electrons involved in emission in the positive column is repeatedly used without disappearing in the discharge path (10 5 times), the number of electrons required per unit time is extremely small.
- the excited gas is discharged, it returns to the gas atoms and has the opportunity for re-excitation. In gas statistics, gas excitation due to inelastic collision of electrons is treated as replacement sampling.
- the maximum number of electrons (current) involved in gas excitation is about one-thousandth ( ⁇ 1 mA) of the power supply current measured on the input side of the power supply circuit.
- Gas number of atoms excited in the number of electrons per unit time becomes 10 22 longitudinal per unit discharge space. Since the excitation gas emits one photon and returns to the ground state, the number of excitation gases corresponds to the number of photons emitted from the fluorescent film.
- Fluorescent discharge lamp unit discharge spaces per 10 22 number of photons emitted before and after the is sufficient photon number as a light source for illuminating a room with daylight illumination.
- the current flowing in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is mainly determined by the power supply current required for the high-frequency electric field formed in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and is not the number of electrons that excite gas atoms. It becomes.
- the inventors discovered the important role played by the difference between the number of electrons moving in the discharge tube and the power supply current that forms a high-frequency electric field in discussing the discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube by the above-mentioned calculation and experimental facts, to save power
- the fluorescent film that forms a high-frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp needs to be optimized.
- the power consumed by the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the influence of the electrical characteristics of the fluorescent film, the power consumption of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be minimized by selecting the fluorescent film. Also, since the power consumption of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube fluctuates depending on the degree of contamination of the fluorescent film, the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lit if the production lot is different even if the same type of phosphor powder is used. The power fluctuates. Furthermore, even if the same kind of phosphor is used and the emission color of the phosphor film is changed, the lighting power fluctuates. Curves shown as individual FLs in FIG. 7 indicate fluctuations in the lighting power of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp for each tube. These points must be taken into consideration when managing the product when manufacturing a fluorescent discharge lamp.
- the current flowing from the third generation electron source into the high-frequency electric field in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube described above has an electrical insulator between the external electrode connected to the power supply circuit and the gas in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube. It is clear that the electrons involved in the discharge in the gas space are not directly donated from the power supply circuit and are self-raised in the gas space. When it is connected to the electrode, it flows in the power supply circuit that is power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field, and a current required for it is detected by the lighting power supply circuit.
- the electric power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field and the electron current involved in the gas discharge cannot be separated, and the number of excited electrons and gas atoms cannot be optimized.
- the present inventors have been able to separate the power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field flowing in the power supply circuit when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lit and the electron current involved in the gas discharge. This is a great discovery in studying gas discharge in fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the high-frequency electric field formed in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube varies greatly depending on the electrical characteristics of the fluorescent film.
- the electrical characteristics of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film are important.
- the inventors of the present invention have a case where the phosphor film contains about 30% by weight of an electron beam emission (CL) phosphor that emits light with a low voltage electron beam, and contains 70% by weight of a PL phosphor that emits light only by light emission (PL)
- CL electron beam emission
- PL light only by light emission
- the lighting power varies depending on the surface state of the blue and green light emitting phosphor particles.
- the critical voltage for electron beam emission is 110 V. Therefore, when making a phosphor film using this red mixed rare earth phosphor powder, red yttrium oxide is used.
- the lighting power of the fluorescent discharge lamp decreases.
- the phosphor powder used for the light bulb color does not use the yttrium oxide phosphor, but uses another red component phosphor (having a high critical voltage), so that the current of the power supply circuit increases.
- the critical emission voltage 110V of the yttrium oxide red phosphor is still high.
- the effect of the CL phosphor is that the current of the power supply circuit is minimized when CL phosphors emitting at around 20 V are mixed.
- a CL phosphor there is a ZnO low voltage CL phosphor (critical voltage 10 eV).
- a fluorescent film made of a white light emitting calcium halophosphate phosphor containing 30% by weight of ZnO phosphor and having no surface treatment is used, even a fluorescent discharge lamp having a thin tube emits light brightly.
- a white light emitting calcium halophosphate phosphor containing 30% by weight of a ZnO low voltage CL phosphor is used for illumination purposes.
- using a fluorescent film with 10% by weight of ZnO low-voltage CL phosphor added to the conventional rare earth mixed phosphor reduces the high-frequency power without changing the emission color. A fluorescent film is obtained.
- the lighting power of one external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is less than one-fifth of the power consumption of a power supply circuit required for lighting a fluorescent discharge lamp with a normal metal electrode.
- the second external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp A high frequency electric field is also induced in the lamp tube.
- the electrodes of the two external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are electrically connected in parallel, the second fluorescent discharge lamp tube is also lit and emits light with the same luminance as the first external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge according to the present invention in which seven fluorescent discharge lamp tubes having the same tube diameter are bundled.
- this integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 six fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 2 are arranged in a bundle with a predetermined distance from each other by spacers 5.
- Discharge space insulating electrodes 3 and 4 are formed on the left and right ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2.
- the discharge space insulation type electrodes 3 and 4 are electrically insulated from the discharge space 10 filled with the discharge gas formed inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2.
- Parallel connection portions 7a and 8a are disposed on the discharge space insulation-type electrodes 3 and 4 of the seven fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 2, and the wirings 7 and 8 for applying the high-frequency power source 6 are respectively shown in FIG. It is connected to the parallel connection portions 7a and 8a. Therefore, the high frequency voltage of the high frequency power source 6 is applied in parallel to each of the seven fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 2.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 shown in FIG.
- One fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2 is arranged in the center as a central tube, and the remaining six fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 2 are arranged as outer peripheral tubes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (outer peripheral direction) of the outer periphery of the central tube.
- the outer peripheral tube and the central tube are spaced apart by a predetermined distance by the spacer 5.
- a heat insulating tube 9 made of a transparent glass tube is disposed on the outermost periphery surrounding the outer tube.
- a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 2 are arranged in a bundle so that the amount of radiant heat from each fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2 is accumulated in the gap, and each fluorescent discharge Cooling of the lamp tube 2 by convection of cold air is prevented, and the lamp tube 2 has an action of maintaining an appropriate temperature.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2 contains Ar gas and Hg droplets as discharge gas. Although Ar always exists in a gas state, Hg is evaporated in a small amount at room temperature, and most of it exists as mercury droplets. The mercury vapor pressure of about 0.7 Pa to 1.5 Pa is obtained by heating and evaporating the Hg droplets. Thus, the optimum light output can be obtained by driving the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the optimum temperature range is 40 ° C to 45 ° C.
- the surface In a single fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the surface is in contact with cold air and always radiates heat by air convection. Therefore, in order to prevent cooling and maintain the optimum temperature, power that generates heat corresponding to the amount of heat radiated is always used. It is necessary to add in excess. In other words, only this heat radiation power is wasted in the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are arranged in a bundle to keep the fluorescent discharge lamps mutually heated, and the gas temperature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes arranged in a bundle by a heat retaining action is quickly raised to the optimum temperature,
- the mercury vapor pressure in the space is optimized.
- a heat retention effect was successfully achieved for the first time, and a further heat retention effect was realized by the outer peripheral arrangement of the heat insulation tube.
- the bundled arrangement of the present invention refers to an arrangement in which a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are grasped in a circumferential contact state with each other, and a spacer 5 is interposed to avoid circumferential contact. An appropriate gap is formed between the adjacent fluorescent discharge lamp tubes by the spacer 5, the amount of heat released is stored in this gap, and the entire heat retaining action is exhibited.
- the heat retaining effect is further increased. In this case, only the upper end opening and only the lower end opening may be closed by the heat retaining end. If the heat retaining effect is too strong, the internal temperature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2 will rise too much, and it may appear outside the optimum region of Hg vapor pressure. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the optimum temperature by opening a hole in the heat retaining tube 9 or the heat retaining end, or by cutting out a part of the heat retaining tube 9 or the heat retaining end.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube used in the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp of FIG.
- external electrodes 3 a and 4 a are arranged on the outer circumferences of both ends of the glass tube 10 as the discharge space insulating electrodes 3 and 4.
- a coated coil, a coated ring, a contact-type electrode, a small-area electrode, or the like can be used as the external electrodes 3a and 4a.
- a fluorescent film 11 is formed on the inner surface of the glass tube 10, but the fluorescent film 11 is also extended on the opposing surfaces of the external electrodes 3a and 4a, and this portion is referred to as a phosphor particle layer 11a.
- a discharge space 12 filled with a discharge gas is formed as a cavity.
- FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory diagram of the third generation electron source and cation source in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2a of FIG. It is considered that a positive potential is applied to the external electrode 3a and a negative potential is applied to the external electrode 4a at a certain moment of the high-frequency voltage applied by the high-frequency power source 6.
- the phosphor particle layer 11a is an insulator, it is dielectrically polarized with a reverse polarity. That is, the phosphor particle layer 11a facing the external electrode 3a is negatively positive and dielectrically polarized, and the phosphor particle layer 11a facing the external electrode 4a is positively and negatively dielectrically polarized.
- the electric potential of the dielectric polarization in the phosphor particle layer 11a is several times higher than the electric potential of the external electrode 4a. Due to the high frequency electric field, the discharge gas Ar is ionized to e ⁇ and Ar + , and the electron e ⁇ is accumulated on the phosphor particle 11 a side having the highest positive potential in the tube by the Coulomb attractive force to form the electron source A. This electron source A constitutes the third generation electron source in the present invention. Conversely, Ar + is on the external electrode 4a side due to Coulomb attraction, and accumulates on the phosphor particle 11a side with the highest negative potential in the tube to form the cation source B.
- the electron e ⁇ of the electron source A moves toward the cation source B, repeats inelastic collision with the gas atoms in the discharge space 12 without disappearing, advances while drawing the electron orbit 13, and combines with Ar + Return to sex Ar.
- the electrode voltage drop described above does not occur at all, and thus power consumption can be reduced accordingly.
- the external electrodes 3a and 4a do not have cation collisions, and sputtering does not occur, thereby extending the life. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize the exhaustion of the electrode voltage drop and the sputtering.
- the phosphor film 11 is formed from a mixed phosphor of PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder. On the surface of the phosphor film 11 facing the discharge space 12, PL phosphor particles are arranged dispersed in the tube axis direction.
- the high-frequency power source 6 is connected, the entire fluorescent discharge lamp tube of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 is turned on instantaneously. The lighting delay observed in the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube was not observed at all.
- the emission intensity (illuminance) from the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 was very bright, about 7 times that when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2a was made to emit light alone, but the power required for lighting the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 was a single tube. It is a value obtained by adding 1 watt per lamp to the lighting power, and seven times the luminance was obtained with one-fifth the power when all the lights were turned on individually.
- the effect of the present invention will be clarified by testing an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp using a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- a commercially available fluorescent discharge lamp tube (diameter 20 mm) using only a conventional metal internal electrode. 7 were used.
- the red component of the phosphor film was an yttrium oxide phosphor.
- the lighting power of one commercially available fluorescent discharge lamp tube is nominally 40 W, but the lighting power is 80 W when the drive power supply circuit is included.
- the power of the power supply circuit required for lighting the seven fluorescent discharge lamps is 560 W.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is applied as an illumination light source in an office in a large building, the number of fluorescent discharge lamps required for illumination can be reduced to one-ten or less, resulting in significant power savings.
- the power consumption at the power source will be described later even if the number of fluorescent lamp tubes constituting the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is increased.
- FIG. 7 only the illuminance increases with the number of fluorescent discharge lamps, with only a slight change.
- the power saving effect and the increase in luminance of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp become more remarkable as the number of external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes constituting the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp increases. This effect can be realized for the first time with an external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp using a third generation electron source.
- the developed integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is a novel illumination light source that contributes greatly to the control of environmental pollution that no one has ever realized.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a surface-insulated internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2b used in the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 of FIG.
- the phosphor particle layer 11a is formed on the surfaces of the metal internal electrodes 3c and 4c to form the surface-insulated internal electrodes 3b and 4b.
- the phosphor particle layer 11a electrically insulates the internal electrodes 3c and 4c from the discharge space 12, and no electrons are injected from the internal electrode into the discharge space 12.
- the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor particle layer 11a the same phosphor as the phosphor film 11 on the inner surface of the glass tube 10 is preferably used.
- a discharge space 12 filled with a discharge gas is formed as a cavity.
- FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory diagram of the third generation electron source A and cation source B in the surface-insulated internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube 2b of FIG. It is considered that a positive potential is applied to the internal electrode 3c and a negative potential is applied to the internal electrode 4c at a certain moment when the high-frequency voltage applied by the high-frequency power source 6 is applied.
- the phosphor particle layer 11a is an insulator, it is dielectrically polarized with a reverse polarity. That is, the phosphor particle layer 11a on the internal electrode 3c is negatively positive and dielectrically polarized, and the phosphor particle layer 11a on the internal electrode 4c is positively and negatively dielectrically polarized.
- the discharge gas Ar is ionized to e ⁇ and Ar + by the high frequency voltage, and the electron e ⁇ is accumulated on the surface insulating internal electrode 3b side by the Coulomb attractive force to form the electron source A.
- Ar + is accumulated on the surface insulating internal electrode 4b side by Coulomb attractive force to form the cation source B.
- the electron e ⁇ of the electron source A advances while drawing the electron orbit 13 toward the cation source B, and combines with Ar + to return to neutral Ar.
- the electrode voltage drop described above does not occur at all, and thus power consumption can be reduced accordingly.
- the internal electrodes 3c and 4c are free from cation collisions, sputtering does not occur, and a long life is achieved. That is, in the present invention, the exhaustion of the electrode voltage drop and the exhaustion of sputtering are expressed synergistically.
- FIG. 7 is a relationship diagram between the power consumption of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp and the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes according to the present invention. This relationship diagram clarifies the whole picture of the power saving effect of the present invention.
- Ten CCFLs cold cathode tubes) having an outer diameter of 2.5 mm were used, and coiled external electrodes were wound around both ends of each CCFL to modify the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The lighting power required when connected in parallel was measured on the input side of the power circuit.
- n is the number of external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes to be integrated.
- the overall power consumption was measured when the coiled external electrode was not wound around the CCFL but integrated as a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a metal internal electrode.
- the power consumption of each CCFL was measured, it was found that it varied in the range of 4 to 7 (watt) as indicated by the individual FL.
- the power saving effect and the high luminance effect of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present invention were extremely excellent. That is, the present inventors have discovered that the fact that the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is lit with high power when the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are joined in parallel is low.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a discharge space insulation type electrode it is possible to manufacture an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp with low power consumption and high brightness, which has never been considered before.
- the present inventors have further discovered the following new facts. Since the tube diameter of the CCFL used in FIG. 7 is 2.5 mm, the surface area ratio of the glass tube per unit length with respect to the gas volume of the unit volume is large. Therefore, the gas temperature in the CCFL tube is the temperature of the outside air where the glass tube is exposed. It is greatly affected. The gas temperature in the CCFL tube when lit must be maintained at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 45 ° C. that maximizes the amount of mercury vapor that emits 254 nm ultraviolet light in the tube.
- the glass tube outer wall of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube at a temperature higher than room temperature is in contact with air having a low temperature (for example, 22 ° C.), it is cooled by air convection around the glass tube outer wall.
- the amount of heat generated in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the amount of gas ionized in the tube.
- the amount of ionized gas in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is smaller than the amount of gas ionized in the CCFL tube with internal electrodes.
- the equilibrium temperature of the external electrode type CCFL to be air-cooled is lower than the optimum temperature and around 30 ° C., and the amount of mercury vapor in the tube is considerably lower than the optimum amount.
- the luminance of the external electrode type CCFL is lower than the luminance of the internal electrode CCFL.
- the luminance of the external electrode type CCFL will surely increase.
- the CCFL external electrode supplied with high power is not only heated to a high temperature, but also a large number of small arc discharges are generated in the external electrode layer and between the electrode layer and the outer wall of the glass tube. In many cases, the local part of the glass tube covered with the external electrode is heated to near the melting point by arc discharge.
- the vacuum break of EEFL is not limited to the CCFL having an extremely thin tube diameter, and is constantly generated when an EEFL having a tube diameter of 30 mm or less is lighted with high brightness.
- the glass tube wall When the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on, the glass tube wall is exposed to the cold air in the room, so that the glass tube wall is cooled by the convection of the cold air.
- the tube wall temperature Under normal external electrode type CCFL lighting conditions, the tube wall temperature is an equilibrium temperature around 30 ° C. Considering that the parallel temperature is obtained at a temperature higher than room temperature, the amount of Hg vapor evaporated in the tube is smaller than the optimum amount of Hg vapor under the lighting conditions of the external electrode type CCFL.
- the number of electrons extracted from the third generation electron source to the discharge gas space is 1 mA (6 ⁇ 10 15 electrons), and one electron inelastically collides with gas atoms 5 ⁇ 10 4 times per unit length of the electron orbit.
- the heat source for heating the gas in the tube may be increased. There are two ways to do this. One is that the gas in the tube is heated by heat generated by ionization due to inelastic collision of electrons. In order to increase the amount of ionized gas in the tube, a higher voltage or a higher frequency (MHz) may be applied to the electrode.
- the temperature of the glass tube wall and the gas in the tube rises and the mercury vapor in the discharge space increases.
- the amount of UV emitted increases.
- the light intensity emitted from the CCFL phosphor film also increases.
- the method of removing the air cooling of the glass tube wall is blocking air convection.
- a plurality of CCFL tubes are arranged in a bundle, the bundled CCFL is inserted into the glass tube, and both ends of the glass tube are sealed with heat insulation.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the luminance of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp and the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes according to the present invention. From this relationship diagram, the whole picture of the high luminance effect of the present invention is clarified.
- Ten CCFLs cold cathode tubes) having an outer diameter of 2.5 mm were used, and coiled external electrodes were wound around both ends of each CCFL to modify the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- L 0 about 0.8 ( Arbitrary unit).
- L be considerably smaller than n ⁇ L 0, i.e., it was found L «n ⁇ L 0.
- the reason why the luminance does not increase linearly is that the integrated conventional FL does not have a heat retaining effect because the heat retaining tube surrounding the outer periphery is not disposed.
- the heat insulating tube integrated FL of the present invention in which the heat insulating tubes are arranged on the outer periphery is configured.
- L 0 about 2 (arbitrary unit), and brightness is increased by the heat insulating effect as compared with 0.8 when there is no heat insulating tube. Increases 2.5 times.
- L L 0 ⁇ n.
- L 0 2. That is, it was found that the overall luminance L increases in proportion to the number n by providing the heat insulating tube. Therefore, when judged in combination with FIG.
- the present inventors have discovered that the fact that an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is lit with high power with a small amount of power when the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes arranged in a bundle shape and enclosing the outermost periphery with a heat insulating tube is connected in parallel. As described above, it was found that the use of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a discharge space insulation type electrode makes it possible to manufacture an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp with low power consumption and high brightness, which has never been considered before.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 having a two-layer structure composed of a large-diameter central tube 14 and a medium-diameter outer peripheral tube 15.
- a large-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 14 is used as a central tube, and twelve medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 15 are arranged as outer peripheral tubes via spacers 5 on the outer periphery thereof.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a smaller tube diameter has a larger light emission amount per unit area of the fluorescent film.
- the increase in light emission is thought to be due to a decrease in mercury self-absorption.
- FIG. 9 when an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a diameter of 15 mm is arranged as the central tube of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, and an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a diameter of about 10 mm is arranged outside thereof, The diameter of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 is reduced.
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube placed inside the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp has a heat retention effect due to the fluorescent discharge lamp tube placed on the outside, and reaches a temperature of about 45 ° C. which is optimal for producing mercury vapor. It emits very brightly (6000 cd / m 2 to 7000 cd / m 2 ).
- the medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged on the outside has a large glass surface area ratio with respect to the volume of gas discharge, and the heat release to the outside air is large. As a result, the temperature of the discharge lamp tube is as low as around 30 ° C., and the brightness of the medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged outside is dark.
- the medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube (outer tube) does not come into direct contact with the outside air. Therefore, the heat retaining effect by the heat insulating tube appears, and the temperature of the medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged outside increases to around 45 ° C. and emits bright light. An increase in lighting power due to temperature rise is not detected.
- the spacer 5 small resin pieces that are transparent and have a surface shape that matches the curvature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are arranged at appropriate intervals. When the spacer 5 is adhered to the outer wall of the fluorescent discharge tube with a small amount of adhesive, the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp does not move as a unit and is mechanically strong, so that the long integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be handled easily.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 having a three-layer structure including a large-diameter central tube 14, a medium-diameter outer peripheral tube 15, and a small-diameter outer peripheral tube 16.
- a large-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 14 is used as a central tube
- 12 medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 15 are arranged as outer peripheral pipes via spacers 5 on the outer periphery thereof, and 24 further via spacers 5 on the outer periphery thereof.
- the small-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 16 is arranged as the outermost peripheral tube. Similar to FIG. 9, when the lighting test of FIGS.
- an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube (large diameter central tube 14) having a diameter of about 15 mm is arranged at the center, and an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube (medium diameter) having a medium diameter around the outside.
- the outer tube 15) is arranged, the outer electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube (small-diameter outer tube 16) having a diameter of about 3 mm is arranged on the outermost periphery, and the heat retaining tube 9 (glass tube) whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the integrated discharge lamp.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp in which only the illuminance is remarkably increased can be obtained without greatly increasing the diameter and without greatly changing the power required for lighting.
- a transparent small resin piece is arranged between each external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube to create a gap.
- the diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 is an example, and is a display of a relative relationship. Therefore, an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be produced by combining an external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube having an arbitrary diameter. Furthermore, the integration of external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes having the same diameter falls within this category. That is, in response to the user's request, when an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is made by bundling an arbitrary number of external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamps having the same small tube diameter, an extremely bright integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be made even if the diameter is small. .
- a resin-type light diffusion tube having a lower unit price can be used as the heat insulating tube 9 without using a light diffusion glass tube.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp having a high integrated density can be made with only the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a very high luminous intensity of 3 mm or less. I can do it.
- FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of a bulb-type integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that can be attached to and detached from the bulb socket
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bulb-type integrated fluorescent discharge lamp of FIG. This figure shows an example of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that is most suitable for lighting of a small room in a general home with a generally-known light bulb socket.
- a power-saving integrated discharge lamp with higher brightness can be provided by arranging the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes as densely as possible.
- This integrated fluorescent discharge lamp 1 is provided with a large-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 14 (external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube) having a diameter of 15 mm in the center, and a medium-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 15 (external) around the periphery.
- An electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube) is arranged, and a small diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 16 (external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube) is arranged on the outermost side.
- the reason why the large-diameter fluorescent discharge lamp tube 14 having a diameter of 15 mm is arranged in the center is the role of the support column that supports the medium-diameter tube 15 and the small-diameter tube 16 arranged in the periphery.
- Electrode substrates 17 are attached to both tube ends, and fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 14, 15 and 16 with exhaust tubes are inserted into holes made in advance in a resin substrate 18, and each fluorescent discharge lamp tube is used with an adhesive. Is fixed to the resin substrate 18.
- a transparent spacer 5 is attached to an appropriate place to create a gap between the arranged fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and at the same time, the discharge lamp tubes in the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp are fixed and integrated.
- a lead wire from a power source is connected to the electrode substrate 17 using a gap formed between the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the luminance increases when the semi-transparent heat retaining tube 9 (glass tube or hard resin tube) with the head sealed is put on the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be used even if it is exposed.
- a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a diameter of 15 mm is used as a support column constituting the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp.
- the 15 mm external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube used as a support can be replaced with a hard resin rod of about 5 mm.
- the hard resin rod is fixed to the resin substrate 18 in advance, there is no reason to use an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp having a tube diameter of 15 mm, and an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp having a uniform diameter or a different diameter having a tube diameter of 10 mm or less. Can be arranged in nectar. Since the setting of the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes arranged on the resin substrate 18 is the same as described above, the description thereof is omitted.
- the high-frequency power supply hangar 19 stores a high-frequency power supply device and is compact, and a base 20 and a base projection 21 are disposed below the high-frequency power supply.
- the base 20 and the base projection 21 are assembled into a light bulb socket (not shown) and connected to a power source.
- tube 9 is closed by heat retention edge part 9a, 9a, and is improving the internal heat retention effect.
- the length of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp with the bulb socket is not particularly specified, but the power consumption is the same and the light output of one integrated discharge lamp increases when the long integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is used. In the developed integrated discharge lamp, there is no change in power consumption due to the change in length.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp of 5 to 8 cm is suitable.
- an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp having a length of 15 to 20 cm is suitable.
- FIG. 13 shows a new 40-watt fluorescent discharge lamp tube (two upper parts) provided with external electrodes (wrapped with resin-coated thin copper wire) and the same-type 40-watt fluorescent discharge lamp tube with the exhausted life collected from the garbage disposal site ( It is a lighting diagram in which the lower two) are lit in parallel.
- the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is used, the following effects appear.
- FIG. 13 when a fluorescent discharge lamp tube that has reached the end of its life is collected from a garbage disposal site, and a coated copper thin wire is wound around and an external electrode is attached, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube that has reached the end of its life (scrapped FL lamps) Regenerate and discharge.
- the surface of the phosphor particles periodically dielectrically polarized has a catalytic action in the gas space, polymerizes the organic residual gas, and the polymerized organic residual gas is the surface of the phosphor particle. It adheres as a solid. That is, it has a getter action for organic residual gas.
- Residual gas adsorbed on the surface of the fluorescent film in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube which has reached the end of its life (absorbs ultraviolet rays before reaching the phosphor particles) becomes a solid on the surface of the phosphor particles that is periodically polarized according to the lighting time. Is absorbed and disappears from the surface of the fluorescent film.
- the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose lifetime has been exhausted is completely regenerated after a certain period of time, and has the same brightness as that of a newly manufactured external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube (new FL lamps) as shown in FIG. Emits light.
- the life of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes semi-permanent and the resource recovery period of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes very long.
- the use of the third generation electron source not only saves the power of a newly manufactured fluorescent discharge lamp tube, but also regenerates the discarded fluorescent discharge lamp tube, which greatly contributes to resource saving.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining how the behavior of electrons introduced to the surface of the fluorescent film in the present invention changes depending on the charged state of the fluorescent film.
- FIG. 14 illustrates the changes in the four charge states of the fluorescent film and the electron trajectory that affect the gas discharge in the FL tube.
- FIG. 14 (A) is a partial view of a fluorescent film 24 formed by applying a commercially available discharge lamp lamp (PL) lamp phosphor powder to the inner wall surface of the glass tube 10. All the particles of commercially available phosphor for PL have retained persistent internal polarization (PIP) from the time of manufacture, and exert an electric field of PIP negative charge (approximately 150 V) outside the particle.
- PIP persistent internal polarization
- the upper surface of the fluorescent film 24 made using a commercially available PL phosphor is covered with the negative charge of PIP.
- the electron e receives electrostatic repulsion from the negative electric field of PIP and does not enter the phosphor film. That is not all.
- the gas space is filled with a negative electric field due to outer shell electrons filling the outermost shell of gas atoms, and electrons e cannot enter the gas space. Gas atoms do not discharge. That is, the gas discharge is not turned on.
- FIG. 14B shows the state of the electrons on the surface of the phosphor film when electrons close to zero at the initial speed are introduced onto the phosphor film 25 made using a phosphor whose phosphor particles do not have PIP.
- the phosphor without PIP is a CL phosphor that emits light under irradiation with a low electron beam of 15 V or less.
- Typical phosphors are zinc oxide (ZnO) phosphors that emit greenish white or have a peak at 390 nm and emit a sharp linear light, blue light emitting zinc sulfide made without using a sodium compound as a flux There are (ZnS: Ag: Cl) phosphors, green light emitting zinc sulfide (ZnS: Cu: Al) phosphors, and MgO made under special conditions.
- FIG. 14B shows a case where a phosphor film is made of a ZnO phosphor.
- the slow electrons entering the surface of the fluorescent film easily enter the fluorescent film, and are accelerated by the electric field of the cation source B at the other end of the discharge tube.
- the probability that a gas atom exists in an electron orbit traveling in one direction on a normal FL tube (tube length 50 cm) can be calculated. The value is 10 -6 , and it can be considered that the probability that the accelerated electrons traveling in one direction collide with the gas atoms is zero. There is no emission of gas atoms by surface conducting electrons.
- FIG. 14 (C) applies ZnO phosphor particles 25 (without PIP) to the small area at the end of the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and commercially available PL phosphor to the remaining large area.
- the inner wall surface of the fluorescent discharge tube is covered with a fluorescent film 24 (with PIP) in which particles are arranged.
- commercially available PL phosphor particles are first applied to the inner wall surface of the glass, dried, and then the binder is incinerated.
- the fluorescent film on the glass edge is wiped off with a soft cloth, and then applied to the glass surface from which the ZnO phosphor particles 25 have been wiped off. Incinerate the binder after drying.
- the electron source according to the present invention is installed on this fluorescent film, and electrons close to zero at the initial speed are introduced.
- the electrons are accelerated where the ZnO phosphor particles 25 are arranged, and have energies that can excite gas atoms.
- the accelerating electrons cannot enter the commercially available fluorescent film 24, but enter the gas space by bending the electron trajectory. Electrons entering the gas space collide with the gas atoms inelastically, excite the gas atoms, and turn on the gas space discharge. This phenomenon is the instantaneous lighting of the gas discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- Electrons that have collided inelastically ride high-frequency waves in the gas space acquire appropriate energy from the high-frequency electric field, and excite the next gas atom in inelastic collisions. Electrons resonating with high-frequency waves propagating in the discharge path move through the discharge tube to the end of the tube while exciting gas atoms by this repetition, and finally combine with ions and disappear. Electrons moving in resonance with high-frequency waves in the fluorescent discharge tube are observed as fluorescent films that emit light with uniform intensity when observed with our eyes.
- Electrons moving in the discharge path have energy due to acceleration and collide with gas atoms inelastically.
- the orbital direction of electrons that collide inelastically is random.
- there is an electron that has an opportunity to approach the fluorescent film but since the negative charge of PIP26 exists in the fluorescent film, the electron cannot approach the fluorescent film, and the positive column.
- the range of activity of electrons that emit gas atoms resonating with high-frequency waves is not limited to the entire space of the gas discharge tube, but is limited to the central gas space of the discharge tube that maintains a certain distance from the fluorescent film. That is the positive column housed in the PIP sheath 26.
- the gas atoms are electrically neutral, are not affected by the electric field or charge, and are distributed at a uniform concentration in the discharge tube.
- Gas atoms (unexcited gas atoms) are distributed at a uniform concentration between the positive column accommodated in the PIP sheath 26 and the fluorescent film. If the light emitted from the positive column is generated by the electron transition from the excited level of the gas atom to the ground level, the emitted light is allowed to be absorbed by the gas atom. In that case, the light emitted in the positive column is absorbed by the gas atoms interposed between the positive column and the fluorescent film, and the remaining amount reaches the fluorescent film. In the case of a fluorescent discharge lamp, light emission of low-pressure Hg vapor is used.
- Light emission is an electronic transition from the excited level 6 p of Hg to the ground level 6 s, and is therefore absorbed by the Hg vapor existing between the positive column and the fluorescent film. Since light is a particle having no charge, it is not affected by PIP, and only the remaining amount absorbed by the Hg vapor existing between the positive column and the fluorescent film reaches the fluorescent film. Since the phosphor particles are particles having a large light refractive index, a part of the ultraviolet light enters the phosphor particles arranged on the surface layer of the phosphor film, and is directly absorbed by the emission center to emit visible light. The ultraviolet light reflected by the surface layer particles becomes scattered light and enters the phosphor particles deep in the fluorescent film to emit light. In order to increase the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the fluorescent film with a given fluorescent discharge lamp tube, it is preferable that the fluorescent film is not covered with PIP negative charges. That is, it is better not to make a PIP sheath.
- the CL phosphor particles emit light by recombining many holes and electrons that are formed in the phosphor particles upon incidence of electrons at the emission center.
- the number of electrons and hole pairs created by one incident electron entering the phosphor particle corresponds to the number of inelastic scattering of the incident electrons with the crystal lattice (approximately 1,000).
- CL phosphors are bright.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the state of an optimum fluorescent film made of a mixed powder of low-voltage electron beam-emitting CL phosphor powder and light-emitting PL phosphor powder in the present invention. It is extremely difficult to manufacture a phosphor film by placing the PL phosphor 24 and the low-voltage CL phosphor 25 next to each other on the inner wall surface of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. According to a published paper, Journal Physics D Applied Physics, 32, (1999), pp 513-517 (non-patent document 1), the optimum fluorescent film thickness of FL is made of three layers of phosphor particles.
- the particles that can enter the electrons irradiated to the fluorescent film are only the particles arranged in the uppermost layer, and ultraviolet rays enter the fluorescent film without being affected by the charge of the particles.
- the penetration depth is 3 layers in terms of the number of particle layers.
- the commercially available phosphor particles 24 are applied to the inner wall surface of the glass tube so as to form three layers, and the low voltage CL phosphor 25 is applied after being dried so as to be spread on the commercially available phosphor layer 24, the present invention is applied.
- a fluorescent film can be manufactured.
- FIG. 15A shows a schematic diagram of the phosphor film thus produced.
- a method for producing a phosphor film by single application of phosphor slurry was devised.
- the average particle size of the commercially available PL phosphor is 4 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the low voltage CL phosphor is 2 ⁇ m.
- a coating solution is made and applied to the inner wall surface of the discharge tube glass.
- the size of the CL phosphor particles used here good results were obtained when the average particle diameter of the PL phosphor was 4 ⁇ m and the average value was 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m. This particle size varies depending on the particle size of the PL phosphor. It should be noted that when the CL phosphor particles are as small as 1 ⁇ m or less, the particles are not arranged on the surface of the phosphor film, but gather at the bottom of the phosphor film when the phosphor film is dried, and the effect of the CL phosphor particles is reduced.
- the important points of the present invention are described below.
- the heat insulating tube outer wall (glass outer wall) of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube disposed on the outermost periphery of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is exposed to ambient air having a low temperature. Since there is a significant temperature difference between the glass tube wall heated by gas ionization and room temperature, the glass tube wall loses heat due to air convection. When electrons from the third generation electron source were used, the amount of gas ionization per unit time was small, so the temperature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube did not rise, and it was around 30 ° C., which is lower than the temperature giving the optimum mercury vapor pressure. .
- the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged on the inner side is thermally protected by the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged on the outer side, there is little air convection, and the outer wall temperature rises to around 45 ° C. Since mercury vapor is excited by the same number of electrons to emit light, the number of mercury vapor excitations increases and decreases in proportion to the number of mercury in the tube. When the number of mercury vapor in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is small, it becomes dark, and when the number of mercury vapor is large, it emits bright light. In an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, a large luminance difference occurs due to a temperature difference, and light emission from the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged at the outermost part is dark.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp To keep the outermost fluorescent discharge lamp tubes warm, insert the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp into a slightly thicker glass tube and seal the end of the glass tube with a heat insulating material. It becomes in thermal equilibrium with the internally arranged fluorescent discharge lamp, and all of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes emit light with uniform brightness. As a result, the brightness of the cumulative fluorescent discharge lamp increases by a multiple of the number of integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is made by bundling external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and this bundle is unwound and arranged in a plane.
- each external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is inserted into a heat insulating tube (glass tube) 9 having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the discharge lamp tube, and both ends of the glass tube 9 are sealed with a heat insulating material. If the tube is insulated from the outside air, the temperature of each fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be kept at a temperature that gives the optimum mercury vapor pressure. The ionization energy of the gas necessary for maintaining the temperature at which the optimum mercury vapor pressure is obtained in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube exposed to air is not necessary.
- a high-brightness planar light source can be obtained even if the power consumption required for lighting the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamps (EEFL) arranged on a plane is a fraction of a fraction.
- the lighting speed is in milliseconds, so the integrated fluorescent discharge lamps arranged on the plane are divided into several blocks, and each divided integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is Sequential line scanning is possible.
- the LCD screen has a much higher brightness than when an LED is used for the backlight, and a clear image is displayed.
- the length of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp shown in FIG. 1 in the tube axis direction is not limited.
- the number of electrons involved in the discharge is the same regardless of the length, and the gas atoms emit light by inelastic collision with gas atoms. Since only the number of repetitions increases, the power consumption hardly changes and only the area of the fluorescent film that emits light increases. As a result, only the luminance increases in proportion to the axial length of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp. It is recommended to use a long integrated fluorescent discharge lamp when it is placed on the ceiling as a lighting source in the living room of a home or office of a high-rise building. The number of fluorescent discharge lamps required to obtain a moderate illuminance is greatly reduced if an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is used.
- the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can use less than one-tenth of the power consumption of a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp using metal electrodes, including the power of the drive power supply circuit, to obtain the same illuminance.
- the temperature of the glass tube surface of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube at the time of lighting is kept at around 40 ° C. which optimizes the mercury vapor pressure, but heat is generated by the outer tube into which the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is inserted. Since it is shielded, thermal convection of air is suppressed. It also has the advantage of greatly reducing the cooling power in the summer office.
- the tube diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is made larger than 20 mm, there is an unexcited Hg gas in the positive column formed in the fluorescent discharge tube, and the result is that the 254 nm ultraviolet light emitted by Hg in the positive column is self-absorbed. , Luminous efficiency decreases. For this reason, it is preferable not to use a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a tube diameter of 20 mm or more for the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp. However, this does not mean the limitation of use, and an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be made using a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a tube diameter of 20 mm or more.
- the power source of the drive circuit is a power source wired in the home, the bases 20 and 21 that have been developed with ordinary tungsten light bulbs are used. In this way, the number of commercially available power-saving fluorescent discharge lamps can be reduced to 5W, which is 1/7 of the power consumption of the current commercially available power-saving fluorescent discharge lamps (nominally 12W, substantially 37W).
- a power-saving integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that emits twice as brightly can be provided by using an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a third generation electron source.
- the above-described integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is described as an example using an external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube.
- the same effect can be obtained even when a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a metal electrode and a third-generation electron source made by covering the surface of the metal electrode with electrical insulator particles such as phosphor particles is used.
- a similar integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be made.
- An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp cannot be formed with a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube using metal electrodes.
- the glass tube wall temperature can be controlled by the amount of gas to be ionized, but consumes energy necessary for ionization. Excess energy generated by ionization is released as heat into the discharge space, so that the temperature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be maintained at 40 ° C.
- the ionization rate by the electrons taken out from the electron source becomes low. If the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is inserted into a heat insulating tube (glass tube) 9 having a heat insulating effect that does not directly contact room air, the temperature of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is kept at about 45 ° C. at which the optimum mercury vapor pressure is obtained. This is less power to drive the fluorescent lamp tube.
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Abstract
Description
近年、地球の温暖化が進み、世界規模で炭酸ガス放出が問題化している。炭酸ガスを大量に放出する原因の一つに、化石燃料を使用する発電所が排出する炭酸ガスがある。夜の暗闇を昼間の明るさ(単位面積当たり単位時間に平均1022光子数)に照明する光源は、発電所で発電した電力を大量に使用する(約四分の一)。環境保護の観点から照明光源に使用するランプの稼動電力の大幅な低減が緊急課題になり、新聞やTVニュースの話題になっている。照明光源にはタングステン線を高温度に加熱し、熱放射に伴う可視光を利用する電球が、製造単価が低く、広範囲の輝度が得られるので現在でも広く使用されている。タングステン電球のエネルギー変換効率 は0.8%である。電球のエネルギー変換効率の低さから、電球に変わる光源として注目を集めているのが、蛍光放電灯管である。蛍光放電灯管のエネルギー変換効率は公称20%と言われていることから、室内外の照明光源として蛍光放電灯管への変換が進められている。蛍光放電灯管にも種類があるが、現在注目されている蛍光放電灯管は、直径20 mm以下のガラス管を使用して作られる省電型蛍光放電灯管である。1蛍光放電灯管から発する光量は、蛍光膜の面積に比例するので、蛍光膜の面積の大きい管径が太い蛍光放電灯管を使用した方が省電型であると考えられるが、市販されている省電型蛍光放電灯管は直径が20 mm以下のガラス管を使用して作られている。しかし、その科学的な説明理由は出版された科学論文や放電ハンドブック等で見つけられない。
現在市販されている蛍光放電灯管は、ガラス管内に配置された電子放射と電子収集の役割を果たす金属電極(陰極と陽極)、放電ガスとなるアルゴン(Ar)ガスと水銀(Hg)滴、及び管内壁面に適度の厚さに塗布された蛍光膜を含む単純な構造になっている。この構造を基本とする蛍光放電灯管でガスを放電させているのは、運動エネルギーを持ってガス空間を移動する電子によるガス原子の非弾性衝突である。ガス空間を移動する電子経路には、必然的に、陰極直前に現れる陰極電圧降下と陽極直前に現れる陽極電圧降下が存在する。両者を合計すると放電路で発光に関与しない電力は、ガス放電の電力の約半分になる。蛍光放電灯管の放電から電圧降下を消去できれば、ガスの放電に必要な電力は半減すると考えられた。この計算には点灯に関与する電源装置の消費電力は考慮されていない。
金属電極を使用した蛍光放電灯管の場合、陰極と陽極直前に出現する電圧降下は、電極に印加する高周波の周波数に無関係に存在し、検出される。電圧降下は省電を検討するときに重要な解決課題となっていたが、電圧降下が検出されてから100年以上経過した今日でも解決不能として残されていた。放電路の電圧降下は電子放射と電子収集で金属電極表面が放電空間と電気絶縁されずに対向している事実、換言すれば金属電極表面に必然的に現れる正孔の存在に原因する。この事実は、本発明者が出願しているPCT/JP2007/70431(特許文献1)とPCT/JP2007/74829(特許文献2)に詳細に記述されている。電子放射源と収集源に、放電空間に電気絶縁されずに露出する金属電極を使用しなければ、陰極と陽極直前に出現する電圧降下は放電路から消える。本発明者は上記PCT出願において、電子をガス空間に放出する「第三世代電子源」を発見し、前記電圧降下現象を解消することに初めて成功した。
しかも、前記蛍光放電灯管の両端の電極は内部の放電空間に対し電気的に絶縁された放電空間絶縁型電極から構成されるから、金属電極からの放電空間内へ電子注入は一切無くなり、電子注入に伴う電極電圧降下も無くなり、電極電圧降下に伴う無駄な電力消費を消尽することに成功した。また、前記電子注入が無いから、陽イオンが金属電極に衝突して生じるスパッタリング現象も無く、電極損耗を消尽して蛍光放電灯管の長寿命化に成功したものである。
放電発光を駆動する電子は、高周波電圧の印加による放電ガスの電離により生成され、生成された電子と陽イオンが前記放電空間絶縁型電極の近傍に電気力で集積し、第3世代電子源(単に電子源とも称する)及び陽イオン源となる。本発明者はこの電子源を第3世代電子源と称し、前記第3世代電子源から電子が前記陽イオン源に前進する過程で放電ガスと衝突して発光し、電子と陽イオンが衝突して電気的に中性の放電ガスに帰還する。しかも再び高周波電圧により電離し、発光し、中性ガス化するサイクルを反復する。
必要に応じ前記保熱管の両端又は一端の開口部を閉鎖する保熱端部を設けた集積型蛍光放電灯も提供される。前記保熱管だけの場合には、上下の開口部からの放熱がまだ存在するが、一端開口部又は両端開口部を保熱端部により閉鎖することにより、断熱効果が増加し、輝度の増大化と電力消費量の一層の低減化が実現できる。保熱端部の素材として、ガラスや透明プラスチックでもよいが、保熱端部からの光透過性が不要な場合には、光不透過性素材で断熱性を有する着色プラスチック、セラミックスその他の素材が利用できる。
負電荷を持たない蛍光体粒子には、電子線発光蛍光体(CL蛍光体)が含まれる。特に、低電圧電子線発光蛍光体は表面汚染が少なく、負電荷に帯電しない性質を有し、チャージアップしない特性を有する。前記蛍光膜の表面に負電荷を持たない蛍光体粒子(CL蛍光体)と負電荷を持った蛍光体粒子(PL蛍光体)を交互に配置させて、前記蛍光膜表面の複数箇所で前記加速電子を前記負電荷を有した蛍光体粒子により、電子をガス空間側に曲げる急速点灯と全面発光する高効率な蛍光放電灯管が提供される。本形態では、負電荷を持たない蛍光体領域ではクーロン反発力が発生しないから、蛍光膜を表面伝導する電子は加速される。他方、負電荷を持つ蛍光体領域では、加速電子はクーロン反発力により放電空間に曲げられ、放電ガスを強制的に放電させ、放電灯管は急速点灯する。しかも、本形態では、多数の負電荷領域が電子の表面伝導方向に点在するから、放電灯管の多数領域で放電が生起し、放電灯管の全体が明るく発光することができる。換言すると、前記負電荷性蛍光体粒子を蛍光膜上に加速電子の進行方向に沿って多数点在させると、加速電子と負電荷とのクーロン反発力により、多数の負電荷位置にて加速電子が放電空間中に強制的に曲げられ、加速電子と放電ガスとの多領域における全空間衝突により放電空間全領域での放電が生起し、急速点灯と全空間点灯が同時達成できる放電灯管を実現できる。
発明者達は、高周波電源を第三世代電子源による蛍光放電灯管の電極に印加すると、電源回路の入力側で検出する電流に発光に関与しない高周波電界を形成する電流と、電子源から供給されてガス原子の発光に関与する電子電流の2種類が存在する事を発見した。高周波電界形成に必要な電流の大きさは、ガス原子を発光させるに必要な電子電流の大きさの千倍以上で1A付近にある。従って、高周波電界形成電流は蛍光放電灯の発光には寄与せず、蛍光放電灯管の点灯時の消費電力のみを決める事実を発見した。ガス放電は電子源からの電子が高周波電界との共鳴でガス空間を移動して起しているが、この電子電流は電流量が小さく(1mA以下)、蛍光放電灯管の点灯に必要な実質電力に影響を与えていない。上記した発見は蛍光放電灯管の全機能を最適化し、今までに得られなかった水準の省電力で高輝度な蛍光放電灯管を開発する上で重要な事項である。
2 蛍光放電灯管
2a 外部電極型蛍光放電灯管
2b 表面絶縁内部電極型蛍光放電灯管
3 放電空間絶縁型電極
3a 外部電極
3b 表面絶縁内部電極
3c 内部電極
4 放電空間絶縁型電極
4a 外部電極
4b 表面絶縁内部電極
4c 内部電極
5 スペーサ
6 高周波電源
7 配線
7a 並列接続部
8 配線
8a 並列接続部
9 保熱管
9a 保熱端部
10 ガラス管
11 蛍光膜
11a 蛍光体粒子層
12 放電空間
13 電子軌道
14 大径蛍光放電灯管
15 中径蛍光放電灯管
16 小径蛍光放電灯管
17 電極基板
18 樹脂製基板
19 高周波電源格納庫
20 口金
21 口金突起
24 PIPを持つ蛍光膜(PL蛍光体膜)
25 PIPを持たない蛍光膜(CL蛍光体膜)
26 PIP(PIP負電荷又はPIP鞘)
A 電子源(第3世代電子源)
B 陽イオン源
CCFL 冷陰極蛍光放電灯管
CL 電子線発光(Cathode Luminescence)
e 電子(放出電子)
FL 蛍光放電灯
HCFL 熱陰極電極
LCD 液晶ディスプレイ
PIP 永続性内部分極
PL 光発光(Photo Luminescence)
SBE 表面結合電子(surface-bound-electrons)
UV 紫外線
図1は、同一管径にある7本の蛍光放電灯管を束ねた本発明に係る集積型蛍光放電の全体構成図である。この集積型蛍光放電灯1は、6本の蛍光放電灯管2を相互にスペーサ5により所定間隔だけ離間して束状に配置されている。前記蛍光放電灯管2の左右端には放電空間絶縁型電極3、4が形成されている。放電空間絶縁型電極3、4は、蛍光放電灯管2の内部に形成された放電ガスを充填した放電空間10に対し、電気的に絶縁された状態にある。7本の蛍光放電灯管2の放電空間絶縁型電極3、4には並列接続部7a、8aが配設されており、高周波電源6を印加する配線7、8が夫々図示するように、前記並列接続部7a、8aに接続されている。従って、高周波電源6の高周波電圧が、7本の蛍光放電灯管2の夫々に並列的に印加される。
スペーサ5として、透明で表面の形状を蛍光放電灯管の曲率に合わせた小樹脂片を適度な間隔で配置する。スペーサ5は微量な接着剤により蛍光放電管の管外壁に接着させると、集積蛍光放電灯が一体となり動かず、機械的に強固となるので長い集積蛍光放電灯の取り扱いが容易になる。
図10に示したように、中心に直径15mm前後の外部電極蛍光放電灯管(大径中心管14)を配し、その外側周辺に直径が中型である外部電極型蛍光放電灯管(中径外周管15)を配し、最外周に直径3mm前後の外部電極型蛍光放電灯管(小径外周管16)を配し、内径が集積放電灯の直径より僅かに大きな保熱管9(ガラス管)内に挿入すると、直径を大幅に広げることなく、又点灯に必要な電力を大きく変えることなく、照度のみが著しく増加した集積蛍光放電灯が得られる。スペーサ5として、透明な小樹脂片を各外部電極蛍光放電灯管間に配置し間隙を作るのは勿論である。
両管端に電極基板17を付け、樹脂製基板18に前もって開けられた穴に排気管が付いた蛍光放電灯管14、15、16を挿入し、接着剤を使用して各蛍光放電灯管を樹脂製基板18に固着する。適度な箇所に透明なスペーサ5を貼り付け、配列した蛍光放電灯管の間に間隙を作ると同時に、集積蛍光放電灯内の放電灯管を固着して一体化する。電極基板17には、蛍光放電灯管の間に出来た間隙を利用し、電源からのリード線を接続する。配列した集積蛍光放電灯を保護する目的で、頭部を封じた半透明な保熱管9(ガラス管又は硬質樹脂管)を集積蛍光放電灯に被せると輝度が増加する。勿論、集積蛍光放電灯を露出しても使用できるのは当然である。
電球ソケットを付けた集積蛍光放電灯の長さは、特に規定は無いが、長い集積蛍光放電灯を使用した方が、消費電力は同一で1個の集積放電灯の光出力が増加する。開発した集積放電灯では長さの変化による消費電力の変化は無い。小型電球と置換する目的であるならば、5cmから8cmの集積蛍光放電灯が適している。明るさを問題にする場合、15cmから20cmの長さの集積蛍光放電灯が適している。しかし、特に長さの規制はなく、消費者の好みに合わせて決めるべきである。
Claims (15)
- 発光用の蛍光膜を内面に形成した複数本の蛍光放電灯管の管軸を平行にして束状に配置された蛍光放電灯管群と、隣接する蛍光放電灯管同士を所定間隔だけ離間させるスペーサと、前記蛍光放電灯管群の個々の電極を電気的に並列接続する両端の並列接続部とを少なくとも有し、前記蛍光放電灯管の両端の電極は内部の放電空間に対し電気的に絶縁された放電空間絶縁型電極から構成され、両端の前記並列接続部に高周波電圧を印加したとき、前記蛍光放電灯管の内部に存在する放電ガスが電子と陽イオンに電離して前記放電空間絶縁型電極の近傍に第3世代電子源(単に電子源とも称する)及び陽イオン源が形成され、前記第3世代電子源からの電子が前記陽イオン源に前進する過程で放電ガスと衝突して発光し、しかも前記蛍光放電灯管群を同時に点灯させることを特徴とする集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管群を内挿して外方への放熱を遮断する保熱管を最外周に配置し、必要に応じ前記保熱管の両端又は一端の開口部を閉鎖する保熱端部を設けた請求項1に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管の前記放電空間絶縁型電極は、前記蛍光放電灯管の外部に配置された外部電極からなり、前記外部配置により前記外部電極が内部の前記放電空間から電気絶縁されており、前記外部電極と対向する前記蛍光放電灯管の内面に蛍光体粒子層が形成されている請求項1又は2に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管の前記放電空間絶縁型電極は、前記蛍光放電灯管の内部に配置された内部電極と前記内部電極の表面に塗着された蛍光体粒子層からなり、前記蛍光体粒子層の電気絶縁性により前記内部電極が前記放電空間に対し電気絶縁されている請求項1又は2に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管群は、中心管と、前記中心管の外周に配置された外周管層から構成され、前記外周管層が一層以上配置される請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記中心管と前記外周管は、径方向外方に従って管径が小さく設定される請求項5に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記集積型蛍光放電灯の消費電力が、全本数消費電力<一本消費電力×本数の不等式を満足する請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管群を構成する前記蛍光放電灯管の直径が10mm以下である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記集積型蛍光放電灯の外直径が20mm~60mmの範囲にあり、前記集積型蛍光放電灯の長さが10cm~300cmの範囲にある請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管は直径が10mm以下で長さが200mm以下の形状を有し、前記集積型蛍光放電灯は口金の付いた基板上に配置され、前記基板と前記口金の間に形成された電源収納庫に駆動用電源を収納し、全体形状を電球型に形成して前記口金を電球型ソケットに着脱自在に装着して点灯させる請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光放電灯管として寿命の尽きた内部電極付き蛍光放電灯管を再生使用し、前記内部電極付き蛍光放電灯管に前記外部電極を設ける請求項3に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光膜の表面において、管軸方向に、PL蛍光体粒子とCL蛍光体粒子が交互に分散配置されている請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光膜が、PL蛍光体粉とCL蛍光体粉の混合粉から形成される請求項12に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光膜が、ハロ燐酸カルシウムPL蛍光体粉と低電子線発光するCL蛍光体粉の混合粉から形成される請求項13に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
- 前記蛍光膜が、希土類PL蛍光体粉と低電子線発光するCL蛍光体粉の混合粉から形成される請求項13に記載の集積型蛍光放電灯。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801268674A CN101952642B (zh) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-02-21 | 省电高亮度集成型荧光放电灯 |
PCT/JP2008/052935 WO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-02-21 | 省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 |
JP2009554167A JPWO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-02-21 | 省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 |
TW097109777A TW200937489A (en) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-03-20 | Power saving high luminance integrated fluorescent lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2008/052935 WO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-02-21 | 省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 |
Publications (1)
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WO2009104261A1 true WO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
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ID=40985156
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2008/052935 WO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 | 2008-02-21 | 省電高輝度集積型蛍光放電灯 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPWO2009104261A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101952642B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200937489A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009104261A1 (ja) |
Citations (6)
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JPS6282512U (ja) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-05-26 | ||
JPH04284348A (ja) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-08 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | 無電極形低圧放電灯 |
JP2001303042A (ja) * | 2000-04-20 | 2001-10-31 | Toshiba Corp | ラピッドスタート形蛍光ランプ用蛍光体およびそれを用いたラピッドスタート形蛍光ランプ |
JP2003092005A (ja) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-03-28 | Osram Sylvania Inc | 4つの管を使用したコンパクトな蛍光ランプ |
JP2004207183A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ |
JP2007149573A (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-14 | Masateru Kobayashi | 表示物照明装置 |
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US3521120A (en) * | 1968-03-20 | 1970-07-21 | Gen Electric | High frequency electrodeless fluorescent lamp assembly |
JPH0697606B2 (ja) * | 1990-05-24 | 1994-11-30 | 松下電工株式会社 | 無電極放電ランプ |
JPH05258727A (ja) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-10-08 | Nec Home Electron Ltd | 稀ガス放電灯装置 |
JP3622630B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-06 | 2005-02-23 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | 希ガス蛍光ランプ |
JP3910910B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-30 | 2007-04-25 | ハリソン東芝ライティング株式会社 | 外部電極放電ランプ |
JP4537790B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2010-09-08 | 株式会社フォースtoフォース | 液晶バックライトの点灯装置 |
KR100705631B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-03 | 2007-04-11 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | 외부 전극 형광램프 |
JP4393464B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-17 | 2010-01-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 発光管保持具及び光源装置 |
JP2007265941A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ソケットカバー及び低温用照明器具 |
JP4284348B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2009-06-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 |
-
2008
- 2008-02-21 WO PCT/JP2008/052935 patent/WO2009104261A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-02-21 CN CN2008801268674A patent/CN101952642B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-21 JP JP2009554167A patent/JPWO2009104261A1/ja active Pending
- 2008-03-20 TW TW097109777A patent/TW200937489A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6282512U (ja) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-05-26 | ||
JPH04284348A (ja) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-08 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | 無電極形低圧放電灯 |
JP2001303042A (ja) * | 2000-04-20 | 2001-10-31 | Toshiba Corp | ラピッドスタート形蛍光ランプ用蛍光体およびそれを用いたラピッドスタート形蛍光ランプ |
JP2003092005A (ja) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-03-28 | Osram Sylvania Inc | 4つの管を使用したコンパクトな蛍光ランプ |
JP2004207183A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ |
JP2007149573A (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-14 | Masateru Kobayashi | 表示物照明装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101952642A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
TW200937489A (en) | 2009-09-01 |
CN101952642B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
JPWO2009104261A1 (ja) | 2011-06-16 |
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