Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
  • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
  • H04B1/40—Circuits

Definitions

• the first type (a.k.a. advanced device - AD) and the second type (a.k.a. simple device - SD) may have different modulation schemes, bit-rates, superset or subset of the media access control (MAC), return channels, etc.
• the SD type device may require manual "pointing" of the device in the general direction of its target; whereas, the AD may automatically find its target device and maintain connectivity although the direct line of sight (LOS) path is blocked utilizing various advanced signal processing to produce beam steering and/or beam forming.
• LOS direct line of sight
• an AD device will have greater effective range and throughput than an SD, as will be discussed in greater detail later.
• AD may encompass devices with hybrid capabilities of the two most complex devices, while in contrast to the SD.
• SD device may encompass the capabilities of a hybrid of the two lower complexity devices. In all cases, however, the terms are to be considered relative in the context of this document.
• FIGURE 1 is a diagram depicting communication between two SD type devices.
• FIGURE 2 is a diagram depicting communication between two AD type devices.
• FIGURE 3 is a diagram depicting use of an SD type device embodied in a hand held apparatus in communication with a television receiver device.
• FIGURE 4 is a diagram depicting longer range non-line of sight (NLOS) communication using a TDS in a manner consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
• NLOS non-line of sight
• FIGURE 5 is a block diagram of a transceiver docking station with an inductive charger mechanism consistent with one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGURE 6 is another embodiment of a transceiver docking station with a wired charger configuration consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
• FIGURE 7 is a block diagram of a transceiver translator that uses no cradle or charging as an integral part thereof consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention.
• the terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one.
• the term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two.
• the term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more.
• the terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language).
• the term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.
• program or “computer program” or similar terms, as used herein, is defined as a sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system.
• a “program”, or “computer program” may include a subroutine, a function, a procedure, an object method, an object implementation, in an executable application, an applet, a servlet, a source code, an object code, a shared library / dynamic load library and/or other sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system.
• Reference throughout this document to "one embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, “an embodiment” or similar terms means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases or in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments without limitation.
• a lower power device e.g., having a simple antenna, line of sight (LOS) usage millimeter wave
• a more complex device e.g., having higher power, more complex antenna, non-line of sight (NLOS), etc.
• line of sight refers generally to a direct path between devices without substantial intermediate obstructions such as walls and the like, where "non-line of sight” implies the possible presence of signal interfering obstructions as opposed to limitations imposed by the curvature and terrain of the earth (however, such earth curvature and terrain limitations are not precluded).
• the two devices as originally proposed could be characterized as simple short range devices versus more advanced longer range devices.
• the simpler devices could be referred to as SD type devices or the like, and the more complex devices could be referred to as AD type devices.
• the two types of devices were proposed to have different modulation schemes, bit-rates, MACs, return channels, etc.
• the proposed SD type device required manual "pointing" of the device in the general direction of its target whereas the AD as proposed could automatically find its target device and maintain connectivity although the direct line of sight path is blocked (e.g., by use of beam forming and beam steering).
• the more complex device type (which can be considered an AD type device) is targeted for streaming media, typically uncompressed High Definition (HD) video, in a non-line of sight (NLOS) mode.
• HD High Definition
• NLOS non-line of sight
• Such applications generally call for a complex antenna system capable of beam steering and/or forming technologies, and significant power consumption for both the distance range (generally greater than 10 meters) and duration (continuous operation for hours).
• AD devices were generally devices having a range of around 10 meters; modulation more sophisticated than that used in SD type devices and may include orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or single carrier block transmission (SC-BT) or other complex modulation schemes; and the antenna system is generally implemented using a more sophisticated antenna array than that of SD type devices, such antenna arrays utilizing for example beam forming and steering and/or Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO) antenna technology to permit better performance in NLOS conditions and avoid the need for pointing the device toward the target, depending upon the particular specification and implementation thereof.
• One standards body (ECMA) has called such devices “type A”
• WiHD has proposed the names "station” or "coordinator”.
• AD type devices Data rate proposals for AD type devices were proposed to be in the range of approximately 1 and 10 Gbps, potentially increasing to 20 Gbps or more.
• the primary use case for a "type A” device is streaming uncompressed HD video with bit- rates in excess of 3.2Gbps MAC SAP.
• the second device type (which under the two device standards proposals could be referred to herein as the SD type device) was targeted for portable applications requiring low power, and typically using a simple perhaps directional antenna that would require the user to "point" the device in the general direction of use.
• the ECMA refers to such devices as type B or type C, with type C having a IM range and a type B having a 3M range.
• the primary application is for file transfer operating in an LOS (line of sight) environment from approximately less than one meter or less than several meters away from the receiving device.
• LOS line of sight
• streaming media from the SD type device is possible, but would present a power drain without using a charger and its utility would be further restricted by have limited range.
• SD devices utilize a simple un-steered (and likely directional) antenna configuration; simpler modulation such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), binary phase shift keying (BPSK), or on-off keying (OOK) modulation for example; ranges of ⁇ 1 meter or ⁇ 3 meters (but generally, less than about 5 meters can be assumed, but varies based upon the standard and implementation thereof); low power consumption to facilitate battery power; and data rates in the range of several hundred Mbps (e.g., 380Mbps was proposed for a type C ECMA device) to several Gbps.
• the standards bodies appear to be migrating from the more simple two device concept to a three device concept.
• a type I device might be characterized as having a complex modulation system such as OFDM with several hundred carriers capable of a relatively high data rate (e.g., 4-6 GHz, with specifications comparable with the originally proposed advanced device); Beam forming and beam steering capability permitting the device to steer an antenna beam around a slow moving object by using alternative and perhaps indirect paths, relatively higher power and the associated higher demands for power consumption.
• a type II device with intermediated capabilities evolved as features were added to the most simple device rendering it too power hungry for its originally intended use, but enabling it to have greater file transfer capabilities and longer range. As such, it evolved to have moderately complex modulation and intermediate power for ranges of approximately three meters or so.
• Such devices might, incorporate features such as beam forming, but might exclude beam steering for example. As with all proposed standards being discussed, the exact feature set is yet to be determined at this writing.
• a type III device more or less retains the character of the originally envisioned simplest of the two device scenario, having only simple modulation scheme(s) (e.g. ASK or OOK) with a simple directional antenna and low power for file transfer at less than about 500Mbps, and remains envisioned primarily for use in hand-held portable devices such as MP3 players, PDAs and the like.
• simple modulation scheme(s) e.g. ASK or OOK
• a type III device more or less retains the character of the originally envisioned simplest of the two device scenario, having only simple modulation scheme(s) (e.g. ASK or OOK) with a simple directional antenna and low power for file transfer at less than about 500Mbps, and remains envisioned primarily for use in hand-held portable devices such as MP3 players, PDAs and the like.
• an exemplary translator/transceiver consistent with embodiments of the present invention can take the lower data rates/simpler modulations of types II or III, transcode them to a high speed modulation of type I and use the advanced beam steering, beam forming and power techniques of type I while forming the appropriate framing, headers, preambles etc.
• the reverse is achieved in the reverse direction with the transceiver slowing the data transfer rate of the faster type I device by either buffering or using acknowledgements (ACK) or other control methods or combinations thereof to reduce the data rates to the type II and/or type II devices to that which they can support.
• ACK acknowledgements
• an AD/SD pair of devices could be any of the following: type I/type II, or type I/type III, or type II/type III.
• an AD/SD pair of devices could be embodied as a type I/(type II + type III), or a (type I + type II)/type III.
• Devices consistent with embodiments of the present invention are generally intended to maximize the available performance of the simpler device by supporting the optional modes to the SD while bridging to the supported modes for the AD.
• the SD and AD devices as discussed herein are generally defined in relative terms as discussed above.
• the standards for such SD and AD devices have not been finalized and are thus subject to change.
• the classifications are made relative to one another so that any two such mm wave devices can be classified in accord with their complexity and capabilities when compared to the other.
• the exact specifications called out above may not be strictly applicable by the time the standards are finalized. Relative terms such as higher or lower data rates or ranges are always used in connection with a comparison between the SD and AD devices.
• an adapter to convert the SD type devices to the AD type devices temporarily is provided such as for providing for more convenient communication within a home environment without the limitations imposed by the SD type device capabilities.
• FIGURE 1 one contemplated usage of a type SD type device is depicted.
• two SD type devices 10 communicate with each other using their respective antennae 14 over a short range, and likely in a line of sight communication modality with the two devices 10 being separated by a relatively short range (e.g., no more that a few meters, e.g., less than one to three or five meters), and probably without intermediate obstructions to the line of sight.
• a relatively short range e.g., no more that a few meters, e.g., less than one to three or five meters
• Such communication might generally be carried out by pointing the devices toward one another to capitalize on antenna directionality gain.
• Relatively simple modulation and detection schemes provide for data communication at comparatively low data rates under optimal conditions.
• the conventional type AD devices 20, are depicted in FIGURE 2 wherein the devices 20 utilize more sophisticated modulation, beam forming and/or steering antennae 24 and higher power transmission to permit NLOS communication over greater distances (e.g., around 10 meters or perhaps greater). While not depicted in the illustration, there may be various obstacles to line of sight without noticeable deterioration in the ability of the two AD devices to communicate.
• the SD type device is embodied in a hand-held appliance 30 having a simple antenna 34 which may find application in transmission of streaming video to a television receiver device 40 (e.g., television set, set top box, or other video receiver device) via its antenna 44.
• a television receiver device 40 e.g., television set, set top box, or other video receiver device
• the limited range of SD type devices could render its application inconvenient for the user since it is designed for lower duty applications and shorter range.
• the device might need to be held or placed within a short distance (e.g., one meter or so) of the television receiver device and stably pointed toward the television receiver device.
• an adapter to convert the SD type devices to the AD type devices temporarily is provided such as for providing for more convenient communication within a home environment.
• a transceiver docking station TDS
• a translation transceiver which translates or transcodes the respective communications carried out in both directions.
• embodiments consistent with the present invention may not incorporate an actual mechanical docking station or cradle, but may operate by simple placement of the SD in appropriate proximity to the translation transceiver.
• the term "docking station” is to be interpreted broadly to suggest that an SD device can be coupled thereto, electrically and/or mechanically.
• the docking station may incorporate a cradle or other mechanical structure that physically receives the SD device and holds it in physical juxtaposition so as to permit proper operation.
• the docking station may incorporate other mechanisms to provide for electrical connection for transfer of data and/or provide power to the SD type device.
• a transceiver docking station (TDS) 100 incorporating a cradle for receipt of the SD type device and a translating/transcoding transceiver is broadly depicted schematically in one embodiment in FIGURE 4.
• TDS 100 acts as a transceiver to the SD and relays the data from the SD while converting the transmitted and received signaling signals to a format that is compatible with an AD.
• the AD side of the docking station has all of the mandatory features of the more complex AD specification as well as all optional features, but this should not be considered limiting since the various optional feature set may continuously evolve.
• the docking station can be essentially non-contact, having a cradle to place the SD device that points the SD device towards the TDS SD radio antenna 104.
• the signals from the SD device are received (transmitted) and converted from an SD type MAC to an AD type MAC where they establish communication with the intended AD type device via the antenna 108 (preferably an intelligent antenna array) recipient device such as the television receiver device 40.
• null packets may be substituted as necessary in the AD communication stream.
• the TDS would utilize an AD transceiver and antenna array to support the NLOS communications.
• the TDS 100 acts essentially as an AD type device that allows the SD type device to "dock" with it (literally or functionally) and relays the SD type data and control signals with higher power to the intended recipient device using a more robust AD type communication channel.
• This allows an SD type device to, for example, send/receive content to/from an AD type device across a large room while running continuously.
• One exemplary use would be in the case of the Sink device (recipient device - e.g. the television receiver device 40) that does not have sufficient storage space or for some other reason is unable to receive a file transfer from the SD type device, thus necessitating file streaming.
• the disadvantage of the limited range is eliminated, and thus the possible necessity of standing less than 1 meter from the television receiver device 40 while pointing an SD device at the television receiver device to stream a movie from a portable device such as SD type device 30, for example.
• AGC can be utilized to produce appropriate signal levels for the distance involved.
• the control channels of AD and SD type device standards are supported as required to implement any required control signaling, and translation between AD and SD type signaling.
• the SD 30 and TDS 100 would be able to readily signal one another to reduce power to an optimal low power level.
• This low power level for transmission from the SD type device 30 will serve to extend the battery life of the SD type device 30 while allowing for spectral re-use and minimizing interference.
• Shielding can be used in the TDS 100 to prevent the AD type device's transmitted signal from interfering with the SD type device 30 in the case of AD spectral re-use or other interference.
• the throughput of the transceiver docking station 100 when transmitting is limited to the lower throughput of the SD type device 30, but the data rate may exceed that of the SD type device 30, hence, insertion of null packets or other information can be used for data rate matching.
• a power supply or charger circuit can be provided to the docking station to charge or power the SD type device. This can be realized in the form of simple power plug connector or contacts or by non-contact inductive charging. Such charging circuits are optional and may not appear in all embodiments consistent with the present invention.
• FIGURE 5 a transceiver docking station 100 consistent with certain embodiments is depicted.
• the type SD device 30 docks in a cradle or other convenient receptacle, shown schematically as 112, in order to place the SD type device 30 in close proximity to the TDS 100 and appropriately orient the antenna for good reception by TDS 100 at antenna 104.
• an inductive charging mechanism 116 is provided in order to charge / recharge / power the SD type device 30, but other arrangements are also possible as will be described later.
• the TDS 100 may take a number of forms from a circuit perspective, with a relatively detailed representation shown in this figure. It should be noted, however, that the exact circuit configuration may vary in accord with the final specifications for SD and AD type devices as the standards evolve, without departing from embodiments consistent with the present invention.
• signals from the SD type device are received at the antenna 104 and are processed by a receiver portion of an SD type transceiver 120 to produce a down-converted signal for processing.
• the signal from the SD type device may be processed by a low noise amplifier (LNA) as part of the receiver's operation and such LNA 124 is shown externally for convenience but can be considered a part of the receiver portion of transceiver 124.
• LNA low noise amplifier
• LNA 124 is generally located early in the signal chain in order to preserve the signal to noise ratio of the incoming signal rather than at the output and may also provide gains of ⁇ 1 in order to attenuate an input signal that is too strong.
• LNA 124 may in fact be realized as an attenuator in some embodiments.
• the LNA 124 may incorporate AGC (not shown).
• the down-converted signal is passed to the type SD demodulator / decoder 128 which demodulates the SD signal in accord with any (and preferably all) of the modulation schemes provided for the SD type device standard.
• the demodulating and decoder 128 also preferably incorporates a forward error correction decoder and encoder (FEC) 132 shown externally in this illustration for error correction of data and signaling received from the type SD device 30.
• FEC forward error correction decoder and encoder
• the SD demodulator / decoder 128 also incorporates a clock recovery circuit
• phase locked loop PLL
• reference clock for recovery of clocking information from the received signal from the SD type device 30 so as to synchronize with the SD type device 30 and permit accurate data recovery.
• PLL phase locked loop
• Such clock recovery can be carried out in any conventional manner.
• the type AD device may have a much larger bandwidth than the type SD device, so packet stuffing can be used at 146 to provide filler to equalize the transmitted data rate between the two formats.
• the output of the type AD encoder / modulator is then supplied to a type AD transmitter 150, which may be AGC controlled by AGC 154 in order to reduce transmitted power to that needed for solid communications with the recipient device (e.g., TV 40).
• the transmitter then delivers its output to intelligent antenna array 108 for transmission.
• Antenna array 108 may operate using beam forming and steering control 154 in accord with proposed standards.
• the present embodiment presumes two-way communication, in which case the intelligent antenna array 108 (or a separate intelligent antenna array) also receives incoming signals, for example from the television receiver device 40, and the antenna characteristics are manipulated by block 154 to optimize reception of same.
• the received signal at the intelligent antenna array 108 is processed at AD type receiver 160 to down-convert the received signal for decoding and demodulation at type AD demodulator / decoder 164.
• type AD receiver 160 may incorporate a low noise amplifier 168 or attenuator
• type AD demodulator / decoder 164 may incorporate a clock recovery circuit 172.
• the signaling translation from AD type signaling to SD type signaling is carried out at 176 and such signaling is passed along to a data buffer 182 that is used to assist in data rate equalization of the potentially higher data rate type AD data when converted to type SD data.
• the device 100 may also signal the AD source of data to "throttle" the data rate using various signaling techniques (such as for example acknowledgement protocols or other data rate matching techniques) in order to match the lower abilities of the SD device 30.
• the demodulated data are similarly error corrected and error correction encoded at FEC 186 and this data are similarly passed along to type SD modulator / encoder 190 for transmission by the transmitter portion of transceiver 120 to the SD device 30.
• the block size for type AD and type SD communication standards may not be the same (e.g., a 10X10 block of data versus a 16x22 block, by way of an illustrative example - not per the standard which is still under debate).
• the demodulation and decoding operation as well as the modulation and encoding operations described above would, in part, involve converting the data from one block format to another.
• the Forward Error Correction discussed is intended to represent schematically the functions of both correction of errors in received data as well as adding error correction encoding to data that are to be retransmitted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the location and specific arrangement of the FEC blocks may be altered from that shown in order to accomplish these functions.
• the FEC block can form a part of the demodulation function. This FEC block identifies and corrects errors in the demodulated data. Another FEC block forms a part of the encoding and modulating block in order to add error correction encoding to the outgoing data.
• the FECs for the type SD devices and the type AD devices may not necessarily be the same, just as the block sizes may vary. However, in any event, the error correction encoding should conform to the SD or AD standard to which they are applied, once such standards are established. Moreover, in preferred embodiments, each device would optimize the block size and FEC per mandatory and optional standards that apply.
• the type SD demodulator / decoder should support all required modulation types and data rates as well as all optional modulation and data rates. When so implemented, this allows the transceiver to communicate with any type SD device and can arrange for a communication mode which maximizes the communication link to the fastest the type SD device can support.
• the type AD encoder / modulator similarly should preferably support all mandatory modulation schemes and data rates as well as all optional modulation schemes and data rates in order to permit the transceiver to communicate with any type AD device while maximizing the communication link for the fastest communication the that the type AD device supports.
• FIGURE 6 another embodiment 200 of a TDS is depicted.
• This embodiment may, for example, be identical to the embodiment shown as TDS 100 in FIGURE 5, except that the charging mechanism 216 is directly wired via any suitable hard connection terminals or wiring rather than reliance upon inductive charging as in charger 116.
• both direct and indirect charging (and power supply) functions are contemplated in any number of variations in varying embodiments.
• the transceiver diagram has been simplified somewhat by omitting explicit inclusion of clock recovery and LNAs, but it is to be understood that these functions may be carried out within associated functional blocks. Deletion from this illustration is for simplifying the illustration; however, many realizations may be possible without departing from embodiments consistent with the present invention and will be evident to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the present teachings.
• FIGURE 7 depicts yet another embodiment 300 wherein a docking station or cradle device may or may not be present and a charging mechanism is not depicted.
• the translation from SD to AD and AD to SD can be carried out independently of any charging operation and may be realized in a translation transceiver that functions equivalently with the SD type device 30 merely place within proximity of the translation transceiver device 300 without a physical interconnection of any sort.
• Such an embodiment may be operated by merely, for example, placing the type SD device on a table or other location close to the translation transceiver 300.
• Any charging or powering functions used by the type SD device may be independently utilized in a normal manner to either charge or power the device without need for such power to be supplied by the translation transceiver 300.
• a translation transceiver device has a 60GHz band receiver for receiving SD type device compatible transmissions.
• a demodulator demodulates the SD type transmissions.
• a decoder decodes the demodulated SD type transmissions into received data.
• An AD type encoder encodes the received data to produce AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type modulator modulates the AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type 60GHz band transmitter transmits the modulated AD type transmitter compatible data.
• a 60GHz band receiver receives AD type device compatible transmissions.
• a demodulator demodulates the AD type transmissions.
• a decoder decodes the demodulated AD type transmissions into received data.
• An SD type encoder encodes the received data to produce SD type transmitter compatible data.
• An SD type modulator modulates the SD type transmitter compatible data.
• An SD type 60GHz band transmitter transmits the modulated SD type transmitter compatible data.
• the translation transceiver device further has a charger for charging a battery of the SD type transceiver.
• the AD type transmitter transmits and the AD type receiver receives using a beam formable and steerable antenna array.
• the translation transceiver device has a cradle for mechanically receiving the SD type device.
• the translation transceiver device has a power source for supplying power to the SD type device for charging or power the SD type device.
• the power source can be either a direct connecting power source or an inductive power source.
• a translation transceiver device has a 60GHz band receiver for receiving SD type device compatible transmissions.
• a demodulator demodulates the SD type transmissions.
• a decoder decodes the demodulated SD type transmissions into received data.
• An AD type encoder encodes the received data to produce AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type modulator modulates the AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type 60GHz band transmitter transmits the modulated AD type transmitter compatible data.
• the translation transceiver device has a charging circuit for charging a battery of the SD type transceiver.
• the translation transceiver device has a 60GHz band receiver for receiving AD type device compatible transmissions; a demodulator for demodulating the AD type transmissions; a decoder for decoding the demodulated AD type transmissions into received data; an SD type encoder for encoding the received data to produce SD type transmitter compatible data; an SD type modulator for modulating the SD type transmitter compatible data; an SD type 60GHz band transmitter for transmitting the modulated SD type transmitter compatible data; and wherein the AD type transmitter includes a beam formable and steerable antenna array.
• the translation transceiver device has a cradle for mechanically receiving the SD type device.
• the translation transceiver device has a power source for supplying power to the SD type device for charging or power the SD type device.
• the power source comprises one of a direct connecting power source and an inductive power source.
• Another translation transceiver device has a 60GHz band receiver for receiving SD type device compatible transmissions.
• a demodulator demodulates the SD type transmissions.
• a decoder decodes the demodulated SD type transmissions into received data.
• An AD type encoder encodes the received data to produce AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type modulator modulates the AD type transmitter compatible data.
• An AD type 60GHz band transmitter transmits the modulated AD type transmitter compatible data.
• a 60GHz band receiver receives AD type device compatible transmissions.
• a demodulator demodulates the AD type transmissions.
• a decoder decodes the demodulated AD type transmissions into received data.
• An SD type encoder encodes the received data to produce SD type transmitter compatible data.
• An SD type modulator modulates the SD type transmitter compatible data.
• An SD type 60GHz band transmitter transmits the modulated SD type transmitter compatible data.
• a beam formable and steerable antenna array is provided, wherein the AD type transmitter and AD type receiver uses the beam formable and steerable antenna array.
• a cradle mechanically receives the SD type device.
• a power source supplies power to the SD type device for charging or power the SD type device.
• the power source comprises one of a direct connecting power source and an inductive power source.
• first and second clock recovery circuits recover clock signals from the AD type received signal and the SD type received signal respectively.
• the SD type device can be a device with hybrid capabilities of a type I device and a type II device.
• the AD type device can be a device with hybrid capabilities of a type II device and a type III device, hi certain of any of the above embodiments, the SD type device can be one of a type I device and a type II device. In certain of any of the above embodiments, the AD type device can be one of a type II device and a type III device.

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