WO2009053454A1 - Apparatus for operation of a circuit arrangement - Google Patents

Apparatus for operation of a circuit arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009053454A1
WO2009053454A1 PCT/EP2008/064422 EP2008064422W WO2009053454A1 WO 2009053454 A1 WO2009053454 A1 WO 2009053454A1 EP 2008064422 W EP2008064422 W EP 2008064422W WO 2009053454 A1 WO2009053454 A1 WO 2009053454A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
overvoltage
ptc
ptc resistor
circuit arrangement
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/064422
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerhard Nickerl
Andreas Ferger
Ralf Hartmann
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2009053454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009053454A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/026—Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for operating a circuit arrangement.
  • the device comprises a current-limiting unit, which comprises a PTC resistor as the current-limiting element.
  • overvoltages typically exceed nominal voltages of the electrical systems and arise, for example, by faulty circuit components or by induction of a voltage by means of adjacent ones
  • Overvoltages in the field of motor vehicles are typically divided into five protection classes, each protection class having a predetermined overvoltage pulse with a predetermined overvoltage value and a pulse duration assigned to it. The motor vehicle manufacturer thus specifies an overvoltage class for which the respective electrical system must have an overvoltage resistance.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide an apparatus for operating a circuit arrangement which is reliable and simple.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention pelg is characterized in the subclaim.
  • the invention is characterized by a device for operating a circuit arrangement, wherein the device has a current limiting unit which comprises a PTC resistor as a current-limiting element.
  • a PTC resistor is typically formed as a PTC thermistor, which changes its resistance value depending on a given temperature.
  • the PTC resistor has a low resistance value at low temperature and a higher resistance value at higher temperatures.
  • the temperature of the PTC resistor is also typically dependent on a current flow therethrough. If a small current flows through the PTC resistor, it heats up minimally and its resistance value remains low.
  • the PTC resistor in a predetermined nominal operation to a non-increasing resistance value.
  • the default nominal operation specifies a non-overvoltage, i. H. he specifies a nominal voltage of the circuit arrangement. At the nominal voltage and during fault-free operation of the circuit arrangement, the current is not limited by means of the PTC resistor. Thus, through the PTC resistor, a rated current of the circuit flows.
  • the PTC has a particularly low impedance during rated operation, so that the power consumed by the resistor is particularly low and thus the PTC resistor contributes to an increase in the efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a Wegungsan- order.
  • a PTC resistor PTC which is designed as a current limiting unit
  • a diode D which is designed as overvoltage protection
  • the PTC resistor PTC and the diode D are coupled together at a center node, referred to as node 1, and electrically connected in series with each other between a supply voltage U_BAT and a reference potential GND.
  • the reference potential GND is preferably a ground potential.
  • the diode D is typically designed as a Zener diode and is operated in the reverse direction.
  • a circuit arrangement CIR is arranged between the node 1 and the reference potential GND and represents the component to be protected before an overvoltage and before one of the overvoltage associated overload current.
  • the current limiting unit and the overvoltage protection may be referred to as a device for operating the circuit arrangement CIR.
  • the supply voltage is typically given by means of a motor vehicle battery with a value of 24 V and the circuit CIR to be protected is designed, for example, as a light control unit.
  • the PTC resistor PTC due to the low power dissipation on a low resistance value, the z. B. may be between 15 ohms and 25 ohms.
  • the nominal operation is also a predetermined temperature range, such. B. -40 0 C to +75 0 C, within which the resistance of the PTC resistor PTC is only minimally changed.
  • the PTC resistor is typically associated with a small, non-increasing resistance value.
  • the z. B. may be 160 mW, so that the device assigned losses are to be described as particularly low.
  • an overvoltage such. B. 58 V
  • the voltage value of the overvoltage is greater than one of the diode D associated breakdown voltage, such. B. 37 V
  • the diode D is low impedance.
  • the overvoltage may, for example, be predetermined during operation of the device or by means of an overvoltage pulse generator which is used to detect an overvoltage resistance of the device and the circuit arrangement.
  • the overvoltage pulse generator can be specified for overvoltage classification of the device and the circuit arrangement different overvoltage pulses, which differ in each case in the voltage level and in the pulse duration. Thus, the overvoltage pulses are divided according to different overvoltage classes.
  • overvoltage pulses can be predetermined by means of the overvoltage pulse generator between 58 V and 328 V with pulse durations between 500 ms and 2 ⁇ s in the area of the commercial vehicles for detecting the overvoltage resistance.
  • the respective overvoltage Class is typically specified by the respective motor vehicle manufacturer for the respective circuit arrangement.
  • an overload current flows, such. B. in about 1.5 A, by the PTC resistor PTC, which is derived to a large extent via the diode D to ground GND.
  • the overload current leads to a heating of the PTC resistor PTC, so that its resistance increases and the overload current thereby decreases, such. B. exponential, and thereby limited.
  • the resultant short-circuit current is limited by means of the PTC resistor by means of the PTC resistor PTC, even in the case of a short-circuit on the output side.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus for operation of a circuit arrangement (CIR), wherein the apparatus has a current limiting unit which acts as a current limiting element and comprises a PTC resistor (PTC).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer SchaltungsanordnungDevice for operating a circuit arrangement
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Schaltungsanordnung. Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine Strombegrenzungseinheit, die als strombegrenzendes Element einen PTC-Widerstand umfasst.The invention relates to a device for operating a circuit arrangement. The device comprises a current-limiting unit, which comprises a PTC resistor as the current-limiting element.
In vielen Bereichen der Elektrotechnik müssen viele elektrische Systeme vor Überspannungen und somit vor Zerstörung geschützt werden. Die Überspannungen überschreiten typischerweise Nennspannungen der elektrischen Systeme und entstehen beispielsweise durch fehlerbehaftete Schaltungskomponenten oder durch Induktion einer Spannung mittels benachbarterIn many areas of electrical engineering, many electrical systems must be protected against overvoltages and thus against destruction. The overvoltages typically exceed nominal voltages of the electrical systems and arise, for example, by faulty circuit components or by induction of a voltage by means of adjacent ones
Schaltungskomponenten. Insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbereich müssen elektrische Systeme vor Überspannungen geschützt werden, wobei die Kraftfahrzeughersteller verschiedene Anforderungen an die Überspannungsfestigkeit der jeweiligen elektri- sehen Systeme stellen. Überspannungen im Bereich von Kraftfahrzeugen werden typischerweise in fünf Schutzklassen unterteilt, wobei jede Schutzklasse einen vorgegebenen Überspannungspuls mit einem vorgegebenen Überspannungswert und einer ihm zugeordneten Pulsdauer aufweist. Der Kraftfahrzeugher- steller gibt somit eine Überspannungsklasse vor, für die das jeweilige elektrische System eine Überspannungsfestigkeit aufweisen muss.Circuit components. Especially in the automotive sector, electrical systems must be protected against overvoltages, the motor vehicle manufacturers have different requirements for the surge resistance of the respective electrical systems see. Overvoltages in the field of motor vehicles are typically divided into five protection classes, each protection class having a predetermined overvoltage pulse with a predetermined overvoltage value and a pulse duration assigned to it. The motor vehicle manufacturer thus specifies an overvoltage class for which the respective electrical system must have an overvoltage resistance.
Die Aufgabe, die der Erfindung zugrunde liegt, ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Schaltungsanordnung zu schaffen, die zuverlässig und einfach ist.The object underlying the invention is to provide an apparatus for operating a circuit arrangement which is reliable and simple.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs. Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfin- düng ist in dem Unteranspruch gekennzeichnet. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich aus durch eine Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Schaltungsanordnung, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Strombegrenzungseinheit aufweist, die als strombegrenzendes Element einen PTC-Widerstand umfasst. Ein PTC- Widerstand ist typischerweise als ein Kaltleiter ausgebildet, der abhängig von einer vorgegebenen Temperatur seinen Widerstandswert ändert. Dabei weist der PTC-Widerstand bei geringer Temperatur einen geringen Widerstandswert auf und bei höheren Temperaturen einen größeren Widerstandswert. Die Tempe- ratur des PTC-Widerstandes ist typischerweise auch abhängig von einem Stromfluss durch diesen. Fließt ein geringer Strom durch den PTC-Widerstand, erwärmt sich dieser minimal und sein Widerstandswert bleibt gering. Fließt dagegen ein hoher Strom durch den PTC-Widerstand, wird durch diesen hohen Strom der PTC-Widerstand erwärmt, wodurch sein Widerstandswert ansteigt. Dadurch kann besonders zuverlässig und einfach bei einer anliegenden Überspannung ein der Überspannung zugeordneter Überlaststrom begrenzt werden, während bei einer NichtÜberspannung der Widerstandswert des PTC-Widerstandes gering ist und durch den PTC-Widerstand eine besonders geringe Leistung aufgenommen wird.The object is solved by the features of the independent claim. An advantageous embodiment of the invention düng is characterized in the subclaim. The invention is characterized by a device for operating a circuit arrangement, wherein the device has a current limiting unit which comprises a PTC resistor as a current-limiting element. A PTC resistor is typically formed as a PTC thermistor, which changes its resistance value depending on a given temperature. In this case, the PTC resistor has a low resistance value at low temperature and a higher resistance value at higher temperatures. The temperature of the PTC resistor is also typically dependent on a current flow therethrough. If a small current flows through the PTC resistor, it heats up minimally and its resistance value remains low. On the other hand, if a high current flows through the PTC resistor, this high current heats the PTC resistor, increasing its resistance. As a result, an overload current assigned to the overvoltage can be limited in a particularly reliable and simple manner with an applied overvoltage, while with a non-overvoltage the resistance value of the PTC resistor is low and a particularly low power is absorbed by the PTC resistor.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist der PTC- Widerstand in einem vorgegebenen Nennbetrieb einen nicht- ansteigenden Widerstandswert auf. Der vorgegebene Nennbetrieb gibt eine Nicht-Überspannung vor, d. h. er gibt eine Nennspannung der Schaltungsanordnung vor. Bei der Nennspannung und während eines fehlerfreien Betriebes der Schaltungsanordnung wird der Strom mittels des PTC-Widerstandes nicht be- grenzt. Somit fließt durch den PTC-Widerstand ein Nennstrom der Schaltungsanordnung.According to an advantageous embodiment, the PTC resistor in a predetermined nominal operation to a non-increasing resistance value. The default nominal operation specifies a non-overvoltage, i. H. he specifies a nominal voltage of the circuit arrangement. At the nominal voltage and during fault-free operation of the circuit arrangement, the current is not limited by means of the PTC resistor. Thus, through the PTC resistor, a rated current of the circuit flows.
Im Gegensatz zu hochohmig dimensionierten Widerständen ist im Nennbetrieb der PTC besonders niederohmig ausgebildet, so dass die von dem Widerstand aufgenommene Leistung besonders gering ist und somit der PTC-Widerstand zu einer Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades beiträgt. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:In contrast to resistors of high resistance, the PTC has a particularly low impedance during rated operation, so that the power consumed by the resistor is particularly low and thus the PTC resistor contributes to an increase in the efficiency. Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Schaltungsan- Ordnung.Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a Schaltungsan- order.
Elemente gleicher Konstruktion oder Funktion sind figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Elements of the same construction or function are identified across the figures with the same reference numerals.
In Figur 1 ist ein PTC-Widerstand PTC, der als Strombegrenzungseinheit ausgebildet ist, und eine Diode D, die als Überspannungsschutz ausgebildet ist, dargestellt. Der PTC- Widerstand PTC und die Diode D sind in einem Mittelpunktsknoten, der als Knoten 1 bezeichnet ist, miteinander gekoppelt und elektrisch in Reihe zueinander zwischen einer Versorgungsspannung U_BAT und einem Bezugspotential GND angeordnet. Das Bezugspotential GND ist vorzugsweise ein Massepotential. Die Diode D ist typischerweise als Zener-Diode ausgeführt und wird in Sperrrichtung betrieben.In Figure 1, a PTC resistor PTC, which is designed as a current limiting unit, and a diode D, which is designed as overvoltage protection, shown. The PTC resistor PTC and the diode D are coupled together at a center node, referred to as node 1, and electrically connected in series with each other between a supply voltage U_BAT and a reference potential GND. The reference potential GND is preferably a ground potential. The diode D is typically designed as a Zener diode and is operated in the reverse direction.
Eine Schaltungsanordnung CIR ist zwischen dem Knoten 1 und dem Bezugspotential GND angeordnet und stellt die vor einer Überspannung und vor einem der Überspannung zugeordneten Überlaststrom zu schützende Komponente dar.A circuit arrangement CIR is arranged between the node 1 and the reference potential GND and represents the component to be protected before an overvoltage and before one of the overvoltage associated overload current.
Die Strombegrenzungseinheit und der Überspannungsschutz können als Vorrichtung zum Betreiben der Schaltungsanordnung CIR bezeichnet werden.The current limiting unit and the overvoltage protection may be referred to as a device for operating the circuit arrangement CIR.
Am Beispiel eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Nutzkraftfahrzeugs, wird die Versorgungsspannung typischerweise mittels einer Kraftfahrzeugbatterie mit einem Wert von 24 V vorgegeben und die zu schützende Schaltungsanordnung CIR ist beispielsweise als Lichtsteuereinheit ausgebildet.Using the example of a motor vehicle, in particular a utility vehicle, the supply voltage is typically given by means of a motor vehicle battery with a value of 24 V and the circuit CIR to be protected is designed, for example, as a light control unit.
In einem Nennbetrieb, der gekennzeichnet ist durch die Vorgabe der Versorgungsspannung U BAT und einen durch den PTC- Widerstand PTC fließenden Nennstrom, so z. B. in etwa 80 mA, weist der PTC-Widerstand PTC aufgrund der geringen Verlustleistung einen geringen Widerstandswert auf, der z. B. einem Wert zwischen 15 Ohm und 25 Ohm betragen kann. Dem Nennbe- trieb ist ferner ein vorgegebener Temperaturbereich, so z. B. -40 0C bis +75 0C, zugeordnet, innerhalb dessen der Widerstandswert des PTC-Widerstandes PTC nur minimal verändert wird. Somit ist im Nennbetrieb dem PTC-Widerstand typischerweise ein geringer, nichtansteigender Widerstandswert zuge- ordnet.In a rated mode, which is characterized by the specification of the supply voltage U BAT and a by the PTC Resistor PTC flowing rated current, such as. B. in about 80 mA, the PTC resistor PTC due to the low power dissipation on a low resistance value, the z. B. may be between 15 ohms and 25 ohms. The nominal operation is also a predetermined temperature range, such. B. -40 0 C to +75 0 C, within which the resistance of the PTC resistor PTC is only minimally changed. Thus, in nominal operation, the PTC resistor is typically associated with a small, non-increasing resistance value.
Aufgrund des geringen Widerstandswertes des PTC-Widerstandes PTC im Nennbetrieb, wird von diesem nur eine geringe Verlustleistung aufgenommen, die z. B. 160 mW betragen kann, so dass die der Vorrichtung zuzuordneten Verluste als besonders gering zu bezeichnen sind.Due to the low resistance of the PTC resistor PTC in nominal operation, only a small power loss is absorbed by this, the z. B. may be 160 mW, so that the device assigned losses are to be described as particularly low.
Liegt beispielsweise eine Überspannung, so z . B. 58 V, ein- gangsseitig an dem PTC-Widerstand PTC an und ist der Span- nungswert der Überspannung größer als eine der Diode D zugeordnete Durchbruchsspannung, so z. B. 37 V, wird die Diode D niederohmig. Die Überspannung kann beispielsweise während des Betriebes der Vorrichtung vorgegeben werden oder mittels eines Überspannungspulsgenerators, der zum Nachweis einer Über- Spannungsfestigkeit der Vorrichtung und der Schaltungsanordnung eingesetzt wird. Der Überspannungspulsgenerator kann zur Überspannungsklassifizierung der Vorrichtung und der Schaltungsanordnung verschiedene Überspannungspulse vorgegeben, die sich jeweils in der Spannungshöhe und in der Pulsdauer unterscheiden. So werden die Überspannungspulse entsprechend in unterschiedliche Überspannungsklassen eingeteilt. So sind je nach vorgegebener Überspannungsklasse beispielsweise Überspannungspulse mittels des Überspannungspulsgenerators zwischen 58 V und 328 V mit Pulsdauern zwischen 500 ms und 2 us im Bereich der Nutzkraftfahrzeuge zum Nachweis der Überspannungsfestigkeit vorgebbar. Die jeweilige Überspannungs- klasse wird typischerweise von dem jeweiligen Kraftfahrzeughersteller für die jeweilige Schaltungsanordnung vorgegeben.If, for example, an overvoltage, such. B. 58 V, on the input side to the PTC resistor PTC and the voltage value of the overvoltage is greater than one of the diode D associated breakdown voltage, such. B. 37 V, the diode D is low impedance. The overvoltage may, for example, be predetermined during operation of the device or by means of an overvoltage pulse generator which is used to detect an overvoltage resistance of the device and the circuit arrangement. The overvoltage pulse generator can be specified for overvoltage classification of the device and the circuit arrangement different overvoltage pulses, which differ in each case in the voltage level and in the pulse duration. Thus, the overvoltage pulses are divided according to different overvoltage classes. Thus, depending on the given overvoltage class, for example, overvoltage pulses can be predetermined by means of the overvoltage pulse generator between 58 V and 328 V with pulse durations between 500 ms and 2 μs in the area of the commercial vehicles for detecting the overvoltage resistance. The respective overvoltage Class is typically specified by the respective motor vehicle manufacturer for the respective circuit arrangement.
Mit Beginn des Vorliegens der Überspannung fließt ein Über- laststrom, so z. B. in etwa 1,5 A, durch den PTC-Widerstand PTC, der zu einem großen Anteil über die Diode D zur Masse GND abgeleitet wird. Der Überlaststrom führt zu einer Erwärmung des PTC-Widerstandes PTC, so dass dessen Widerstandswert ansteigt und der Überlaststrom dadurch abnimmt, so z. B. ex- ponentiell, und dadurch begrenzt wird.With the beginning of the presence of the overvoltage an overload current flows, such. B. in about 1.5 A, by the PTC resistor PTC, which is derived to a large extent via the diode D to ground GND. The overload current leads to a heating of the PTC resistor PTC, so that its resistance increases and the overload current thereby decreases, such. B. exponential, and thereby limited.
Neben der Begrenzung des Überlaststromes im Falle einer ein- gangsseitig anliegenden Überspannung, wird mittels des PTC- Widerstandes PTC auch im Falle eines ausgangsseitig anliegen- den Kurzschlusses der dadurch resultierende Kurzschlussstrom mittels des PTC-Widerstandes begrenzt. In addition to the limitation of the overload current in the case of an overvoltage applied on the input side, the resultant short-circuit current is limited by means of the PTC resistor by means of the PTC resistor PTC, even in the case of a short-circuit on the output side.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Schaltungsanordnung1. Device for operating a circuit arrangement
(CIR) , wobei die Vorrichtung eine Strombegrenzungseinheit aufweist, die als strombegrenzendes Element einen PTC- Widerstand (PTC) umfasst.(CIR), wherein the device has a current limiting unit which comprises a PTC resistor (PTC) as a current-limiting element.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der PTC-Widerstand2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the PTC resistor
(PTC) in einem vorgegebenen Nennbetrieb einen nicht- ansteigenden Widerstandswert aufweist. (PTC) has a non-increasing resistance in a given nominal operation.
PCT/EP2008/064422 2007-10-26 2008-10-24 Apparatus for operation of a circuit arrangement WO2009053454A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710051360 DE102007051360A1 (en) 2007-10-26 2007-10-26 Device for operating a circuit arrangement
DE102007051360.9 2007-10-26

Publications (1)

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WO2009053454A1 true WO2009053454A1 (en) 2009-04-30

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2528253A1 (en) * 1982-06-04 1983-12-09 Jaeger Overvoltage protection circuit for electronic components - has zener diode and PTC resistor connected in series and in good thermal contact
EP0736950A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-09 BITRON S.p.A. Device for protecting electronic circuits against supply battery disconnection (load dump) and/or overvoltages in the electrical supply circuit of motor vehicles
EP1435682A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-07-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2528253A1 (en) * 1982-06-04 1983-12-09 Jaeger Overvoltage protection circuit for electronic components - has zener diode and PTC resistor connected in series and in good thermal contact
EP0736950A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-09 BITRON S.p.A. Device for protecting electronic circuits against supply battery disconnection (load dump) and/or overvoltages in the electrical supply circuit of motor vehicles
EP1435682A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-07-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic apparatus

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