WO2009093895A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble del et ensemble del fabriqué par le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble del et ensemble del fabriqué par le procédé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009093895A1
WO2009093895A1 PCT/NL2009/000009 NL2009000009W WO2009093895A1 WO 2009093895 A1 WO2009093895 A1 WO 2009093895A1 NL 2009000009 W NL2009000009 W NL 2009000009W WO 2009093895 A1 WO2009093895 A1 WO 2009093895A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leds
illumination parameter
led
assembly
desired illumination
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2009/000009
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hubert Johan Marie Robert Van Doorne
Petrus Johannes Maria Welten
Original Assignee
Eldolab Holding B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eldolab Holding B.V. filed Critical Eldolab Holding B.V.
Publication of WO2009093895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009093895A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
    • H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
    • H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/28—Controlling the colour of the light using temperature feedback

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a LED assembly having a desired illumination parameter and to a LED assembly produced by the method.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • white light LEDs use has been made of LEDs which provide a blue radiation.
  • a yellowish phosphor is applied which, excited by the blue light, provides for a yellow light emission.
  • the human eye perceives a mixture of the blue and yellow light as white light.
  • a problem is that manufacturing tolerances will translate into a variation of the mutual intensities of the blue and yellow light provided by the white light LED.
  • Production tolerances in the phosphor may for example affect a conversion of blue radiation into the yellow radiation, thereby affecting a balance between the blue and yellow radiation, which translates into a difference in color perceived by the human eye.
  • this problem may be solved by a selection of the LEDs.
  • the LEDs may be tested and classified in so called 'bins'. LEDs from a subset of the bins may be used for the specified purpose. Other LEDs may be discarded, or used for other applications.
  • illumination having a desired color may be obtained by this selection method, many unusable LEDs remain, as in practice it appears that most applications seek to apply LEDs from roughly the same bins, which may thereby result in a low production yield.
  • the invention intends to improve the above yield.
  • the method according to an aspect of the invention comprises:
  • a combination of illuminations from the selected LEDs to provide the desired illumination parameter Individual LEDs selected form the plurality of LEDs may thereby not meet the desired illumination parameter, however by grouping selected LEDs, an assembly thereof may combined be able to meet the desired illumination parameter.
  • a white illumination color being desired, selecting a blueish and a yellowish LED, a combined operation of the blueish and yellowish LED may in combination, effectively provide for a perceived whitish color to the human eye. Effectively, thereby LEDs which according to the state of the art would have been discarded for e.g.
  • the illumination parameter may comprise any suitable parameter, such as a color, color temperature, an area in a so called CCx, CCy color temperature diagram, etc.
  • the method may further comprise grouping, prior to the selection, the LEDs in groups, each group having an illumination parameter range, the selecting comprises selecting LEDs from at least two of the groups.
  • the selecting comprises selecting LEDs from at least two of the groups.
  • relevant combinations of LEDs which in combination result in the desired illumination parameter may be obtained due to a purposeful selection.
  • a slightly yellowish LED may be combined with a slightly blueish LED to obtain a white color.
  • two slightly yellowish LEDs may be combined with one more or less blueish LED.
  • each group may be defined by an area in a two dimensional color space.
  • the selecting comprises randomly selecting LEDs from the plurality of LEDs. For each combination of LEDs thus obtained, it may then be determined if the desired illumination parameter can be met. Statistically, if two or more LEDs are applied per group, the chances that such group will not be able to meet the desired illumination parameter, are lower than when performing the selection on each LED individually, thereby increasing a yield. Thereto, it may be tested if the randomly selected LEDs of the assembly are able to provide the desired illumination parameter, and the assembly may be sorted based on an outcome of the testing. Thereby, selection is performed only after the assembly, and possibly after a controlling of the LEDs so as to drive the LEDs in order to obtain the desired illumination parameter.
  • the plurality of LEDs are selected randomly from white LEDs having a characteristic outside the desired illumination characteristic.
  • the desired illumination characteristic can be to produce an essentially white light having a specific color temperature, e.g. 3000 K.
  • a random selection of LEDs is made that have a color temperature that is different from 3000 K. By doing so, white LEDs unsuited for producing the desired characteristic may still be applied resulting in a higher yield of the production of assemblies employing white LEDs.
  • the driving circuit may be arranged to control an intensity of each of the LEDs of the assembly so as to provide the desired illumination parameter.
  • the desired illumination parameter may be any of the above selections (randomly, in bins, etc).
  • more different combinations of LEDs may provide for a desired result.
  • a slightly blueish LED may be combined with a strongly yellowish LED, the slightly blueish LED being operated at a higher intensity than the strongly yellowish LED, to in combination obtain a desired white color illumination.
  • the driving circuit may comprise a light sensor feedback to automatically control the driving of the LEDs so as to provide the desired, combined illumination parameter.
  • the driving circuit may comprise a LED forward operating voltage feedback: the forward voltage, at a given operating current, providing for an indication of the LED temperature, thereby e.g. providing a temperature feedback control of the LEDs.
  • establishing the desired illumination parameter can be done in various ways.
  • it can be established during manufacturing and assembly of a configuration of e.g. randomly selected LEDs which operating conditions should be applied to obtain the desired illumination parameter.
  • an LED assembly comprises three or more white LEDs having a color temperature outside a desired operating point or range; by varying the duty cycles of the different LEDs, it can be established whether the combination of LEDs enables the generation of the desired illumination parameter or not. If so, the required duty cycles for providing the desired illumination parameter can be provided to the driving circuit (e.g. stored in a memory unit of the driving circuit).
  • the required duty cycles for providing the desired illumination parameter can be provided to the driving circuit (e.g. stored in a memory unit of the driving circuit).
  • the combination of LEDs may be driven in any configuration, in an advantageous embodiment, at least two of the LEDs are series connectable as depicted in fig. 2, the driving circuit comprising switches parallel to each of the series connectable LEDs, so as to activate one or more of the series connectable LEDs by opening the respective parallel switch.
  • a (constant or controllable) current source may be applied as a power supply.
  • the driving circuit may be arranged to operate the LEDs in pulsed mode.
  • any suitable pulse modulation such as pulse width modulation, pulse repetition frequency modulation, and many others.
  • intensities of the LEDs may be varied easily by e.g. duty cycle control.
  • the driving circuit may be arranged to avoid an effect of a change in operating current on characteristics of the LED (e.g. color) which may allow for a more precise control of the LED illumination output over a wide operating range.
  • the invention comprises a LED assembly provided by the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 a depicts a color diagram and bins defined in the color diagram
  • Fig. 1 b schematically depicts a color diagram and a first example of a randomly selected number of LEDs for producing a desired illumination parameter
  • Fig. 1c schematically depicts a color diagram and a second example of a randomly selected number of LEDs for producing a desired illumination parameter
  • Fig. 2 depicts a circuit diagram of (a part of) a driving circuit of a series connection of
  • White LEDs are created by using a blue LED which lights up a yellowish phosphor that results in a white color. Due to variations in the phosphors and LEDs the actual resulting color temperature of an LED after production is not under perfect production control. Therefore the
  • LEDs are tested after production and put in the specific "bin” that indicates its position in the CIE, in a band around the Planckian curve.
  • a certain lighting application may demand a certain LED bin or small set of bins. Due to the popularity of a few number of bins (4 out of roughly 50) there is a large production overflow on non-popular bins. The non-popular bins are sometimes even dumped ... Even the price difference between popular and non-popular bins (up to a factor of 4) cannot change the actual white color temperature limited bin demand.
  • Non-popular white LED bins are available with up to a factor of 4 lower cost.
  • a purpose of this invention may be to enable the use of non-popular white LED bins by color mixing multiple of these cost-effective LEDs, specifically selected by an algorithmic method (including random selection), at appropriate individual output levels in order to reach a demanded white color temperature.
  • Fig. 1 a provides an example of bins around the Planckian curve, many of them may be not popular.
  • the non-popular and therefore more cost-effective bins can be put to use by applying multiple white color mixing. Mixing at least 3 - 4 LEDs may be preferred for proper output color temperature setting without losing too much light output.
  • the 3 to 4+ LEDs (or more when LEDs from the same bin are grouped through series or parallel connections) will be non-popular bin selected in such a manner that setting them each to a preferably high duty-cycle the right mix is achieved for a particular colorpoint (or points when controllability is required). This requires LED characterization at the end of the production line in order to determine its bin and use its info to determine which LED bins to combine and which mix level to set.
  • the LEDs are purely random mixed into LED assemblies which contain several LEDs. After production these assemblies are tested and directly adjusted for operation at certain color temperatures and/or brightness levels. This results in a higher-usability factor of the LEDs and is therefore more cost-effective.
  • the LED assemblies can be grouped into LED assemblies that can be applied to realize certain operating conditions or application requirements i.e. provide a light source having a certain color temperature and/or brightness level. In order to determine whether an LED assembly can provide a certain output, e.g.
  • a certain LED assembly that is compiled by a random mixing process of the applied LEDs is found to be capable of realizing a certain desired illumination parameter, e.g. as a combined illumination parameter of the different LEDs of the assembly, the different LEDs e.g operating at different duty cycles, a driver circuit for the assembly can thus be programmed to operate the LEDs at the given duty cycles.
  • Fig. 1 b schematically depicts a first example of a randomly selected set of LEDs 100, 110 and 120 having an illumination characteristic outside a tolerance band of a desired characteristic 130.
  • the desired illumination characteristic is to provide an essentially white light (as the desired characteristic 130 is substantially located on the Planckian curve 140.
  • LEDs 100, 110 and 120 can be white LEDs (e.g. LEDs producing a blue or UV light arranged to excite a yellow or yellowish phosphor) having a different color temperature.
  • the desired illumination characteristic 130 can be established as, in the example shown in Fig. 1 b, the desired characteristic 130 is located inside a triangle 150 connecting the positions of the LEDs 100, 110 and 120 in the CEI diagram.
  • Fig. 1 c schematically depicts a second example of the application of a randomly selected set of LEDs 200, 210, 220 and 230 having an illumination characteristic outside a tolerance band of a desired characteristic 240.
  • the desired illumination characteristic 240 can be established in different ways as the characteristic 240 is both located inside a triangle connecting the positions of the LEDs 200, 210 and 230 in the CEI diagram and a triangle connecting the positions of the LEDs 200, 220and 230 and the polygone formed by LEDs 200, 210, 220 and 230.
  • the latter case may be advantageous as it may enable to operate the LED assembly in a more efficient way and results in an LED assembly having a larger operational freedom (e.g. with respect to the achievable color set point).
  • the 4 LEDs can be operated at a smaller duty cycle while providing the desired illumination characteristic compared to the situation where the desired illumination characteristic is established using only 3 LEDs.
  • the operating temperature of the LEDs can be lower thereby obtaining a more efficient operation and a prolonged life expectancy of the LEDs.
  • a damaged LED that interrupts the series connected chain can be bypassed in the series connection of LEDs by means of the parallel switch.
  • -network-ability by e.g. an optical, power-line communications or RF interface due to the availability of digital control. Networking may also allow for user changeable set-points
  • -duty-cycle dimming allows improved Planckian curve tracking by providing a suitable mix of the (possibly different) colors of the LEDs to obtain the desired white.
  • Thermal, optical, and/or forward voltage feedback may be applied, as outlined below: -thermal feedback maintaining color temperature is possible by measuring forward voltages of the LEDs.
  • a combined color may be found along a line between the color points of the individual LEDs in the diagram.
  • the combined output may be closer to the one or the other LED, and may be set by suitably balancing intensities.
  • Applying 3 or more LEDs, a triangle, quadrangle, etc may be formed in the fig. 1 color diagram, an effectively obtained output illumination will be found in said triangle, quadrangle, etc, a location of the obtained illumination in the diagram depending on the intensities and driving of the LEDs.
  • Figure 2 shows a single power supply PS comprising N LED groups which are individually driven from a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the number of LEDs that can be simultaneously ON is determined by the supply voltage divided by the maximum summed forward voltage of the LEDs.
  • the CPU includes a clock which is sufficiently accurate to enable time control at adequate pulse width resolution (for example 10 bits at 1 kHz, i.e. 1 ms divided by 1024: ⁇ 1 ⁇ s.
  • the CPU in this example controls the MOSFET switches by means of software, using a software-based pulse width generator, but a hardware-based generator is also an option.
  • the power supply PS in this example has two fixed current settings; one for when at least one group is active, and a low current setting (or even OFF) if not a single group is active.
  • the power supply PS can be an energy-inefficient linear (resistor or current-set transistor) or an energy-efficient switched version.
  • a switched power supply PS consists of a current-feedback power supply which in principle consists of a pulse width-driven switch which is usually based on an integrated circuit and comprises a coil, flyback diode and a storage capacitor. In the case of a switched power supply PS it is necessary for the power supply PS to have a considerably higher regulating frequency than the pulse width modulation, to avoid undesirable oscillation interaction between the two loops. In addition to this example comprising two fixed current settings, another option is to implement the CPU with a dynamic current drive arrangement.
  • the drive arrangement of the switches determines whether individual LED groups are active.
  • the switch is formed by a MOSFET, because of the low Rds-on (ON resistance) and actuation speed, but in principle, a transistor or even an (electronic) relay would be among the possible options. If a switch is ON, the current from the power supply will pass through the switch and not through the LEDs. If a switch is OFF all the current will pass through the LEDs, which will then light up. To avoid voltage and current peaks, the LED groups are driven in such a way, by means of a (hardware or software) algorithm that only one switch is actuated in each time interval. An example of an algorithm follows hereinafter.
  • the drive protocol of the LEDS over time can be static or dynamic (light show).
  • a dynamic drive protocol can comprise an autonomous software routine which drives a local lightshow.
  • the drive instructions can also be driven by a communications interface.
  • a single light fitting among a set of such fittings can be appointed to coordinate a lightshow towards the other fittings (master/slave) by means of a bidirectional communications interface.
  • the protocols for the communications interface can take many forms, for example direct control information for each color and each unit of time, or parameterized instructions.
  • the communications interface can consist of a galvanic, optical or RF link for data transmission purposes.
  • one LED group shown includes a single LED, one group includes two
  • LEDs connected in parallel and one LED group shown includes M LEDs.
  • the current will be split for each LED in this group, into two equal parts in the case of LEDs specially selected for this purpose (a customary principle in LED illumination). Allowing for component, current and voltage restrictions, the drive principle can be used in any combination of LED groups and LEDs in each group connected in parallel and in series.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble DEL présentant un paramètre d'éclairage souhaité, qui comprend : - la fourniture d'une pluralité de DEL, un paramètre d'éclairage des DEL dépassant une bande de tolérance du paramètre d'éclairage souhaité ; -une sélection pour l'ensemble DEL à partir de la pluralité de DEL, le paramètre d'éclairage d'une ou de plusieurs des DEL individuelles dépassant en tant que tel la bande de tolérance du paramètre d'éclairage souhaité et, - l'utilisation d'un circuit d'attaque permettant de mettre en œuvre les DEL sélectionnées. La combinaison des éclairages provenant des DEL sélectionnées procure le paramètre d'éclairage souhaité.
PCT/NL2009/000009 2008-01-21 2009-01-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble del et ensemble del fabriqué par le procédé WO2009093895A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NLPCT/NL2008/000024 2008-01-21
NL2008000024 2008-01-21

Publications (1)

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WO2009093895A1 true WO2009093895A1 (fr) 2009-07-30

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2237326A2 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2010-10-06 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Dispositif electroluminescent et dispositif d'affichage le comprenant
WO2010122312A1 (fr) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Photonstar Led Limited Luminaire en couleur de haute qualité
WO2011004019A1 (fr) * 2009-07-09 2011-01-13 Fricke, Christian Appareil d'éclairage
DE102010009718A1 (de) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Verfahren zur Gruppierung oder Kennzeichnung von Lumineszenzdiodenbauelementen und Lumineszenzdiodenbauelement
WO2011126975A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Cree, Inc. Dispositifs électroluminescents et systèmes dotés d'une chromaticité accordable et procédés d'accordage de la chromaticité de dispositifs et de systèmes électroluminescents
WO2013056117A1 (fr) 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Procédés et appareil de rétroéclairage de dispositifs d'affichage à modulation double
US20130298845A1 (en) * 2012-05-12 2013-11-14 Randall Blanchard Apparatuses, systems and methods for warning flying birds of hazards
EP2797388A1 (fr) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-29 Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Commande de moyens d'éclairage à l'intérieur d'une boucle de courant
US8950892B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2015-02-10 Cree, Inc. Methods for combining light emitting devices in a white light emitting apparatus that mimics incandescent dimming characteristics and solid state lighting apparatus for general illumination that mimic incandescent dimming characteristics
US10278251B1 (en) 2018-02-26 2019-04-30 Optic Arts, Inc. Light device system and method

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US20050135094A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Lee Soo G. Method and apparatus for producing untainted white light using off-white light emitting diodes
WO2006107199A2 (fr) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-12 Wart Hog Ii Holding B.V. Procedes et appareils d'exploitation de groupes de del a haute puissance
WO2007035883A2 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 California Micro Devices Corporation Circuit d'attaque de chaines paralleles de del connectees en serie
WO2007069200A1 (fr) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d'eclairage a diodes electroluminescentes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050135094A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Lee Soo G. Method and apparatus for producing untainted white light using off-white light emitting diodes
WO2006107199A2 (fr) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-12 Wart Hog Ii Holding B.V. Procedes et appareils d'exploitation de groupes de del a haute puissance
WO2007035883A2 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 California Micro Devices Corporation Circuit d'attaque de chaines paralleles de del connectees en serie
WO2007069200A1 (fr) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d'eclairage a diodes electroluminescentes

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8278670B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2012-10-02 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Light emitting apparatus and display apparatus having the same
EP2237326A4 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2011-04-13 Lg Innotek Co Ltd Dispositif electroluminescent et dispositif d'affichage le comprenant
EP2237326A2 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2010-10-06 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Dispositif electroluminescent et dispositif d'affichage le comprenant
US8339029B2 (en) 2009-02-19 2012-12-25 Cree, Inc. Light emitting devices and systems having tunable chromaticity
US8740663B2 (en) 2009-02-19 2014-06-03 Cree, Inc. Light emitting devices and systems having tunable chromaticity and methods of tuning the chromaticity of light emitting devices and systems
WO2010122312A1 (fr) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Photonstar Led Limited Luminaire en couleur de haute qualité
US9794991B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2017-10-17 Photonstar Led Limited High colour quality luminaire
US8783901B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2014-07-22 Photonstar Led Limited High colour quality luminaire
WO2011004019A1 (fr) * 2009-07-09 2011-01-13 Fricke, Christian Appareil d'éclairage
DE102010009718A1 (de) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Verfahren zur Gruppierung oder Kennzeichnung von Lumineszenzdiodenbauelementen und Lumineszenzdiodenbauelement
WO2011126975A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Cree, Inc. Dispositifs électroluminescents et systèmes dotés d'une chromaticité accordable et procédés d'accordage de la chromaticité de dispositifs et de systèmes électroluminescents
US8950892B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2015-02-10 Cree, Inc. Methods for combining light emitting devices in a white light emitting apparatus that mimics incandescent dimming characteristics and solid state lighting apparatus for general illumination that mimic incandescent dimming characteristics
US9642207B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2017-05-02 Cree, Inc. Methods for combining light emitting devices in a white light emitting apparatus that mimics incandescent dimming characteristics and solid state lighting apparatus for general illumination that mimic incandescent dimming characteristics
WO2013056117A1 (fr) 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Procédés et appareil de rétroéclairage de dispositifs d'affichage à modulation double
US9299293B2 (en) 2011-10-13 2016-03-29 Dobly Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and apparatus for backlighting dual modulation display devices
US20130298845A1 (en) * 2012-05-12 2013-11-14 Randall Blanchard Apparatuses, systems and methods for warning flying birds of hazards
EP2797388A1 (fr) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-29 Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Commande de moyens d'éclairage à l'intérieur d'une boucle de courant
US10278251B1 (en) 2018-02-26 2019-04-30 Optic Arts, Inc. Light device system and method

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