WO2009060447A2 - A multilayer impact barrier - Google Patents

A multilayer impact barrier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009060447A2
WO2009060447A2 PCT/IL2008/001461 IL2008001461W WO2009060447A2 WO 2009060447 A2 WO2009060447 A2 WO 2009060447A2 IL 2008001461 W IL2008001461 W IL 2008001461W WO 2009060447 A2 WO2009060447 A2 WO 2009060447A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
ballistic protective
protective barrier
abrasive particles
barrier according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/001461
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009060447A3 (en
Inventor
Nahum Rosenzweig
Ran Gur
Michael Liss
Original Assignee
Nahum Rosenzweig
Ran Gur
Michael Liss
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nahum Rosenzweig, Ran Gur, Michael Liss filed Critical Nahum Rosenzweig
Publication of WO2009060447A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009060447A2/en
Publication of WO2009060447A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009060447A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ballistic protection and more particularly to multi-layer ballistic protective barriers.
  • the present invention seeks to provide improved multi-layer ballistic protective barriers.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles having an at least tri-modal size distribution embedded in a binder and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the abrasive particles having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • the abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the abrasive particles having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
  • the binder is a resin.
  • the resin is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.
  • the thermosetting and thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone, alloys thereof and combinations thereof.
  • the binder is a metallic matrix.
  • the metallic matrix includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium. More preferably, the metallic matrix contains magnesium.
  • the fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene).
  • the at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers has a thickness of between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
  • the abrasive particles include at least one of first particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. Additionally, the first particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles.
  • the abrasive particles include at least one of second particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. Additionally, the second particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles.
  • the abrasive particles include at least one of third particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. Additionally, the third particles constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier also includes a decorative layer.
  • the decorative layer includes a resin cemented aggregates layer.
  • the aggregates layer includes at least one of stone, marble and quartz.
  • the decorative layer is bonded to at least one outer surface of the protective barrier.
  • the thickness of the decorative layer is between 0.5-50 mm. More preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer is between 2-20 mm. Most preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer is between 4-15 mm.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of various layers that can be combined to provide a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of various layers that can be combined to provide a multilayer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 three different types of layers, here designated by respective reference numerals 10, 12 and 14, may be combined in various ways to provide a ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention.
  • Layer 10 may be a conventional woven layer which preferably employs ballistic protective fibers 20, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), preferably embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulf
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 10 is preferably between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
  • Layer 12 preferably includes abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder.
  • abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder.
  • at least three different sizes of abrasive particles here designated by reference numerals 32, 34 and 36, are embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix 38.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulf
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 12 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 10.0 mm.
  • the largest particles 32 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns.
  • the largest particles 32 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 12.
  • the intermediate size particles 34 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns.
  • the intermediate particles 34 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 12.
  • the smallest size particles 36 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns.
  • the smallest particles 36 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 12.
  • the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 12. More preferably, the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 12. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 12. Preferably, the total weight of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 75% of a total weight of layer 12.
  • Layer 14 preferably includes at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 42, 44 and 46, embedded in a binder, such as a resin or a metallic matrix 48.
  • a binder such as a resin or a metallic matrix 48.
  • the relative ratio of particles to resin/matrix 48 generally decreases across the layer.
  • Adjacent surface 50 of layer 14, the ratio of particles/resin is typically 80% by volume and decreases to 0% adjacent surface 52 of layer 14.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulf
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 14 is preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • the largest particles 42 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns.
  • the largest particles 42 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 14.
  • the intermediate size particles 44 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns.
  • the intermediate particles 44 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 14.
  • the smallest size particles 46 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns.
  • the smallest particles 46 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 14.
  • the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 14. More preferably, the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 14. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 14.
  • the total weight of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 75% of the total weight of layer 14.
  • layers 10 and 12 may be combined and joined together as indicated at reference numeral 54 and that layers 10 and 14 may also be combined and joined together, as indicated at reference numeral 56.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. Most preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer.
  • the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
  • the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer.
  • FIG. 2 - 5 illustrate examples of barrier layers constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention. It is appreciated that Figs. 2 - 5 are merely examples and are not meant to be exhaustive of the possibilities of construction of barrier layers in accordance with the present invention.
  • a barrier 60 preferably having an overall thickness of 22.7 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
  • one layer 10 preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 4.2 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.1 mm, six layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.1 mm, and twelve layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm.
  • a barrier 70 preferably having an overall thickness of 15.25 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 14, preferably arranged as follows: Starting from a ballistic element entry surface 72, there is provided one layer 10, preferably of thickness 0.55 mm, followed by an adhesive layer 74, preferably of thickness of 0.5 mm, a layer 14, preferably of thickness 10.4 mm, an adhesive layer 76, preferably of thickness of 0.5 mm, and six layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.55 mm.
  • adhesive layers 74 and 76 are typically epoxy and may be any suitable thickness, typically between 0.2 mm - 0.5 mm.
  • a barrier 80 preferably having an overall thickness of 7.95 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
  • one layer 10 preferably of thickness 0.75 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 1.4 mm, two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.75 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.8 mm, and two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.75 mm.
  • a barrier 90 preferably having an overall thickness of 10.0 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
  • a ballistic element entry surface 92 there is provided two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.5 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.5 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, one layer 94 of resin or metallic matrix, preferably of thickness 2.0 mm, and four layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm.
  • Fig. 6 is simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • three different types of layers here designated by respective reference numerals 110, 112 and 114, may be combined in various ways to provide a ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention.
  • the ballistic protective barrier also includes a decorative layer 116.
  • Decorative layer 116 preferably comprises a resin cemented stone, marble, quartz or other decoratively applicable aggregates layer and is preferably bonded to an outer surface of the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier.
  • decorative layer 116 may comprise any suitable decorative material and may be attached to the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier using any suitable attachment method.
  • decorative layer 116 is bonded to the outer surface of layer 110. Additionally or alternatively, decorative layers 116 may be bonded to outer surfaces of layers 112 and 114.
  • Decorative layer 116 is preferably 0.5-50 mm thick. More preferably the thickness of decorative layer 116 is between 2-20 mm and most preferably the thickness of decorative layer 116 is between 4-15 mm.
  • Layer 110 may be a conventional woven layer which preferably employs ballistic protective fibers 120, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), preferably embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability; which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulf
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 110 is preferably between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
  • Layer 112 preferably includes abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder.
  • abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder.
  • at least three different sizes of abrasive particles here designated by reference numerals 132, 134 and 136, are embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix 138.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 112 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 10.0 mm.
  • the largest particles 132 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns.
  • the largest particles 132 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 112.
  • the intermediate size particles 134 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns.
  • the intermediate particles 134 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 112.
  • the smallest size particles 136 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns.
  • the smallest particles 136 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 112.
  • the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 112. More preferably, the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 112. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 112.
  • Layer 114 preferably includes at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 142, 144 and 146, embedded in a binder, such as a resin or a metallic matrix 148.
  • a binder such as a resin or a metallic matrix 148.
  • the relative ratio of particles to resin/matrix 148 generally decreases across the layer.
  • Adjacent surface 150 of layer 114, the ratio of particles/resin is typically 80% by volume and decreases to 0% adjacent surface of layer 114.
  • the resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers.
  • the resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
  • suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulf
  • suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
  • the overall thickness of layer 114 is preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • the largest particles 142 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns.
  • the largest particles 142 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 114.
  • the intermediate size particles 144 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns.
  • the intermediate particles 144 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 114.
  • the smallest size particles 146 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns.
  • the smallest particles 146 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 114.
  • the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 114. More preferably, the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 114. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 114.
  • the total weight of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 75% of the total weight of layer 114.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. Most preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer.
  • the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
  • the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer.
  • the multi-layer ballistic protective barriers of the present invention may be configured to be rigid or flexible. Additionally, the protective barriers if the present invention may be molded to the shape of the item being protected and thus may be used to provide ballistic protection in a variety of applications, such as in structures, vehicles, and clothing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles having an at least tri-modal size distribution embedded in a binder and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.

Description

A MULTILAYER IMPACT BARRIER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to ballistic protection and more particularly to multi-layer ballistic protective barriers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The following U.S. Patents are believed to represent the current state of the art:
4,030,427; 4,186,648; 4,292,882; 4,861,679; 4,969,386 and 5,980,602.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to provide improved multi-layer ballistic protective barriers.
There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles having an at least tri-modal size distribution embedded in a binder and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
There is also provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the abrasive particles having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
Preferably, the abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
There is further provided in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the abrasive particles having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
There is even further provided in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
There is yet further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
There is still further provided in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier including at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreasing from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
Preferably, the binder is a resin. Additionally, the resin is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the thermosetting and thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone, alloys thereof and combinations thereof.
Alternatively, the binder is a metallic matrix. Additionally, the metallic matrix includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium. More preferably, the metallic matrix contains magnesium.
Preferably, the fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene).
Preferably, the at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers has a thickness of between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
Preferably, the abrasive particles include at least one of first particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. Additionally, the first particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles. Preferably, the abrasive particles include at least one of second particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. Additionally, the second particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles.
Preferably, the abrasive particles include at least one of third particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. Additionally, the third particles constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of the at least one layer of abrasive particles.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier also includes a decorative layer. Additionally, the decorative layer includes a resin cemented aggregates layer. Preferably, the aggregates layer includes at least one of stone, marble and quartz. Additionally or alternatively, the decorative layer is bonded to at least one outer surface of the protective barrier.
Preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer is between 0.5-50 mm. More preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer is between 2-20 mm. Most preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer is between 4-15 mm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of various layers that can be combined to provide a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 6 is a simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference is now made to Fig. 1, which is simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of various layers that can be combined to provide a multilayer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention. As seen in Fig. 1 , three different types of layers, here designated by respective reference numerals 10, 12 and 14, may be combined in various ways to provide a ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention.
Layer 10 may be a conventional woven layer which preferably employs ballistic protective fibers 20, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), preferably embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix. The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 10 is preferably between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
Layer 12 preferably includes abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder. In the illustrated embodiment, at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 32, 34 and 36, are embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix 38. The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 12 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 10.0 mm.
Preferably, the largest particles 32 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. The largest particles 32 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 12.
Preferably, the intermediate size particles 34 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. The intermediate particles 34 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 12.
Preferably, the smallest size particles 36 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. The smallest particles 36 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 12.
Preferably, the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 12. More preferably, the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 12. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 12. Preferably, the total weight of particles 32, 34 and 36 constitutes more than 75% of a total weight of layer 12.
Layer 14 preferably includes at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 42, 44 and 46, embedded in a binder, such as a resin or a metallic matrix 48. The relative ratio of particles to resin/matrix 48 generally decreases across the layer. Adjacent surface 50 of layer 14, the ratio of particles/resin is typically 80% by volume and decreases to 0% adjacent surface 52 of layer 14.
The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 14 is preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
Preferably, the largest particles 42 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. The largest particles 42 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 14.
Preferably, the intermediate size particles 44 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. The intermediate particles 44 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 14. Preferably the smallest size particles 46 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. The smallest particles 46 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 14.
Preferably, the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 14. More preferably, the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 14. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 14.
Preferably, the total weight of particles 42, 44 and 46 constitutes more than 75% of the total weight of layer 14.
It is seen in Fig. 1 that layers 10 and 12 may be combined and joined together as indicated at reference numeral 54 and that layers 10 and 14 may also be combined and joined together, as indicated at reference numeral 56.
Preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. Most preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer. In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer.
Reference is now made to Figs. 2 - 5, which illustrate examples of barrier layers constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention. It is appreciated that Figs. 2 - 5 are merely examples and are not meant to be exhaustive of the possibilities of construction of barrier layers in accordance with the present invention.
Reference is now made to Fig. 2, which is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in Fig. 2, a barrier 60, preferably having an overall thickness of 22.7 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
Starting from a ballistic element entry surface 62, there is provided one layer 10, preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 4.2 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.1 mm, six layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.1 mm, and twelve layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.65 mm.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in Fig. 3, a barrier 70, preferably having an overall thickness of 15.25 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 14, preferably arranged as follows: Starting from a ballistic element entry surface 72, there is provided one layer 10, preferably of thickness 0.55 mm, followed by an adhesive layer 74, preferably of thickness of 0.5 mm, a layer 14, preferably of thickness 10.4 mm, an adhesive layer 76, preferably of thickness of 0.5 mm, and six layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.55 mm.
It is appreciated that adhesive layers 74 and 76 are typically epoxy and may be any suitable thickness, typically between 0.2 mm - 0.5 mm.
Reference is now made to Fig. 4, which is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in Fig. 4, a barrier 80, preferably having an overall thickness of 7.95 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
Starting from a ballistic element entry surface 82, there is provided one layer 10, preferably of thickness 0.75 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 1.4 mm, two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.75 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.8 mm, and two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.75 mm.
Reference is now made to Fig. 5, which is a simplified, sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier constructed and operative in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in Fig. 5, a barrier 90, preferably having an overall thickness of 10.0 mm, comprises a combination of layers 10 and 12, preferably arranged as follows:
Starting from a ballistic element entry surface 92 there is provided two layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, followed by one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.5 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, one layer 12, preferably of thickness 2.5 mm, three layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm, one layer 94 of resin or metallic matrix, preferably of thickness 2.0 mm, and four layers 10, each preferably of thickness 0.25 mm.
Reference is now made to Fig. 6, which is simplified, partially pictorial, partially sectional illustration of a multi-layer ballistic protective barrier in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention. As seen in Fig. 6, three different types of layers, here designated by respective reference numerals 110, 112 and 114, may be combined in various ways to provide a ballistic protective barrier in accordance with the present invention. In the embodiment of Fig. 6 the ballistic protective barrier also includes a decorative layer 116. Decorative layer 116 preferably comprises a resin cemented stone, marble, quartz or other decoratively applicable aggregates layer and is preferably bonded to an outer surface of the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier.
Alternatively, decorative layer 116 may comprise any suitable decorative material and may be attached to the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier using any suitable attachment method.
In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6 decorative layer 116 is bonded to the outer surface of layer 110. Additionally or alternatively, decorative layers 116 may be bonded to outer surfaces of layers 112 and 114.
Decorative layer 116 is preferably 0.5-50 mm thick. More preferably the thickness of decorative layer 116 is between 2-20 mm and most preferably the thickness of decorative layer 116 is between 4-15 mm.
Layer 110 may be a conventional woven layer which preferably employs ballistic protective fibers 120, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), preferably embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix. The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability; which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 110 is preferably between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm. Layer 112 preferably includes abrasive particles having an at least tri- modal size distribution embedded in a binder. In the illustrated embodiment, at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 132, 134 and 136, are embedded in a resin or a metallic matrix 138. The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 112 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 10.0 mm.
Preferably, the largest particles 132 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. The largest particles 132 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 112.
Preferably, the intermediate size particles 134 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. The intermediate particles 134 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 112.
Preferably, the smallest size particles 136 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. The smallest particles 136 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 112. Preferably, the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 112. More preferably, the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 112. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 112.
Preferably, the total weight of particles 132, 134 and 136 constitutes more than 75% of a total weight of layer 112.
Layer 114 preferably includes at least three different sizes of abrasive particles, here designated by reference numerals 142, 144 and 146, embedded in a binder, such as a resin or a metallic matrix 148. The relative ratio of particles to resin/matrix 148 generally decreases across the layer. Adjacent surface 150 of layer 114, the ratio of particles/resin is typically 80% by volume and decreases to 0% adjacent surface of layer 114.
The resin can be selected from any organic polymeric group having a suitable service temperature and environmental stability, which could effectively wet and bond the fibers. The resin preferably has high strength and toughness.
Examples of suitable resins include thermosetting and thermoplastic resins such as: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone and blends and alloys thereof.
Examples of suitable metallic matrices include matrices formed of: tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium and their alloys. Low density, reasonable strength and toughness are the preferred properties of the metallic matrices.
The overall thickness of layer 114 is preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
Preferably, the largest particles 142 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns. The largest particles 142 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 114. Preferably, the intermediate size particles 144 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns. The intermediate particles 144 typically constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of layer 114.
Preferably the smallest size particles 146 are formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina and have a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns. The smallest particles 146 typically constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of layer 114.
Preferably, the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 30% of a total volume of layer 114. More preferably, the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 50% of the total volume of layer 114. Most preferably, the total volume of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 60% of the total volume of layer 114.
Preferably, the total weight of particles 142, 144 and 146 constitutes more than 75% of the total weight of layer 114.
It is seen in Fig. 6 that layers 110 and 112 may be combined and joined together as indicated at reference numeral 154 and that layers 110 and 114 may also be combined and joined together, as indicated at reference numeral 156.
Preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of the at least one layer. More preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of the at least one layer. Most preferably, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of the at least one layer.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of the at least one layer. In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total weight distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to an opposite surface of the layer.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer ballistic protective barrier of the present invention includes at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, where the total volume distribution of the abrasive particles in the binder decreases from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of the layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of the layer.
It is appreciated that the multi-layer ballistic protective barriers of the present invention may be configured to be rigid or flexible. Additionally, the protective barriers if the present invention may be molded to the shape of the item being protected and thus may be used to provide ballistic protection in a variety of applications, such as in structures, vehicles, and clothing.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the claims which follow. Rather the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and subcombinations of features described hereinabove as well as variations and modifications thereof which would occur to persons reading the foregoing description with reference to the drawings and which are not in the prior art.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles having an at least tri-modal size distribution embedded in a binder; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
2. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, said abrasive particles having a total volume constituting more than 30% of a total volume of said at least one layer; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
3. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 2 and wherein said abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 50% of a total volume of said at least one layer.
4. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 2 and wherein said abrasive particles have a total volume constituting more than 60% of a total volume of said at least one layer.
5. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, said abrasive particles having a total weight constituting more than 75% of a total weight of said at least one layer; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
6. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of said abrasive particles in said binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of said layer to an opposite surface of said layer; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
7. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total weight distribution of said abrasive particles in said binder decreasing from a ballistic element entry surface of said layer to an opposite surface of said layer; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
8. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier comprising: at least one layer of abrasive particles embedded in a binder, the total volume distribution of said abrasive particles in said binder decreasing from a first volume distribution adjacent a ballistic element entry surface of said layer to zero adjacent an opposite surface of said layer; and at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers.
9. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 1 - 8 and wherein said binder is a resin.
10. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 9 and wherein said resin is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.
11. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 10 and wherein said thermosetting and thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polyvinylester, phenolic resins, polyimide, bismaleimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanate-ester, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyamides, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylenesulphide, liquid crystal polymers, polyketone, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone, alloys thereof and combinations thereof.
12. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 1 - 8 and wherein said binder is a metallic matrix.
13. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 12 and wherein said metallic matrix includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium.
14. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 12 and wherein said metallic matrix contains magnesium.
15. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said fibers are selected from the group consisting ofglass fibers, carbon fibers, KEVLAR® and UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene).
16. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said at least one layer of ballistic protective fibers has a thickness of between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm.
17. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said abrasive particles include at least one of: first particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 500 - 2000 microns.
18. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 17 and wherein said first particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of said at least one layer of abrasive particles.
19. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said abrasive particles include at least one of: second particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 50 - 200 microns.
20. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 19 and wherein said second particles constitute 5 - 30% of the total volume of said at least one layer of abrasive particles.
21. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of the preceding claims and wherein said abrasive particles include at least one of: third particles formed of silicon carbide, boron carbide or alumina having a maximum dimension which lies within the range of 5 - 20 microns.
22. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 21 and wherein said third particles constitute 5 - 50% of the total volume of said at least one layer of abrasive particles.
23. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 1-22 and also comprising a decorative layer.
24. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 23 and wherein said decorative layer comprises a resin cemented aggregates layer.
25. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to claim 24 and wherein said aggregates layer comprises at least one of stone, marble and quartz.
26. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 23-25 and wherein said decorative layer is bonded to at least one outer surface of said protective barrier.
27. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 23-26 wherein the thickness of said decorative layer is between 0.5-50 mm.
28. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 23-26 wherein the thickness of said decorative layer is between 2-20 mm.
29. A multi-layer ballistic protective barrier according to any of claims 23-26 wherein the thickness of said decorative layer is between 4-15 mm.
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WO2017081209A1 (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-18 Metrica Interior Objekteinrichtungen GmbH & Co. KG Protection plate against ballistic impacts, partition wall system for protection against ballistic impacts, handling device for a protection plate and method
US20210404771A1 (en) * 2020-02-10 2021-12-30 Advanced Blast Protection Systems, LLC, dba SALERIA Ballistic resistant material
WO2023141453A1 (en) * 2022-01-19 2023-07-27 Gentex Corporation Coating and composite materials for enhancing ballistic protection

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