WO2009074961A1 - Dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, et appareil de commande apparenté - Google Patents

Dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, et appareil de commande apparenté Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009074961A1
WO2009074961A1 PCT/IB2008/055213 IB2008055213W WO2009074961A1 WO 2009074961 A1 WO2009074961 A1 WO 2009074961A1 IB 2008055213 W IB2008055213 W IB 2008055213W WO 2009074961 A1 WO2009074961 A1 WO 2009074961A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
vehicle
transit
light
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2008/055213
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ruggero Rosati
Original Assignee
Ruggero Rosati
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruggero Rosati filed Critical Ruggero Rosati
Priority to EP08860073A priority Critical patent/EP2235710A1/fr
Publication of WO2009074961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009074961A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/04—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a device apt to detect the transit and/or the parking of vehicles in relationship with a predetermined position or gate, particularly suitable to be usec in a urban environment either to survey the traffic streams along a certain lines, to carry out the computation of vehicles entering or leaving at a gate, or to verify the presence of a vehicle at a given place, e.g. a parking place.
  • activities listed to an exemplificative and non exhaustive purpose, has a great importance to correctly plan the road facilities, especially it a urban level.
  • Such data are requested for a plurality of scopes, e.g. the traffic control, the public information, the violation fining, the toll computation, the parking survey, the traffic security and study and analysis of the public transportation.
  • the traffic detection methods that are nowadays known do not succeed to provide the bulk of data actually needed to the above purposes.
  • the state of the art of this kind of devices comprises the use of system having, as detection sensors, cameras, radars, inductive loops, magnetic sensors, piezoelectric sensor and so on.
  • RADAR systems can be found, and detecting systems using a video imaging based on cameras continuously acquiring traffic scenes. Even the application of such technologies has anyway huge problems in the urban use. In fact, RADAR's have in particular troubles in the traffic control in multi-lane motorways. The camera systems are even quite careful in good weather conditions, but they have a very high cost, and suffer of the presence of rain, fog and the like.
  • the daylight-nightlight cycle considerably modifies the kind of shot images, increasing the complexity of the computer treatment thereof.
  • the most common vehicle computing systems are still essentially based on inductive sensors (magnetic coils) detecting the passage of the metallic body associated to a vehicle, on pneumatic tubes transversally placed at the vehicle passage achieving a pressure pulse, and on the human observation as well.
  • the technical problem at the root of the present invention consists in providing a device for the detection of the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle trough a gate or on a predetermined place allowing to obviate to the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • the idea of solution underlying the present invention is to overwork the fact that the vertical component of the environmental lighting is materially obstructed by the passing vehicle, at the profile thereof on the terrain.
  • the light being the environment where the device is installed. It is the sum of several components, varying according to the daylight/nightlight cycle and to the weather conditions.
  • the vertical component In the daylight, the vertical component is usually represented by the light coming from the vault of heaven, distinct from that directly coming from the solar lighting which is usually inclined, at least outside the tropical regions.
  • the nightlight such vertical component is instead determined by the road lighting, i.e. by the street lamps placed above the roadway, distinct from the lighting produced by the vehicle headlamps.
  • Said device means for collecting a signal from said sensor, and for processing it according to the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle above the device.
  • Said device allow an easy use, an installation and a maintenance, and it provides with data in a reliable way without being influenced by the traffic state, by the weather conditions and by the daylight/nightlight cycle.
  • the invention is referred to a checking and monitoring apparatus for the traffic and for the parking of vehicles using one or more of said devices.
  • This apparatus is characterized by the low energy consumption and by the complete absence of polluting electromagnetic emissions.
  • the device can include a microprocessor carrying out the computing of the detected transits, and memorizing such data at predetermined time intervals in a buffer memory.
  • the microprocessor can also measure the time span of each detected transit and then add up the spans of all the detected transits inside predetermined time intervals and then finally determine the occupation rate associated to said time intervals, given by the ratio between the total length of the detected transits and the length of the time interval to which the transits themselves are referred. Finally, the microprocessor can memorize said values inside a buffer memory.
  • the device can comprise a double light sensor, optimized for surveys carried out in conditions of high and low luminosity respectively.
  • the above mentioned microprocessor can use the signal coming from the second sensor for daylight surveys in presence of low luminosity and for the nightlight surveys with artificial light, but continuing to use the signal generated by the first sensor for the daylight surveys in presence of daylight luminosity.
  • Such sensors can comprise optical filters.
  • the filter applied to the sensor for the daylight surveys prevent the exposure of the sensor at the direct sunlight, while the filter applied to the sensor for the nightlight survey in presence of artificial lighting prevents the exposure of the sensor to the skimming light of the vehicle headlamps.
  • said filters limit the sensor detection to the sole component of the light flux coming according to a vertical line.
  • the direct sunlight at non tropical latitudes, is inclined by an angle substantially depending upon the angle complementary to the latitude.
  • the device comprises a circuit apt to the wireless transmission of the recorded data to a remote data logger, so as to receive and manage the data coming from a network of traffic detecting apparatuses from a remote station.
  • the use of a second light sensor is provided, aligned along the path line of the transits, to fix the way of the transits.
  • the use of a further light sensor can be provided, aligned along the path line of the transits allowing the detection and the subsequent recording of the speed and of the overall length of each single passing vehicle.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram illustrating the electric circuit of a device for detecting the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 2a and 2b show two perspective views of a case apt to house the batteries and the electronics of a device for detecting the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a sectioned view of a case of preceding Figures 2a and 2b;
  • Figure 4a and 4b show two respective top and bottom perspective views of a filter applied to a sensor for daylight surveys in a device for detecting the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a filter applied to a sensor for nightlight surveys in a device for detecting the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 6 shows a partially exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a device for detecting the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to the invention
  • Figure 6A shows a perspective view of an alternative detail of the device of Figure 6;
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the device of Figure 6, after a complete installation
  • Figure 8 illustrates an apparatus using more devices according to one of the preceding embodiment of the present invention, in an operation environment
  • Figure 9 schematically illustrates a device according to one of the preceding embodiments of the present invention, for highlighting the operation thereof with respect to the incident environmental light;
  • Figures 1OA and 10B schematically illustrate the relationship between a vehicle and a device according to one of the preceding embodiments of the invention, and the incident environmental light.
  • Figure 1 reports a block diagram substantially illustrating the operation of a device for the detection of the transit and/or the parking of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention, providing the computation and the evaluation of the occupation time of vehicles passing on a roadway lane.
  • two photosensitive sensors are provided, particularly a daylight sensor D and a nightlight sensor N, positioned side-by-side at a surface of a roadway lane subject to the survey. They generate an analogical signal indicative of the environmental luminosity level being there.
  • the light is detected through two different sensors. Such sensors transduce the light flux in a current proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
  • the transresistance amplifiers are appropriately uncoupled by means of two voltage follower, and then each signal is read by an ADC (Analog to Digital converter).
  • ADC Analog to Digital converter
  • Such ADC are directly inserted in a microcontroller, so as the two digital signals thereby obtained can be easily analyzed.
  • the microprocessor has a RAM buffer memory, a real time clock, and input/output (1(0) devices for the programming and the download of the stored data, namely a connector where a RF card can be plugged to execute a wireless link between the apparatus and a remote station.
  • the above described electric and electronic equipments are supplied by rechargeable batteries (the connections between the batteries and the remaining members are not shown in Figure 1 for the sake of simplicity).
  • the electric and electronic equipments and the batteries as well can be hosted in a case 3.
  • the case 3 can be made with different materials, e.g. in thermocurable material like in the present embodiment of the invention.
  • the case 3 can be fixed by fixing means of various kinds at the road surface, e.g. nails or resins.
  • the above case 3 is provided with two different circular openings 4, 5 formed at a top surface thereof, with a cover in transparent material, e.g. Plexiglas, allowing the passage of light toward a respective pair of sensor D 1 N.
  • a cover in transparent material e.g. Plexiglas
  • the photosensitive sensor hosted in the case 3 have a position, with respect to the respective opening 4, 5 so as to be illuminated therethrough according to the environmental lighting.
  • environmental lighting is understood as the light present in the environment where the survey is carried out. It comprises an incident vertical component on the top surface of the case 3.
  • Such sensors find a housing, together with the remaining of the electronics, inside a vane defined by said case 3, which will be inserted in a slit suitably created on the road surface, perpendicularly to the transit directions.
  • Said top surface of the case 3 is defined by a lid 6 aligned with the carriageable surface, provide a protection for the whole case.
  • Said top surface forms cambered profiles 1 allowing, in this embodiment, to prevent the contact between a tire and the openings 4, 5.
  • Said cambers 1 are substantially separated by grooves 2 defining a corridor at each of the opening 4, 5 of the sensor.
  • an optical filter 8 and an electric circuit 7 are positioned at each of the opening 4, 5.
  • said filter 8 is placed at each of said openings 4, 5 and carries out the task of selecting a substantially vertical component of the incident light.
  • the selection can be carried out either mechanically (i.e. without implied optical phenomena but only by way of obstruction) or optically.
  • such filter can also be inherent to the respective photovoltaic sensor.
  • the dimensions in the plan view of the case 3 are reported in the following which, in the present embodiment, are about 20 cm. for each side.
  • the difference in height produced by the cambers 1 with respect to the road surface is less than 1 cm so as to be practically imperceptible.
  • the dimensions of the vane inserted into the road surface are about 5 cm in depth and 2 cm in width.
  • Figures 4A and 4Bm they represent one of the filters as a whole, particularly a daylight filter.
  • the filter has a cylindrical shape, with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the sensor, the latter being hosted on the lower part of the filter 8, at its lower edge 10.
  • the filter has a foraminated surface corresponding to a rate of the whole surface in a range 15% to 25%, namely 17,5%, by means of holes 9 with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 3 mm.
  • the filter allows the direct inlet of a light flux with an incidence angle to 18° with respect to the perpendicular of the road surface.
  • the filter surfaces are colored in black, to minimize the reflection effects of the light which may create disturbances or false signals.
  • a perspective view of the filter 8' is shown, provided at the night light filter N of the present embodiment of the invention. It is a simple cylinder, with a diameter slightly larger than that of the sensor itself, colored in black, exceeding in height the sensor placed at the bottom thereof, at a depth suitable to shield the sensor itself from the direct skimming light coming from the vehicle headlamps. Such depth could be 10 mm.
  • the case 3 has a simplified shape, merely cylindrical with curved side walls 12 and a bottom 13 on which the electronics (not shown) and the sensors D, N are rested.
  • opposed threaded holes 14 are formed, suitable for a connection with a wiring 15 having the function of electrically connecting said electronics to an external unit, in which at least some of the functions represented with reference to figure 1 are carried out.
  • the wiring 15 is connected by suitable fixing members 16 providing to water tightly seal the holes 14 of the case 3.
  • the lid 6 is flat and connected to the top of the case 3. On it, openings 4, 5 are formed, protected by a transparent cover. They are placed along a single groove 2 for both the openings 4, 5.
  • the lid 6 of Figure 6A may be used, without groove and with transparent covers aligned to the lid surface.
  • This embodiment is easy to manufacture, e.g. starting from aluminum profiles or high resistance plastics, by simple step of cut and molding.
  • a sealed case 3 is obtained (Figure 7) that can be placed, as illustrated in figure 8, at the same level of the road surface.
  • the interior of the case 4 may be painted so as to have a reflexivity close to zero.
  • the filter is simply determined by the distance between respective opening 4, 5 and corresponding sensor D, N rested on the electronics 17 thereof ( Figure 9). Such a distance assures that only the vertical component of the light present at the road surface reach the sensor, as graphically shown in Figures 9, 10A and 10B.
  • the incidence angle ⁇ of the light radiation with respect to a vertical axis V reaching the sensor should be lower than 30°, preferably lower than 20°.
  • the wiring is connected to a unit 20 housing the electronics processing the signals obtained from the sensors D, N and transmitting the corresponding data to a remote control station.
  • a case 3 may host only one kind of sensor, daylight or nightlight, and more than one case may be connected to the unit 20, some of them dedicated to the daylight sensors and some of them dedicated to the nightlight sensors.
  • the same sensor may carry out both the daylight and the night light functions. It is understood that the sensor may be calibrated to have a higher sensitiveness to the vertical component of the incident lighting.
  • the senor may have a sensitiveness extended over the whole bandwidth corresponding to the light emitted from the heaven vault in the daylight, whose wavelength corresponds to an emission temperature varying from 6.000 K to 10.000 K in cloudy sky conditions, and from about 10.000 K to 18.000 K in clear sky conditions - in contrast to the emission temperature of the sunlight varying about from 5.000 K to 5.500 K.
  • an optical filter may be proposed, transparent to the light emitted from the heaven vault, but opaque only to the direct sunlight.
  • the same reasoning may be repeated for the night light, wherein the variation in luminosity interesting for the present device is that emitted by the road lighting, i.e. usually emitted at a well defined wavelength, different from that of the headlamps.
  • road lighting can be arranged suitably for the device, and having a wavelength outside the field of the visible light, e.g. infrared.
  • a wavelength outside the field of the visible light e.g. infrared.
  • the variation of the light signal received from the sensor at the transit of a vehicle thereabove depends upon several factors: the kind of vehicle, the height of the vehicle chassis from the ground, the speed thereof, the characteristics of the filter applied to the sensor and, above all, the minimum vertical distance between the axis of the vehicle and the sensor position.
  • An advantageous aspect of the present invention is represented in that the decreasing of lighting at the transits is usually so sharp with respect to variations peculiar of the environmental lighting to not involve particular problems in the selection of the threshold identifying the start and the end of the transit.
  • the control on the absolute value of the light flux is used, associating the event "start" of the transit to the instant when the light flux drop down a predetermined threshold, to be established as a rate of the average environmental value measured just before the event, e.g. the 50% of the environmental value measured in the preceding minute.
  • the use of the device for the detection of parking's can be provided basing the survey on the analysis of the time derivative of the light flux.
  • the event "parking” is typically characterized by very long permanence timing, with consequent possible high (even slow) difference in the absolute values of the environmental lighting.
  • the event "start” is indicated by a very high negative value of the time derivative of the signal.
  • the event "end” will be detected by a high positive value of the time derivative of the signal.
  • the software executes the following steps: a) Computation of the mean, in controlled absence of events, of the environmental values of the light flux from the two sensors in the first minute of detection; b) Selection of the most adequate sensor to be used for the detection as a function of the encountered environmental data; c) Set up of a threshold value of about 50% of the mean referred to the selected sensor; d) Starting of a real time counter; e) Execution of a new sampling; f) If the sampled value is lower than the threshold, increase of the counter of the transit time; g) Until the value is below the threshold, the counter "transit time” is updated; h) When the light get back above the threshold, the "event " counter is increate of one unit; i) After each minute as indicated by the real time counter, execution of a mean of the sampled environmental values from the
  • Steps from (a) to (d) are requested to start-up the apparatus and are executed only once at the starting of the survey, in controller absence of transits.
  • the selection of the threshold value which can correspond to a rate variable from 30% to 70% of the value of the environmental average of the present luminosity, obviously concerns the filtered environmental light, i.e. the vertical component thereof.
  • the shadow determined by a vehicle C is divided in shadow caused by the obstruction of the vertical component V of the environmental light by the profile of the vehicle C, and shadow A caused by the sunlight S.
  • the case 3 of the device detects the transit f the vehicle only when the latter is hovering thereabove, and does not detect anything for the shadows caused by the sunlight S, which might not belong to vehicles.
  • the microprocessor has been therefore programmed to count the vehicles and to measure the transit time at predetermined time intervals, in consideration that in this embodiment a real time clock is provided.
  • the computations and the detected transit time s are memorized in the buffer memory.
  • the content of the memory can be subsequently downloaded on a PC with different techniques, e.g.:
  • a further variant can foresee a flattened case, apt to be applied to a road surface without excavations or holed.
  • the height of the top camber must be kept at the minimum.
  • the geometrical relationship between opening and sensor may be maintained deflecting the incoming light by a mirror, and taking care of reflecting only said vertical component according to a known direction, e.g. horizontal, along which the sensor is placed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, pouvant être positionné au niveau de la surface de la route, qui permet une utilisation, une installation et un entretien aisés, lequel dispositif fournit des données de façon fiable sans être influencé par l'état du trafic, par les conditions météorologiques et par le cycle de lumière diurne/lumière nocturne et, à cet effet, le dispositif comprend : un boîtier (3) ayant une surface supérieure, apte à être positionné sur une surface pouvant être transportée, opposée au ciel et comportant au moins une ouverture (4, 5) ; au moins un détecteur photosensible (D, N), reçu à l'intérieur dudit boîtier (3) au niveau de ladite ouverture, de façon à être éclairé à travers celui-ci selon l'éclairage environnemental ; un filtre (8, 8') au niveau de ladite ouverture (4, 5), apte à sélectionner une composante sensiblement verticale (V) de la lumière incidente ; et des moyens pour collecter un signal à partir dudit détecteur et pour le traiter selon le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule (C) au-dessus du dispositif.
PCT/IB2008/055213 2007-12-11 2008-12-10 Dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, et appareil de commande apparenté WO2009074961A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08860073A EP2235710A1 (fr) 2007-12-11 2008-12-10 Dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, et appareil de commande apparenté

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM2007A000636 2007-12-11
ITRM20070636 ITRM20070636A1 (it) 2007-12-11 2007-12-11 Apparato per il rilievo del transito e/o della sosta di veicoli

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WO2009074961A1 true WO2009074961A1 (fr) 2009-06-18

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PCT/IB2008/055213 WO2009074961A1 (fr) 2007-12-11 2008-12-10 Dispositif pour détecter le transit et/ou le stationnement d'un véhicule, et appareil de commande apparenté

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EP (1) EP2235710A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITRM20070636A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009074961A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014064590A1 (fr) 2012-10-22 2014-05-01 KLUNSYS S.r.l. Dispositif de détection de proximité d'un véhicule et système de surveillance d'espaces de stationnement d'un parc de stationnement

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3798743A (en) 1972-03-09 1974-03-26 E Griswold Method of installing photoelectric cell in a driveway

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3798743A (en) 1972-03-09 1974-03-26 E Griswold Method of installing photoelectric cell in a driveway

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014064590A1 (fr) 2012-10-22 2014-05-01 KLUNSYS S.r.l. Dispositif de détection de proximité d'un véhicule et système de surveillance d'espaces de stationnement d'un parc de stationnement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM20070636A1 (it) 2009-06-12
EP2235710A1 (fr) 2010-10-06

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