FR2818324A1 - Direct injection i.c. engine has injector spray angle of predetermined dimensions relative to cylinder diameter and piston position - Google Patents
Direct injection i.c. engine has injector spray angle of predetermined dimensions relative to cylinder diameter and piston position Download PDFInfo
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- FR2818324A1 FR2818324A1 FR0016823A FR0016823A FR2818324A1 FR 2818324 A1 FR2818324 A1 FR 2818324A1 FR 0016823 A FR0016823 A FR 0016823A FR 0016823 A FR0016823 A FR 0016823A FR 2818324 A1 FR2818324 A1 FR 2818324A1
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- piston
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- bowl
- angle
- injector
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
- F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B23/101—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on or close to the cylinder centre axis, e.g. with mixture formation using spray guided concepts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
- F02B17/005—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders having direct injection in the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/102—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the spark plug being placed offset the cylinder centre axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0621—Squish flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système de combustion pour un moteur àThe present invention relates to a combustion system for a combustion engine
combustion interne à injection directe. internal combustion with direct injection.
Etat de la technique L'état de l'art dans le domaine peut être illustré par les brevets suivants: STATE OF THE ART The state of the art in the field can be illustrated by the following patents:
EP 849 448, EP 589 178 (US 5 363 820), JP10184362, JP10184363, US3 945 351, EP 849,448, EP 589,178 (US 5,363,820), JP10184362, JP10184363, US3,945,351,
GB2 134 181, DD-147 386.GB 214 134 181, DD-147386.
Les développements des systèmes de combustion doivent répondre aux demandes de réduction des émissions de polluants, d'augmentation du couple et de la puissance spécifique et de réduction du bruit de combustion, tout en restant The developments of combustion systems must meet the demands of reduction of pollutant emissions, increase of torque and specific power and reduction of combustion noise, while remaining
compatible avec les critères de tenue en endurance. compatible with endurance resistance criteria.
L'ingénieur dispose actuellement d'une large palette de modifications possibles pour atteindre ces objectifs. Il peut changer par exemple des paramètres de conception ou de réglage, comme la forme de la chambre de combustion, appelée bol, aménagée dans la partie supérieure du piston, dans le but de faciliter le mélange air/carburant. Il peut également changer le taux de compression, certains paramètres du système d'injection: pression, loi de commande, etc., et des jets de carburants: nombre de trous, diamètre, etc., le réglage de la suralimentation, le taux d'EGR ou encore la température d'admission. Malheureusement, il est de plus en plus difficile d'améliorer un des points, sans en détériorer un autre. L'exemple le plus connu est l'amélioration du compromis: émissions de NOx/émissions de particules. Le problème devient encore plus difficile à résoudre quand il faut tenir compte des critères de tenue en endurance. C'est le cas par exemple, en ce qui concerne le carburant liquide ou les suies au voisinage de la chemise, dont la présence, néfaste à la tenue du lubrifiant, dépend de l'angle de nappe de l'injecteur retenu, de la forme du bol ou encore du phasage et de la pression d'injection. Un ajustement de ces paramètres a malheureusement un effet néfaste sur la combustion entraînant une augmentation des émissions de polluant et/ou une réduction des performances à pleine charge et/ou une augmentation du bruit. Les brevets EP-A 849 448 ou EP-A 589 178 notamment, concernent des chambres de combustion pour moteur à combustion interne. Ces chambres de combustion sont délimitées sur un côté par la paroi du piston qui comprend une partie conique pointant vers la tête du cylindre et de même axe que lui, au centre d'une cuvette circulaire ou bol. Le carburant est injecté par un injecteur multi-jets placé dans l'axe de chaque cylindre avec un angle de nappe très large de l'ordre de à 160 . L'angle au sommet de la partie conique est adapté à l'angle de nappe de l'injecteur, de façon que les jets de carburant soient émis sensiblement suivant les pentes du cône et déviés par elles et l'arrondi de la cuvette, vers le haut du cylindre et se vaporisent sans jamais toucher les parois du cylindre et donc sans affecter leur lubrification. Pour que cet effet se produise, il faut bien entendu que les pistons soient assez proches de leur point mort haut (PMH). On ne dispose de ce fait que The engineer currently has a wide range of possible modifications to achieve these objectives. It can change for example design or adjustment parameters, such as the shape of the combustion chamber, called bowl, arranged in the upper part of the piston, in order to facilitate the air / fuel mixture. It can also change the compression ratio, some parameters of the injection system: pressure, control law, etc., and fuel jets: number of holes, diameter, etc., the adjustment of the boost, the rate of EGR or the intake temperature. Unfortunately, it is increasingly difficult to improve one point, without damaging another. The best-known example is the compromise improvement: NOx emissions / particulate emissions. The problem becomes even more difficult to solve when the stamina criteria have to be taken into account. This is the case, for example, with regard to the liquid fuel or soot in the vicinity of the jacket, the presence of which, detrimental to the resistance of the lubricant, depends on the lap angle of the injector retained, the shape of the bowl or phasing and injection pressure. An adjustment of these parameters unfortunately has a detrimental effect on combustion leading to an increase in pollutant emissions and / or a reduction in full load performance and / or an increase in noise. The patents EP-A 849 448 or EP-A 589 178 in particular relate to combustion chambers for an internal combustion engine. These combustion chambers are delimited on one side by the piston wall which comprises a conical portion pointing towards the cylinder head and of the same axis as it, in the center of a circular bowl or bowl. The fuel is injected by a multi-jet injector placed in the axis of each cylinder with a very wide lap angle of the order of 160. The angle at the apex of the conical portion is adapted to the ply angle of the injector, so that the fuel jets are emitted substantially along the slopes of the cone and deflected by them and the rounding of the bowl, to the top of the cylinder and vaporize without ever touching the walls of the cylinder and thus without affecting their lubrication. For this effect to occur, it must of course that the pistons are close enough to their top dead center (TDC). We only have this fact
d'une faible latitude dans le choix des instants d'injection du carburant. a low latitude in the choice of fuel injection times.
C'est un inconvénient car il est connu aussi que des injections de carburant précoce et tardive offrent de nombreux avantages. Ainsi, une injection pilote avant le point mort haut et l'injection principale, permet de réduire le bruit de combustion. La régénération des filtres à particules déclenchée, suivant la technique connue, par augmentation de la température à l'échappement, nécessite une injection de carburant peu de temps avant l'ouverture des soupapes d'échappement. Une injection de carburant lors de la détente ou encore au cours de la phase échappement peut être utile également pour obtenir les conditions favorables à l'échappement pour régénérer les pièges à NOx. Comme les systèmes de combustion utilisent généralement des injecteurs à angle de nappe compris entre 140 et 165 , la plage de réglage de ces injections est réduite pour limiter les problèmes de dilution du This is a disadvantage as it is also known that early and late fuel injections offer many advantages. Thus, a pilot injection before the top dead center and the main injection, reduces the combustion noise. The regeneration of particulate filters triggered, according to the known technique, by increasing the temperature at the exhaust, requires a fuel injection shortly before the opening of the exhaust valves. A fuel injection during the expansion or during the exhaust phase can also be useful to obtain the conditions favorable to the exhaust to regenerate the NOx traps. Since the combustion systems generally use ribbon injectors between 140 and 165, the adjustment range of these injections is reduced to limit the problems of dilution of the
lubrifiant par du carburant ou des suies. lubricant by fuel or soot.
Pour s'affranchir de cette limitation, il est utile de développer un système de To overcome this limitation, it is useful to develop a system of
combustion s'accommodant de conditions d'injection très variées. combustion with a variety of injection conditions.
Le système de combustion selon l'invention Le moteur à combustion interne à injection directe selon l'invention comporte au moins un cylindre, un piston coulissant dans ce cylindre, de diamètre CD, des moyens d'admission et d'échappement de gaz, une chambre de combustion délimitée sur un côté par une paroi du piston comprenant un téton pointant vers la tête du The combustion system according to the invention The direct injection internal combustion engine according to the invention comprises at least one cylinder, a piston sliding in this cylinder, of diameter CD, means of admission and exhaust gas, a combustion chamber bounded on one side by a wall of the piston comprising a pin pointing towards the head of the
cylindre, au centre d'une cuvette ou bol concave de profondeur L et de diamètre BD. cylinder, in the center of a bowl or concave bowl of depth L and diameter BD.
Il est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un injecteur pour injecter du carburant avec un angle de nappe (A) relativement faible choisi de façon que les jets de carburant ne touchent pas les parois du cylindre, pour toute position du piston (5) comprise entre + 50 et +180 ou entre -50 et -180 par rapport au point mort haut It is characterized in that it comprises at least one injector for injecting fuel with a relatively low angle of coverage (A) chosen so that the fuel jets do not touch the walls of the cylinder, for any position of the piston (5). ) between + 50 and +180 or between -50 and -180 relative to top dead center
(PMH).(TDC).
L'utilisation d'un injecteur à angle de nappe relativement étroit, permet une grande latitude dans le choix des instants d'injection de carburant tout en évitant les inconvénients liés à la dispersion large du carburant injecté. Ce type d'injecteur se The use of a relatively narrow angle of coverage injector, allows a wide latitude in the choice of fuel injection times while avoiding the disadvantages associated with the wide dispersion of the fuel injected. This type of injector
prête bien au mode de combustion dit homogène. lends itself well to the so-called homogeneous combustion mode.
Suivant un mode de réalisation, on choisit de préférence un angle au sommet du téton sensiblement en accord avec l'angle de nappe de l'injecteur et le bol est conformé pour que le carburant injecté soit dévié vers la tête du cylindre en suivant sa concavité vers l'extérieur du bol pour toute position du piston jusqu'à + 30 par According to one embodiment, an angle at the apex of the stud is preferably chosen which is substantially in agreement with the ply angle of the injector and the bowl is shaped so that the injected fuel is deflected towards the cylinder head according to its concavity. out of the bowl for any position of the piston up to + 30 by
rapport au point mort haut (PMH).report at the top dead center (TDC).
L'utilisation conjointe de l'injecteur à angle de nappe relativement étroit et d'un bol de forme particulière autorise un mode de fonctionnement traditionnel pour une injection de carburant près du point mort haut mais dans une fourchette angulaire The combined use of the relatively narrow web angle injector and a specially shaped bowl allows a traditional mode of operation for fuel injection near top dead center but within an angular range.
plus grande que celle permise habituellement. larger than is usually allowed.
Suivant un mode de réalisation, on choisit par exemple un injecteur avec un angle de nappe compris par exemple dans la fourchette angulaire 0 à 120 que l'on peut avantageusement restreindre à la fourchette angulaire 50 à 100 . L'angle au sommet du téton est choisi supérieur à l'angle de nappe (A1) de According to one embodiment, an injector with an angle of web included for example in the angular range 0 to 120 is chosen, for example, which can advantageously be restricted to the angular range 50 to 100. The angle at the top of the nipple is chosen to be greater than the lap angle (A1) of
préférence dans une fourchette angulaire comprise entre 0 et 30 . preferably in an angular range of between 0 and 30.
Suivant un mode de réalisation, on choisit par exemple un piston avec un bol According to one embodiment, for example, a piston with a bowl is chosen.
dont la coupe transversale suivant un diamètre du piston, est curviligne de demi- whose cross-section along a diameter of the piston, is curvilinear from half
i longueur b et obtenue par le raccordement, depuis le centre vers la périphérie du piston, d'au moins deux parties, la première partie ayant un rayon de courbure R1, la deuxième partie ayant un rayon de courbure R2, les dimensions du bol satisfaisant à au moins l'une des conditions suivantes: - le rapport BD/L est inférieur à 6 et de préférence inférieur à 4; - le rapport BD/R1 est supérieur à 4; - le rapport R2/R1 est compris entre 0.4 et 1; - le rapport FD/BD est inférieur à 0.8; et - le rapport Cb/BD est inférieur à 2, i length b and obtained by connecting, from the center to the periphery of the piston, at least two parts, the first portion having a radius of curvature R1, the second portion having a radius of curvature R2, the dimensions of the bowl satisfactory at least one of the following conditions: the ratio BD / L is less than 6 and preferably less than 4; the ratio BD / R1 is greater than 4; the ratio R2 / R1 is between 0.4 and 1; the ratio FD / BD is less than 0.8; and the ratio Cb / BD is less than 2,
FD désignant le diamètre du bol au fond de celui-ci. FD designating the diameter of the bowl at the bottom of it.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet d'améliorer la latitude de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne à injection directe comprenant au moins un cylindre, un piston coulissant dans ce cylindre, des moyens d'admission et d'échappement de gaz, une chambre de combustion délimitée sur un côté par une paroi du piston comprenant un téton pointant vers la tête du cylindre, au centre d'une The method according to the invention makes it possible to improve the operating latitude of a direct injection internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder, a piston sliding in this cylinder, gas intake and exhaust means, a combustion chamber bounded on one side by a wall of the piston comprising a pin pointing towards the cylinder head, in the center of a
cuvette ou bol.bowl or bowl.
Il comporte l'injection de carburant dans chaque cylindre par un injecteur à angle de nappe relativement faible choisi pour que les jets de carburant ne touchent pas les parois du cylindre, pour toute position du piston (5) comprise entre + 50 et +180 ou entre -50 et -180 par rapport au point mort haut (PMH) Suivant un mode de mise en oeuvre, on utilise un piston tel que l'angle au sommet du téton soit sensiblement en accord avec l'angle de nappe de l'injecteur, et on donne à la paroi du bol une forme telle que le carburant injecté soit dévié vers la tête du cylindre en suivant sa concavité vers l'extérieur du bol et vaporisé sans mouiller les parois du cylindre, pour toute position du piston jusqu'à + 30 par It comprises injecting fuel into each cylinder by a relatively small angle-of-web injector chosen so that the fuel jets do not touch the walls of the cylinder, for any position of the piston (5) between + 50 and +180 or between -50 and -180 relative to the top dead center (TDC) According to one embodiment, a piston is used such that the angle at the apex of the stud is substantially in agreement with the angle of the ply of the injector , and the bowl wall is shaped so that the injected fuel is deflected towards the cylinder head by following its concavity towards the outside of the bowl and vaporized without wetting the walls of the cylinder, for any position of the piston to + 30 per
I0 rapport au point mort haut (PMH). I0 ratio to top dead center (TDC).
Le système de combustion selon l'invention avec son injecteur à faible angle de nappe et sa chambre de combustion adaptée, permet d'éviter la présence de carburant liquide sur les parois du cylindre tout en offrant de larges possibilités de The combustion system according to the invention with its low angle injector and its adapted combustion chamber, avoids the presence of liquid fuel on the walls of the cylinder while offering wide possibilities of
contrôle de la pollution et des performances des moteurs. pollution control and engine performance.
A pleine charge et aux charges élevées, la forme du bol permet un bon entraîinement du carburant vapeur favorisant ainsi son mélange avec l'air afin d'obtenir une bonne vitesse de combustion et des richesses de fonctionnement élevées, traduisant une bonne utilisation de l'air admis. Aux charges partielles, un angle de nappe réduit permet une grande latitude dans les réglages du système At full load and at high loads, the shape of the bowl allows a good entrainment of steam fuel thus promoting its mixing with the air to obtain a good burn rate and high operating wealth, reflecting a good use of the air admitted. At partial loads, a reduced web angle allows a great deal of latitude in the system settings
d'injection en s'affranchissant du mouillage des parois. injection without the wetting of the walls.
Présentation des figures D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du système selon l'invention, DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other features and advantages of the system according to the invention,
apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'un exemple non limitatif de will appear on reading the following description of a non-limiting example of
réalisation, en se référant aux dessins annexés o: - la Fig. 1 montre schématiquement un système de combustion avec injecteur de carburant à nappe étroite et surface de piston à profil étudié pour offrir une plus grande latitude dans le choix des instants possibles d'injection; et - les Fig.2a à 2e modélisent différents stades de la combustion de carburant (entre -15 V et +40 V) effectuée en utilisant le système selon l'invention et pour un fonctionnement pleine charge. Sur ces figures, ce qui est en noir représente le carburant injecté, ce qui est en grisé plus clair représente l'air, et ce qui est en grisé sombre représente un mélange d'air et de carburant vaporisé. embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, where: FIG. 1 schematically shows a combustion system with narrow-web fuel injector and profiled piston surface to provide greater latitude in the choice of possible injection times; and FIGS. 2a to 2e model different stages of fuel combustion (between -15 V and +40 V) performed using the system according to the invention and for full load operation. In these figures, what is black represents the fuel injected, what is shaded lighter represents air, and what is dark gray represents a mixture of air and vaporized fuel.
Description détailléedetailed description
Le système de combustion selon l'invention est adapté à un moteur à combustion interne à injecteur de carburant, de type diesel, comprenant au moins un cylindre 1 avec une tête 2, comprenant une ou plusieurs soupapes d'admission 3, une ou plusieurs soupapes d'échappement 4, un piston 5 coulissant dans le cylindre 1 et The combustion system according to the invention is suitable for an internal combustion engine with a fuel injector, of diesel type, comprising at least one cylinder 1 with a head 2, comprising one or more intake valves 3, one or more valves 4, a piston 5 sliding in the cylinder 1 and
un injecteur de carburant 6 disposé dans l'axe du cylindre. a fuel injector 6 disposed in the axis of the cylinder.
L'injecteur de carburant est de type à faible angle de nappe A1. On choisit un angle de nappe AI au plus de 120 . L'angle de nappe est choisi pour que les parois du cylindre ne soient jamais mouillées par le carburant pour toute position du piston comprise entre + 50 et +a ou entre -50 et -a, ou a représente l'angle maximal du vilebrequin pour la phase d'injection choisie par rapport au point mort haut (PMH) (a < 180 ) pour obtenir une combustion de type homogène. Si F désigne la distance maximale entre le point d'origine des jets de l'injecteur 6 et la position la plus basse du piston pendant l'injection, cela signifie que l'angle de nappe AI est tel The fuel injector is of the low-angle type A1. One chooses an angle of ply AI at most of 120. The lap angle is chosen so that the cylinder walls are never wetted by the fuel for any position of the piston between + 50 and + a or between -50 and -a, where a represents the maximum angle of the crankshaft for the chosen injection phase with respect to the top dead center (TDC) (a <180) to obtain a homogeneous combustion type. If F denotes the maximum distance between the point of origin of the jets of the injector 6 and the lowest position of the piston during the injection, this means that the angle of the ply AI is such that
AI CDAI CD
que Arctg -- C-. La distance F est par conséquent au plus celle entre le point that Arctg - C-. The distance F is therefore at most that between the point
2 2.F2 2.F
d'origine des jets de l'injecteur 6 et le point mort bas PMB. original jets of the injector 6 and the bottom dead center PMB.
Une fourchette angulaire typique pour l'angle de nappe AI est par exemple A typical angular range for the lap angle AI is, for example
comprise entre 50 et 100 .between 50 and 100.
La chambre de combustion est délimitée d'un côté par la tête de cylindre 2 et du côté opposé, par la face supérieure du piston 5. Cette face est conformée de la manière suivante. Elle comporte un téton 7 s'élevant au centre d'une cuvette ou bol 8 dont la concavité est tournée vers la tête de cylindre 2. L'angle au sommet A2 du téton 7 est adapté sensiblement à l'angle de nappe AI de l'injecteur 6, de façon que le piston se trouvant au voisinage du point mort haut (PMH), le carburant soit injecté sensiblement le long des flancs du téton. La section diamétrale du bol 8 est curviligne et comprend, depuis le haut du téton 7 en s'écartant symétriquement vers l'extérieur du piston 5, de part et d'autre de son axe, une première partie de rayon de courbure R1, une deuxième partie de rayon de courbure R2. La profondeur du bol 8 est de préférence supérieure à la hauteur du téton. Le sommet du téton 7 peut être de forme conique ou être aplati ou arrondi. On désigne par L la profondeur du bol 8, par BD, The combustion chamber is delimited on one side by the cylinder head 2 and on the opposite side, by the upper face of the piston 5. This face is shaped in the following manner. It comprises a pin 7 rising in the center of a bowl or bowl 8 whose concavity is turned towards the cylinder head 2. The angle at the apex A2 of the pin 7 is adapted substantially to the angle of the lap AI of the injector 6, so that the piston is in the vicinity of the top dead center (TDC), the fuel is injected substantially along the sides of the stud. The diametral section of the bowl 8 is curvilinear and comprises, from the top of the stud 7, deviating symmetrically towards the outside of the piston 5, on either side of its axis, a first part of radius of curvature R1, a second part of radius of curvature R2. The depth of the bowl 8 is preferably greater than the height of the stud. The top of the pin 7 may be conical or be flattened or rounded. We denote by L the depth of the bowl 8, by BD,
le diamètre du bol, par CD, le diamètre du cylindre, par -, la longueur de la demi- the diameter of the bowl, by CD, the diameter of the cylinder, by -, the length of the half
coupe diamétrale du bol 8 depuis le sommet du téton 7 jusqu'à son raccordement avec la face supérieure du piston 5 (la longueur développée de la coupe diamétrale du bol est par conséquent Cb) et par A3, l'angle par rapport à la face supérieure du piston, que fait la paroi extérieure du bol. FD désigne le diamètre du bol 8 au fond de celui-ci. diametral section of the bowl 8 from the top of the pin 7 to its connection with the upper face of the piston 5 (the developed length of the diametral cup of the bowl is therefore Cb) and A3, the angle with respect to the face top of the piston, what does the outer wall of the bowl. FD denotes the diameter of the bowl 8 at the bottom thereof.
La forme du bol 8 est compatible avec l'angle de nappe A1 que l'on choisit. The shape of the bowl 8 is compatible with the angle of the sheet A1 that is chosen.
Elle est adaptée pour que, dans le mode de fonctionnement de type traditionnel (pour toute position du piston 5 jusqu'à + 30 par rapport au point mort haut (PMH) par exemple), on obtienne l'effet recherché de déviation du carburant injecté vers la tête du cylindre (en suivant sa concavité vers l'extérieur du bol) et sa vaporisation sans qu'il puisse aller mouiller les parois du cylindre. Cette forme est obtenue de préférence en respectant les conditions suivantes: - le rapport BD/L est inférieur à 6 et de préférence inférieur à 4; - le rapport BD/R1 est supérieur à 4; - le rapport R2/R1 est compris entre 0.4 et 1; - le rapport FD/BD est inférieur à 0.8; et It is adapted so that, in the operating mode of traditional type (for any position of the piston 5 up to + 30 relative to the top dead center (TDC) for example), one obtains the desired effect of deflection of the injected fuel. towards the head of the cylinder (following its concavity towards the outside of the bowl) and its vaporization without it being able to go to wet the walls of the cylinder. This form is preferably obtained while complying with the following conditions: the ratio BD / L is less than 6 and preferably less than 4; the ratio BD / R1 is greater than 4; the ratio R2 / R1 is between 0.4 and 1; the ratio FD / BD is less than 0.8; and
- le rapport Cb/BD est inférieur à 2. the ratio Cb / BD is less than 2.
Pour A3, on choisit de préférence un angle de moins de 45 . For A3, an angle of less than 45 is preferably chosen.
On vérifie sur les Fig.2a à 2e qui modélisent différents stades de la combustion à pleine charge, que le carburant injecté est bien guidé le long des It is verified in Fig.2a to 2e which model different stages of the combustion at full load, that the fuel injected is well guided along the
concavités du bol.concavities of the bowl.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0016823A FR2818324B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2000-12-20 | DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE WITH A LOW ANGLE INJECTOR |
| EP01403279.1A EP1217186B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-18 | Direct injection engine with small spray angle and methods of using such an engine |
| KR1020010081033A KR100801117B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-19 | Direct-injection engine with small nappe angle and processes allowing such an engine to be used |
| JP2001388111A JP2002227650A (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Direct fuel injection type engine with small nappe angle and method enabling use of the same |
| US10/022,218 US6640772B2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Direct-injection engine with small nappe angle and processes allowing such an engine to be used |
| KR1020070124959A KR20070118219A (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2007-12-04 | Direct-injection engine with small nappe angle and processes allowing such an engine to be used |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0016823A FR2818324B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2000-12-20 | DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE WITH A LOW ANGLE INJECTOR |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2818324A1 true FR2818324A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 |
| FR2818324B1 FR2818324B1 (en) | 2003-05-16 |
Family
ID=8858040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0016823A Expired - Fee Related FR2818324B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2000-12-20 | DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE WITH A LOW ANGLE INJECTOR |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2818324B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2874972A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH DIRECT FUEL INJECTION AND ENGINE USING SUCH A METHOD |
| FR2882100A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | FUEL INJECTION CONTROL METHOD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ENGINE USING SUCH A METHOD |
| WO2006097639A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Internal combustion engine, in particular with direct injection, with a piston provided with a trough comprising a dog point |
| EP1801398A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-27 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine, in particular with direct injection, comprising a piston equipped with a bowl having a guide pin |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2874972A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH DIRECT FUEL INJECTION AND ENGINE USING SUCH A METHOD |
| FR2882100A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | FUEL INJECTION CONTROL METHOD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ENGINE USING SUCH A METHOD |
| WO2006087451A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-24 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method for control of fuel injection for an internal combustion engine and engine using such a method |
| US7874276B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2011-01-25 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Fuel injection control method for an internal-combustion engine and engine using the same |
| WO2006097639A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Internal combustion engine, in particular with direct injection, with a piston provided with a trough comprising a dog point |
| FR2883336A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR DIRECT INJECTION, WITH A PISTON PROVIDED WITH A BOWL THAT CONTAINS A TOE |
| US7677221B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2010-03-16 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Internal-combustion engine, notably of direct injection type, with a piston provided with a bowl comprising a teat |
| EP1801398A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-27 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine, in particular with direct injection, comprising a piston equipped with a bowl having a guide pin |
| US7415965B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2008-08-26 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Fuel injection method for internal-combustion engine, notably of direct injection type, comprising a piston provided with a bowl and a teat |
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