WO2009085001A1 - Low alloyed steel powder - Google Patents
Low alloyed steel powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009085001A1 WO2009085001A1 PCT/SE2008/051511 SE2008051511W WO2009085001A1 WO 2009085001 A1 WO2009085001 A1 WO 2009085001A1 SE 2008051511 W SE2008051511 W SE 2008051511W WO 2009085001 A1 WO2009085001 A1 WO 2009085001A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- content
- powder
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- composition
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a low alloyed iron-based powder, a powder composition containing the powder and other additives, and a component made by compaction and sintering of the iron-base powder composition containing the new low alloyed steel powder.
- the mechanical properties of the component made from the invented powder are comparable with the mechanical properties of a component made from a more highly alloyed, and more expensive diffusion bonded powder.
- the sintered component contains a certain amount of pores decreasing the strength of the component.
- the strength of the sintered component may by increased by introducing alloying elements such as carbon, copper, nickel molybdenum etc.
- the porosity of the sintered component may be reduced by increasing the compressibility of the powder composition, and/or increasing the compaction pressure for a higher green density, or increasing the shrinkage of the component during sintering. In practise a combination of strengthening the component by addition of alloying elements and minimising the porosity are applied.
- compositions of low-alloyed steel powders, and methods for compaction of these powders are known for production of PM component showing high strength and hardness.
- a characteristic property of PM components is a relative low toughness compared to wrought steel materials.
- the so called diffusion alloyed iron based powders having a relatively high compressibility despite being "highly" alloyed, provides possibilities for producing compacted and sintered bodies having a high toughness and high elongation in combination with a high strength compared to prealloyed powders.
- US 4 266 974 discloses examples of alloyed powders outside the claimed scope containing only manganese and chromium as intentionally added alloying elements.
- the examples contains 2.92 % of chromium in combination with 0.24 % of manganese, 4.79 % of chromium in combination with 0.21 % by weight of manganese or 0.55 % of chromium in combination with 0.89 % by weight of manganese.
- JP59173201 a method of reduction annealing of a low alloyed steel powder containing chromium, manganese and molybdenum, one example shows a powder having a chromium content of 1.14 % by weight and a manganese content of 1.44 % by weight as the only intentionally added alloying elements.
- a chromium, manganese and molybdenum based pre-alloyed steel powder is described in US 6 348 080.
- WO03/106079 teaches a chromium, manganese and molybdenum alloyed steel powder having lower content of alloying elements compared the steel powder described in US 6 348 080.
- the powder is suitable to form bainitic structures at a carbon content above about 0.4 % by weight.
- An object of the invention is to provide an alloyed iron-based powder suitable for producing compacted and sintered components, the powder being essentially free from costly alloying elements such as molybdenum and nickel.
- a water atomised prealloyed iron-based steel powder which comprises by weight- %: 0.4-2.0 Cr, 0.1-0.8 Mn, less than 0.1 V, less than 0.1 Mo, less than 0.1 Ni, less than 0.2 Cu, less than 0.1 C, less than 0.25 O, less than 0.5 of unavoidable impurities, and the balance being iron.
- An iron-based powder composition based on the steel powder and mixed with 0.35- 1 % by weight of the composition of graphite, 0.05-2 % by weight of the composition of lubricants and optionally copper in an amount up to 3 %, hard phase materials and machinability enhancing agents.
- a method of producing a sintered component comprising the steps of; a) preparing the iron-based steel powder composition based on the steel powder, b) subjecting the composition to compaction between 400 and 2000 MPa, c) sintering the obtained green component in a reducing atmosphere at temperature between 1000-1400 0 C, d) optionally forging the heated component at a temperature above 500 0 C or subjecting the obtained sintered component to a heat treatment or hardening step.
- the steel powder has low and defined contents of chromium and manganese and is essentially free from molybdenum, nickel and vanadium.
- the steel powder is produced by water atomization of a steel melt containing defined amounts of alloying elements.
- the atomized powder is further subjected to a reduction annealing process such as described in the US patent 6,027,544, herewith incorporated by reference.
- the particle size of the steel powder could be any size as long as it is compatible with the press and sintering or powder forging processes. Examples of suitable particle size is the particle size of the known powder ABClOO.30 available from Hoganas AB, Sweden, having about 10 % by weight above 150 ⁇ m and about 20 % by weight below 45 ⁇ m .
- Chromium serves to strengthen the matrix by solid solution hardening. Furthermore, chromium will increase the hardenability, oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance of the sintered body. A content of chromium above 2.0 wt% will however reduce the compressibility of the steel powder and render the formation of a ferritic/pearlitic microstructure more difficult. Preferably from the viewpoint of compressibility the maximum content is about 1.8 wt%, even more preferred 1.5 wt%. A Cr content below 0.4 % by weight will have insignificant effect on desired properties. Preferably, the chromium content is at least 0.5 wt%.
- Manganese will, as for chromium, increase the strength, hardness and hardenability of the steel powder.
- a content above 0.8 wt% will increase the formation of manganese containing inclusion in the steel powder and will also have a negative effect on the compressibility due to solid solution hardening and increased ferrite hardness.
- the manganese content is below 0.7 wt%, even more preferably the manganese content is below 0.6 wt%.
- the manganese content is preferably at least 0.2 wt%, even more preferred 0.3 wt%.
- the manganese content should be between 0.1-0.8 wt%, preferably 0.2-0.7 wt%, even more preferred 0.3-0.6 wt%.
- the total amount of chromium and manganese, which to some extent are exchangeable with each other should not be more than 2.5 % by weight, preferably not more than 2.3 % by weight, most preferably not more than 2.0 % by weight.
- the low chromium content is compensated by a comparably high manganese content in the range of 0.6-0.8 wt%, preferably 0.7-0.8 wt%.
- a comparably high manganese content in the range of 0.6-0.8 wt%, preferably 0.7-0.8 wt%.
- the manganese content is at most 0.5 wt%
- the chromium content is at least 1.0 wt%
- the manganese content is at most 0.4 wt%, preferably at most 0.3 wt%.
- Oxygen suitably is at most 0.25 wt%, to prevent formation of oxides with chromium and manganese that impairs strength and compressibility of the powder. For these reasons oxygen preferably is at most 0.18 wt%.
- Vanadium and nickel should be less than 0.1 wt% and copper less than 0.2 wt%. A too high content of these elements will have a negative effect on compressibility and may increase costs. Also, the presence of nickel will suppress ferrite formation, thus promoting a brittle pearlitic/bainitic structure. Molybdenum should be less than 0.1 wt% to prevent bainite to be formed as well as to keep costs low since molybdenum is a very expensive alloying element.
- Carbon in the steel powder shall be at most 0.1 % by weight and oxygen at most 0.25 % by weight. Higher contents will unacceptably reduce the compressibility of the powder. For the same reason nitrogen shall be kept less than 0.1 wt%.
- the total amount of inevitable impurities should be less than 0.5 % by weight in order not to impair the compressibility of the steel powder or act as formers of detrimental inclusions.
- the iron-based steel powder is mixed with graphite and lubricants.
- Graphite is added in an amount between 0.35-1.0 % by weight of the composition and lubricants are added in an amount between 0.05-2.0 % by weight of the composition.
- copper in the form of copper powder may be added in an amount up to 3 % by weight.
- nickel powder up to 5% by weight with or without additional copper powder may be added to the composition by admixing.
- carbon is introduced in the matrix.
- Carbon is added as graphite in amount between 0.35-1.0 % by weight of the composition.
- An amount less than 0.35 % by weight will result in a too low strength and an amount above 1.0 % will result in an excessive formation of carbides yielding a too high hardness, insufficient elongation and impair the machinability properties.
- the component is heat treated with a heat treatment process including carburising; the amount of added graphite may be less than 0.35 %.
- Copper is a commonly used alloying element in the powder metallurgical technique. Copper will enhance the strength and hardness through solid solution hardening. Copper will also facilitate the formation of sintering necks during sintering as copper melts before the sintering temperature is reached providing so called liquid phase sintering which is much faster than sintering in solid state. In a certain embodiment copper may be added in an amount up to 3% by weight.
- Nickel is a commonly used alloying element in the powder metallurgical technique.
- Nickel will enhance the strength and hardness through solid solution hardening. Nickel will also strengthen the sintering necks during sintering. In a certain embodiment nickel may be added in an amount up to 5% by weight.
- Lubricants are added to the composition in order to facilitate the compaction and ejection of the compacted component.
- the addition of less than 0.05 % by weight of the composition of lubricants will have insignificant effect and the addition of above 2 % by weight of the composition will result in a too low density of the compacted body.
- Lubricants may be chosen from the group of metal stearates, waxes, fatty acids and derivates thereof, oligomers, polymers and other organic substances having lubricating effect.
- hard phase materials such as MnS, MoS 2 , CaF 2 , and different kinds of minerals etc. may be added.
- machinability enhancing agents such as MnS, MoS 2 , CaF 2 , and different kinds of minerals etc.
- the iron-based powder composition is transferred into a mould and subjected to a compaction pressure of about 400-2000 MPa to a green density of above about 6.75 g/cm 3 .
- the obtained green component is further subjected to sintering in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of about 1 000-1 400 0 C, preferably between about 1100- 1300 0 C.
- the sintered component may be subjected to a hardening process for obtaining desired microstructure through heat treatment including cooling at a controlled cooling rate.
- the hardening process may include known processes such as case hardening, nitriding, induction hardening and the like. In case that heat treatment includes carburising the amount of added graphite may be less than 0.35 %.
- the sintered component may be subjected to a forging operation in order to reach full density.
- the forging operation may be performed either directly after the sintering operation when the temperature of the component is about 500-1 400 0 C, or after cooling of the sintered component, the cooled component is then reheated to a temperature of about 500-1 400° C prior to the forging operation.
- the present invention provides a new iron-based prealloyed powder for the manufacture of sintered components having tensile strength and elongation comparable with the corresponding values obtained from a diffusion bonded powder containing higher total amount of alloying elements, and more expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum.
- the present invention provides a chromium and manganese pre-alloyed iron-based powder, a composition containing the powder, as well as a compacted and sintered component made from the powder composition.
- the compacted and sintered component exhibits a value for elongation above 2 % in combination with a yield strength of about 500 MPa.
- the microstructure is pearlitic or pearlitic/ferritic.
- Powder 6 was DISTALOY AB, a commercial diffusion-alloyed powder available from H ⁇ ganas, Sweden, and based on the high- purity atomised powder ASClOO.29 (plain iron).
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of steel powder according to the invention and reference materials.
- the obtained steel powders 1-5 were mixed with 0.5 % and 0.7 % by weight of the composition, respectively, of graphite UF4, available from Kropfmiihle, Germany and 0.8 % of Amide wax PM, available from H ⁇ ganas AB, Sweden.
- Powder 4 was outside the boundaries of the present invention being alloyed with 0.11 wt% vanadium and having a manganese content of 0.03 wt%.
- Powder 5 had both manganese content and chromium content below the boundaries of the present invention.
- a reference mix based on DISTALOY AB (powder 6) was also prepared.
- the composition prepared contained 0.5 % of graphite and 0.8 % of Amide Wax PM.
- the obtained powder compositions were transferred to a die and compacted to form tensile tests bars at a compaction pressure of 600 MPa.
- the compacted tests bars were further sintered in a laboratory belt furnace at 1120 0 C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90 % nitrogen and 10 % of hydrogen.
- the sintered samples were tested with respect to tensile strength and elongation according to ASTME9-89C and hardness, HVlO according to EN ISO 6507-1.
- the samples were also analysed with respect to the carbon and oxygen content. Impact energy was tested in accordance with EN10045-1.
- Table 2 shows added amount of graphite, results from chemical analysis, and results from tensile and hardness testing.
- Table 2 shows the amount of added graphite to the compositions, analysed C and O content of the produced samples, as well as results from tensile test and hardness testing of the produced samples .
- samples based on powder 1, 2 showed comparable or better values than DISTALOY AB mixed with 0.5 % graphite powder for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness. Impact energy was slightly below but still sufficiently good, slightly better for powder 1 than for powder 2.
- samples based on powder 3 showed comparable or better values than DISTALOY AB mixed with 0.5 % graphite powder for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation. Also impact energy and hardness matches DISTALOY AB.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2710513A CA2710513A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
EP08866748.0A EP2231891A4 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
JP2010540616A JP2011508091A (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloy steel powder |
US12/810,224 US20100316521A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
CN2008801256535A CN101925683A (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
BRPI0821850A BRPI0821850A2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | low alloy steel powder |
RU2010131156/02A RU2482208C2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low-alloyed steel powder |
US15/155,632 US20160258044A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2016-05-16 | Low alloyed steel powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1703807P | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | |
SE0702892-1 | 2007-12-27 | ||
US61/017,038 | 2007-12-27 | ||
SE0702892 | 2007-12-27 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/810,224 A-371-Of-International US20100316521A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
US15/155,632 Continuation-In-Part US20160258044A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2016-05-16 | Low alloyed steel powder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009085001A1 true WO2009085001A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
Family
ID=40824555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2008/051511 WO2009085001A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-18 | Low alloyed steel powder |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100316521A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2231891A4 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2011508091A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100108407A (en) |
CN (2) | CN101925683A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0821850A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2710513A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2482208C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI441927B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009085001A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8398739B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2013-03-19 | Hoganas Ab (Publ) | Iron-based steel powder composition, method for producing a sintered component and component |
US20130136646A1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-05-30 | Hoganas Ab (Publ) | Nitrided sintered steels |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2724776C2 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2020-06-25 | Хеганес Аб (Пабл) | Powdered metal composition for light mechanical processing |
KR102074121B1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2020-02-06 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Method for manufacturing alloy steel powder for sintered member raw material |
KR102026767B1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Production method for alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy |
KR102288887B1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2021-08-12 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method of manufacturing iron powder and iron powder manufactured thereby |
JP7147963B2 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2022-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy, iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy and sintered compact |
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US6348080B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 | 2002-02-19 | Höganäs Ab | Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products |
WO2003106079A1 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-12-24 | Höganäs Ab | Prealloyed iron-based powder, a method of producing sintered components and a component |
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2008
- 2008-12-18 US US12/810,224 patent/US20100316521A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-18 EP EP08866748.0A patent/EP2231891A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-18 CN CN2008801256535A patent/CN101925683A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-18 CN CN201510087406.2A patent/CN104711485A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-18 JP JP2010540616A patent/JP2011508091A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-18 BR BRPI0821850A patent/BRPI0821850A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-18 CA CA2710513A patent/CA2710513A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-18 KR KR1020107016815A patent/KR20100108407A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-18 RU RU2010131156/02A patent/RU2482208C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-18 WO PCT/SE2008/051511 patent/WO2009085001A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-26 TW TW097151055A patent/TWI441927B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2015
- 2015-01-19 JP JP2015007743A patent/JP2015108195A/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8398739B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2013-03-19 | Hoganas Ab (Publ) | Iron-based steel powder composition, method for producing a sintered component and component |
US20130136646A1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-05-30 | Hoganas Ab (Publ) | Nitrided sintered steels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2010131156A (en) | 2012-02-10 |
CN104711485A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
RU2482208C2 (en) | 2013-05-20 |
BRPI0821850A2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
EP2231891A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
US20100316521A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
TW200942626A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
CA2710513A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
EP2231891A4 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
TWI441927B (en) | 2014-06-21 |
JP2015108195A (en) | 2015-06-11 |
JP2011508091A (en) | 2011-03-10 |
KR20100108407A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
CN101925683A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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