WO2009059930A1 - Fuel system for controlling an internal combustion engine and method for controlling a fuel system of this type - Google Patents

Fuel system for controlling an internal combustion engine and method for controlling a fuel system of this type Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009059930A1
WO2009059930A1 PCT/EP2008/064766 EP2008064766W WO2009059930A1 WO 2009059930 A1 WO2009059930 A1 WO 2009059930A1 EP 2008064766 W EP2008064766 W EP 2008064766W WO 2009059930 A1 WO2009059930 A1 WO 2009059930A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel system
pressure
determined
engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/064766
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fredrik Borchsenius
Hong Zhang
Lorand De Ouvenou
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Continental Automotive Gmbh
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Publication of WO2009059930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009059930A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0684—High pressure fuel injection systems; Details on pumps, rails or the arrangement of valves in the fuel supply and return systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F02D19/085—Control based on the fuel type or composition
    • F02D19/087—Control based on the fuel type or composition with determination of densities, viscosities, composition, concentration or mixture ratios of fuels
    • F02D19/088—Control based on the fuel type or composition with determination of densities, viscosities, composition, concentration or mixture ratios of fuels by estimation, i.e. without using direct measurements of a corresponding sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
    • G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G01K13/026—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0623—Failure diagnosis or prevention; Safety measures; Testing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
    • F02D2041/1432—Controller structures or design the system including a filter, e.g. a low pass or high pass filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/28—Interface circuits
    • F02D2041/286—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing
    • F02D2041/288—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing for performing a transformation into the frequency domain, e.g. Fourier transformation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/04—Fuel pressure pulsation in common rails
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • the fuel system is used to control an internal combustion engine, in particular an automotive engine, in which the fuel from a fuel tank via at least one fuel pump in a fuel Manifold and from there via fuel injectors is injected into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine and in which the pressure in the fuel rail is detected by a pressure sensor.
  • the internal combustion engine should be able to start as quickly as possible even in a hot state (DE 101 25 982 Al).
  • Such fuel systems are operated with fuels of different properties, in particular different fuel temperatures and different types of fuel - such as winter and summer diesel, as well
  • Biodiesel or RME (rapeseed methyl ester) - are of importance. Since, depending on the temperature and the type of fuel, material parameters that have a significant influence on the accuracy of the injection quantity change, the parameter of the injected fuel quantity is not significant in the case of unknown parameters.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a fuel system, in which the properties of the fuel can be determined.
  • the type of fuel is identified on the one hand at a known temperature and, on the other hand detected at a known fuel, the temperature in the high pressure part of the plastic.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a fuel system according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 9.
  • the speed of sound in the fuel is measured, and based on the measured sound velocity, the fuel properties are determined.
  • pressure oscillations with characteristic natural frequencies, which are excited by the injection in the hydraulic fuel system are detected and analyzed by the pressure sensor.
  • the advantages of the invention are, in particular, that the fuel type and the fuel temperature are determined with little effort. No special temperature sensors are needed in the high pressure part of the fuel system. Likewise, a physical model is not needed with which the temperature in the high pressure part could be estimated from the temperature measured by temperature sensors in the low pressure system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a first program executed in the fuel system according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a second program executed in the fuel system according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 shows frequency spectra of the pressure signal in the fuel system obtained by a fast Fourier transformation. Manifold at two different fuel temperatures.
  • a fuel system 1 (FIG. 1), which is intended in particular for supplying a motor vehicle engine with diesel fuel, has a high-pressure pump 2, which also supplies fuel from a container 3 to a fuel manifold or distributor rail 4 "Common rail" referred to, promoted and there for pressure required to build up p. From the fuel manifold 4, the fuel is passed through injector 5 to injectors 6 and injected from these into the combustion chambers or cylinders of the engine are not shown here because they are well known.
  • the pressure p in the fuel rail 4 or elsewhere in the high pressure part is measured by a pressure sensor 7 and transmitted to an engine control unit (ECU) 8 and to an evaluation circuit 9 cooperating therewith.
  • the evaluation circuit 9 contains a first-order delay element 10, which filters out the low-frequency dynamics from the pressure signal p.
  • the fuel temperature and the fuel type have a direct influence on the speed of sound of the fluid, that is the liquid fuel.
  • By injecting the hydraulic system is excited to pressure oscillations with characteristic natural frequencies. These are detected with the already existing pressure sensor 7 and then analyzed.
  • the filtered pressure signal passes to an FFT circuit 12, which can also be realized as an algorithm, where it is subjected to a fast Fourier transformation; and thus the natural hydraulic frequencies in the liquid fuel are determined.
  • the filter parameters must be adapted to the frequencies to be identified.
  • the fast Fourier transform or FFT (for "fast Fourier transformation") is for example in the article "Fast Fourier transformation” in the free encyclopaedia Wikipedia (http: // de. wikipedia.org/g / Fast Fourier Transformation) described.
  • Accurate detection of the fuel used is achieved by comparing the hydraulic spectra acquired at different pressures and temperatures with the corresponding data of reference fuels deposited in the engine controller 8.
  • high-frequency sampled pressure signals are stored in a data memory, which is included for example in the engine control.
  • the fast Fourier transform can be performed either in the FFT circuit 12, but it can also be implemented by an algorithm as a function in the engine control software. Depending on the application, the evaluation will take place immediately or in operating states with low ECU utilization.
  • a frequency analysis is carried out, which outputs in a correction block 14 a value TI correction for a correction of the control duration TI for the respective injector 6.
  • the injection quantity mF for the individual injector is transmitted by the engine controller 8 as a signal to a block 15, which also receives the pressure signal p and generates a nominal value TI nominal of the injection duration from both signals.
  • the output signals of the blocks 14 and 15 are combined in an adder 16 and give the corrected value of the control duration TI for the respective injector 6, thus determines the amount of fuel to be injected.
  • the applicable speed of sound or modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) is determined.
  • the accuracy of a pressure wave compensation function (IDCL) can be improved.
  • IDCL pressure wave compensation function
  • a temperature sensor may also be omitted.
  • step Sl Reference operating conditions determined.
  • step S2 a query is made as to whether a reference operating state has been found. If the answer is no, the system returns to step S1. If the answer is yes, it will be in one step
  • step S3 the pressure signal in the injector line 5 is measured. Then, in a step S4, a fast Fourier transformation is performed. Then in one
  • Step S5 queried whether an identification of the E-module was successful. If the answer is no, the system returns to step S1. If the answer is yes, it will be in one step
  • step S8 a multiple injection is activated. Then in one step S9: the identified modulus of elasticity stored. Thereafter, in a step S10: the control correction is calculated for all injections.
  • step Sil This is transferred in a step Sil: to an injector control contained in the engine control unit 8. This concludes the program. It is continuously processed cyclically.
  • Another application is an identification of the fuel in combination with a temperature measurement. Special sensors for the fuel identification can be omitted.
  • the identification of the fuel is necessary to adapt the mode of operation to the type of fuel. The identification is expediently carried out after each refueling. For example, another engine calibration for biodiesel can be used.
  • a misfuelling can be diagnosed and consequent engine damage can be avoided. Again, the identification is to be performed after each refueling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel system that controls a motor vehicle engine, in which system the fuel is injected from a container (3) into a fuel collection line (4) via at least one fuel pump (2) and from there into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine via fuel injectors (6), and the pressure (p) in the fuel collection line (4) is measured by a pressure sensor (7). The sound velocity in the fuel is measured and the fuel characteristics determined using the measured sound velocity. The fuel type is determined at a known temperature using the sound velocity in the fuel. The temperature in the high-pressure fuel injection system is determined using the sound velocity for a known fuel type.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
KraftstoffSystem zum Steuern einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Steuern eines solchen KraftstoffSystemsFuel system for controlling an internal combustion engine and method for controlling such a fuel system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein KraftstoffSystem nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 9. Das KraftstoffSystem dient zum Steuern einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeug-Motors, bei der der Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter über mindestens eine Kraftstoffpumpe in eine Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung und von dort über Kraftstoff-Injektoren in Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird und bei dem der Druck in der Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung mit einem Drucksensor erfasst wird.The invention relates to a fuel system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method according to the preamble of claim 9. The fuel system is used to control an internal combustion engine, in particular an automotive engine, in which the fuel from a fuel tank via at least one fuel pump in a fuel Manifold and from there via fuel injectors is injected into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine and in which the pressure in the fuel rail is detected by a pressure sensor.
Durch ein bekanntes derartiges KraftstoffSystem soll die Brennkraftmaschine möglichst schnell auch in heißem Zustand gestartet werden können (DE 101 25 982 Al) .By a known such fuel system, the internal combustion engine should be able to start as quickly as possible even in a hot state (DE 101 25 982 Al).
Solche KraftstoffSysteme (auch als Common-Rail-Systeme bezeichnet) für Dieselmotoren werden mit Kraftstoffen unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften betrieben, wobei insbesondere unterschiedliche Kraftstofftemperaturen und unterschiedliche Kraftstoffarten - wie etwa Winter- und Sommerdiesel, sowieSuch fuel systems (also referred to as common rail systems) for diesel engines are operated with fuels of different properties, in particular different fuel temperatures and different types of fuel - such as winter and summer diesel, as well
Biodiesel oder RME (Raps-Methyl-Ester) - von Bedeutung sind. Da sich in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Kraftstoffart Stoffparameter, die einen signifikanten Einfuß auf die Genauigkeit der Einspritzmenge haben, ändern, ist bei nicht bekannten Parametern der Fehler bei der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge erheblich.Biodiesel or RME (rapeseed methyl ester) - are of importance. Since, depending on the temperature and the type of fuel, material parameters that have a significant influence on the accuracy of the injection quantity change, the parameter of the injected fuel quantity is not significant in the case of unknown parameters.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kraftstoffsys- tem zu schaffen, bei dem die Eigenschaften des Kraftstoffs bestimmt werden können. Dabei wird einerseits bei bekannter Temperatur die Kraftstoffart identifiziert und andererseits bei bekannter Kraftstoffart die Temperatur im Hochdruckteil des Kunststoffs erfasst.The invention has for its object to provide a fuel system, in which the properties of the fuel can be determined. On the one hand, the type of fuel is identified on the one hand at a known temperature and, on the other hand detected at a known fuel, the temperature in the high pressure part of the plastic.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch ein KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 1 und durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 gelöst. Bei dem KraftstoffSystem wird die Schallgeschwindigkeit in dem Kraftstoff gemessen und anhand der gemessenen Schallgeschwindigkeit werden die Kraftstoffeigenschaften ermittelt. Dabei werden insbesondere Druckschwingungen mit charakteris- tischen Eigenfrequenzen, die durch die Einspritzung in dem hydraulischen Kraftstoff-System angeregt werden, mit dem Drucksensor erfasst und analysiert.The object of the invention is achieved by a fuel system according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 9. In the fuel system, the speed of sound in the fuel is measured, and based on the measured sound velocity, the fuel properties are determined. In particular, pressure oscillations with characteristic natural frequencies, which are excited by the injection in the hydraulic fuel system, are detected and analyzed by the pressure sensor.
Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unter- ansprüchen niedergelegt.Advantageous developments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen insbesondere darin, dass die Kraftstoffart und die Kraftstofftemperatur mit geringem Aufwand ermittelt werden. Es werden keine speziellen Tempera- tursensoren in Hochdruckteil des KraftstoffSystems benötigt. Ebenso wenig wird ein physikalisches Modell benötigt, mit dem anhand der durch Temperatursensoren im Niederdrucksystem gemessenen Temperatur die Temperatur im Hochdruckteil abgeschätzt werden könnte.The advantages of the invention are, in particular, that the fuel type and the fuel temperature are determined with little effort. No special temperature sensors are needed in the high pressure part of the fuel system. Likewise, a physical model is not needed with which the temperature in the high pressure part could be estimated from the temperature measured by temperature sensors in the low pressure system.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen KraftstoffSystems;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel system according to the invention;
Figur 2 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines ersten in dem Kraftstoffsys- tem nach Figur 1 abgearbeiteten Programms;FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a first program executed in the fuel system according to FIG. 1;
Figur 3 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines zweiten in dem Kraftstoffsystem nach Figur 1 abgearbeiteten Programms, und Figur 4 durch eine schnelle Fourier-Transformation gewonnene Frequenzspektren des Drucksignals in der Kraftstoff- Sammelleitung bei zwei unterschiedlichen Kraftstofftemperaturen .FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a second program executed in the fuel system according to FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 shows frequency spectra of the pressure signal in the fuel system obtained by a fast Fourier transformation. Manifold at two different fuel temperatures.
Ein KraftstoffSystem 1 (Figur 1), das insbesondere zum Ver- sorgen eines Kraftfahrzeug-Motors mit Diesel-Kraftstoff bestimmt ist, weist eine Hochdruckpumpe 2 auf, die Kraftstoff von einem Behälter 3 in eine Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung oder - Verteilerleiste 4, häufig auch als „Common Rail" bezeichnet, befördert und dort denn zum Einspritzen erforderlich Druck p aufbaut. Von der Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung 4 wird der Kraftstoff über Injektorleitungen 5 zu Injektoren 6 geleitet und von diesen in die Brennräume oder Zylinder des Motors eingespritzt. Der Motor und die Zylinder sind hier nicht weiter dargestellt, da sie allgemein bekannt sind.A fuel system 1 (FIG. 1), which is intended in particular for supplying a motor vehicle engine with diesel fuel, has a high-pressure pump 2, which also supplies fuel from a container 3 to a fuel manifold or distributor rail 4 "Common rail" referred to, promoted and there for pressure required to build up p. From the fuel manifold 4, the fuel is passed through injector 5 to injectors 6 and injected from these into the combustion chambers or cylinders of the engine are not shown here because they are well known.
Der Druck p in der Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung 4 oder einer anderer Stelle im Hochdruckteil wird durch einen Drucksensor 7 gemessen und an eine Motorsteuerung (ECU) 8 sowie an eine mit dieser zusammen wirkenden Auswerteschaltung 9 übermittelt. Die Auswerteschaltung 9 enthält ein Verzögerungsglied erster Ordnung 10, das die niederfrequente Dynamik aus dem Drucksignals p herausfiltert.The pressure p in the fuel rail 4 or elsewhere in the high pressure part is measured by a pressure sensor 7 and transmitted to an engine control unit (ECU) 8 and to an evaluation circuit 9 cooperating therewith. The evaluation circuit 9 contains a first-order delay element 10, which filters out the low-frequency dynamics from the pressure signal p.
Die Kraftstofftemperatur und die Kraftstoffart haben einen direkten Einfluss auf die Schallgeschwindigkeit des Fluids, das heißt des flüssigen Kraftstoffs. Durch die Einspritzung wird das hydraulische System zu Druckschwingungen mit charakteristischen Eigenfrequenzen angeregt. Diese werden mit dem ohnehin vorhandenen Drucksensor 7 erfasst und anschließend analysiert.The fuel temperature and the fuel type have a direct influence on the speed of sound of the fluid, that is the liquid fuel. By injecting the hydraulic system is excited to pressure oscillations with characteristic natural frequencies. These are detected with the already existing pressure sensor 7 and then analyzed.
Das gefilterte Drucksignal gelangt zu einer FFT-Schaltung 12, die auch als Algorithmus realisiert werden kann, und wird dort einer schnellen Fourier-Transformation unterworfen; und damit werden die hydraulischen Eigenfrequenzen in dem flüssigen Kraftstoff ermittelt. Die Filterparameter müssen dabei an die zu identifizierenden Frequenzen angepasst werden. Die schnelle Fourier-Transformation oder FFT (für „fast Fourier- Transformation") ist zum Beispiel in dem Beitrag „Schnelle Fourier-Transformation" in der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia (http : //de .wikipedia . org/wiki/Schnelle Fourier-Transformation) be- schrieben.The filtered pressure signal passes to an FFT circuit 12, which can also be realized as an algorithm, where it is subjected to a fast Fourier transformation; and thus the natural hydraulic frequencies in the liquid fuel are determined. The filter parameters must be adapted to the frequencies to be identified. The fast Fourier transform or FFT (for "fast Fourier transformation") is for example in the article "Fast Fourier transformation" in the free encyclopaedia Wikipedia (http: // de. wikipedia.org/g / Fast Fourier Transformation) described.
Durch das Ausblenden der relativ niederfrequenten quasistationären Systemdynamik (von der Hochdruckpumpe erzeugte Schwingungen, Drucktransienten) wird die Genauigkeit für die Iden- tifikation der höheren Frequenzen verbessert.By hiding the relatively low-frequency quasi-stationary system dynamics (vibrations, pressure transients generated by the high-pressure pump), the accuracy for the identification of the higher frequencies is improved.
Eine genaue Erkennung des verwendeten Kraftstoffes wird erreicht durch einen Vergleich der bei verschiedenen Drücken und Temperaturen erfassten hydraulischen Spektren mit den entsprechenden Daten von Referenzkraftstoffen, die in der Motorsteuerung 8 hinterlegt sind. Zweckmäßigerweise werden hochfrequent abgetastete Drucksignale in einem Datenspeicher abgelegt, der zum Beispiel in der Motorsteuerung enthalten ist. Die schnelle Fourier-Transformation kann entweder in der FFT-Schaltung 12 ausgeführt werden, sie kann aber auch durch einen Algorithmus als Funktion in der Software der Motorsteuerung implementiert werden. Die Auswertung wird je nach Anwendungsfall sofort oder in Betriebszuständen mit geringer ECU-Auslastung erfolgen.Accurate detection of the fuel used is achieved by comparing the hydraulic spectra acquired at different pressures and temperatures with the corresponding data of reference fuels deposited in the engine controller 8. Advantageously, high-frequency sampled pressure signals are stored in a data memory, which is included for example in the engine control. The fast Fourier transform can be performed either in the FFT circuit 12, but it can also be implemented by an algorithm as a function in the engine control software. Depending on the application, the evaluation will take place immediately or in operating states with low ECU utilization.
In einem Block 13, der als Schaltung oder Programmteil ausgeführt ist, wird eine Frequenzanalyse durchgeführt, die in einem Korrekturblock 14 einen Wert TI-Korrektur für eine Korrektur der Steuerdauer TI für den jeweiligen Injektor 6 aus- gibt. Die Einspritzmenge mF für den einzelnen Injektor wird von der Motorsteuerung 8 als Signal an einen Block 15 übertragen, der auch das Drucksignal p empfängt und aus beiden Signalen einen Nominalwert TI-Nominal der Einspritzdauer erzeugt. Die Ausgangssignale der Blöcke 14 und 15 werden in ei- nem Addierglied 16 zusammengeführt und ergeben den korrigierten Wert der Steuerdauer TI für den jeweiligen Injektor 6, der somit die Menge des einzuspritzenden Kraftstoffs bestimmt .In a block 13, which is designed as a circuit or program part, a frequency analysis is carried out, which outputs in a correction block 14 a value TI correction for a correction of the control duration TI for the respective injector 6. The injection quantity mF for the individual injector is transmitted by the engine controller 8 as a signal to a block 15, which also receives the pressure signal p and generates a nominal value TI nominal of the injection duration from both signals. The output signals of the blocks 14 and 15 are combined in an adder 16 and give the corrected value of the control duration TI for the respective injector 6, thus determines the amount of fuel to be injected.
Durch direkte Messung der Eigenfrequenzen wird die zutreffen- de Schallgeschwindigkeit oder der E-Modul (Elastizitätsmodul) ermittelt. Dadurch kann die Genauigkeit einer Druckwellenkompensationsfunktion (IDCL) verbessert werden. Mit einer direkten Bestimmung des E-Moduls kann auf die Ermittlung aus Druck und Kraftstofftemperatur verzichtet werden. Je nach Genauig- keitsanforderung kann auch ein Temperatursensor entfallen.By direct measurement of the natural frequencies, the applicable speed of sound or modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) is determined. Thereby, the accuracy of a pressure wave compensation function (IDCL) can be improved. With a direct determination of the modulus of elasticity can be dispensed with the determination of pressure and fuel temperature. Depending on the accuracy requirement, a temperature sensor may also be omitted.
Anhand des Ablaufdiagramms von Figur 2 wird nun ein Programm zum Identifizieren des E-Moduls erläutert. Nach demA program for identifying the modulus of elasticity will now be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG. After this
Start werden in einem SchrittStart to be in one step
Sl: Referenz-Betriebszustände ermittelt. In einem Schritt S2 : wird abgefragt, ob ein Referenz-Betriebszustand gefunden worden ist. Ist die Antwort nein, so erfolgt ein Rücksprung zu dem Schritt Sl. Ist die Antwort ja, wird in einem SchrittSl: Reference operating conditions determined. In a step S2: a query is made as to whether a reference operating state has been found. If the answer is no, the system returns to step S1. If the answer is yes, it will be in one step
S3 : das Drucksignal in der Injektorleitung 5 gemessen. Dann erfolgt in einem Schritt S4 : eine schnelle Fourier-Transformation . Dann wird in einemS3: the pressure signal in the injector line 5 is measured. Then, in a step S4, a fast Fourier transformation is performed. Then in one
Schritt S5 : abgefragt, ob eine Identifikation des E-Moduls erfolgreich war. Ist die Antwort nein, so erfolgt ein Rücksprung zu dem Schritt Sl. Ist die Antwort ja, wird in einem SchrittStep S5: queried whether an identification of the E-module was successful. If the answer is no, the system returns to step S1. If the answer is yes, it will be in one step
S6: der E-Modul gespeichert. In einem Schritt S7 : wird schließlich zu einem normalen Motorbetrieb übergegangen. Damit ist dieser Programmabschnitt beendet.S6: the modulus of elasticity saved. In a step S7, a transition is made to normal engine operation. This ends this program section.
Anhand des Ablaufdiagramms von Figur 3 wird nun ein Programm zum Korrigieren der Injektorsteuerung erläutert. In einem SchrittA program for correcting the injector control will now be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In one step
S8 : wird eine Mehrfacheinspritzung aktiviert. Dann wird in einem Schritt S9: der identifizierte E-Modul abgespeichert. Danach wird in einem Schritt SlO: die Steuerkorrektur für alle Einspritzungen berechnet.S8: a multiple injection is activated. Then in one step S9: the identified modulus of elasticity stored. Thereafter, in a step S10: the control correction is calculated for all injections.
Diese wird In einem Schritt Sil: an eine in der Motorsteuerung 8 enthaltenen Injektorsteuerung übergeben. Damit ist das Programm am Ende. Es wird laufend zyklisch abgearbeitet.This is transferred in a step Sil: to an injector control contained in the engine control unit 8. This concludes the program. It is continuously processed cyclically.
Aus Figur 4 sind Frequenzspektren des Drucksignals in der Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung 4, die durch eine schnelle Fourier- Transformation gewonnen worden sind, ersichtlich, und zwar bei einer Kraftstofftemperatur von 400C als durchgezogene Linie und bei einer Kraftstofftemperatur von 1000C als gestrichenen Linie. Die Signalamplitude ist Ordinate, die Frequenz Abszisse. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des E-Moduls führt zu unterschiedlichen Eigenfrequenzen. Die Filterung des Drucksignals wurde, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, durch ein Verzögerungsglied 1. Ordnung realisiert.From Figure 4, frequency spectra of the pressure signal in the fuel rail 4, which have been obtained by a fast Fourier transformation, seen at a fuel temperature of 40 0 C as a solid line and at a fuel temperature of 100 0 C as a dashed line , The signal amplitude is ordinate, the frequency abscissa. The temperature dependence of the modulus of elasticity leads to different natural frequencies. The filtering of the pressure signal was, as shown in Figure 1, realized by a delay element 1st order.
Eine weitere Anwendung ist eine Identifikation des Kraftstoffes in Kombination mit einer Temperaturmessung. Spezielle Sensoren für die KraftstoffIdentifikation können entfallen. Die Identifikation des Kraftstoffes ist erforderlich, um die Betriebsweise auf die Kraftstoffart anzupassen. Die Identifi- kation wird zweckmäßigerweise nach jeder Betankung durchgeführt. So kann zum Beispiel eine andere Motorkalibration für Biodiesel eingesetzt werden.Another application is an identification of the fuel in combination with a temperature measurement. Special sensors for the fuel identification can be omitted. The identification of the fuel is necessary to adapt the mode of operation to the type of fuel. The identification is expediently carried out after each refueling. For example, another engine calibration for biodiesel can be used.
Außerdem kann eine Fehlbetankung diagnostiziert und dadurch bedingte Motorschäden können vermieden werden. Auch hierfür ist die Identifikation nach jeder Betankung durchzuführen. In addition, a misfuelling can be diagnosed and consequent engine damage can be avoided. Again, the identification is to be performed after each refueling.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. KraftstoffSystem zum Steuern einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeug-Motors, bei dem der Kraft- Stoff aus einem Behälter (3) über mindestens eine Kraftstoffpumpe (2) in eine Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung (4) und von dort über Kraftstoff-Injektoren (6) in Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird und bei dem der Druck (p) in der Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung (4) mit einem Drucksensor (7) er- fasst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass d a. d u r o h ge kenn z e i chne t ,A fuel system for controlling an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle engine, in which the fuel from a container (3) via at least one fuel pump (2) in a fuel rail (4) and from there via fuel injectors (6 ) is injected into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine and in which the pressure (p) in the fuel manifold (4) with a pressure sensor (7) is detected, characterized in that d a. d o r h a h t h e,
- dass die Schallgeschwindigkeit in dem Kraftstoff gemessen wird, und- that the speed of sound in the fuel is measured, and
- dass anhand der gemessenen Schallgeschwindigkeit die Kraftstoffeigenschaften ermittelt werden.- That based on the measured speed of sound, the fuel properties are determined.
2. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Druckschwingungen mit charakteristischen Eigenfrequenzen, die durch die Einspritzung in dem hydraulischen Kraft- stoff-System angeregt werden, mit dem Drucksensor (7) erfasst und analysiert werden.2. Fuel system according to claim 1, characterized in that pressure oscillations with characteristic natural frequencies, which are excited by the injection in the hydraulic fuel system, with the pressure sensor (7) are detected and analyzed.
3. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anhand der Schallgeschwindigkeit in dem Kraftstoff bei bekannter Temperatur die Kraftstoffart ermittelt wird.3. Fuel system according to claim 2, characterized in that based on the speed of sound in the fuel at a known temperature, the fuel is determined.
3. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anhand der Schallgeschwindigkeit bei bekannter Kraftstoffart die Temperatur im Hochdrucksystem der Kraftstoffein- spritzung ermittelt wird.3. Fuel system according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature in the high pressure fuel injection system is determined on the basis of the speed of sound with known fuel type.
4. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drucksignal (p) gefiltert wird und dass die Eigenfrequenzen des hydraulischen Kraftstoff-Systems mit einer schnellen Fourier-Transformation (FFT) des gefilterten Drucksignals bestimmt werden. 4. Fuel system according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure signal (p) is filtered and that the natural frequencies of the hydraulic fuel system with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the filtered pressure signal are determined.
5. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffart durch einen Vergleich der Schwingungsspektren des hydraulischen Kraftstoff-Systems bei verschiedenen Drücken und Temperaturen mit in der Motorsteuerung hin- terlegten Daten von Referenzkraftstoffen ermittelt wird.5. Fuel system according to claim 2, characterized in that the fuel type is determined by comparing the vibration spectra of the hydraulic fuel system at different pressures and temperatures with stored in the engine control data from reference fuels.
6. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hochfrequent abgetastete Drucksignale in einem Datenspeicher abgelegt werden.6. Fuel system according to claim 5, characterized in that high-frequency sampled pressure signals are stored in a data memory.
7. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Motorsteuerung (8) sowie eine mit dieser zusammen wirkenden Auswerteschaltung (9) aufweist, und dass die Auswerteschaltung ein Verzögerungsglied erster Ordnung (10) enthält, das die niederfrequente Dynamik aus dem Drucksignal (p) herausfiltert.7. Fuel system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a motor control (8) and an evaluation circuit (9) cooperating therewith, and in that the evaluation circuit contains a first-order delay element (10) which generates the low-frequency dynamics from the pressure signal (10). p) filters out.
8. KraftstoffSystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswerteschaltung (9) einen Korrekturblock (14) aufweist, der einen Korrekturwert (TI-Korrektur) für die Steuerdauer (TI) des jeweiligen Injektors (6) ausgibt.8. Fuel system according to claim 7, characterized in that the evaluation circuit (9) has a correction block (14) which outputs a correction value (TI correction) for the control duration (TI) of the respective injector (6).
9. Verfahren zum Steuern eines KraftstoffSystems nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass Referenz-Betriebszustände ermittelt werden;9. A method for controlling a fuel system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - reference operating conditions are determined;
- dass dann abgefragt wird, ob ein Referenz-Betriebszustand gefunden worden ist und wenn das zutrifft,that is then queried whether a reference operating state has been found and if that is true
- das Drucksignal in der Injektorleitung (5) gemessen wird,the pressure signal in the injector line (5) is measured,
- dass dann eine schnelle Fourier-Transformation des Druck- signals durchgeführt wird,that then a fast Fourier transformation of the pressure signal is performed,
- dass dann abgefragt, ob eine Identifikation des E-Moduls erfolgreich war, und wenn dies zutrifft, der E-Modul des Kraftstoffs gespeichert wird, und- That then queried whether an identification of the modulus was successful, and if so, the modulus of the fuel is stored, and
- dass schließlich zu einem normalen Motorbetrieb übergegan- gen wird.- that finally to a normal engine operation is transferred.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass eine Mehrfacheinspritzung aktiviert wird;10. The method according to claim 9, characterized - that a multiple injection is activated;
- dass dann der identifizierte E-Modul eingelesen wird;- that then the identified modulus of elasticity is read;
- dass danach eine Steuerkorrektur für alle Einspritzungen berechnet wird,after that a control correction is calculated for all injections,
- und dass die Steuerkorrektur an eine in der Motorsteuerung (8) enthaltene Injektorsteuerungen übergeben wird. - And that the control correction is passed to an in the engine control (8) contained injector controls.
PCT/EP2008/064766 2007-11-08 2008-10-31 Fuel system for controlling an internal combustion engine and method for controlling a fuel system of this type WO2009059930A1 (en)

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