WO2009071001A1 - Procédé de stockage souterrain de dioxyde de carbone basé sur l'auto-séparation d'un mélange de fluide - Google Patents

Procédé de stockage souterrain de dioxyde de carbone basé sur l'auto-séparation d'un mélange de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009071001A1
WO2009071001A1 PCT/CN2008/072608 CN2008072608W WO2009071001A1 WO 2009071001 A1 WO2009071001 A1 WO 2009071001A1 CN 2008072608 W CN2008072608 W CN 2008072608W WO 2009071001 A1 WO2009071001 A1 WO 2009071001A1
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well
carbon dioxide
mixed fluid
injection
geological storage
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PCT/CN2008/072608
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiaochun Li
Ning Wei
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Institute Of Rock And Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Application filed by Institute Of Rock And Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences filed Critical Institute Of Rock And Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
Publication of WO2009071001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009071001A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005Waste disposal systems
    • E21B41/0057Disposal of a fluid by injection into a subterranean formation
    • E21B41/0064Carbon dioxide sequestration
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide (co 2) geological storage, particularly to a co 2 geological storage mixed fluid from the separation based, mainly for co 2 deep brine formation (or deep saline aquifers) is co 2 geological sequestration.
  • co geological storage 2 CO.'S 2 will compress deep injection formation.
  • methods used for co 2 geological storage are: C0 2 -E0R (C0 2 enhanced oil exploitation), CO2-ECBM (C0 2 enhanced CBM mining method), C0 2 displacement natural gas and gas field storage, C0 2 aquifer storage, C0 2 basalt storage, C0 2 abandoned mine storage, C0 2 rock salt storage, etc.
  • Aquifer storage is one of the main measures to achieve long-term C0 2 emission reduction globally.
  • geological storage of C0 2 is being carried out in three industrial-scale projects (on the order of 1 million tons of co 2 /year or more): the Sleipner project in the North Sea; Weyburn, Canada Project and the Salah project in Norway.
  • About 3 - 4 megatons of C0 2 are captured each year and sealed in geological formations, otherwise they will be released into the atmosphere.
  • Table 1 lists other C0 2 geological storage projects around the world.
  • Various C0 2 geological storage methods are in the stages of pilot, demonstration, industrial scale, etc., and have very good effects.
  • C0 2 C0 2 needs to capture (two mainly separated from the compression process), transport, injection, and other monitoring stages, C0 2 wherein the proportion of the cost of capturing the entire cost of C0 2 sequestration is very large Far more than half. If the cost of C0 2 capture can be reduced, the cost of geological storage of the entire C0 2 will be reduced.
  • the invention provides a co 2 geological storage method based on self-separation of mixed fluid, which is economical, Simple, effective, and method that can be completed simultaneously with conventional co 2 geological storage.
  • the invention in turn includes the following steps:
  • the geological storage layer is a deep brine formation
  • the geological storage site comprises at least one injection well and one discharge well, and one injection well and two corresponding discharge wells, or two injection wells, may be provided according to geological conditions.
  • the discharge well and the injection well should be spaced apart (refer to the oilfield injection well and the recovery wellsite arrangement).
  • the invention mainly utilizes the solubility of C0 2 in water to be much larger than the solubility of N 2 in aquifer water and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixed fluid during migration.
  • the mixed fluid containing co 2 captured from the gas source is injected into the deep trap structure formation or the sealed formation through the injection well under a certain pressure by using a high pressure injection device; the mixed fluid injected in the early stage of the mixed fluid injection
  • the brine in the porous medium of the sealed formation is mainly discharged, and a part of the porous medium space in the sealed formation is occupied. As shown in Fig. 1.1, part of the mixed fluid is bound or dissolved in the pore water of the porous medium.
  • the mixed fluid Since the density of the formation brine is greater than the density of the injected mixed fluid, the mixed fluid has a density lower than that of the deep brine during the discharge and displacement of the formation fluid, and the mixed fluid is moved upward by the buoyancy force, and at the same time due to the low viscosity of the mixed fluid (mixing The viscous coefficient of the fluid is much lower than the viscosity coefficient of the brine.
  • the mixed fluid mainly migrates along the bottom of the upper cap rock. The velocity of the mixed fluid moving along the bottom of the cap rock is greater than the velocity of the migration along the bottom plate, forming the inverted triangular mixed fluid in Figure 1. region.
  • the mixed fluid migrates faster along the top of the shale, and the mixed fluid migrates along the shale for a longer distance in the same period of time, forming the inverted triangular mixed fluid region in Figure 1.2.
  • the various components in the mixed fluid are continuously dissolved during the migration process, and the mixed flow over time
  • the gas composition of the small solubility in the body will form a connecting channel at the bottom of the cap rock, as shown in Figure 1.3.
  • the mixed fluid continuously acts with the lower brine, wherein the soluble component mainly diffuses into the low concentration region by dissolution and molecular diffusion, dispersion, heterogeneous flow, convection, etc., and the undissolved mixed fluid component will pass through the communication channel.
  • the traps of the trap structure are collected, and the gas is discharged from the formation through the discharge well, so that most of the CO 2 gas will be sealed in the geological storage layer, and other small solubility gases (mainly N 2 ) will be discharged from the storage well by the discharge well. outer.
  • the invention is applicable to the field of CO 2 geological storage, and is suitable for storing C0 2 in a deep brine formation (deep brine aquifer), and is particularly suitable for C0 2 geological storage of deep brine formations in raft structures and inclined formations; the method is C0 2 geology The extension and breakthrough of storage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial stage of mixing fluid injection
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mixed fluid forming a communication passage in a sealed formation
  • Figure 1. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mixed fluid reaching the discharge well
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the horizontal surface of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between C0 2 and N 2 concentrations in a discharge well as a function of time
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the storage section in the case of multiple sequestration formations (multilayer horizontal wells);
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the storage in the case of a horizontal formation.
  • This method is an innovation of the CO 2 geological storage method, and some of the techniques in the conventional method are still applicable to the present invention.
  • the invention is applicable to the co 2 geological storage of general deep brine formations, and is particularly suitable for geological storage with good trapped geological structures, fold structures or inclined formation conditions, and the sealed deep brine formation has good cap rocks (41) or
  • the roof generally a dense, continuous continuous, low-permeability rock formation such as shale, mudstone, slate, etc., requires that the permeability of the cap rock (41) is much lower than that of the aquifer, and the cap rock (41) has a higher penetration.
  • Gas value capillary tension limit storage capacity
  • Intake value is greater than the pressure of the mixed fluid injected through the injection well (10), at least 10 MPa or more]
  • the cap rock (41) must be continuous, and it is not allowed to pass through the cap within the scope of the storage project.
  • the cap rock (41) in the deep aquifer preferably has ⁇ (44) (anticline structure or other ⁇ shape structure), forming a collection area in the raft, and the collected fluid is concentrated and discharged through the discharge well (20), as shown in Fig. 1.
  • ⁇ (44) anticline structure or other ⁇ shape structure
  • the geological storage layer of the present invention is a deep brine formation comprising at least one injection well (10) and one discharge well (20).
  • Injection wells (10) and discharge wells (20) are available in a variety of forms, including horizontal wells, vertical wells, and other forms of drilling.
  • An injection well (10) and a discharge well (20) are formed at the selected geological storage site, and the cap rock (41) is continuously penetrated into the geological storage layer (43);
  • the injection well (10) and the discharge well (20) are generally well-formed using horizontal well technology.
  • the horizontal well technology includes: horizontal wells such as super long horizontal wells, small curvature horizontal wells, vertical horizontal wells, multi-branched horizontal wells, and feathered horizontal wells. technology. The technology of horizontal wells is very mature and can be used directly.
  • the vertical portion of the injection well (10) and the discharge well (20) enters the interior of the trap structure through the cap rock (41).
  • a well sealed well between the drill casing and the cap rock (41) that runs vertically through the cap rock prevents the mixed fluid from escaping the geological storage layer (43) through the seal weak link.
  • the horizontal part of the well is as parallel as possible to the stratum to achieve a larger area of carbon dioxide sequestration.
  • the horizontal part (11) of the injection well is located as far as possible at the bottom of the geological storage layer (43); and the horizontal part (21) of the discharge well is located as far as possible in the upper part of the geological storage layer (43) to facilitate the discharge of the fluid collected in the sputum .
  • the location of the injection well (10) and the discharge well (20) is primarily dependent on the formation configuration, and the discharge well (20) is generally located at the top of the raft (44), primarily facilitating the migration and collection of injected mixed fluids, injection wells (10) and
  • the spacing between the discharge wells (20) (horizontal wells is horizontal) is generally 50m ⁇ 100km. For economic reasons, the optimal spacing between injection and discharge wells is 250m ⁇ 10km under the same geological conditions. This optimizes the cost of the entire injection process.
  • step 2 In the early stage (or initial stage) of injecting the mixed fluid, the fluid pressure of the entire sealed formation can be appropriately reduced by pumping or releasing the pressure through the injection well (10) and the discharge well (20), and then the injection pressure of the mixed fluid can be lowered, and the injection can be improved. Sex. Special attention needs to be paid to casing pressure resistance and sealing between the well and the formation during the well formation. 3. About step 2:
  • the mixed fluid (the main components are C0 2 , N 2 , and the remaining components are not limited) is continuously injected into the geological storage layer (43 ) through the injection well (10) by a high-pressure injection device; the pressure in the injection well needs to be greater than the pressure of the formation fluid.
  • the volume concentration of C0 2 is preferably between 50% and 85% (the existing low-cost gas separation technology can easily meet the concentration requirement, or some gas emission sources themselves meet these requirements), thereby realizing the entire aquifer.
  • the total cost of storage is the lowest.
  • it can be directly applied to the method of the present invention; for the exhaust gas discharged from the low concentration C0 2 emission source, it can be separated firstly, so that the concentration of C0 2 reaches 50% to 85%. injection.
  • the fluid discharged to the vicinity of the discharge well (20) is discharged through the discharge well (20).
  • the pressure at the wellhead of the discharge well (20) needs to be controlled within a certain range, and the C0 2 in the exhaust gas is monitored in real time. Concentration, not allowed (ie controlling the wellhead pressure at the discharge well) The partial pressure of C0 2 is too low, causing the C0 2 gas dissolved in the brine to be discharged into the discharge well (20).
  • the control of time is determined by monitoring the concentration, pressure, and range of changes in the gas near the discharge well, depending on the extent to which the mixed fluid migrates to the discharge well (20) and collects at the bottom of the sputum (44) or cap rock (41). .
  • the time range is from the time when the fluid has just reached the discharge well (lower limit) until the fluid is collected near the discharge well and the water in the geological storage layer near the discharge well (20) reaches about 20% (upper limit) of the volume of the geological storage layer.
  • the composition change of the discharge well (20) discharged from the mixed fluid is as shown in Fig. 2; once the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the economic concentration value, the mixed fluid injection is stopped immediately, and the well is sealed, the whole The storage work is completed.
  • the geological storage site in the present invention is a geological storage layer and all the above spaces (including geological formations such as geological storage layers, cap rock layers, interlayers, etc.).
  • Geological storage layer in the present invention mainly deep brine formation (or deep brine aquifer), same Suitable for oil-invasive oil-bearing and gas-bearing layers.
  • the cap rock in the present invention is a rock layer with low permeability in the formation (the permeability coefficient is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of the geological storage layer).
  • concentrations herein are all volume concentrations.

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Description

基于混合流体自分离的二氧化碳地质封存方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氧化碳 (co2) 地质封存方法, 尤其涉及一种基于混合流 体自分离的 co2地质封存方法, 主要针对 co2深部卤水地层(或深部盐水含水层) 的 co2地质封存。 背景技术
目前 co2地质封存方法主要采用的场地地质构造类型有:石油和天然气储层、 深部卤水地层 (简称含水层)、 不可开采的煤层、 玄武岩等地质构造。 在每一种 类型中, co2 的地质封存都将 co2 压縮注入深部地层中。 目前 co2地质封存采用 的方法有: C02-E0R (C02增强石油开采)、 CO2-ECBM (C02增强煤层气开采方法)、 C02驱替天然气并气田封存、 C02含水层封存、 C02玄武岩封存、 C02废弃矿井封存、 C02岩盐封存等。 初步评价的含水层封存容量巨大, 占整个地质封存容量的 80% 以上, 含水层封存是全球实现长期 C02减排的主要措施之一。 目前, C02的地质 封存正在三个工业规模的项目中进行 (100万吨 co2/年或以上的量级): 北海的 斯莱普内尔 (Sleipner) 项目; 加拿大的韦本 (Weyburn) 项目和阿尔及利亚的 萨拉赫 (Salah )项目。 每年捕获约 3 - 4兆吨 C02并封存在地质构造中, 否则将 会释放到大气中。 表 1列出了全世界其它的 C02地质封存项目。 各种 C02地质封 存方法在先导、 示范、 工业规模等阶段, 且有非常好的效果。
以上 C02地质封存方法都需要 C02捕获(主要有分离与压縮两个过程)、运输、 注入、 监测等阶段组成, 其中 C02的捕获成本在整个 C02封存成本中的比重是非 常大的, 远超过一半。 若能够降低 C02捕获的成本, 整个 C02地质封存的成本会 降低。
以上 C02地质封存方法全采用纯度非常高的 C02气体 (C02浓度在 95%以上) 进 行地质封存, 因此对 C02气源捕获要求特别高, 导致整个封存成本高, 而且捕获 成本很难在短期内降低, 必须寻找新的方法降低地质封存的成本。 表 1 国外进行的大型二氧化碳地质封存研发项目
Figure imgf000004_0001
发明内容
co2地质封存技术经过多年的发展, 已经成为一种具有巨大温室气体减排潜 力的技术; 各种地质封存方法已经在先导、 示范、 工业阶段, 为混合流体自分离 二氧化碳地质封存方法的提出奠定了基础。
本发明提供一种基于混合流体自分离的 co2地质封存方法, 它是一种经济、 简单、 有效, 而且能与常规 co2地质封存同时完成的方法。
本发明依次包括下列步骤:
①在选定的地质封存场地形成注入井和排放井,一直贯穿帽岩进入地质封存 层;
②通过高压注入设备将含有 co2的混合流体连续不断地通过注入井注入地质 封存层;
③混合流体注入一定时间后, 通过排放井释放迁移到排放井的混合流体;
④持续进行混合流体的注入和排放井的释放, 直到排放井排出的流体中 co2 浓度大于经济浓度值为止, 停止整个封存过程。
优选方案为,地质封存层为深部卤水地层,地质封存场地至少包含一个注入 井和一个排放井,可以根据地质条件需要设置一个注入井和与其相对应的两个排 放井, 或者两个注入井及相对应的三个排放井, 可以理解的是, 排放井与注入井 间应间隔设置 (可参考油田注入井和采收井井场布置方式)。
另外, 需要控制排放井井口的压力, 以溶解于排放井周围盐水中 co2气体不 大量析出为准。
本发明的工作原理:
本发明主要利用 C02在水中的溶解度远远大于 N2在含水层水体中的溶解度的 特点和混合流体在迁移过程中水动力学特点。将从气源中捕获的含 co2的混合流 体,采用高压注入设备将混合流体在一定压力下通过注入井注入深部圈闭构造地 层或封存地层中; 混合流体注入的早期阶段,注入的混合流体主要排开封存地层 多孔介质中的盐水, 占据封存地层中的部分多孔介质空间, 如图 1. 1所示, 部分 混合流体被束缚在或溶解于多孔介质孔隙水中。由于地层盐水的密度大于注入混 合流体的密度, 混合流体在排开和驱赶地层流体的过程中, 混合流体密度小于深 部盐水, 混合流体受到上浮力作用向上迁移, 同时由于混合流体的低粘度(混合 流体的粘滞系数远低与盐水的粘滞系数),混合流体主要沿上部帽岩层底部迁移, 混合流体沿帽岩底部迁移的速度大于沿底板的迁移速度,形成图 1中的倒三角混 合流体区域。特别沿倾斜构造地层迁移的过程, 混合流体沿帽岩顶部迁移的速度 更快,相同的时间内混合流体沿帽岩迁移更长的距离, 形成图 1. 2中的倒三角混 合流体区域。 混合流体中的各种成分在迁移过程中不断溶解, 随着时间, 混合流 体中小溶解度的气体成分会在帽岩底部形成连通的通道, 如图 1. 3所示。形成连 通通道后, 混合流体不断同下部盐水作用, 其中可溶成分主要通过溶解和分子扩 散、 弥散、 异重流、 对流等形式扩散到低浓度区域, 未溶解的混合流体成分将通 过连通通道在圈闭构造的穹窿汇集,通过排放井将这部分气体排出地层, 这样地 质封存层中将会封存绝大多数 C02气体, 其它小溶解度的气体(主要为 N2)会被 排放井排出封存地层外。
混合流体到达排放井附近初期,混合流体中还没有束缚和溶解的成分绝大多 数为 N2, 极少部分为 C02, 排放井排出的流体成分主要为 N2, 随着注入过程的发 展, 高浓度 C02会向排放井方向迁移, 因此排放井中的 C02浓度会越来越高。 当 排放井的 C02浓度超过经济浓度后, C02地质封存可以停止了, 如图 3所示。
本发明具有下列优点和积极效果:
大幅度降低地质封存对 C02捕获的浓度要求, 大幅度降低 C02捕获的成本和 整个 C02地质封存的成本(总成本降低可达 30%以上), 大幅度增加了 C02含水层 地质封存的早期实施机会。
本发明适用于 C02地质封存领域, 适用于将 C02封存于深部卤水地层 (深部 盐水含水层), 特别适合穹窿构造和倾斜地层的深部卤水地层的 C02地质封存; 该方法是 C02地质封存的延伸和突破。 附图说明
图 1. 1是混合流体注入初期的示意图;
图 1. 2是混合流体在封存地层中形成连通通道示意图;
图 1. 3是混合流体到达排放井示意图;
图 2是本发明的水平面示意图;
图 3是排放井中 C02和 N2浓度随时间变化关系图;
图 4是多封存地层情况下的封存剖面示意图 (多层水平井);
图 5是水平地层情况下的封存剖面示意图。
其巾:
10—注入井;
11一注入井水平部分; 12—注入井垂直部分。
20—排放井;
21 排放井水平部分;
22—排放井垂直部分。
(地层流体区域划分情况)
31 混合流体区域;
32 盐水区域;
33—混合流体与盐水分界带 (混合带)。
(地层岩性划分情况)
41 帽岩;
42 底板 (或中间夹层);
43—封存地层;
44 穹窿。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明:
本方法是对 C02地质封存方法的创新, 传统方法中的部分技术仍然适用于本 发明。
1、 关于场地选择和预备工作
本发明适用于一般深部卤水地层的 co2地质封存, 特别适用于有较好的圈闭 地质构造、褶皱构造或者倾斜地层条件的地质封存,封存的深部卤水地层具有良 好的帽岩 (41 )或顶板, 一般为页岩、 泥岩、 板岩等致密、 完整连续、 低渗透的 岩层, 要求帽岩 (41 )渗透性远远低于含水层的渗透系数, 帽岩 (41 )具有较高 的进气值 (毛细张力极限封存能力) [进气值大于通过注入井 (10) 注入的混合 流体压力, 至少 lOMPa以上], 帽岩 (41 ) 必须连续, 在封存工程范围内不允许 出现穿过帽岩的强渗透性断层或破碎带。对于多层含水层的地质情况, 严格要求 最上层帽岩 (41 ) 具有同上的性质, 但对中间夹层 [图 4中为底板 (42) ] 不需 要如此严格的标准, 中间夹层泄漏气体,会在上一层夹层或帽岩(41 )底部汇集, 对整个自分离 C02封存影响不大, 如图 4所示。 深部含水层中帽岩(41 )最好有穹窿(44) (背斜构造或其它穹窿形状构造), 在穹窿内形成汇集区域, 便于汇集的流体通过排放井 (20 )集中排出, 如图 1. 3 所示, 对于多层含水层, 有同样的要求。 若无穹窿构造, 排放井 (20 )位置可以 采用图 5中的形式, 不过排放操作难度相对穹窿构造的排放井 (20) 要大一些。
2、 关于步骤①
如图 1. 1〜1. 3所示, 本发明所述的地质封存层为深部卤水地层, 至少包含 一个注入井 (10) 和一个排放井 (20)。 注入井 (10) 和排放井 (20) 的形式各 种各样, 可采用水平井、 垂直井等各种形式的钻井。
在选定的地质封存场地形成注入井( 10)和排放井( 20),一直贯穿帽岩( 41) 进入地质封存层 (43) ;
注入井 (10) 和排放井 (20) —般采用水平井技术成井, 水平井技术包含: 超长水平井、 小曲率水平井、 垂直水平井、 多分支水平井、 羽状水平井等水平井 技术。 水平井的技术已经非常成熟了, 可以直接采用。 注入井 (10 ) 和排放井 ( 20) 的垂直部分穿过帽岩(41 )进入圈闭构造内部。 钻井的垂直穿过帽岩的钻 井套管和帽岩(41 )之间需要充分密封, 防止混合流体通过密封薄弱环节逃逸出 地质封存层 (43)。 钻井的水平部分尽量平行于地层走向, 实现更大面积上封存 二氧化碳。
施工过程中, 注入井的水平部分(11 )尽量位于地质封存层 (43 )底部; 而 排放井的水平部分(21 )尽量位于地质封存层(43 ) 的上部, 便于汇集在穹窿的 流体的排放。
注入井 (10)和排放井 (20 ) 的位置主要取决于地层构造, 排放井 (20 ) — 般位于穹窿(44)顶部位置, 主要便于注入混合流体的迁移和汇集, 注入井(10) 和排放井 (20) 的 (水平井为水平段的间距) 间距一般为 50m〜100km, 从经济 上考虑时, 在相同地质条件下, 注入井和排放井之间的最佳间距为 250m〜10km, 这样可以优化整个注入过程的成本。
在注入混合流体前期 (或初期), 可以通过注入井 (10) 和排放井 (20) 抽 排或释放压力等方式适当降低整个封存地层的流体压力,然后可以降低混合流体 的注入压力,提高注入性。成井过程中需要特别注意套管耐压和钻井与岩层之间 密封问题。 3、 关于步骤②:
通过高压注入设备将混合流体 (主要成分为 C02、 N2, 其余成分不限) 通过 注入井 (10) 连续注入地质封存层 (43 ); 注入井中的压力需要大于地层流体的 压力。
注入混合流体中 C02浓度越高, 场地封存的 C02也越多, 排气量也越少, 注 入量相应减少; 但 C02捕获成本会越高, 因此在两者之间必须平衡和妥协, C02 的体积浓度最好能够达到 50%〜85%之间 (现有的低成本气体分离技术很容易达 到该浓度要求, 或者一些气体排放源中本身满足这些要求), 从而实现整个含水 层封存的总成本最低。对于工业废气都可以直接应用到本发明所述方法中; 对于 低浓度 C02排放源排放的废气, 从经济上考虑, 可以先将其进行分离, 使 C02浓 度达到 50%〜85%再进行注入。
4、 关于步骤③
注入一定时间后, 通过排放井(20)排放释放迁移到排放井(20) 附近的流 体, 排放过程中需要控制排放井(20)井口的压力在一定的范围, 实时监测排出 气体中的 C02浓度, 不允许 (即控制排放井井口压力) C02的分压过低, 导致排 放井周围溶解于盐水中 C02气体析出进入排放井 (20)。
时间的控制需根据对排放井附近气体的浓度、压力、范围变化的监测进行确 定, 主要取决于混合流体迁移到排放井 (20) 并在穹窿 (44 )或者帽岩 (41 )底 部汇集的程度。 时间的范围为流体刚到达排放井的时间(下限)至流体在排放井 附近汇集并置换排放井 (20 ) 附近地质封存层的水分达到地质封存层的体积的 20%左右 (上限)。
5、 关于步骤④
持续进行步骤②③, 实现以下目的。
随着注入过程和排气过程的进行, 排放井(20 )排出混合流体中的成分变化 如图 2所示;一旦监测到二氧化碳浓度超过经济浓度值,马上停止混合流体注入, 进行封井, 整个封存工作完成。
本发明中的地质封存场地:为地质封存层及以上所有空间(包含地质封存层、 帽岩层、 夹层等地质构造和地表)。
本发明中的地质封存层: 主要为深部卤水地层 (或深部盐水含水层), 同样 适用于水力侵入的含油层、 含气层。
本发明中的帽岩:为地层中渗透性较低的岩层 (渗透系数相对地质封存层低 1 个数量级以上)。
本文中的浓度均为体积浓度。

Claims

1、 一种基于混合流体自分离的二氧化碳地质封存方法, 其特征在于包括下 列步骤:
①在选定的地质封存场地形成注入井 (10) 和排放井 (20), 一直贯穿帽岩 (41 ) 进入地质封存层 (43);
②通过高压注入设备将含有 C02的混合流体连续不断地通过注入井 (10)注 入地质封存层 (43) ;
③混合流体注入一定时间后, 通过排放井 (20)释放迁移到排放井(20) 的 混合流体;
④持续进行混合流体的注入和排放井(20) 的释放, 直到排放井(20)排出 的流体中 C02浓度大于经济浓度值为止, 停止整个封存过程。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于混合流体自分离的二氧化碳地质封存方法, 其特征在于:
所述的地质封存层(43 )为深部卤水地层, 地质封存场地至少包含一个注入 井 ( 10) 和一个排放井 (20)。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于混合流体自分离的二氧化碳地质封存方法, 其特征在于: 控制排放井 (20)井口的压力, 以溶解于排放井周围盐水中 C02气 体不大量析出为准。
PCT/CN2008/072608 2007-11-30 2008-10-07 Procédé de stockage souterrain de dioxyde de carbone basé sur l'auto-séparation d'un mélange de fluide WO2009071001A1 (fr)

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