WO2009066058A1 - Metallurgical treatment vessel etc - Google Patents
Metallurgical treatment vessel etc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009066058A1 WO2009066058A1 PCT/GB2008/003865 GB2008003865W WO2009066058A1 WO 2009066058 A1 WO2009066058 A1 WO 2009066058A1 GB 2008003865 W GB2008003865 W GB 2008003865W WO 2009066058 A1 WO2009066058 A1 WO 2009066058A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base
- vessel
- gas
- refractory
- metallurgical treatment
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
- B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
Definitions
- This invention relates to a metallurgical treatment vessel.
- a gas diffuser plug into the base of a metallurgical vessel such as a ladle or furnace, to provide for the introduction into a melt of a gas such as argon for advantageous effects such as melt homogenisation, degassing and removal of non-metallic inclusions.
- a gas diffuser plug results in a weakening of the floor of the vessel from the introduction of joints vulnerable to metal penetration, the integrity of the floor of the vessel being thus disrupted and the possibility of resultant melt leakage.
- a basic object of the invention is the provision of an improved metallurgical treatment vessel.
- a metallurgical treatment vessel comprising a multi-use, isostatically pressed, one-piece refractory vessel, comprising refractory sidewalls and an integral refractory base, the vessel being adapted, in use, to contain an induction heated melt, with a gas introduction device connected to an external surface of the refractory base, and with the granulometry of the refractory material of both the base and sidewalls being such that both are gas permeable whereby gas introduced into the base by the introduction device percolates via interstitial routes into the base and also from the base into the sidewalls, whereby a gas emitting area is provided not only over the melt contacting surface of the base, but over the melt contacting inside surface of the sidewalls of the vessel.
- the location of the gas introduction device and at an external surface and distal from the upper, melt-contacting surface of the refractory base advantageously maintains the integrity of the refractory base, and because of the gas permeability characteristics of the base and sidewalls there is no longer localised gas introduction over a relatively small zone of the refractory base, but on the contrary it has been found that gas is introduced into the melt not only from substantially the entire base area of the vessel, but also from the sidewalls, thereby providing a gas introduction area, and hence a melt processing area, many times exceeding that resulting from the use of a diffuser plug and consequently there can be expected a reduction in melt treatment times compared with prior art techniques.
- gas is simultaneously emitted from the outside of the side walls but such gas loss is immaterial compared with processing and production improvements.
- the granulometry and pressing need to ensure that gas flow paths exist around particles of refractory material.
- the metallurgical treatment vessel is a melting crucible, a holding or transporting crucible, or a ladle.
- the gas introduction device is a manifold in contact with the outer surface of the refractory base of the vessel distal from the melt contacting surface of the base.
- the manifold is of metal.
- the metal is steel.
- the steel is stainless steel of grade selected to present economic optimum resistance to the external inductive heating field being applied to the working volume of the vessel.
- a gas emitting surface or outlet of the manifold abuts against a lower surface of the gas permeable refractory base.
- the external surface of the refractory base is recessed or grooved, for at least partial engagement of the manifold within the base, and thus a mechanical connection.
- a gas sealant is introduced between the manifold and the contact area of the refractory base.
- An inorganic coating such as sodium silicate (water glass) is applied to all external surfaces of the vessel, with the exception of the area presented to the manifold, to limit losses of purging gases through the outsides of the side walls and the base.
- the metallurgical vessel is of alumina, magnesia, alumino chrome, or zirconia.
- a gas supply tube is attached to a base of the manifold.
- the gas supply tube is of stainless steel.
- the gas supply tube is externally threaded at its end remote from the manifold.
- the vessel has a granulometry that results in optimal particle distribution which maintains a sufficiently high porosity with narrow interconnecting channels that resist metal ingress yet permit gas flow through the refractory and into the melt. Said granulometry gives rise to a large swarm of finely dispersed bubbles into the melt for maximum effectiveness rather than a smaller number of large bubbles.
- the invention also includes a method of operating the aforesaid metallurgical treatment vessel in which the pressure of the purging gas introduced into the refractory vessel via the gas introduction device is within 50-125 p.s.i. A certain minimum pressure is necessary to achieve a suitable flow rate. The minimum pressure is to overcome back pressure resistance from ferro-static head of metal in the vessel, the refractory material of the vessel and the associated gas feed pipe system. The minimum pressure required will vary from vessel to vessel.
- the purging gas is introduced into the e.g. crucible from the time that the charge has become fully molten to the time when discharge is to commence.
- the drawing shows a metallurgical vessel in the form of a crucible, provided with a gas introduction device in the form of a manifold.
- a multi-use typically 30-100 melts
- one-piece metallurgical vessel 1 e.g. in the form of a crucible, is isostatically pressed and has a granulometry so as to be gas permeable, having sidewalls 2 and an integral base 3, with a gas introduction device in the form of a manifold 4 in gas-tight engagement with external surface 5 of the base 3 distal from the metal contacting surface 6 of the base 3 and 6A of the sidewalls 2.
- the device 4 is sealed in position with a gas sealant, and comprises a spigot 7 to enter a circular recess 8 in the base 3, for mechanical engagement of the manifold 4 with the vessel 1 , a collar 9 and an externally threaded tube 10 to receive an internally threaded gas supply pipe (not shown) connected to a gas supply source, e.g. a bottle of argon (not shown), with suitably interposed adjustable valving (not shown) to control the flow rate and/or pressure.
- a gas supply source e.g. a bottle of argon (not shown)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
A metallurgical treatment vessel comprises a multi-use, isostatically pressed, or vibrocast one-piece refractory vessel (1), comprising refractory sidewalls (2) and an integral refractory base (3), the vessel (1) being adapted, in use, to contain an induction heated melt, with a gas introduction device (4) connected to an external surface (5) of the refractory base (3), and with the granulometry of the refractory material of both the base (3) and sidewalls (2) being such that both are gas permeable, whereby gas introduced into the base (3) by the introduction device (4) percolates via interstitial routes into the base (3) and also from the base (3) into the sidewalls (4), whereby a gas emitting area is provided not only over the melt contacting surface (6) of the base (3), but also over the melt contacting inside surface (6A) of the sidewalls (2) of the vessel (1 ).
Description
Title of the Invention
Metallurgical treatment vessel etc Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a metallurgical treatment vessel. Background of the Invention
It is known to install a gas diffuser plug into the base of a metallurgical vessel such as a ladle or furnace, to provide for the introduction into a melt of a gas such as argon for advantageous effects such as melt homogenisation, degassing and removal of non-metallic inclusions. Such location of a diffuser plug results in a weakening of the floor of the vessel from the introduction of joints vulnerable to metal penetration, the integrity of the floor of the vessel being thus disrupted and the possibility of resultant melt leakage.
Furthermore, such plugs have resulted in the localised introduction of purging etc gas with a melt treatment time penalty for the introduction of the volumes of gas required.
Object of the Invention
A basic object of the invention is the provision of an improved metallurgical treatment vessel. Summary of the Invention According to the invention, there is provided a metallurgical treatment vessel comprising a multi-use, isostatically pressed, one-piece refractory vessel, comprising refractory sidewalls and an integral refractory base, the vessel being adapted, in use, to contain an induction heated melt, with a gas introduction device connected to an external surface of the refractory base, and with the granulometry of the refractory
material of both the base and sidewalls being such that both are gas permeable whereby gas introduced into the base by the introduction device percolates via interstitial routes into the base and also from the base into the sidewalls, whereby a gas emitting area is provided not only over the melt contacting surface of the base, but over the melt contacting inside surface of the sidewalls of the vessel. Advantages of the Invention
The location of the gas introduction device and at an external surface and distal from the upper, melt-contacting surface of the refractory base advantageously maintains the integrity of the refractory base, and because of the gas permeability characteristics of the base and sidewalls there is no longer localised gas introduction over a relatively small zone of the refractory base, but on the contrary it has been found that gas is introduced into the melt not only from substantially the entire base area of the vessel, but also from the sidewalls, thereby providing a gas introduction area, and hence a melt processing area, many times exceeding that resulting from the use of a diffuser plug and consequently there can be expected a reduction in melt treatment times compared with prior art techniques. Of course, unless further steps are taken, gas is simultaneously emitted from the outside of the side walls but such gas loss is immaterial compared with processing and production improvements. Of course, the granulometry and pressing need to ensure that gas flow paths exist around particles of refractory material.
Preferred or Optional Features of the Invention
The metallurgical treatment vessel is a melting crucible, a holding or transporting crucible, or a ladle.
The gas introduction device is a manifold in contact with the outer surface of the refractory base of the vessel distal from the melt contacting surface of the base.
The manifold is of metal.
The metal is steel. The steel is stainless steel of grade selected to present economic optimum resistance to the external inductive heating field being applied to the working volume of the vessel.
A gas emitting surface or outlet of the manifold abuts against a lower surface of the gas permeable refractory base. The external surface of the refractory base is recessed or grooved, for at least partial engagement of the manifold within the base, and thus a mechanical connection.
A gas sealant is introduced between the manifold and the contact area of the refractory base. An inorganic coating such as sodium silicate (water glass) is applied to all external surfaces of the vessel, with the exception of the area presented to the manifold, to limit losses of purging gases through the outsides of the side walls and the base.
The metallurgical vessel is of alumina, magnesia, alumino chrome, or zirconia. A gas supply tube is attached to a base of the manifold.
The gas supply tube is of stainless steel.
The gas supply tube is externally threaded at its end remote from the manifold.
The vessel has a granulometry that results in optimal particle distribution which maintains a sufficiently high porosity with narrow interconnecting channels that resist
metal ingress yet permit gas flow through the refractory and into the melt. Said granulometry gives rise to a large swarm of finely dispersed bubbles into the melt for maximum effectiveness rather than a smaller number of large bubbles.
One example of suitable granulometry as applied to the vibrocast product is as follows:-
3 - 1mm 17%
1.5 - 0.5mm 33%
0.5 - 0.2mm 17%
-0.08mm 33% The invention also includes a method of operating the aforesaid metallurgical treatment vessel in which the pressure of the purging gas introduced into the refractory vessel via the gas introduction device is within 50-125 p.s.i. A certain minimum pressure is necessary to achieve a suitable flow rate. The minimum pressure is to overcome back pressure resistance from ferro-static head of metal in the vessel, the refractory material of the vessel and the associated gas feed pipe system. The minimum pressure required will vary from vessel to vessel.
The purging gas is introduced into the e.g. crucible from the time that the charge has become fully molten to the time when discharge is to commence.
Flow commencement, duration, and cessation of purging gas is controlled manually.
Flow commencement, duration, and cessation of purging gas is controlled automatically.
Brief Description of the Drawing
The drawing shows a metallurgical vessel in the form of a crucible, provided with a gas introduction device in the form of a manifold. Detailed Description of the Drawing In the drawing is shown a multi-use (typically 30-100 melts), one-piece metallurgical vessel 1 e.g. in the form of a crucible, is isostatically pressed and has a granulometry so as to be gas permeable, having sidewalls 2 and an integral base 3, with a gas introduction device in the form of a manifold 4 in gas-tight engagement with external surface 5 of the base 3 distal from the metal contacting surface 6 of the base 3 and 6A of the sidewalls 2. The device 4 is sealed in position with a gas sealant, and comprises a spigot 7 to enter a circular recess 8 in the base 3, for mechanical engagement of the manifold 4 with the vessel 1 , a collar 9 and an externally threaded tube 10 to receive an internally threaded gas supply pipe (not shown) connected to a gas supply source, e.g. a bottle of argon (not shown), with suitably interposed adjustable valving (not shown) to control the flow rate and/or pressure. With such an arrangement it has been established that a proportion of the gas introduced by the manifold 4 travels from the base 3 into the sidewalls 2, thereby providing a substantially increased surface area for emission of purging etc gas from the area of the metal contacting surfaces 6, 6A of the base 3 and sidewalls 2. To inhibit losses of purging gas through the external surfaces 5 of the base 3 or 5A of the sidewalls 2, these surfaces are coated with an inorganic wash e.g. of sodium silicate (water glass) which when heated by thermal transfer from the inner surfaces has been found to seal those pores in the external surfaces 5, 5A of the vessel 1.
Claims
1. A metallurgical treatment vessel comprising a multi-use, isostatically pressed, one-piece refractory vessel, comprising refractory sidewalls and an integral refractory base, the vessel being adapted, in use, to contain an induction heated melt, with a gas introduction device connected to an external surface of the refractory base, and with the granulometry of the refractory material of both the base and sidewalls being such that both are gas permeable whereby gas introduced into the base by the introduction device percolates via interstitial routes into the base and also from the base into the sidewalls, whereby a gas emitting area is provided not only over the melt contacting surface of the base, but over the melt contacting inside surface of the sidewalls of the vessel.
2. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the vessel is a melting crucible, a holding or transporting crucible, or a ladle.
3. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the gas introduction device is a manifold in contact with the outer surface of the refractory base of the vessel distal from the melt contacting surface of the base.
4. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the manifold is of metal.
5. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the metal is steel.
6. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the steel is stainless steel of grade selected to present economic optimum resistance to the external inductive heating field being applied to the working volume of the vessel.
7. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 3, and any claim appended thereto, wherein a gas emitting surface or outlet of the manifold abuts against a lower surface of the gas permeable refractory base.
8. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the external surface of the refractory base is recessed or grooved, for at least partial engagement of the manifold within the base, and thus a mechanical connection.
9. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 3, and any claim appended thereto, wherein a gas sealant is introduced between the manifold and the contact area of the refractory base.
10. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein an inorganic coating such as sodium silicate (water glass) is applied to all external surfaces of the vessel, with the exception of the area presented to the manifold, to limit losses of purging gases through the outsides of the side walls and the base.
11. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the vessel is of alumina, magnesia, alumina chrome, or zirconia.
12. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 3, and any claim appended thereto, wherein a gas supply tube is attached to a base of the manifold.
13. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the gas supply tube is of stainless steel.
14. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 12 or Claim 13, wherein the gas supply tube is externally threaded at its end remote from the manifold.
15. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the refractory
16. A metallurgical treatment vessel as claimed in Claim 15, wherein the granulometry as applied to the vibrocast product is as follows:-
3 - 1mm 17%
1.5 - 0.5mm 33%
0.5 - 0.2mm 17%
-0.08mm 33%
17. A method of operating the vessel as defined in any proceeding claim, wherein the pressure of the purging gas introduced into the refractory vessel via the gas introduction device is within 50-125 p.s.i.
18. A method as claimed in Claim 17, wherein the purging gas is introduced into the e.g. crucible from the time that the charge has become fully molten to the time when discharge is to commence.
19. A method as claimed in Claim 17 or Claim 18, wherein flow commencement, duration, and cessation of purging gas is controlled manually.
20. A method as claimed in Claim 17 or Claim 18, wherein flow commencement, duration, and cessation of purging gas is controlled automatically.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0723040.2 | 2007-11-24 | ||
| GB0723040A GB0723040D0 (en) | 2007-11-24 | 2007-11-24 | Metallurgical treatment vessel ect |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009066058A1 true WO2009066058A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
Family
ID=38925977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2008/003865 WO2009066058A1 (en) | 2007-11-24 | 2008-11-19 | Metallurgical treatment vessel etc |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB0723040D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009066058A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB829777A (en) * | 1955-08-09 | 1960-03-09 | Fischer Ag Georg | Improvements in or relating to processes for refining liquid melts by degasification, and to apparatus for carrying such processes into effect |
| DE2205656A1 (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-08-30 | Ural Nii Tschernych Metallow | Refining casting ladle - with double bottom for gas injection |
| DE3247457C1 (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1983-08-25 | Honsel-Werke Ag, 5778 Meschede | Process and container for degassing metal melts, in particular an aluminum melt |
| DE3508845C1 (en) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-04-30 | Honsel-Werke Ag, 5778 Meschede | Device for vacuum degassing of molten metals, in particular molten aluminium |
| WO1992010593A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Veitsch-Radex Aktiengesellschaft Für Feuerfeste | Bottom or wall structure for a metallurgical vessel |
| UA74756C2 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2006-01-16 | Anatolii Mykytovych Zhylin | Method and device of working the melt of metal by gas |
-
2007
- 2007-11-24 GB GB0723040A patent/GB0723040D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-11-19 WO PCT/GB2008/003865 patent/WO2009066058A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB829777A (en) * | 1955-08-09 | 1960-03-09 | Fischer Ag Georg | Improvements in or relating to processes for refining liquid melts by degasification, and to apparatus for carrying such processes into effect |
| DE2205656A1 (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-08-30 | Ural Nii Tschernych Metallow | Refining casting ladle - with double bottom for gas injection |
| DE3247457C1 (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1983-08-25 | Honsel-Werke Ag, 5778 Meschede | Process and container for degassing metal melts, in particular an aluminum melt |
| DE3508845C1 (en) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-04-30 | Honsel-Werke Ag, 5778 Meschede | Device for vacuum degassing of molten metals, in particular molten aluminium |
| WO1992010593A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Veitsch-Radex Aktiengesellschaft Für Feuerfeste | Bottom or wall structure for a metallurgical vessel |
| UA74756C2 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2006-01-16 | Anatolii Mykytovych Zhylin | Method and device of working the melt of metal by gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0723040D0 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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