WO2009077487A1 - Dissymmetrical combustion chamber for thermal engine - Google Patents

Dissymmetrical combustion chamber for thermal engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009077487A1
WO2009077487A1 PCT/EP2008/067508 EP2008067508W WO2009077487A1 WO 2009077487 A1 WO2009077487 A1 WO 2009077487A1 EP 2008067508 W EP2008067508 W EP 2008067508W WO 2009077487 A1 WO2009077487 A1 WO 2009077487A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
bowl
axis
revolution
substantially equal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/067508
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephane Ruby
Sylvain Savy
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S filed Critical Renault S.A.S
Priority to EP08862416A priority Critical patent/EP2225444A1/en
Publication of WO2009077487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009077487A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the design of heat engines, in particular internal combustion engines and compression ignition engines.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an improved combustion chamber, which makes it possible in particular to reduce the level of emission of nitrogen oxides and particles to the exhaust.
  • the subject of the invention is a piston for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel engine, comprising a body delimited laterally by a skirt adapted to cooperate with the walls of a cylinder of axis of revolution C in which the piston is adapted to slide along this axis C, said piston having a front face which comprises a central pin, a peripheral ring and a bowl of axis of revolution B which extends from the central pin to the peripheral ring to which it is connected at the level of a lip of thickness Ep, said bowl comprising substantially perpendicular to the lip, a profile torus, preferably in cul-de-four, maximum radius Rt adapted to guide an injected fuel and the course of combustion under the lip at a reentrant zone R towards the central stud, remarkable in that the vertex of the central stud has a flattened zone centered on the
  • the piston comprises one or more of the following characteristics: the top of the stud located on the axis of revolution B of the bowl rises to a height lower by a distance Dt below the level of the peripheral ring between 5.4mm and 7mm and preferably substantially equal to 6mm;
  • the central pin has a slope of angle A to the torus taken from the axis of revolution B of the bowl in the geometric direction between 62.5 ° and 69 ° and is preferably substantially equal to 64.9 ° ;
  • the bowl is off center, the axis of revolution B of the bowl being separate and placed at a distance from the axis of revolution C of the cylinder;
  • the thickness Ep of the lip is between 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm and preferably substantially equal to 3.6 mm;
  • the maximum radius of curvature Rt of the torus is between 4.7 mm and 5.9 mm and preferably substantially equal to 5.45 mm;
  • the lip is located at a distance De / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the distance De being between 44.6 and 50.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 48 mm;
  • the torus is located at a distance Db / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the distance Db being between 51 mm and 53.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 52 mm; the difference in distances, with respect to the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the end of the crown De / 2 and the end of the torus Db / 2 between 1.5mm and 3.2mm and preferably substantially equal to 2mm; -
  • the maximum depth P of the bowl is between 12.6mm and 13.6mm and preferably substantially equal to 13.3mm.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine adapted to strict pollution control standards for the emission of nitrogen oxides and particles and more particularly a diesel type internal combustion engine remarkable in that it comprises less a piston according to the invention.
  • This internal combustion engine of the diesel type has a cylinder of axis of revolution C whose upper end is closed by a cylinder head provided with a lower face which contributes to define a combustion chamber with the front face of the piston whose bowl piston is centered around an axis of revolution B, said engine comprising, opening from the lower face of the cylinder head, at least one intake duct that can be closed by an intake valve and at least one exhaust duct adapted to be closed by an exhaust valve, a glow plug and a fuel injector whose nose opens into the combustion chamber at an injector axis 1 parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder C and remote from the latter, the injector making an angle Ai with the injector axis 1 between 15 ° and 25 °, this motor being remarkable in that the cylinder C, bowl B and injector I axes are aligned, the dista nce separating the cylinder axis C from the axis of the bowl B being substantially equal to 1.6 mm and the distance between the cylinder axis
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic section of an internal combustion engine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial section in a plane containing the axis of revolution of the piston bowl detailing the head of a piston according to the invention, admission side.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine 100, particularly for a diesel engine, comprising at least one cylinder 1 of axis of revolution C, a cylinder head 2 and a piston 3.
  • this axis of revolution C is oriented upwards, towards the cylinder head 2.
  • the piston 3 is slidably mounted in the cylinder 1 along the axis of revolution of the cylinder C, and has a body piston member adapted to receive an axis for connecting the piston to a driving rod head, said body being delimited laterally by a piston skirt 31 extending parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder C and cooperating with an inner wall of the cylinder 1.
  • the piston further comprises a front face 32 which cooperates with the lower face 20 of the cylinder head 2 to define a combustion chamber of the cylinder 1.
  • Fresh air or a mixture of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas is admitted into the combustion chamber by at least one inlet duct 5 formed in the cylinder head 2 and which can be closed off by at least one intake valve 50.
  • the combustion residues of the fuel air mixture introduce its t evacuated by at least one conduit exhaust 6 formed in the cylinder head 2, and which can be closed by at least one exhaust valve 60.
  • a glow plug 4 is located in the cylinder head 2, its end opening into the combustion chamber so as to heat the fuel air mixture during cold starts.
  • a fuel injector 7 is implanted in the cylinder head 2 and opens into the combustion chamber. According to the embodiment shown, the injector 7 is arranged such that it is offset with respect to the axis of the cylinder C. The nose of the injector 7 opens at an axis I called “d" injector "parallel to the axis of symmetry of cylinder C.
  • the injector 7 is inclined at an angle Ai between 15 ° and 25 ° of the axis of the injector I.
  • the end face 32 comprises a central pin 321, a peripheral ring 322 and an annular cavity or bowl.
  • the cylinder C, bowl B and injector I axes are aligned in a common plane, the distance separating the cylinder axis C from the bowl axis B being substantially equal to 1.6 mm and the distance separating the cylinder axis C from the injector axis I being substantially equal to 4 mm.
  • the peripheral ring 322 extends laterally from the skirt 31 of the piston 3 towards the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323 to a lip forming end 3220 below which the bowl 323 has a torus 3230 in profile.
  • de-oven maximum radius of curvature Rt between 4.7 mm and 5.9 mm and preferably substantially equal to 5.45 mm.
  • the lip 3220 is located at a distance De / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the distance De being between 44.6 and 50.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 48 mm.
  • the torus 3230 is located at a distance Db / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the distance Db being between 51mm and 53.4mm and preferably substantially equal to 52mm.
  • the injector 7 is adapted to selectively inject fuel in the form of directed jets into an upper region of the torus 3230 adjacent to a lower edge of the lip 3220, also referred to as a reentrant R, so as to improve the guidance of the fuel jet and the combustion from this reentrant R by winding on the walls of the torus 3230 to the bottom of the bowl, where is the oxygen during the ascent of the piston 3, to reduce the smoke and to prepare the flow of gas to the center pin 321,
  • a reentrant R will be maintained while maintaining the difference in distances, with respect to the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the end of the crown De / 2 and the end of the core Db / 2 between 1.5mm and 3.2mm and preferably substantially equal to 2mm.
  • the thickness Ep of the lip 3220 corresponding to the distance of the reentrant R of the peripheral ring 322 is between 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm and preferably substantially equal to 3.6 mm.
  • the maximum depth P of the bowl 323 is between 12.6 mm and 13.6 mm and preferably substantially equal to 13.3 mm. Such depth has the advantage of having a quantity of air trapped at the bottom 323 of the large bowl for mixing with the fuel.
  • the combination of this definition of reentrant R, torus 3230 and a maximum depth P of bowl 323 allows improved fuel jet guidance to a volume of air trapped at the bottom of bowl 323.
  • the top of the central pin 321 has a flattened area centered on the axis of revolution B of the bowl width Lt between 6mm and 10mm and preferably substantially equal to 7.8mm.
  • the top of the central pin 321 rises to a height less than a distance Dt below the level of the peripheral ring, this distance Dt being between 5.4mm and 7mm and preferably substantially equal to 6mm.
  • the clipping of the center pin 321 and the distance Dt from the crown of the peripheral ring makes it possible to limit the interactions of the jets of fuels projected towards the bottom of the bowl with the central pin 321 and in particular its top, making it possible to reduce the emissions of fumes and unburned fuel.
  • the central pin 321 has a slope of angle A to the torus 323 taken from the axis of revolution B of the bowl in the geometric direction is between 62.5 ° and 69 ° and is preferably substantially equal to 64, 9 °.
  • An internal combustion engine 100 provided with a piston 3 combining these characteristics is particularly advantageous in use with respect to an internal combustion engine provided with a piston adapted to current pollution control standards, of the Euro 4 type. tests were carried out with a motor 100 which has the following additional features, a bore of 80mm, a compression ratio of about 17 and a swiri level at low dead point Nd / N close to 2.
  • a motor 100 implementing a piston according to the invention in a standardized pollution control cycle, for a similar level of particle emission, noise and consumption, and in combustion conditions (air flow, engine temperature, internal engine power etc ..) identical emitted 40% less nitrogen oxides,
  • a significant gain in performance and emission of fumes was observed at low and medium engine speeds at full load on a 100 engine according to the invention, and in particular a 5% increase in torque at 1500 rpm "1 at full load for the same level of smoke release.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a piston (3) for an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, that comprises a body defined laterally by a skirt capable of interaction with the walls of a cylinder having a revolution axis C in which the piston (3) is capable of sliding along said axis C, said piston (3) including a front face that comprises a central lug (321), a peripheral crown (322) and a bowl (323) having a revolution axis B extending from the central lug (321) to the peripheral crown (322) to which it is connected at a lip (3220) having a thickness Ep, said bowl (323) including substantially over the lip (3220) a tore (3230) preferably having a half-dome profile with a maximum radius Rt and capable of guiding a fuel injected under the lip (3220) in the region of a re-entrant R towards said central lug (321), characterised in that the top of the central lug has a flat area centred on the revolution axis B of the bowl and having a width Lt of between 6 mm and 10 mm, and preferably substantially equal to 7.8 mm.

Description

CHAMBRE DE COMBUSTION DISSYMETRIQUE POUR MOTEUR DISSYMMETRIC COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR ENGINE
THERMIQUE .THERMAL.
L'Invention concerne» de façon générale, la conception des moteurs thermiques, en particulier des moteurs à combustion interne et à allumage par compression .The invention relates generally to the design of heat engines, in particular internal combustion engines and compression ignition engines.
Les normes de dépollution imposées aux constructeurs automobiles sont de plus en plus sévères, chaque changement de norme ayant pour conséquence des développements techniques importants et l'utilisation de dispositifs de dépollution supplémentaires et/ou plus complexes qui se révèlent coûteux. Les futures normes incitent les constructeurs à surtout réduire le niveau d'émission à l'échappement d'oxydes d'azote et de particules, notamment afin de ne pas obstruer trop rapidement les filtres à particules, les constructeurs souhaitant dans le même temps augmenter, sinon au moins maintenir le niveau de performances et d'agrément du moteur.The standards of depollution imposed on the car manufacturers are more and more severe, each change of standard resulting in important technical developments and the use of additional and / or more complex depollution devices which prove to be expensive. The future standards encourage manufacturers to reduce the exhaust emission level of nitrogen oxides and particulates, in particular so as not to clog the particle filters too quickly, manufacturers wishing at the same time to increase, otherwise at least maintain the level of performance and amenity of the engine.
Des solutions généralement utilisées pour améliorer la dépollution des moteurs consistent par exemple à recourir à des dispositifs de post-traitement avancés, tels que des filtres à particules ou bien modifier les spécifications de la recirculation de gaz d'échappement connue sous son acronyme anglais EGR, qui grèvent la rentabilité des moteurs.Solutions generally used to improve the depollution of engines consist for example in the use of advanced post-processing devices, such as particle filters or modify the specifications of the exhaust gas recirculation known by its acronym EGR, which undermine the profitability of the engines.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un chambre de combustion améliorée, et qui permet notamment de réduire le niveau d'émission à l'échappement d'oxydes d'azote et de particules. L'invention a pour objet un piston pour moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour moteur diesel, comprenant un corps délimité latéralement par une jupe apte à coopérer avec les parois d'un cylindre d'axe de révolution C dans lequel le piston est apte à coulisser selon cet axe C, le dit piston comportant une face frontale qui comprend un téton central, une couronne périphérique et un bol d'axe de révolution B qui s'étend du téton central vers la couronne périphérique à laquelle elle se raccorde au niveau d'une lèvre d'épaisseur Ep, ledit bol comprenant sensiblement à l'aplomb de la lèvre, un tore de profil, de préférence en cul-de-four, de rayon maximal Rt apte à guider un carburant injecté puis le déroulement de la combustion sous la lèvre au niveau d'une zone de réentrant R vers le téton central, remarquable en ce que le sommet du téton central présente une zone aplatie centrée sur l'axe de révolution B du bol de largeur Lt comprise entre 6mm et 10mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 7,8mm. La mise en œuvre d'un piston selon l'invention permet notamment d'atteindre les avantages suivants :The object of the present invention is to propose an improved combustion chamber, which makes it possible in particular to reduce the level of emission of nitrogen oxides and particles to the exhaust. The subject of the invention is a piston for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel engine, comprising a body delimited laterally by a skirt adapted to cooperate with the walls of a cylinder of axis of revolution C in which the piston is adapted to slide along this axis C, said piston having a front face which comprises a central pin, a peripheral ring and a bowl of axis of revolution B which extends from the central pin to the peripheral ring to which it is connected at the level of a lip of thickness Ep, said bowl comprising substantially perpendicular to the lip, a profile torus, preferably in cul-de-four, maximum radius Rt adapted to guide an injected fuel and the course of combustion under the lip at a reentrant zone R towards the central stud, remarkable in that the vertex of the central stud has a flattened zone centered on the axis of revolution B of the bowl of width Lt between 6mm and 10mm and preferably substantially equal to 7.8mm. The implementation of a piston according to the invention allows in particular to achieve the following advantages:
- on évite de rendre les systèmes de posttraitement plus complexes et plus coûteux;it is avoided to make the post-processing systems more complex and more expensive;
- on réduit les émissions d'oxydes d'azote pour le passage de normes de dépollution.- emissions of nitrogen oxides are reduced for the passage of pollution abatement standards.
Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, le piston comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : le sommet du téton situé sur l'axe de révolution B du bol s'élève à une hauteur inférieure d'une distance Dt sous le niveau de la couronne périphérique comprise entre 5,4mm et 7mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 6mm;According to particular embodiments, the piston comprises one or more of the following characteristics: the top of the stud located on the axis of revolution B of the bowl rises to a height lower by a distance Dt below the level of the peripheral ring between 5.4mm and 7mm and preferably substantially equal to 6mm;
- le téton central présente une pente d'angle A vers le tore pris à partir de l'axe de révolution B du bol dans le sens géométrique compris entre 62,5° et 69° et est de préférence sensiblement égal à 64,9°;the central pin has a slope of angle A to the torus taken from the axis of revolution B of the bowl in the geometric direction between 62.5 ° and 69 ° and is preferably substantially equal to 64.9 ° ;
- le bol est décentré, l'axe de révolution B du bol étant distinct et placé à distance de l'axe de révolution C du cylindre ;- The bowl is off center, the axis of revolution B of the bowl being separate and placed at a distance from the axis of revolution C of the cylinder;
- l'épaisseur Ep de la lèvre est comprise entre 2,5mm et 4,5mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 3, 6mm ;the thickness Ep of the lip is between 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm and preferably substantially equal to 3.6 mm;
- le rayon de courbure maximal Rt du tore est compris entre 4,7mm et 5,9mm et de préférence sensiblement égal à 5,45mm ; la lèvre est située à une distance De/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol, la distance De étant comprise entre 44,6 et 50,4 mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 48mm ;the maximum radius of curvature Rt of the torus is between 4.7 mm and 5.9 mm and preferably substantially equal to 5.45 mm; the lip is located at a distance De / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the distance De being between 44.6 and 50.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 48 mm;
- le tore est situé à une distance Db/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol, la distance Db étant comprise entre 51mm et 53,4mm et de préférence sensiblement égaie à 52mm ; - la différence des distances, par rapport à l'axe de révolution B du bol, de l'extrémité de la couronne De/2 et de l'extrémité du tore Db/2 comprise entre 1,5mm et 3,2mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 2mm ; - Ia profondeur maximale P du bol est comprise entre 12,6mm et 13,6mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 13,3mm. L'invention a également pour objet un moteur à combustion interne adapté à des normes de dépollution strictes quant aux émission d'oxydes d'azote et de particules et plus particulièrement un moteur à combustion interne du type diesel remarquable en ce qu'il comprend au moins un piston selon l'invention.the torus is located at a distance Db / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the distance Db being between 51 mm and 53.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 52 mm; the difference in distances, with respect to the axis of revolution B of the bowl, the end of the crown De / 2 and the end of the torus Db / 2 between 1.5mm and 3.2mm and preferably substantially equal to 2mm; - The maximum depth P of the bowl is between 12.6mm and 13.6mm and preferably substantially equal to 13.3mm. The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine adapted to strict pollution control standards for the emission of nitrogen oxides and particles and more particularly a diesel type internal combustion engine remarkable in that it comprises less a piston according to the invention.
Ce moteur à combustion interne du type diesel présente un cylindre d'axe de révolution C dont l'extrémité supérieure est fermée par une culasse pourvue d'une face inférieure qui concourre à définir une chambre de combustion avec la face frontale du piston dont le bol de piston est centré autour d'un axe de révolution B, ledit moteur comprenant, débouchant de la face inférieure de la culasse, au moins un conduit d'admission pouvant être obturé par une soupape d'admission et au moins un conduit d'échappement apte à être obturé par une soupape d'échappement, une bougie de préchauffage et un injecteur de carburant dont le nez débouche dans la chambre de combustion au niveau d'un axe d' injecteur 1 parallèle à l'axe de révolution du cylindre C et distant de celui-ci, l' injecteur faisant un angle Ai avec l'axe d' injecteur 1 compris entre 15° et 25° , ce moteur étant remarquable en ce que les axes de cylindre C, de bol B et d' injecteur I sont alignés, la distance séparant l'axe de cylindre C de l'axe du bol B étant sensiblement égale à 1,6mm et la distance séparant l'axe de cylindre C de l'axe d' xnjecteur I étant sensiblement égale à 4mm.This internal combustion engine of the diesel type has a cylinder of axis of revolution C whose upper end is closed by a cylinder head provided with a lower face which contributes to define a combustion chamber with the front face of the piston whose bowl piston is centered around an axis of revolution B, said engine comprising, opening from the lower face of the cylinder head, at least one intake duct that can be closed by an intake valve and at least one exhaust duct adapted to be closed by an exhaust valve, a glow plug and a fuel injector whose nose opens into the combustion chamber at an injector axis 1 parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder C and remote from the latter, the injector making an angle Ai with the injector axis 1 between 15 ° and 25 °, this motor being remarkable in that the cylinder C, bowl B and injector I axes are aligned, the dista nce separating the cylinder axis C from the axis of the bowl B being substantially equal to 1.6 mm and the distance between the cylinder axis C of the axis of xnjecteur I being substantially equal to 4mm.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description du mode de réalisation qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures suivantes : - la figure 1 est une coupe schématique partielle d'un moteur à combustion interne selon l' invention;Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiment which is given below, as an indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the following figures: - Figure 1 is a partial schematic section of an internal combustion engine according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une coupe partielle selon un plan contenant l'axe de révolution du bol de piston détaillant la tête d'un piston selon l'invention, côté admission.- Figure 2 is a partial section in a plane containing the axis of revolution of the piston bowl detailing the head of a piston according to the invention, admission side.
On a illustré, figure 1, un moteur à combustion interne 100, notamment pour moteur diesel, comprenant au moins un cylindre 1 d'axe de révolution C, une culasse 2 et un piston 3.FIG. 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine 100, particularly for a diesel engine, comprising at least one cylinder 1 of axis of revolution C, a cylinder head 2 and a piston 3.
Dans la suite de la description, on considérera que cet axe de révolution C est orienté vers le haut, vers la culasse 2. Le piston 3 est monté coulissant dans le cylindre 1 suivant l'axe de révolution du cylindre C, et présente un corps de piston apte à accueillir un axe pour lier le piston à une tête de bielle d'entraînement, ledit corps étant délimité latéralement par une jupe de piston 31 s' étendant parallèlement à l'axe de révolution du cylindre C et coopérant avec une paroi interne du cylindre 1. Le piston comprend en outre une face frontale 32 qui concourre avec la face inférieure 20 de la culasse 2 à délimiter une chambre de combustion du cylindre 1. L'air frais ou un mélange air frais et de gaz d* échappement recirculés est admis dans la chambre de combustion par au moins un conduit d'admission 5 formé dans la culasse 2 et qui peut être obturé par au moins une soupape d'admission 50. Les résidus de combustion du mélange air carburant introduit sont évacués par au moins un conduit d'échappement 6 formé dans la culasse 2, et qui peut être obturé par au moins une soupape d'échappement 60.In the remainder of the description, it will be considered that this axis of revolution C is oriented upwards, towards the cylinder head 2. The piston 3 is slidably mounted in the cylinder 1 along the axis of revolution of the cylinder C, and has a body piston member adapted to receive an axis for connecting the piston to a driving rod head, said body being delimited laterally by a piston skirt 31 extending parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder C and cooperating with an inner wall of the cylinder 1. The piston further comprises a front face 32 which cooperates with the lower face 20 of the cylinder head 2 to define a combustion chamber of the cylinder 1. Fresh air or a mixture of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas is admitted into the combustion chamber by at least one inlet duct 5 formed in the cylinder head 2 and which can be closed off by at least one intake valve 50. The combustion residues of the fuel air mixture introduce its t evacuated by at least one conduit exhaust 6 formed in the cylinder head 2, and which can be closed by at least one exhaust valve 60.
Une bougie de préchauffage 4 est implantée dans la culasse 2, son extrémité débouchant dans la chambre de combustion de manière à pouvoir chauffer le mélange air carburant lors de démarrages à froid.A glow plug 4 is located in the cylinder head 2, its end opening into the combustion chamber so as to heat the fuel air mixture during cold starts.
Un injecteur de carburant 7 est implanté dans la culasse 2 et débouche dans la chambre de combustion. Selon le mode de réalisation représenté, l' injecteur 7 est agencé de telle sorte qu'il est décalé par rapport à l'axe du cylindre C. Le nez de l' injecteur 7 débouche au niveau d'un axe I dit « d' injecteur » parallèle à l'axe de symétrie du cylindre C.A fuel injector 7 is implanted in the cylinder head 2 and opens into the combustion chamber. According to the embodiment shown, the injector 7 is arranged such that it is offset with respect to the axis of the cylinder C. The nose of the injector 7 opens at an axis I called "d" injector "parallel to the axis of symmetry of cylinder C.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté, l' injecteur 7 est incliné d'un angle Ai compris entre 15° et 25° de l'axe d' injecteur I.According to the embodiment shown, the injector 7 is inclined at an angle Ai between 15 ° and 25 ° of the axis of the injector I.
Comme représenté à la figure 2 qui détaille, en coupe partielle selon un plan axial, la partie supérieure d'un piston 3 selon l'invention, la face frontale 32 comprend un téton central 321, une couronne périphérique 322 et une cavité annulaire ou bol 323 d'axe de révolution B parallèle à l'axe de révolution du cylindre C et situé à distance de celui-ci de manière à compenser le décalage de l' injecteur 7, ledit bol 323 s' étendant du téton central 321 vers la couronne périphérique 322 à laquelle elle se raccorde.As shown in FIG. 2 which details, in partial section along an axial plane, the upper part of a piston 3 according to the invention, the end face 32 comprises a central pin 321, a peripheral ring 322 and an annular cavity or bowl. 323 of axis of revolution B parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder C and located at a distance therefrom so as to compensate for the offset of the injector 7, said bowl 323 extending from the central pin 321 towards the crown 322 device to which it is connected.
De préférence, les axes de cylindre C, de bol B et d' injecteur I sont alignés dans un plan commun, la distance séparant l'axe de cylindre C de l'axe de bol B étant sensiblement égale à 1,6 mm et la distance séparant l'axe de cylindre C de l'axe d' injecteur I étant sensiblement égale à 4 mm. La couronne périphérique 322 s'étend latéralement de la jupe 31 du piston 3 vers l'axe de révolution B du bol 323 jusqu'à une extrémité formant une lèvre 3220 en dessous de laquelle le bol 323 présente un tore 3230 de profil en cul-de-four de rayon de courbure maximal Rt compris entre 4,7 mm et 5,9 mm et de préférence sensiblement égal à 5,45mm.Preferably, the cylinder C, bowl B and injector I axes are aligned in a common plane, the distance separating the cylinder axis C from the bowl axis B being substantially equal to 1.6 mm and the distance separating the cylinder axis C from the injector axis I being substantially equal to 4 mm. The peripheral ring 322 extends laterally from the skirt 31 of the piston 3 towards the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323 to a lip forming end 3220 below which the bowl 323 has a torus 3230 in profile. de-oven maximum radius of curvature Rt between 4.7 mm and 5.9 mm and preferably substantially equal to 5.45 mm.
La lèvre 3220 est située à une distance De/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol 323, la distante De étant comprise entre 44,6 et 50,4 mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 48mm.The lip 3220 is located at a distance De / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the distance De being between 44.6 and 50.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 48 mm.
Le tore 3230 est situé à une distance Db/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol 323, la distance Db étant comprise entre 51mm et 53,4mm et de préférence sensiblement égaie à 52mm.The torus 3230 is located at a distance Db / 2 from the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the distance Db being between 51mm and 53.4mm and preferably substantially equal to 52mm.
L'injecteur 7 est conçu pour injecter sélectivement du carburant sous forme de jets dirigés dans une région supérieure du tore 3230 adjacente à une arête inférieure de la lèvre 3220, également dénommée réentrant R de manière à améliorer le guidage du jet de carburant et de la combustion à partir de ce réentrant R par enroulement sur les parois du tore 3230 vers le fond du bol, où se trouve l'oxygène lors de la remontée du piston 3, afin de réduire les fumées et afin de préparer la circulation des gaz vers le téton central 321,The injector 7 is adapted to selectively inject fuel in the form of directed jets into an upper region of the torus 3230 adjacent to a lower edge of the lip 3220, also referred to as a reentrant R, so as to improve the guidance of the fuel jet and the combustion from this reentrant R by winding on the walls of the torus 3230 to the bottom of the bowl, where is the oxygen during the ascent of the piston 3, to reduce the smoke and to prepare the flow of gas to the center pin 321,
De préférence, on conservera un réentrant R en maintenant la différence des distances, par rapport à l'axe de révolution B du bol 323, de l'extrémité de la couronne De/2 et de l'extrémité du tore Db/2 comprise entre 1,5mm et 3,2mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 2mm. De préférence, l'épaisseur Ep de la lèvre 3220 correspondant à la distance du réentrant R de la couronne périphérique 322 est comprise entre 2,5mm et 4,5mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 3, 6mm. La profondeur maximale P du bol 323 est comprise entre 12,6mm et 13,6mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 13,3mm. Une telle profondeur présente l'avantage d'avoir une quantité d'air emprisonnée au fond 323 du bol importante en vue de son mélange avec le carburant. La combinaison de cette définition du réentrant R, du tore 3230 et d'une profondeur maximale P du bol 323 permet un guidage du jet de carburant améliore vers un volume d'air emprisonné au fond du bol 323.Preferably, a reentrant R will be maintained while maintaining the difference in distances, with respect to the axis of revolution B of the bowl 323, the end of the crown De / 2 and the end of the core Db / 2 between 1.5mm and 3.2mm and preferably substantially equal to 2mm. Preferably, the thickness Ep of the lip 3220 corresponding to the distance of the reentrant R of the peripheral ring 322 is between 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm and preferably substantially equal to 3.6 mm. The maximum depth P of the bowl 323 is between 12.6 mm and 13.6 mm and preferably substantially equal to 13.3 mm. Such depth has the advantage of having a quantity of air trapped at the bottom 323 of the large bowl for mixing with the fuel. The combination of this definition of reentrant R, torus 3230 and a maximum depth P of bowl 323 allows improved fuel jet guidance to a volume of air trapped at the bottom of bowl 323.
Le sommet du téton central 321 présente une zone aplatie centrée sur l'axe de révolution B du bol de largeur Lt comprise entre 6mm et 10mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 7,8mm. Le sommet du téton central 321 s'élève à une hauteur inférieure d'une distance Dt sous le niveau de la couronne périphérique , cette distance Dt étant comprise entre 5,4mm et 7mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 6mm. L'écrêtage du téton central 321 et la distance Dt du sommet de la couronne périphérique permet de limiter les interactions des jets de carburants projetés vers le fond du bol avec le téton central 321 et notamment son sommet, permettant de réduire les émissions de fumées et de carburant imbrûlé.The top of the central pin 321 has a flattened area centered on the axis of revolution B of the bowl width Lt between 6mm and 10mm and preferably substantially equal to 7.8mm. The top of the central pin 321 rises to a height less than a distance Dt below the level of the peripheral ring, this distance Dt being between 5.4mm and 7mm and preferably substantially equal to 6mm. The clipping of the center pin 321 and the distance Dt from the crown of the peripheral ring makes it possible to limit the interactions of the jets of fuels projected towards the bottom of the bowl with the central pin 321 and in particular its top, making it possible to reduce the emissions of fumes and unburned fuel.
Le téton central 321 présente une pente d'angle A vers le tore 323 pris à partir de l'axe de révolution B du bol dans le sens géométrique est compris entre 62,5° et 69° et est de préférence sensiblement égal à 64,9°.The central pin 321 has a slope of angle A to the torus 323 taken from the axis of revolution B of the bowl in the geometric direction is between 62.5 ° and 69 ° and is preferably substantially equal to 64, 9 °.
L'utilisation d'une telle pente d'angle A de téton central 321 permet d'extraire les suies formées par la combustion au fond du bol 323 vers le téton central 321 pour une post-oxydation améliorée conduisant à une réduction des fumées .The use of such an angle of inclination angle A 321 central pin allows to extract the soot formed by the combustion at the bottom of the bowl 323 to the central nipple 321 for improved post-oxidation leading to a reduction of fumes.
Un moteur à combustion interne 100 pourvu d'un piston 3 combinant ces caractéristiques se révèle particulièrement avantageux à l'usage par rapport à un moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'un piston adapté à des normes de dépollution actuelles, du type Euro 4. Ces tests ont été réalisé avec un moteur 100 qui présente les caractéristiques additionnelles suivantes, un alésage de 80mm, un taux de compression d'environ 17 et un niveau de swiri au point mort bas Nd/N proche de 2.An internal combustion engine 100 provided with a piston 3 combining these characteristics is particularly advantageous in use with respect to an internal combustion engine provided with a piston adapted to current pollution control standards, of the Euro 4 type. tests were carried out with a motor 100 which has the following additional features, a bore of 80mm, a compression ratio of about 17 and a swiri level at low dead point Nd / N close to 2.
En effet, un moteur 100 mettant en œuvre un piston selon l'invention, en cycle de dépollution normalisé, pour un niveau semblable d'émission de particules, de bruit et de consommation, et dans des conditions de combustion (débit d'air, température moteur, puissance motrice interne etc..) identiques a émis 40% d'oxydes d'azote en moins, Un gain significatif en performances et en émission de fumées a été observé à bas et moyens régimes à pleine charge sur un moteur 100 selon l'invention, et notamment une augmentation de 5% du couple à 1500 tr.min"1 à pleine charge pour un même niveau de dégagement de fumées. Indeed, a motor 100 implementing a piston according to the invention, in a standardized pollution control cycle, for a similar level of particle emission, noise and consumption, and in combustion conditions (air flow, engine temperature, internal engine power etc ..) identical emitted 40% less nitrogen oxides, A significant gain in performance and emission of fumes was observed at low and medium engine speeds at full load on a 100 engine according to the invention, and in particular a 5% increase in torque at 1500 rpm "1 at full load for the same level of smoke release.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Piston (3) pour moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour moteur diesel, comprenant un corps délimité latéralement par une jupe (31) apte à coopérer avec les parois d'un cylindre (1) d'axe de révolution C dans lequel le piston (3) est apte à coulisser selon cet axe C, le dit piston (3) comportant une face frontale (32) qui comprend un téton central (321), une couronne périphérique (322) et un bol (323) d'axe de révolution B qui s'étend du téton central (321) vers la couronne périphérique (322) à laquelle elle se raccorde au niveau d'une lèvre (3220) d'épaisseur Ep, ledit bol (323) comprenant sensiblement à l'aplomb de la lèvre (3220), un tore (3230) de profil, de préférence en cul-de-four, de rayon maximal Rt apte à guider un carburant injecté puis le déroulement de la combustion sous la lèvre (3220) au niveau d'une zone de réentrant R vers le téton central (321), caractérisé en ce qoe le sommet du téton central (321) présente une zone aplatie centrée sur l'axe de révolution B du bol de largeur Lt comprise entre 6mm et 10mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 7r8mm,Piston (3) for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel engine, comprising a body delimited laterally by a skirt (31) capable of cooperating with the walls of a cylinder (1) of axis of revolution C in which the piston (3) is slidable along this axis C, said piston (3) having a front face (32) which comprises a central pin (321), a peripheral ring (322) and a bowl (323) of axis of revolution B which extends from the central pin (321) to the peripheral ring (322) to which it is connected at the level of a lip (3220) of thickness Ep, said bowl (323) substantially comprising the plumb lip (3220), a torus (3230) of profile, preferably in cul-de-four, maximum radius Rt adapted to guide an injected fuel and the course of combustion under the lip (3220) at the level of a reentrant zone R to the central nipple (321), characterized in that the apex of the central nipple (321) has a flattened area 100 on the axis of revolution B of the bowl width Lt between 6mm and 10mm and preferably substantially equal to 7 r 8mm,
2. Piston (3) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le sommet du téton situé sur l'axe de révolution B du bol (323) s'élève à une hauteur inférieure d'une distance Dt sous le niveau de la couronne périphérique comprise entre 5,4mm et 7mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 6mm.2. Piston (3) according to the preceding claim characterized in that the top of the stud located on the axis of revolution B of the bowl (323) rises to a lower height of a distance Dt below the level of the peripheral ring between 5.4mm and 7mm and preferably substantially equal to 6mm.
3. Piston (3) pour moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le téton central présente une pente d'angle A vers le tore (323) prise à partir de l'axe de révolution B du bol dans le sens géométrique comprise entre 62,5° et 69° et est de préférence sensiblement égale à 64,9°.3. piston (3) for an internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the central pin has a pitch angle A to the torus (323) taken from the axis of revolution B of the bowl in the geometric direction between 62.5 ° and 69 ° and is preferably substantially equal to 64.9 °.
4. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le bol (323) est décentré, l'axe de révolution E du bol (323) étant distinct et placé à distance de l'axe de révolution C du cylindre (1) .4. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the bowl (323) is off center, the axis of revolution E of the bowl (323) is separate and placed at a distance from the axis of revolution C of the cylinder (1).
5. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur Ep de la lèvre (3220) est comprise entre 2?5mm et 4,5mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 3, 6mm.5. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the thickness Ep of the lip (3220) is between 2 ? 5mm and 4.5mm and preferably substantially equal to 3, 6mm.
6. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le rayon de courbure maximal Rt du tore (3230) est compris entre 4,7mm et 5,9mm et de préférence sensiblement égal à 5,45mm.6. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the maximum radius of curvature Rt torus (3230) is between 4.7mm and 5.9mm and preferably substantially equal to 5.45mm.
7. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la lèvre (3220) est située à une distance De/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol (323), la distance De étant comprise entre 44,6 et 50,4 mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 48mm.7. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the lip (3220) is located at a distance De / 2 of the axis of revolution B of the bowl (323), the distance De being between 44 , 6 and 50.4 mm and preferably substantially equal to 48mm.
8. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le tore (3230) est situé à une distance Db/2 de l'axe de révolution B du bol (323), la distance Db étant comprise entre 51mm et 53,4mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 52mm.8. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the torus (3230) is located at a distance Db / 2 of the axis of revolution B of the bowl (323), the distance Db is between 51mm and 53.4mm and preferably substantially equal to 52mm.
9. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la différence des distances, par rapport à l'axe de révolution B du bol (323), de l'extrémité de la couronne De/2 et de l'extrémité du tore Db/2 est comprise entre 1,5mm et 3,2mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 2mm. 9. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the difference in distances, with respect to the axis of revolution B of the bowl (323), the end of the crown De / 2 and the end of the core Db / 2 is between 1.5mm and 3.2mm and preferably substantially equal to 2mm.
10. Piston (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la profondeur maximale P du bol (323) est comprise entre 12,6mm et 13,6mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 13,3mm.10. Piston (3) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the maximum depth P of the bowl (323) is between 12.6mm and 13.6mm and preferably substantially equal to 13.3mm.
11. Moteur (100) à combustion interne du type diesel caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend au moins un piston (3) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes . 11. Engine (100) internal combustion diesel type characterized in that it comprises at least one piston (3) according to any one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2008/067508 2007-12-19 2008-12-15 Dissymmetrical combustion chamber for thermal engine WO2009077487A1 (en)

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FR07/60032 2007-12-19
FR0760032A FR2925606A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 DISSYMMETRIC COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR THERMAL ENGINE

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FR2953888A3 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-17 Renault Sa Piston for internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, of automobile, has bowl with torus guiding fuel injected under lip in re-entrant region towards lug, where ratio of maximum bowl depth with bowl diameter is equal to specific value
US8813713B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2014-08-26 Caterpillar Inc. Piston with cylindrical wall
DE102014010714A1 (en) * 2014-07-19 2016-01-21 Deutz Aktiengesellschaft combustion process

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FR2881182A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-28 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Direct injection internal combustion engine e.g. auto ignition diesel engine, for motor vehicle, has fuel jet directed towards tulip`s base in high dead centre, and injector arranged so that axes of jets intercept imaginary cylinder

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FR2818325A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2002-06-21 Inst Francais Du Petrole Direct injection i.c. engine has injector spray angle of predetermined dimensions relative to cylinder diameter and piston position
US20030140890A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-07-31 Zhengbai Liu Combustion chamber
CN2721887Y (en) * 2004-07-20 2005-08-31 扬动股份有限公司 Combustion chamber of direct-spraying diesel engine with 105 mm cylinder diameter
CN2721886Y (en) * 2004-07-20 2005-08-31 扬动股份有限公司 Combustion chamber of direct-spraying diesel engine with 90 mm cylinder diameter
FR2881182A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-28 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Direct injection internal combustion engine e.g. auto ignition diesel engine, for motor vehicle, has fuel jet directed towards tulip`s base in high dead centre, and injector arranged so that axes of jets intercept imaginary cylinder

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