WO2009095115A1

WO2009095115A1 - Method for operating a starter device and starter device

Info

Publication number: WO2009095115A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/065723
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Botzenhard; Jochen Gattnar; Jochen Heusel; Martin Neuburger; Peter Farr; Karl-Otto Schmidt; Apostolos Tsakiris; Torsten Knorr
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-01-31
Filing date: 2008-11-18
Publication date: 2009-08-06
Also published as: EP2247849B1; DE102008007077B4; EP2247849A1; DE102008007077A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a starter device (10), comprising a thrust device (16) for pre-thrusting a drive pinion (22), with a pusher means (168), coupled to the drive pinion (22) by means of gearbox elements (187, 190, 197, 193, 200, 137), wherein the pusher means (168) moves between an idle position and an end position. In a first step (S1), the thrust device (16) is switched on and then the pusher means (168) is moved into a defined intermediate position between the idle position and the end position. Starter device (10) for internal combustion engines, comprising a thrust device (16) for pre-thrusting a drive pinion (22), with a pusher means (168), coupled to the drive pinion (22) by means of gearbox elements (187, 190, 197, 193, 200, 137), wherein the pusher means (168) moves between an idle position and an end position, wherein the thrust device (16) comprises a switchable magnetic path, which, in a position closed by the pusher means (168), defines an intermediate position for the pusher means (168) between an idle position and an end position. An intermediate core (166) is arranged between a first winding for pre-engaging (162) and a second winding for switching (165).

Description

description

title

Method for operating a starting device and starting device

State of the art

The invention relates to a method for operating a starting device and a starting device according to the invention according to the preamble of the independent claims. DE 10 2005 021 227 A1 discloses a starting device which is used in a vehicle which has a start-stop

Operating mode.

The starting device 10 is activated during the driving operation of a vehicle by the engine control unit 21, in which the internal combustion engine is switched off from there at the beginning of a stop phase of the vehicle, for example by detecting the rotational speed at the front wheels of the vehicle. In this way, first a control action is taken by the control unit 19 in a first stage to initiate a meshing operation of the starter pinion 13 into the ring gear 14 of the machine 15 by applying a metered field current to the starter relay 12 via the transistor Tri. About the plunger 17, the starter pinion 13 is now advanced axially via an engagement lever 24 for meshing in the ring gear 14. In addition, the starter motor 11 is metered by the control unit 19 via the transistor Tr2 via the motor terminal KI45 in order to turn the starter pinion 13 gently into the next tooth gap on the ring gear 14 in the tooth-to-tooth position.

The starter pinion 13 now spurs completely silent in the ring gear 14 of the machine 15 and is held by the starter relay 12 in this position. The switching contact 18 remains in the open position. Only when, for example, by actuating an actuator representing the driver's request, For example, the accelerator pedal, the driver's start request is detected by a corresponding signal of the engine control unit 21 to the control unit 19, the starter relay 12 is driven in a second stage for starting the engine 15 via the transistor Tri with increased current and thereby the switching contact 18 with closed full force. Thus, the starter motor 11 is connected via the switching contact 18 of the starter relay 12 to the terminal B + of the accumulator battery, not shown, and the internal combustion engine 15 is turned on immediately with full force.

The aim of the present solution is to control the starter relay even better and more precisely and to control the kinematic relationships between relay, fork lever and starter pinion even more precisely.

Disclosure of the invention

Advantages of the invention

The method according to the features of claim 1 for operating a starting device with a pushing device for advancing a piecing with a lifting means which is coupled by means of gear elements with the starter pinion, wherein the lifting means between a rest position and an end position is movable, wherein the thruster in a first Step is turned on and then the Hubmitttel is moved to a defined intermediate position between the rest position and the end position, has the advantage that the lifting means is moved to a precisely determinable position or intermediate position. Scatters regarding the achievement of the position by manufacturing tolerances of spring elements can be excluded.

The measures listed in the dependent claims expedient refinements and developments of the features specified in claim 1.

Because the lifting means is held in the defined intermediate position, the position of the starting pinion relative to a flange plane of the starting device is clearly defined within relatively narrow limits. One can therefore assume that the starter pinion in a flanged to the engine block of an internal combustion engine state then ideally has a very specific engagement position in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine.

Is the lifting means after reaching the intermediate position in the direction of

Moved end position to trigger an electrical switching operation, it is defined in time-limited limits, after which period of time the electrical switching operation is triggered. When the electric switching operation (start-up of the starter motor) is triggered by causing the lifting means to move a switching means for switching a main current of the starter motor, by which an electric voltage is applied to a contact and thus the starter motor is put into operation, then is relatively little effort the starter motor switchable. In addition, the starter motor is forcibly switchable, d. H. The starter motor is only switched on after it is very likely that the starter motor has intervened in the ring gear. Coordination disorders are not expected at this point.

To safely prevent a tooth-on-tooth position between the starting pinion and a ring gear is provided to move the starting pinion about its axis of rotation by an electric motor. For this purpose, it is provided that the starter motor is briefly energized, thereby rotating the starter pinion. This short-term energization of the starter motor happens before the switching means switches the main current of the starter motor.

In order to move the lifting means into a defined intermediate position and thereby advance the starter pinion in the axial direction to a ring gear (pre-grooves), it is provided that either a winding for pre-picking is energized for this movement of the lifting means into the defined intermediate position or a first winding for Pre-tracks and a second winding for pre-tracking is energized. For the just mentioned case, according to which two windings are used for pre-insertion, one of the two windings is switched off at the earliest when the intermediate position of the lifting means has been reached. The winding, which is turned off in this case, is a kind of pull-in winding - the winding, which generates the stronger magnetic field as a "pull-in winding" - whose magnetic field is not needed for the pure holding of the lifting means. However, winding is required to overcome the movement resistance (springs, masses, friction, etc.). The winding to be disconnected is switched off depending on time or position. Time-dependent means that the winding to be switched off is switched off for prealignment after a certain pre-set time. This avoids, for example, that a start-stop

Operating vehicle during the holding signal display a traffic light, for example, too long flow through this feed winding. As a result, energy is saved on the one hand, since the battery is less discharged and on the other hand, unnecessary or even excessive heating of the pusher by the electrical resistance of the coil (pull-in winding) is avoided. A position-dependent switching of the winding for pre-insertion is for example possible because the lifting means after reaching a certain position, here for example the intermediate position, mechanically shuts off the one winding for pre-picking.

In an analogous manner, either one winding for switching or two windings for switching can be provided. In the case where two windings are provided for switching, for the same reasons as in the aforementioned second pre-insertion winding, disconnection of one of the two windings - the winding which generates the stronger magnetic field as a "pull-in winding" - may be provided. When the end position has been reached, a time-dependent or storage-dependent switching can also be carried out as described above.

To minimize resistance to move the lifting means in the direction of

Having end position, it is provided that after the energizing of the at least one winding for switching, the at least one winding is switched off for pre-picking.

According to an independent claim, an inventive starting device for internal combustion engines is provided. Advantages have already been mentioned for the aforementioned method claims, so that only advantages of the device are discussed, provided that these differ from the aforementioned advantages. Thus, the intermediate core has as by at least one einspurwicklung excitable area has the advantage that thereby the position of the lifting means is very accurately adjustable.

The fact that acts between the lifting means and the return core a restoring force of a return spring can be achieved without particularly great circuit complexity, that the lifting means can take three different positions in the pusher. In addition, the return force ensures that the starter pinion can be moved to its rest position in the event of a fault (power failure) without damaging the ring gear or the starter pinion itself. Is provided as a design form of the intermediate core, that this is simply annular, so this is a particularly simple design of this core possible. Alternatively it can be provided that a cylindrical ring is placed on the annular intermediate core in the axial direction, which is preferably arranged parallel to the housing portion. On the one hand, this makes it possible to produce the annular intermediate core with particularly generous tolerances

(Cost savings) while maintaining high efficiency. The high efficiency is due to the fact that the joints between the annular part of the intermediate core and the cylinder ring are arranged in a plane which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the lifting means. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the intermediate core is cup-shaped, whereby the intermediate core has the shape of a halved ring which has a halved cylinder wall on its outer sides. This has the advantage that perpendicular to the moving means of the lifting means no more joint is present and thus the efficiency of this intermediate core is further improved. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the

Intermediate core has an opening through which projects at least one electrical conductor, which serves for the power supply of the at least one winding for toeing.

As a result, a pin firmly connected to the lifting means in the thrust direction faces a switching pin, wherein the switching pin carries a switching means, preferably a contact bridge of a starter motor current switch, a switch can be displayed in a particularly robust manner. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a spring element, the at least one winding for toe or the winding support against the intermediate core suppressed. This allows a relatively cost-effective way tolerance compensation.

Short descriptions of the drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to FIGS. Show it

FIG. 1 shows a starting device in a longitudinal section,

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a pusher, as used in the device shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 schematically shows the sequence of a method according to the invention,

4a and 4b, the intermediate core of Figure 2,

FIGS. 5a and 5b show a second embodiment of an intermediate core,

6a and 6b show a partial section through the switching means and a third embodiment of an intermediate core,

Figures 7a and 7b schematically show different configurations of windings for pre-insertion with one or two windings for switching.

Embodiments of the invention

FIG. 1 shows a starting device 10 in a longitudinal section. This starting device 10 has, for example, a starter motor 13 and a pusher

16 on. The starter motor 13 and the thruster 16 are attached to a common drive end plate 19. The starter motor 13 is functionally to drive a starter pinion 22 when it is meshed in the ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, not shown here. The starter motor 13 has a pole tube as a housing 28, which carries on its inner circumference pole pieces 31, which are each wrapped by a field winding 34. The pole shoes 31 in turn surround an armature 37 which has an armature packet 43 constructed from fins 40 and an armature winding 49 arranged in grooves 46. The armature package 43 is pressed onto a drive shaft 44.

At the end of the drive shaft 13 facing away from the starting pinion 22, a commutator 52 is furthermore mounted, which is constructed, inter alia, from individual commutator bars 55. The commutator bars 55 are in such a manner electrically connected to the armature winding 49 that results in energizing the commutator fins 55 by carbon brushes 58, a rotational movement of the armature 37 in the pole tube 28. An arranged between the pusher 16 and the starter motor 13 power supply 61 supplies in the on state, both the carbon brushes 58 and the field winding 34 with power. The drive shaft 13 is commutator side supported with a shaft journal 64 in a sliding bearing 67, which in turn is held stationary in a Kommutatorlagerdeckel 70. The commutator 70 is in turn secured by means of tie rods 73 which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pole tube 28 (screws, for example, two, three or four pieces) in the drive bearing plate 19. It supports the pole tube 28 on the drive bearing plate 19 and the Kommutatorlagerdeckel 70 on the pole tube 28th

In the drive direction, a so-called sun gear 80 connects to the armature 37, which is part of a planetary gear 83. The sun gear 80 is surrounded by a plurality of planet gears 86, usually 3 planetary gears 37 which are supported by means of roller bearings 89 on journals 92. The planet gears 37 roll in a ring gear 95, which is mounted outside in the pole tube 28. Towards the output side, the planet gears 37 are followed by a planetary carrier 98, in which the axle journals 92 are received. The planet carrier 98 is in turn stored in an intermediate storage 101 and a slide bearing 104 arranged therein. The intermediate bearing 101 is designed cup-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98, and the planet wheels 86 are added. Furthermore, the ring gear 95 is arranged in the cup-shaped intermediate bearing 101, which is ultimately closed by a cover 107 relative to the armature 37. Also, the intermediate bearing 101 is supported with its outer circumference on the inner side of the pole tube 28. The armature 37 points to the commutator 52 turned end of the drive shaft 13 to another shaft journal 110, which is also received in a sliding bearing 113, from. The sliding bearing 113 in turn is received in a central bore of the planet carrier 98. The planetary carrier 98 is integrally connected to the output shaft 116. This output shaft is supported with its end 119 remote from the intermediate bearing 101 in a further bearing 122, which is fastened in the drive end plate 19. The output shaft 116 is divided into various sections. Thus, the section which is arranged in the sliding bearing 104 of the intermediate bearing 101, a portion with a so-called spur toothing 125 (internal teeth), which is part of a so-called shaft-hub connection. This shaft-hub

Connection 128 in this case allows the axial linear sliding of a driver 131. This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension which is integrally connected to a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137. This freewheel 137 (Richtgesperre) further consists of the inner ring 140 which is disposed radially within the outer ring 132. Between the inner ring

140 and the outer ring 132 clamping body 138 are arranged. These clamp bodies 138, in cooperation with the inner and outer rings, prevent relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring in a second direction. In other words, the freewheel 137 allows a circumferential relative movement between inner ring 140 and outer ring 134 in one direction only. In this embodiment, the inner ring 140 is formed integrally with the starter pinion 22 and its helical teeth 143 (external helical teeth). The starter pinion 22 could alternatively be designed as a spur pinion. Instead of electromagnetically excited pole pieces 31 with exciter winding 34, permanent magnetically excited poles could also be used.

Subsequently, the Einspurmechanismus will be discussed. The pusher 16 has a bolt 150, which is an electrical contact and, in the case of being installed in the vehicle, is connected to the positive pole of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here. This bolt 150 is passed through a lid 153. This cover 153 closes off a housing 156, which is fastened to the drive end shield 19 by means of a plurality of fastening elements 159 (screws). In the pusher 16, a pre-insertion winding 162 and a switching winding 165 are further arranged. The pre-insertion winding 162 and the Winding for switching 165 each cause in the on state an electromagnetic field which flows through various components. It should be noted at this point that between the winding 162 for pre-tracking and the winding for switching 165 an intermediate core 166 is arranged. In this embodiment, the intermediate core is arranged as an annular plate between the two named windings 162 and 165. The function of these two windings in connection with the intermediate core 166 and other components will be discussed later. Among other things, this magnetic field affects a linearly movable armature, which is designated here as a lifting means 168, and possibly a return core 171. The lifting means 168 carries a push rod 174, which in the linear intake of the

Lifting means 168 is moved in the direction of a switching pin 177. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the shift pin 177 this is moved from its rest position toward two contacts 180 and 181. By this movement of the push rod 174 to the switching pin 177 this is moved from its rest position in the direction of two contacts 180 and 181 so that a mounted at the end of the switching pin 177 contact bridge 184 connects both contacts 180 and 181 electrically. It is thus a rigidly connected to the lifting means 168 push rod 174 in the thrust direction of a switching pin 177 opposite, wherein the switching pin 177 carries a switching means, preferably a contact bridge 184 of a starter motor current switch. As a result, electrical power is conducted from the bolt 150 across the contact bridge 184 to the power supply 61 and thus to the carbon brushes 58. The starter motor 13 is energized. However, the pushing device 16 or the lifting means 168 also has the task of using a tensioning element 187 to move a lever 190 arranged in a rotatable manner in the drive bearing plate 19. This lever 190, usually designed as a fork lever, engages with two "tines" or fork arms, not shown here, on its outer circumference a driver ring 197 located between two disks 193 and 194 in order to move the latter towards the freewheel 137 against the resistance of the spring 200 to move and thereby einzura the starter pinion 22 in the ring gear 25.

The housing 156 of the pusher 16 shown in Figure 2 in another embodiment has an approximately pot-shaped shape, wherein the housing 156 has a housing wall 202 and a housing bottom 204. This housing bottom 204 has an opening 207 through which the lifting means 168 extend. projects through. The housing wall 202, starting from the housing bottom 204, initially has a relatively thick-walled profile, which after a step 210 merges into a thinner-walled housing wall section 213. In the region of the thinner walled housing wall section 213, the intermediate core 166 is arranged. The intermediate core 166 has an annular portion 169 and a cylindrical annular portion 172. The intermediate core 166 abuts with an outer edge of the annular portion 169 on the step 210 and its annular end face.

The annular and disk-shaped portion 169 of the intermediate core 166 separates two different windings from each other in this embodiment. Thus, on the one hand between the annular portion 169 of the intermediate core 166 and the housing bottom 204, the winding for pre-insertion 162 is arranged, while on the other side of the annular portion 169, the winding for switching 165 is arranged. At the end facing away from the annular portion 169 of the cylindrical annular portion 172 of the return core 171 abuts. The return core 171 is configured such that a cylindrical annular portion 219 is disposed radially inside the winding 165 for switching. Another portion, here referred to as flange 222, starts from the cylindrical annular portion 219 and is at the end of

Reverse core 171 arranged that is applied by the lifting means 168. This flange 222 is designed so that the outer radial end 225 of the flange 222 with the oriented in the axial direction surface, which is directed to the housing bottom 204, on a flange 222 facing end face 228 of the cylindrical annular portion 172 is applied.

On the side facing away from the intermediate core 166 side of the flange 222, the lid 153 is arranged. The lid 153 has a bead-like thickening 231 at the end facing the flange 222. This radially outwardly directed thickening 231 serves for the housing wall section 213, which extends beyond this thickening 231, to be used to obtain a positive connection between the cover 153 and the housing 156 by so-called crimping or reshaping. Accordingly, a Umbörde- ment 234 serves for the corresponding attachment of the lid 153 on the housing 156th The winding for pre-insertion 162 and the winding for switching 165 are wound on a coil carrier 237 integral in the exemplary embodiment. This coil carrier 237 has a first flange 240 at its end facing the housing bottom 204. At its end facing the flange 222 of the yoke core 171, another flange 243 is formed. Between these two flanges 240 and 243, two further flanges 246 and 249 are arranged, which form between them a narrow axial annular space, which is not designated here. In this space, the annular portion 169 of the intermediate core 166 is arranged. All four flanges 240, 243, 246 and 249 are connected by a common pipe section 252. This tube section 252 extends between the flange 240 and the flange 243. The tube section 252 receives in its interior a sliding sleeve 255, which extends substantially from the flange 222 of the return core 171, starting through the opening 207 therethrough. This sliding sleeve 255 serves to offer the lifting means 168 a suitable and lubricant-coated sliding surface. The lifting means 168 has a substantially cylindrical outer surface and in its interior in the thrust direction a bore 258 in which a push rod 174 is arranged and fixed. This push rod 174 terminates in a diameter larger bore 261, in and around the push rod 174 around a compression spring 264 is arranged, which is supported at its end remote from the lifting means 168 at the return core 171. In the return core 171 and here in the cylindrical portion 219 a central bore 267 is also incorporated, in which the shift pin 177 is indirectly mounted. This shift pin 177 has, in the direction of the push rod 174, an annular groove 270, by means of which a sleeve element 273 is secured. This

Sleeve member 273 has an outer diameter which is adapted to the inner diameter of the central bore 267 and thereby the shift pin 177 is supported on the end of the central bore 267 directed to the lifting means 168. The outer diameter of the sleeve member 237 is also a guide for the compression spring 264, and thus prevents buckling to the outside. The compression spring 276 presses the contact bridge 184 seated on a spacer 279 against an end of the switching pin 177 facing away from the lifting means 168. The contact bridge 184 is mounted between the spacer and a washer 282. The washer 282 is mounted between the contact bridge 184 and a collar 285, with the collar 285 in one piece the shift pin 177 is formed. The collar 285 serves as a counter surface to a further compression spring 288, which is supported with its end facing away from the shift pin 177 on the inside of the lid 153. The compression spring 288 is arranged in an approximately cylindrical shape cavity. The bore 150 protrudes with its shaft 291 through an approximately cylindrical opening 294 in the cover 153. The bolt 150 has on the inside of the lid 153 has a head 297, on a contact bridge 184 facing surface a contact surface 300, preferably from Copper carries. Analogous to the bolt 150, a further bolt 303 protrudes through an opening 306, which is also cylindrical and leads through the cover 153. On the inside of the lid 153, there is also a head 309, which also carries a contact surface 312 on its side facing the contact bridge 184.

While the housing 156 with its one-piece sections housing base 204, housing wall 202, housing wall portion 213 and flange 234 of an electromagnetically excitable material (iron, steel), consists of the bobbin 237 of a plastic, which has here obtained by an injection molding process in its form. The intermediate core 166, the return core 171 and the lifting means 168, like the housing 156, are formed of an electromagnetically detectable material. The biasing winding 162 and the switching winding 165 are preferably made of a copper wire.

A spring element 315, designed here as a spiral spring, presses the coil carrier 237 against the flange 222 and supports itself on the opposite side on the housing bottom 204.

The pusher 16 has two switchable magnetic paths. The first magnetic path consists of the sections of the pusher 16, which are electromagnetically excited by the energizing or energizing of the pre-insertion winding 162. To these sections or areas of the

Pusher 16 includes the annular and disc-shaped portion 169 of the intermediate core 166, the portion of the housing wall 202 between the annular portion 169 and the housing bottom 204, the housing base 204 itself and the lifting means 168. Depending on the choice of material for the push rod ge 174 or Compressive spring 264, these are also electromagnetically excitable. If this magnetic path is electromagnetically excited, the lifting means 168 will move against the resistance of the compression spring 264 in the direction of the return core 171. The movement of the lifting means 168 will initially - with switched-off winding for switching 165 - end at the position which is sketched in the space between the lifting means 168 and the cylindrical annular portion 219. Correspondingly, the end face 318 of the lifting means 168 facing the return core 171 will be almost level with the intermediate core 166 or the axial end face of the annular section 169 which faces the winding for switching 165. In this case, the switchable magnetic path as already mentioned is closed.

This position describes an intermediate position of the lifting means between a rest position in which the lifting means 168 has reached the far leftmost state in the picture and an end position in which the end face 318 rests next possible on the return core 171.

In this intermediate position of the lifting means 168 or on the way there, has - with reference to Figure 1 - the lifting means 168 via the tension member 187 (often referred to as a paddle) and the lever 190, the driver ring 197, the disc 193, the Spring 200, the freewheel 137 with its cup-shaped outer ring 132, the clamping bodies 138 and the inner ring 140, the drive pinion

22 forwarded to a unspecified here and specified amount. In the most favorable case, the starting pinion 22 is already meshed in the ring gear 25 in such a way that partial overlapping of the teeth results.

It is thus a starting device 10 for internal combustion engines, with a pusher 16 for advancing a Andrehritzels 22, with a lifting means 168, which by means of gear elements (tension member 187, lever 190, driving ring 197, disc 193, spring 200, freewheel 137) with the starter pinion 22nd is coupled, known. The lifting means 168 is movable between a rest position and an end position. The pusher 16 has a switchable magnetic path which, in the closed state by the lifting means 168, defines an intermediate position of the lifting means 168 between a rest position and an end position. A main current of the starter motor 13 is not yet switched in this position, since a switching means has not yet closed the corresponding circuit. Accordingly, from the described a method for operating a starting device 10 with a pusher 16 for advancing a Andrehritzels 22 known, with a lifting means 168 by means of gear elements (tension element 187, lever 190, driving ring 197, disc 193, spring 200, freewheel

137) is coupled to the starter pinion 22, wherein the lifting means 168 is movable between a rest position and an end position. The pusher 16 is turned on in a first step and then moves the lifting means 168 in a defined intermediate position between the rest position and the end position.

FIG. 3 shows the method just described for operating a starting device, wherein the switch-on process S1 is synonymous with energizing the winding for pre-insertion 162 and step S2 is equivalent to moving the lifting means 168 into a defined intermediate position between the rest position and the end position. By energizing the winding for Voreinspuren 162 - as already mentioned - the lifting means 168 moves in said defined intermediate position. In a start-stop method or a vehicle that uses this method or that can be operated in this example, it is provided that the starter pinion 22 during a

Stop phase, in which the internal combustion engine and thus the ring gear 25 are not moved, is held in this ring gear 25. The starter pinion 22 is pre-laced. In other words, if the vehicle is at a traffic light set to "stop", for example, and the internal combustion engine is switched off, the drive sprocket 22 remains in the ring gear 25 during this stop phase. That is, according to a further method step S3, the lifting means 168 are held in the defined intermediate position, and the starting pinion 22 remains pre-loaded.

If it is then provided that the vehicle which has this starting device 10 is to be moved again, for example by actuating a so-called accelerator pedal and thus an actuating element representing the driver's request, the lifting means 168 is moved towards the end position after reaching the intermediate position trigger an electrical switching operation, step S5. Moving the lifting means 168 from the intermediate position out into the end position is possible because the winding is energized for switching 165, S4. As a result, a second magnetic path tries to close via the lifting means 168. Thus, if the winding is energized for switching 165, the magnetic lines via the return core 176, its flange 222, the cylindrical ring portion 172 and the annular portion 169 of the intermediate core 166 try to close and thus cause an electromagnetic force on the lifting means 168 already dwells on the axial height of the intermediate core 166 and the annular portion 169. In order to make this possible even when the winding for pre-insertion 162, a nozzle 321, which is integrally formed on the housing bottom 204, and the opening

207, be at least as long that the lifting means 168 can create unhindered by the nozzle 321 to the return core 171.

By the movement of the lifting means 168 in the end position and the push rod 174 is moved to the right. According to the embodiment shown here, the end face of the switching pin 177 directed towards the push rod 174 is not or only slightly touched during the movement of the lifting means 168 in the direction of the return core 171. In the further movement of the lifting means 168 from this intermediate position to the end position not only the resistance exerted by the compression spring 264 resistance is overcome, but in the direction of the end position and the resistance of the compression spring 288 and the compression spring 276. The push rod 174 presses on this movement the shift pin 177, this is pressed against the resistance of the compression spring 288 with the spacer 279 and the contact bridge 184 toward the contact surfaces 300 and 312, wherein finally the contact bridge with a facing to the two contact surfaces 300 and 312 surface comes into contact , Upon reaching this position of the contact bridge 184, the positive electrical potential applied to the bolt 150 is forwarded via the contact bridge 184 to the bolt 303 and ultimately guided by this bolt 303 via the known power supply 61 to the carbon brushes 58. The starter motor 13 is energized. Accordingly, one can designate the switching operation as a further method step S6, in which the starter motor 13 is energized by means of the contact bridge 184. This method step S6 is an electrical switching operation, which is triggered by the lifting means 168 moving a switching means in the form of the contact bridge 184 for switching a causes a main current of the starter motor 13, by which an electrical voltage is applied to a contact in the form of the bolt 303 and thereby a starter motor 13 is put into operation. The lifting means 168 mechanically actuates the switching means in the form of the contact bridge 184.

FIG. 4 a shows a longitudinal section through the intermediate core 166. The intermediate core 166 here has the annular portion 169 and the cylindrical annular portion 172. Furthermore, this intermediate core 166 shows a passage 330, which in this exemplary embodiment, see also FIG. 4 b, is realized as a slot of radial orientation in the annular section 169. This feed-through point 330 enables the power supply of the pre-insertion winding 162. The pre-insertion winding 162 requires at least one conductor to connect at least one connection of a connecting wire of the pre-insertion winding 162 to a positive potential. Alternatively, it is also possible to pass through two connection wires of the pre-insertion winding 162 through this passage 330.

FIG. 4b shows the spatial representation of the intermediate core 166. Clearly visible is the passage 330 in the annular portion 169. Also can be seen a dividing plane 333. This dividing plane is required in the integrally according to Figure 2 coil carrier 237 to add the intermediate core 166 between the two flanges 246 and 249 can. The intermediate core 166 is still pot-shaped, in which case the intermediate core has the shape of a halved ring which has a cylinder wall on its outer sides. The term "halved ring" is understood to mean a design of the intermediate core 166 which has a dividing plane 333 along which an axis of symmetry passes. As already mentioned, it is provided that the intermediate core 166 has a passage 330 through which at least one electrical conductor protrudes, which serves to power the at least one winding to toe 162.

The starter motor power switch can be realized in different ways. On the one hand, it can, for example, by the switching apparatus with the contact bridge 184, as described above, in conjunction with the bolts 303 and 150 and the corresponding periphery can be realized. Another way of implementing a starter motor power switch is described below.

In Figure 5a and Figure 5b, another embodiment of an intermediate core 166 is shown having a perforated disc 336 in this embodiment with a radially extending radial passage 330, this embodiment with the perforated disc 336 electromagnetically the same effect as the annular Section 169 achieved from the embodiment of Figure 2. The passage 330 could also be varied such that it would then constitute a continuous slot. In addition, a cylindrical ring 339 is shown, which has the same electromagnetic effect as the cylindrical annular portion 172 of the intermediate core 166 of FIG. FIG. 5b shows a longitudinal section through the combination of perforated disc 336 and the cylindrical ring 339. In the arrangement shown there, this intermediate core 166 could then replace the intermediate core 166 shown in Figure 2 if the bobbin 237 were made at least in two parts (i.e., the flanges 246 and 249 would be formed on two different parts). This condition applies insofar as that the intermediate core 166 according to the embodiment variant according to FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b could not be inserted into the coil carrier 237 according to FIG. Accordingly, the coil carrier 237 would have to be divided in the region of the annular portion 169 so that the cylinder core 166 according to FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b could be joined. In this case, first of all, the coil carrier part 237, which receives or picks up the winding for pre-insertion 162, would then be placed in the housing 156, then the intermediate core 166 according to FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b, and subsequently a further coil carrier, which would turn the winding for switching 165 absorbs or absorbs. In one-piece bobbin 237 replacement of the perforated disc 336 by two half-slices is necessary.

A further exemplary embodiment of an intermediate core 166 is shown in FIG. 6a in connection with FIG. 6b. In this case, in the one-piece coil carrier 237, as is known from Figure 2, an annular intermediate core 166 is used, which also has a dividing plane 333 due to the one-part of the bobbin 237 and therefore consists of two half-discs 342. In this embodiment as well, a passage 330 may be provided as shown in FIG Embodiment of Figure 5a is outlined. If the coil carrier 237 had two parts, ie if the flanges 246 and 249 were formed on two different parts, it would also be possible to mount a one-piece plate.

According to the intermediate core 166 shown in Figure 6a and Figure 6b, the housing wall 202 is not provided as in the embodiment of Figure 2 with two different wall thicknesses, but is in the section which is arranged in the region of the winding for Voreinspuren 162, designed as strong as at the region which is arranged in the region of the winding for switching 165. In other words, the housing wall 202 is continuous over the entire length of the winding to

Voreinspuren 162 to the end remote from the housing bottom 204 end of the winding for switching 165 uniformly strong. This material thickness m is preferably carried out to the end of the cylindrical annular portion 219 in constant material thickness m, which is furthest away from the housing bottom 204. In conclusion, here too the material thickness is made significantly narrower in order to encompass the bead-like thickening 231 by means of the beading 234. The embodiment of Figure 6a and Figure 6b can be modified by the coil support 237 is also made in two parts, in which between the two flanges 246 and 249 a separation is brought about. Then a simple punched intermediate core 166 can be interposed, which is made in one piece and accordingly has a simple perforated disc as a base. Also in this modification, the intermediate core 166 would have a passageway 330 which would have a radial slot for passing the leads for the winding to the pregroove 162. The radial slot could not only be designed as shown, for example, in FIG. 5 a, coming radially inward, but rather, for example, as a slot running radially outward to radially inward. In this case - but need not be so - a bridge 331 remain. This applies to all embodiments shown here.

The starting device 10 according to FIG. 1 with the pusher 16 according to FIG. 2 would function as an example for the variants of a starting device 10 or a pusher 16 having a winding for toeing 162 and a winding for shifting 165 as follows: In the event that the vehicle with such a starting device 10 in the so-called start-stop operation would be, for example, to an obstacle (traffic lights, traffic jams, etc.) moving vehicle or a control circuit, for example, by a braking process recognize that the operation of the internal combustion engine is not required. As a result, a controller (or controller) would shut off the engine and let the vehicle roll without drive. After the engine would have received the signal to turn off, the starter 10 would receive a signal, after which the starter pinion 22 should be pre-loaded either in the rotational speed-losing sprocket 25 or in the already stationary sprocket 25. Accordingly, the winding would be energized for pre-sampling 162. The lifting means 168 would make a movement to the right in the direction of the return core 171 due to the excitation in the magnetic path already described, and finally reach the already mentioned intermediate position in the region of the intermediate core 166. The gear mechanism between the thrust device 16 and the starter pinion 22 would cause the starter pinion

22 in the ideal case already at least limited in the ring gear 25 einlern. To ensure this state to be achieved, according to which the starter pinion 22 is to be meshed in the toothed rim 25, it can be provided by means of a control that the starter motor 13 is energized for a short time in such a way that it allows the starter motor to rotate and thus rotate it with its teeth the corresponding gear geometry of the ring gear 25 inserts. The wiring of the starter motor 13 may for this purpose, for example, be pulsed or, for example, with a lower continuous current (the time would be very short). The starting device would now be in a standby state in that the pre-insertion winding 162 would be permanently energized.

If the vehicle now receives a signal from which a control unit concludes that the vehicle should move away, then the thrust device 16 or its winding for switching 165 receives a suitable energization in order finally to move the lifting means 168 into its end position, so that this turns located at the return core 171.

About the gear then the starter pinion 22 is even further meshed in the ring gear 25. The contact bridge 184 connects the contacts 180 and 181 with each other, so that the starter motor 13 is energized via the power supply 61 with the main current and so that in engagement with the sprocket 25 located Andrehritzel 22 with large torque is moved about the output shaft 116 and thereby the internal combustion engine is turned on.

If the control unit determines that the internal combustion engine is running in the stable state automatically, the starting device 10 receives a switch-off signal, as a result of which the winding for switching 165 and also the winding for pre-recording 162 are switched off. As a result, the lifting means 168 moves out of the end position back toward the rest position, since the compression spring 264 presses this toward the rest position. The contact bridge 184 opens the circuit of the starter motor 13. The starting process is completed.

Notwithstanding this, it can be provided that after the start of energizing the winding for switching 165, the winding for pre-insertion 162 is switched off, it is ensured that the lifting means 168 can safely move in the direction of the end position. As a result, for example, the power consumption of the winding for

Pre-tracks 162 are reduced.

Starting from the starting device just described, the pusher 16 may be designed differently. Thus, for example, according to FIG. 7a, the winding for pre-insertion consists of two partial windings, namely a pull-in winding 340 and a holding winding 343. With such an arrangement, after the lifting means 168 has reached the intermediate position, the pull-in winding 340 will be switched off so that the holding winding 343 is alone holds the lifting means 168 at the intermediate position.

According to a further variant according to FIG. 7b, the winding for switching 165 could also consist of two different partial windings, on the one hand of a pull-in winding 350 and a holding winding 353. In this variant, starting from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7a, the winding would be used for switching or a control device after reaching the end position of the lifting means 168 turn off the pull-in winding 350 and only the holding winding 353 still be energized to hold the lifting means 168 in the final position. A further embodiment, according to which the winding for pre-insertion only consists of one winding and the winding for switching 165 comprises two windings as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7b is not described here in more detail, but can be used analogously to the previously described embodiments.

In the event that the vehicle as soon as possible to move away from the place where it is currently located, can be provided in the context of an "emergency control" that the winding for pre-insertion 162 and the winding for switching 165 - whether each as a winding with only one winding or winding with draw-in winding and holding winding - are energized at the same time to achieve an immediate and unbraked moving the lifting means 168 in the end position Such emergency control, for example, could be detected by a "kickdown" of the accelerator pedal. "Kickdown" the accelerator means here that either the pedal or an associated actuator, which represents the will of the driver or the driver, exceeds a certain actuating speed or, for example, a certain position of the actuator, which is connected to the gas pedal, is achieved although the internal combustion engine is not in operation.

In a further embodiment of the invention can be provided that the lifting means 168 indirectly actuates a switching means. While in the above-described embodiments, the lifting means 168 is a part of the switching means in the form of a relay or the contact bridge 184 mechanically actuated, could be provided, for example, that an organ detects the end position of the lifting means 168 and starting therefrom a remote from the starting device 10 switch operated, and then the starter motor 13 energized.

The time interval by switching the pre-charge winding 162 and the switching 165 winding may be both variable and constant, both controlled and uncontrolled. The time interval in the sense of "constant distance" can for example be such that in principle a certain time is set, after which the winding is energized for switching 165 (unless the driver previously an earlier start signal - so - are). The time interval between the switching on of the winding for toe-in 162 and the switching of the winding for switching 165 may be variable such that, for example, only after the actuation of an element such as an accelerator pedal or equivalent switch or an associated actuator, which is the will of the driver or the driver represents, the winding is energized for switching 165.

The mentioned winding for pre-insertion 162 and the winding for switching 165 or the respective pull-in windings 340 and 350 and holding windings 343 and 353 can also be located in a plurality of chambers. This means that, for example, the winding for pre-insertion separated by pull-in winding 340 and holding winding 343, for example, arranged axially one behind the other in two different chambers and separated, for example, by a flange. The same applies to a winding for switching 165, which would be composed of feed winding 350 and holding winding 353.

After the starting device has reached the safe self-running, at least the winding is switched off for switching 165, meaningful way no later than the winding for Voreinspuren 162th

The intermediate core 166 between the pre-insertion winding 162 and the winding 165 for switching is preferably made of iron, iron alloys or magnetically highly conductive material. The profile of the intermediate core 166 may be, for example, rectangular, or triangular, trapezoidal, n-shaped, oval and round.

If the starting device 10 or the pusher 16 is designed with a winding for pre-insertion 162 and a winding for switching 165, then the pusher 16 or its lid 153 next to the two bolts 303 and 150 two further separate connections, by means of which the two

Windings are controlled. If the two windings mentioned are each designed with a pull-in winding or holding winding, then the cover 153 has, in addition to the two bolts, four connections for driving the four windings. The starter pinion 22 could also already be fully meshed after reaching the intermediate position of the lifting means 168. There are then provide elasticities that deform with further movement of the lifting means 168 in the direction of the end position. For example. This applies to the spring 200, which could, for example, be further compressible or the fork lever 190, the example. Leaf-spring-like can still yield.

Claims

claims

1. A method for operating a starting device (10) with a pusher (16) for advancing a Andrehritzels (22), with a lifting means (168) by means of gear elements (187, 190, 197, 193, 200, 137) with the starter pinion (22) is coupled, wherein the lifting means (168) between a rest position and an end position is movable, characterized in that the thruster (16) in a first step (Sl) is turned on and then the lifting means (168) in a defined intermediate position between the rest position and the end position is moved.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting means (168) is held in the defined intermediate position (S3).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lifting means (168) after reaching the intermediate position in the direction of

End position is moved (S4) to trigger an electrical switching operation (S5).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical switching operation is triggered by the lifting means (168) causing the moving of a switching means for switching a main current of the starter motor (13), by which an electrical voltage to a contact (181) is applied and thereby a starter motor (13) is put into operation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the lifting means (168) mechanically actuates the switching means.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the lifting means (168) indirectly actuates the switching means.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the starter pinion (22) for safe prevention of a tooth-on-tooth position between the starter pinion (22) and a ring gear (25) is moved by an electric motor about its axis of rotation, in that the starter motor (13) is briefly energized before the switching means switches the main current of the starter motor (13).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that for moving the lifting means (168) in the defined intermediate position either

a. a winding for pre-insertion (162) is energized or b. a first winding for pre-insertion in the form of a pull-in winding (340) and a second winding for pre-insertion in the form of a holding winding (343) is energized, wherein the pull-in winding (340) is switched off at the earliest when the intermediate position is reached.

9. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that for moving the lifting means (168) in the end position either

a. a winding for switching (165) is energized or b. a first winding for switching in the form of a pull-in winding (350) and a second winding for switching in the form of a holding winding (353) is energized, wherein the pull-in winding (350) is switched off at the earliest when the end position is reached.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that after the energizing of the at least one winding for switching (165), the at least one winding for Voreinspuren (162) is turned off.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after reaching the safe self-running of the internal combustion engine, the at least one winding for switching (165) is turned off and before or after the at least one pre-insertion winding (162) is turned off.

12. Starting device (10) for internal combustion engines, with a Schubvorrich- device (16) for advancing a Andrehritzels (22) with a lifting means (168) by means of gear elements (187, 190, 197, 193, 200, 137) with the starter pinion (22) is coupled, wherein the lifting means (168) is movable between a rest position and an end position, characterized in that the thrust device (16) has a switchable magnetic path in the closed state by the lifting means (168) an intermediate position of the lifting means

(168) defined between a rest position and an end position.

13. Starting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the switchable magnetic path can be excited by at least one winding for pre-insertion (162), wherein the lifting means (168), an electromagnetically excitable intermediate core (166) and a housing region (16) can be generated by a magnetic field that can thereby be generated. 204, 202) is floatable.

14. Starting device according to one of claims 11 or 12, character- ized in that the pusher (16) has a switchable magnetic

Path defined in the state closed by the lifting means (168) an intermediate position of the lifting means (168) between a rest position and an end position.

15. Starting device according to one of claims 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the intermediate core (166) between a winding for Voreinspuren (162) and a winding for switching (165) is arranged.

16. Starting device according to claim 14, characterized in that a further switchable magnetic path through the at least one winding for

Switching (165) can be excited, with a magnetic field that can be generated thereby being swept through the lifting means (168), an electromagnetically excitable intermediate core (166) and a return core (171) at least partially opposite to the lifting means (168).

17. Starting device according to claim 16, characterized in that between the lifting means (168) and the return core (171) a restoring force of a compression spring (264) acts.

18. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the intermediate core (166) is annular and in particular a cylinder ring (172) is arranged parallel to the housing portion.

19. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the intermediate core (166) is pot-shaped, wherein the intermediate core (166) has the shape of a halved ring having on its outer sides a cylinder wall.

20. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the intermediate core (166) has a passage point (330) through which protrudes at least one, preferably two, electrical conductor, which is used for powering the at least one winding for Vorspuren (162 ) serves.

21. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that a with the lifting means (168) fixedly connected push rod (174) in the thrust direction a shift pin (177) facing, wherein the shift pin (177) a contact bridge (184) wearing.

22. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that this either

a. a pre-insertion winding (162) or b. the pre-insertion winding (162) has a pull-in winding (340) and a holding winding (343).

23. Starting device according to claim 21, characterized in that this for moving the lifting means (168) in the end position either

a. a winding for switching (165) or b. the winding for switching (165) a pull-in winding (350) and a

Holding winding (353).

24. Starting device according to one of claims 11 to 22, characterized in that a spring element (315) which presses at least one winding for pre-lacing (162) against the intermediate core (166).