WO2009044247A2 - Device for collecting solar radiation - Google Patents

Device for collecting solar radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009044247A2
WO2009044247A2 PCT/IB2008/002538 IB2008002538W WO2009044247A2 WO 2009044247 A2 WO2009044247 A2 WO 2009044247A2 IB 2008002538 W IB2008002538 W IB 2008002538W WO 2009044247 A2 WO2009044247 A2 WO 2009044247A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
solar collector
reflecting surface
longitudinal
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2008/002538
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009044247A3 (en
Inventor
Harald Hauf
Sothachett Van
Original Assignee
Harald Hauf
Sothachett Van
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harald Hauf, Sothachett Van filed Critical Harald Hauf
Priority to EP08807181A priority Critical patent/EP2195857A2/en
Publication of WO2009044247A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009044247A2/en
Publication of WO2009044247A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009044247A3/en
Priority to US12/750,769 priority patent/US20100236540A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/67—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for coupling adjacent modules or their peripheral frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/86—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors in the form of reflective coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of devices for capturing solar radiation.
  • the currently used devices are arranged in panels integrating solar collectors flat transforming solar energy into electrical energy.
  • the capturing capacity and therefore the electrical efficiency of such panels are directly a function of the surface of the sensitive face exposed directly to the sun of the solar collectors and of the orientation of this face with respect to the radiation of the sun.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a device for capturing solar radiation, comprising at least one photovoltaic solar collector having a solar-sensitive face, at least one reflecting surface for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive face of the sensor, and a means for holding the solar collector determining the orientation of the sensitive face of the sensor relative to the reflecting surface.
  • Concentrated photovoltaic panels In a photovoltaic solar module, the most expensive component is the photovoltaic sensor. The interposition of a concentrator device between the sun and the sensor makes it possible to use a photovoltaic sensor of smaller surface area, for the benefit of the cost price of the module.
  • concentration is generally obtained, in the state of the art, by a system of parabolic mirrors with solar tracing.
  • US Pat. No. 4,337,758 also discloses a photovoltaic device equipped with a paraboloid mirror with a complex surface requiring guidance relative to the sun (see Col. 10, lines 47-50).
  • the European patent EP 347 443 also describes a solar module with multiple mirrors and multiple solar collectors of "double-sided" type, the mirrors being in the form of parabolic profile channels and thus requiring, in order to be effective, that the sunlight has an angle low incidence relative to the solar module.
  • Japanese patent application JP 2001 127331 also discloses a solar panel comprising double-sided solar collectors whose lower face receives solar radiation reflected by flat reflectors (Fig Ib) or cup-shaped (Fig 3). As before, such a solar panel requires a controlled orientation and must receive sunlight perpendicular to its surface to provide satisfactory energy efficiency.
  • Canadian patent application CA 2,428,578 also discloses a device comprising a dish-shaped aluminum paraboloidal reflector which is almost entirely covered with pyramidal-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells. Solar radiation can penetrate into the reflective bowl only through the edges of the device, which for this purpose are equipped with a reflective mercury net.
  • the invention is more particularly a photovoltaic device using a reflective surface, which can be used without guiding its orientation relative to the position of the sun.
  • An embodiment of the invention thus provides a device for capturing solar radiation without guiding its orientation relative to the position of the sun, the device comprising at least one photovoltaic solar collector having a face sensitive to solar radiation, at least a reflective surface for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive face of the sensor, and a means for holding the solar collector determining an orientation and inclination of the sensitive face of the sensor relative to the reflective surface, wherein the reflective surface is shaped such that, at least during certain periods of a day and at least during certain days during the year, solar rays reflected by the reflective surface reach the sensitive face of the solar collector with an angle of incidence as small as possible when the device is arranged fixedly relative to the earth, in a determined orientation.
  • the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflective surface is shaped so that, at least during certain periods of a day and at least during certain days of the year, reflected solar rays reach the face.
  • sensitive solar collector with as small an angle of incidence as possible for an approximately north-south orientation of the longitudinal axis of the solar collector.
  • the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface has, in a sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a first profile having no vertical axis of symmetry.
  • the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface has, in a longitudinal sectional plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a second profile having no vertical axis of symmetry.
  • the sensitive face of the solar collector extends above a longitudinal edge of the reflecting surface with a determined angle of inclination.
  • the solar collector is of longitudinal shape, the device comprising first and second reflective surfaces arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane of the device.
  • the sensitive face of the solar collector is arranged above a longitudinal junction region of the first and second reflective surfaces.
  • the device comprises a first and a second longitudinal shaped solar collectors, the first solar collector having its sensitive face oriented towards the first reflecting surface with a first inclination angle, the second solar collector having its sensitive face. oriented to the second reflective surface with a second inclination angle.
  • the device comprises a cavity receiving the reflecting surface and in which the solar sensor is fixed on a support projecting into the cavity.
  • the device comprises a cavity receiving the reflecting surface and a cover transparent to solar radiation, covering the cavity.
  • the solar collector is fixed on the cover.
  • the projection of the surface of the solar collector in a plane extending above the device is between 5% and 30% of the projection of the reflecting surface in the same plane.
  • the device comprises means for fixing to at least one other device adjacent or attachment to a structure.
  • the device comprises electrical connection means for connecting the solar sensor to the outside of the device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows an enlarged cross section of the central portion of the device of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents a view from above of the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 represents an enlarged cross section of a lateral part of the device of FIG. 1;
  • - Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section along VV of the device of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 6 represents a variant of attachment of the device of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 represents an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • a device 1 for capturing solar radiation which comprises a base 2 in the form of parallelepipedic bowl which has a bottom 3 and a peripheral wall 4 which has two opposite longitudinal sides 5 and two opposite transverse sides 6, and which comprises a rectangular flat cover 7 whose peripheral edge is fixed on the peripheral edge of the peripheral wall 4, preferably sealingly, so that the base 2 and the cover 7 delimit a cavity 8.
  • the lid 7 is made of a material that is transparent to solar radiation, for example glass or a plastic material.
  • the device 1 comprises a longitudinal support 9 projecting into the cavity 8, which is fixed on the longitudinal central part of the bottom 3 of the bowl 2 and which comprises a rectangular plate 10 which extends towards the cover 7 and two longitudinal rectangular wings symmetrical oppositions 1 1 and 12 fixed lengthwise on the free edge of the plate 10. These wings extend, longitudinally, approximately to the opposite transverse sides 6 of the base 2 and, transversely, towards the opposite longitudinal sides 5 of this base 2 being inclined towards the cover 7 from the free edge of the plate 10.
  • the device 1 comprises longitudinal flat solar collectors 15 and 16 which are fixed on the inner faces 13 and 14 of the inclined flanges 1 1 and 12, opposite to the cover 7, these sensors comprising photovoltaic modules having faces sensitive to solar radiation oriented towards inside and presenting the inclinations of the wings
  • the device 1 comprises two elements 17 and 18 which are fixed to the base 2 at the bottom of the cavity 8 and which occupy in width and in length the spaces between the plate 10 and the peripheral wall 4 of the base 2. These elements 17 and 18 have front surfaces 19 and 20 reflecting which are located at a distance from the cover 7 and the sensors 15 and 16.
  • These reflective front surfaces 19 and 20 are formed so as to reflect at least partly the solar radiation passing through the cover 7, respectively to the sensitive faces of the sensors 15 and 16.
  • These reflective front surfaces 19 and 20 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the plate 10 of the support 9, to thus place the longitudinal plane of the device approximately in a plane passing through the north and south poles of the earth.
  • the width of the wings 1 1 and 12, in projection on the cover 7, or in projection on a plane extending above the device, may be between five and thirty percent of the width of the cavity 8. Consequently, , the surface of the solar collectors 15 and 16 is approximately in the same proportion with respect to the surface of the projections of the reflective surfaces 19 and 20 on the cover 7.
  • the device 1 comprises electrical connection means to the outside of the solar collectors 15 and 16, which comprise electrical wires 21 which extend along the support 9 and which exit outwards through an orifice 3a of the bottom 3 of the base 2.
  • the base 2 may be of a metal sheet which does not oxidize or which is protected against oxidation and the cover 7 can be fixed on the base 2 via a peripheral seal 22, sticky and waterproof. It may be noted that the cavity 8 is sealed and only connected to the outside or to the open air through the rear opening 3a through which the electrical wires 21 pass.
  • the elements 17 and 18 may be constituted by blocks for example of a plastic foam material, covered with a layer or sheet for example metallic and the reflecting surfaces 19 and 20 may be constituted by this layer or sheet by a deposit on the latter of a layer of a reflective material such as silver, aluminum or zinc.
  • the device 1 may advantageously constitute a construction element.
  • the above blocks can be glued on the bottom 3 of the base 2.
  • the bottom 3 of the base 2 of the device 1 can be fixed on a rear support structure 25.
  • two devices 1 can be coupled by means known in the construction, such as for example legs 26 and screws 27 to connect their adjoining peripheral edges. It is thus possible to produce panels consisting of several devices 1 at will.
  • tabs 23a may further be formed such that two rows of devices 1 are parallel and not located in the same plane in order to adapt their orientation with respect to a particular support structure so as to be closer to the best orientation with respect to the light radiation.
  • the elements 17 and 18 are replaced by shaped plates 28 whose peripheral edges are fixed flat on the inner wall of the base 2 and on the support 9, for example by screws 29.
  • These formed plates 28 and 29 may for example be metallic or of a rigid plastic material and their reflecting surfaces 28a may be constituted by a deposit on the latter of a layer of a reflective material such as silver, aluminum or zinc.
  • each reflective surface 19 is in fact arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane of the device (here represented by the vertical rectangular plate 10), and the sensitive face of each solar collector 15, 16 extends here above a longitudinal edge of the corresponding reflecting surface 19, 20 with an angle of inclination which is determined by the orientation wings 1 1 and 12.
  • each reflective surface is in fact arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane of the device (here represented by the vertical rectangular plate 10), and the sensitive face of each solar collector 15, 16 extends here above a longitudinal edge of the corresponding reflecting surface 19, 20 with an angle of inclination which is determined by the orientation wings 1 1 and 12.
  • each reflecting surface 19, 20 to reduce as much as possible the angle of incidence of the sun's light rays relative to the sensitive face of each sensor 15, 16, provides a better performance energy sensors.
  • the term “better energy efficiency” means that more electrical energy is supplied by the sensor per unit of photovoltaic area during the preferred periods of the day and of the year (periods for which the reflective surfaces have been optimized ), with respect to a sensor that would be arranged opposite a paraboloid-type reflective surface that is not optimized for use without guiding the device relative to the path of the sun.
  • the present invention provides overall optimization of the annual energy supplied by the sensor, ie the sum of all the electric powers supplied U (t) * I (t) by the sensor, instead of looking for the obtaining a maximum power output U (t) * I (t) under optimum operating conditions requiring tracking of the sun's path.
  • the device 1 has a cost price lower than a conventional solar panel, since the surface of the photovoltaic sensor represents only 5% to 30% of expensive photovoltaic surface, compared with the photosensitive surface of a sensor without conventional concentration .
  • each reflective surface 19, 20 is optimized by calculating the integral of the power collected during given periods of the day and the particular days of the year, so that the result of this integral, namely the collected electrical energy is maximized, that is to say close to a maximum.
  • the maximum reference for this optimization in terms of annual energy, is, for example, the annual energy supplied by a conventional flat solar collector having the same inclination and orientation as the device according to the invention, and of the same surface as the surface. the base of the device (occupied area).
  • the resulting reflecting surface 19, 20 is a non - parabolic shape because the angles between reflected beam and solar collector change at any time (every hour and throughout the year). It does not have a single focal point, but a multiplicity of focal points, while ensuring a global or "statistical" function of concentration of the sunlight (annual average), and this for a given orientation of the device 1 relative to the earth and for a determined orientation and inclination of the corresponding solar collector 15, 16 relative to the reflecting surface. As can be seen in FIG.
  • each reflecting surface 19, 20 may have, in a section plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a first profile having no vertical axis of symmetry (the verticality being determined relative to the laying plane of the base 2, which may not be horizontal in practice although shown horizontal in Figure 1). If the longitudinal orientation axis of the device 1 retained at the time of the design of the reflecting surfaces 19, 20 is for example the south-north axis, as indicated above, the reflecting surface 19 may for example be optimized to return to the solar collector 15, with the smallest possible angle of incidence, the solar radiation emitted by the sun when it is oriented to the west or southwest (ie the afternoon in the northern hemisphere), as shown in Figure 1.
  • the reflecting surface 20 can be optimized for send back to the solar collector 16, with the smallest possible angle of incidence, the solar radiation emitted by the sun when it is oriented east or south-east (ie in the morning in the northern hemisphere ), as also appears in Figure 1.
  • each reflecting surface 19, 20 can also have the consequence that each reflecting surface also has, in a longitudinal section plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor such as the section plane VV, a profile devoid of axis. vertical symmetry (relative to the laying plan of the base 2), to optimize energy efficiency taking into account that the angle of the sun at noon is different according to the seasons. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that such optimization of each reflecting surface must be made taking into account the position and orientation of the solar collector 15, 16 relative to the reflecting surface to be optimized 19, 20 In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, each solar sensor has a determined inclination imposed by the arrangement of the wings 1 1 and 12. In an embodiment described below, the angle of inclination is different from which it follows that the optimized shape of the reflective surfaces may be different.
  • each solar collector relative to the corresponding reflective surface may be provided to facilitate the optimization of the reflective surface.
  • the optimization therefore relates to a pair of parameters comprising, on the one hand, the shape of the reflecting surface and, on the other hand, the orientation of the solar collector relative to the reflecting surface, and for a given orientation of the device (for example north-west). South).
  • FIG. 1 shows that the arrangement of each solar collector 15, 16 relative to the corresponding reflecting surface 19, 20 is such that the solar collector is not arranged at a focal point of the reflecting surface during most collection hours. of solar energy.
  • This The arrangement of the sensor with respect to the reflective surface is inherent in the fact that there is no tracking of the sun.
  • FIG. 8 represents a device 34 which differs from the device 1 in that the support 9 is eliminated.
  • the device 34 comprises a longitudinal flat solar collector 35 which is fixed flat and on the inside of the cover 7 and whose sensitive face is turned towards the bottom of the base 2. It also comprises two symmetrical reflective elements 36 and 37 which, preferably, covers the entire bottom of the base 2.
  • the sensitive face of the longitudinal solar collector 35 is arranged above the longitudinal junction region of the first and second reflective surfaces 36, 37.
  • the reflective surfaces of the elements 36 and 37 are formed so as to reflect the solar radiation passing through the cover 7, towards the solar collector 35. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of various other variants. In particular, the forms of reflective surfaces optimized to obtain an angle of incidence as small as possible during at least certain periods of the day and certain days of the year are not limited to the examples described above. Various alternative embodiments of the reflective surfaces may be provided by those skilled in the art using optical design and simulation computer tools, without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for collecting solar radiation without guiding the orientation thereof relative to the sun position, the device including at least one photovoltaic solar sensor (15, 16) having a surface sensitive to the solar radiation, at least one reflecting surface (19, 20) for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive surface of the sensor, and means (7, 10, 11, 12) for maintaining the solar sensor that determines an orientation and an inclination of the sensitive surface of the sensor relative to the reflecting surface (19, 20). According to the invention, the reflecting surface (19, 20) is conformed so that, during at least certain periods of the day and at least certain days of the year, the solar radiation reflected by the reflecting surface reaches the sensitive surface of the solar sensor at the smallest possible angle of incidence when the device is arranged according to a predetermined orientation.

Description

Dispositif destiné à la captation du rayonnement solaire Device for capturing solar radiation
La présente invention concerne le domaine des dispositifs destinés à la captation du rayonnement solaire. Les dispositifs couramment utilisés actuellement sont agencés en panneaux intégrant à plat des capteurs solaires transformant l' énergie solaire en énergie électrique. La capacité de captation et donc le rendement électrique de tels panneaux sont directement fonction de la surface de la face sensible exposée directement au soleil des capteurs solaires et de l'orientation de cette face par rapport au rayonnement du soleil.The present invention relates to the field of devices for capturing solar radiation. The currently used devices are arranged in panels integrating solar collectors flat transforming solar energy into electrical energy. The capturing capacity and therefore the electrical efficiency of such panels are directly a function of the surface of the sensitive face exposed directly to the sun of the solar collectors and of the orientation of this face with respect to the radiation of the sun.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif destiné à la captation du rayonnement solaire, comprenant au moins un capteur solaire photovoltaïque présentant une face sensible au rayonnement solaire, au moins une surface réfléchissante pour réfléchir le rayonnement solaire vers la face sensible du capteur, et un moyen de maintien du capteur solaire déterminant l'orientation de la face sensible du capteur relativement à la surface réfléchissante.The invention more particularly relates to a device for capturing solar radiation, comprising at least one photovoltaic solar collector having a solar-sensitive face, at least one reflecting surface for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive face of the sensor, and a means for holding the solar collector determining the orientation of the sensitive face of the sensor relative to the reflecting surface.
Des dispositifs du type précité sont connus sous le vocable de "panneaux photovoltaïques à concentration". Dans un module solaire photovoltaïque, le composant le plus coûteux est le capteur photovoltaïque. L'interposition d'un dispositif concentrateur entre le soleil et le capteur permet d'utiliser un capteur photovoltaïque de plus faible surface, au bénéfice du prix de revient du module. La concentration est généralement obtenue, dans l'état de la technique, par un système de miroirs paraboliques avec traçage solaire.Devices of the aforementioned type are known under the term "concentrated photovoltaic panels". In a photovoltaic solar module, the most expensive component is the photovoltaic sensor. The interposition of a concentrator device between the sun and the sensor makes it possible to use a photovoltaic sensor of smaller surface area, for the benefit of the cost price of the module. The concentration is generally obtained, in the state of the art, by a system of parabolic mirrors with solar tracing.
L'inconvénient des panneaux photovoltaïques à concentration est que l'angle d'incidence de la lumière solaire doit être très faible de sorte que de tels panneaux ne fonctionnent correctement qu'avec un système de guidage relativement à la course du soleil, généralement appelé "solar tracking", soit un "traçage solaire" ou "suivi solaire", de manière que les panneaux restent perpendiculaires aux rayons du soleil réfléchis. Le brevet US 2 919 298 propose par exemple de prévoir une pluralité de miroirs paraboloïdes en forme de cuvettes ("cup shaped") ayant un seul point focal et nécessitant impérativement en raison de la forme de ces cuvettes et de leur point focal unique un système de guidage relativement au soleil afin que la lumière solaire arrive à la verticale des cuvettes, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1 de ce document.The disadvantage of concentrated photovoltaic panels is that the angle of incidence of sunlight must be very small so that such panels do not work properly with a guidance system relative to the sun's path, generally called " solar tracking ", either a" solar tracking "or" solar tracking ", so that the panels remain perpendicular to the sun's reflected rays. For example, US Pat. No. 2,919,298 proposes to provide a plurality of cup-shaped paraboloid mirrors ("cup shaped"). having a single focal point and requiring imperatively due to the shape of these cuvettes and their unique focal point a guidance system relative to the sun so that the sunlight arrives at the vertical of the cuvettes, as shown in Figure 1 of this document.
Le brevet américain US 4 337 758 décrit également un dispositif photovoltaïque équipé d'un miroir paraboloïde à surface complexe nécessitant un guidage relativement au soleil (Cf. col. 10, lignes 47-50). Le brevet européen EP 347 443 décrit également un module solaire à miroirs multiples et capteurs solaires multiples de type "double face", les miroirs étant en forme de rigoles de profil parabolique et nécessitant ainsi, pour être efficaces, que la lumière solaire présente un angle d'incidence faible relativement au module solaire.US Pat. No. 4,337,758 also discloses a photovoltaic device equipped with a paraboloid mirror with a complex surface requiring guidance relative to the sun (see Col. 10, lines 47-50). The European patent EP 347 443 also describes a solar module with multiple mirrors and multiple solar collectors of "double-sided" type, the mirrors being in the form of parabolic profile channels and thus requiring, in order to be effective, that the sunlight has an angle low incidence relative to the solar module.
La demande de brevet japonais JP 2001 127331 décrit également un panneau solaire comprenant des capteurs solaires double face dont la face inférieure reçoit un rayonnement solaire réfléchi par des réflecteurs plats (Fig. Ib) ou en forme de cuvette (Fig. 3). Comme précédemment, un tel panneau solaire nécessite une orientation contrôlée et doit recevoir la lumière solaire perpendiculairement à sa surface pour offrir un rendement énergétique satisfaisant.Japanese patent application JP 2001 127331 also discloses a solar panel comprising double-sided solar collectors whose lower face receives solar radiation reflected by flat reflectors (Fig Ib) or cup-shaped (Fig 3). As before, such a solar panel requires a controlled orientation and must receive sunlight perpendicular to its surface to provide satisfactory energy efficiency.
Enfin, la demande de brevet canadienne CA 2 428 578 décrit également un dispositif comportant un réflecteur en aluminium de forme concave paraboloïde qui est presque entièrement recouvert de cellules photovoltaïques double face de forme pyramidale. Le rayonnement solaire ne peut pénétrer dans la cuvette réflectrice que par les bords du dispositif, qui sont à cet effet équipés d'un filet de mercure réfléchissant.Finally, the Canadian patent application CA 2,428,578 also discloses a device comprising a dish-shaped aluminum paraboloidal reflector which is almost entirely covered with pyramidal-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells. Solar radiation can penetrate into the reflective bowl only through the edges of the device, which for this purpose are equipped with a reflective mercury net.
L'invention vise plus particulièrement un dispositif photovoltaïque utilisant une surface réfléchissante, qui soit utilisable sans guidage de son orientation relativement à la position du soleil. Un mode de réalisation de l'invention prévoit ainsi un dispositif destiné à la captation du rayonnement solaire sans guidage de son orientation relativement à la position du soleil, le dispositif comprenant au moins un capteur solaire photovoltaïque présentant une face sensible au rayonnement solaire, au moins une surface réfléchissante pour réfléchir le rayonnement solaire vers la face sensible du capteur, et un moyen de maintien du capteur solaire déterminant une orientation et une inclinaison de la face sensible du capteur relativement à la surface réfléchissante, dans lequel la surface réfléchissante est conformée de manière que, au moins pendant certaines périodes d'une journée et au moins pendant certaines journées de l'année, des rayons solaires réfléchis par la surface réfléchissante atteignent la face sensible du capteur solaire avec un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible lorsque le dispositif est agencé de manière fixe relativement à la terre, selon une orientation déterminée. Selon un mode de réalisation, le capteur solaire est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante est conformée de manière que, au moins pendant certaines périodes d'une journée et au moins pendant certaines journées de l'année, des rayons solaires réfléchis atteignent la face sensible du capteur solaire avec un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible pour une orientation approximativement Nord-Sud de l'axe longitudinal du capteur solaire.The invention is more particularly a photovoltaic device using a reflective surface, which can be used without guiding its orientation relative to the position of the sun. An embodiment of the invention thus provides a device for capturing solar radiation without guiding its orientation relative to the position of the sun, the device comprising at least one photovoltaic solar collector having a face sensitive to solar radiation, at least a reflective surface for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive face of the sensor, and a means for holding the solar collector determining an orientation and inclination of the sensitive face of the sensor relative to the reflective surface, wherein the reflective surface is shaped such that, at least during certain periods of a day and at least during certain days during the year, solar rays reflected by the reflective surface reach the sensitive face of the solar collector with an angle of incidence as small as possible when the device is arranged fixedly relative to the earth, in a determined orientation. According to one embodiment, the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflective surface is shaped so that, at least during certain periods of a day and at least during certain days of the year, reflected solar rays reach the face. sensitive solar collector with as small an angle of incidence as possible for an approximately north-south orientation of the longitudinal axis of the solar collector.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le capteur solaire est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante présente, dans un plan de coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du capteur, un premier profil n'ayant aucun axe de symétrie vertical.According to one embodiment, the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface has, in a sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a first profile having no vertical axis of symmetry.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le capteur solaire est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante présente, dans un plan de coupe longitudinale parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du capteur, un second profil n'ayant aucun axe de symétrie vertical. Selon un mode de réalisation, la face sensible du capteur solaire s'étend au dessus d'un bord longitudinal de la surface réfléchissante avec un angle d'inclinaison déterminé.According to one embodiment, the solar collector is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface has, in a longitudinal sectional plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a second profile having no vertical axis of symmetry. According to one embodiment, the sensitive face of the solar collector extends above a longitudinal edge of the reflecting surface with a determined angle of inclination.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le capteur solaire est de forme longitudinale, le dispositif comprenant un première et un seconde surfaces réfléchissantes agencées symétriquement relativement à un plan longitudinal du dispositif.According to one embodiment, the solar collector is of longitudinal shape, the device comprising first and second reflective surfaces arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane of the device.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la face sensible du capteur solaire est agencée au dessus d'une région de jonction longitudinale des première et seconde surfaces réfléchissantes. Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend un premier et un second capteurs solaires de forme longitudinale, le premier capteur solaire ayant sa face sensible orientée vers la première surface réfléchissante avec un premier angle d'inclinaison, le second capteur solaire ayant sa face sensible orientée vers la seconde surface réfléchissante avec un second angle d'inclinaison.According to one embodiment, the sensitive face of the solar collector is arranged above a longitudinal junction region of the first and second reflective surfaces. According to one embodiment, the device comprises a first and a second longitudinal shaped solar collectors, the first solar collector having its sensitive face oriented towards the first reflecting surface with a first inclination angle, the second solar collector having its sensitive face. oriented to the second reflective surface with a second inclination angle.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une cavité recevant la surface réfléchissante et dans lequel le capteur solaire est fixé sur un support en saillie dans la cavité. Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une cavité recevant la surface réfléchissante et un couvercle transparent au rayonnement solaire, recouvrant la cavité.According to one embodiment, the device comprises a cavity receiving the reflecting surface and in which the solar sensor is fixed on a support projecting into the cavity. According to one embodiment, the device comprises a cavity receiving the reflecting surface and a cover transparent to solar radiation, covering the cavity.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le capteur solaire est fixé sur le couvercle. Selon un mode de réalisation, la projection de la surface du capteur solaire dans un plan s'étendant au-dessus du dispositif, est comprise entre 5% et 30% de la projection de la surface réfléchissante dans le même plan.According to one embodiment, the solar collector is fixed on the cover. According to one embodiment, the projection of the surface of the solar collector in a plane extending above the device is between 5% and 30% of the projection of the reflecting surface in the same plane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend des moyens de fixation à au moins un autre dispositif adjacent ou de fixation à une structure.According to one embodiment, the device comprises means for fixing to at least one other device adjacent or attachment to a structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend des moyens de connexion électrique pour relier le capteur solaire à l' extérieur du dispositif. La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l 'étude d'exemples de réalisation de dispositifs destinés à la captation du rayonnement solaire, décrits à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins sur lesquels :According to one embodiment, the device comprises electrical connection means for connecting the solar sensor to the outside of the device. The present invention will be better understood in the study of exemplary embodiments of devices for capturing solar radiation, described by way of nonlimiting examples and illustrated by the drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente une coupe transversale d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention ;- Figure 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a device according to the invention;
- la figure 2 représente une coupe transversale agrandie de la partie centrale du dispositif de la figure 1 ;- Figure 2 shows an enlarged cross section of the central portion of the device of Figure 1;
- la figure 3 représente une vue de dessus du dispositif de la figure 1 ;FIG. 3 represents a view from above of the device of FIG. 1;
- la figure 4 représente une coupe transversale agrandie d'une partie latérale du dispositif de la figure 1 ; - la figure 5 représente une coupe longitudinale selon V-V du dispositif de la figure 1 ;FIG. 4 represents an enlarged cross section of a lateral part of the device of FIG. 1; - Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section along VV of the device of Figure 1;
- la figure 6 représente une variante de fixation du dispositif de la figureFIG. 6 represents a variant of attachment of the device of FIG.
I ; - la figure 7 représente une variante de réalisation du dispositif de la figure 1 ; etI; FIG. 7 represents an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG. 1; and
- la figure 8 représente une coupe transversale d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.- Figure 8 shows a cross section of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
En se reportant aux figures 1 à 5, on peut voir qu'on a représenté un dispositif 1 destiné à la captation du rayonnement solaire, qui comprend une embase 2 en forme de cuvette parallélépipédique qui présente un fond 3 et une paroi périphérique 4 qui présente deux côtés longitudinaux opposées 5 et deux côtés transversaux opposés 6, et qui comprend un couvercle plat rectangulaire 7 dont le bord périphérique est fixé sur le bord périphérique de la paroi périphérique 4, de préférence de façon étanche, de telle sorte que l'embase 2 et le couvercle 7 délimitent une cavité 8.Referring to Figures 1 to 5, it can be seen that there is shown a device 1 for capturing solar radiation, which comprises a base 2 in the form of parallelepipedic bowl which has a bottom 3 and a peripheral wall 4 which has two opposite longitudinal sides 5 and two opposite transverse sides 6, and which comprises a rectangular flat cover 7 whose peripheral edge is fixed on the peripheral edge of the peripheral wall 4, preferably sealingly, so that the base 2 and the cover 7 delimit a cavity 8.
Le couvercle 7 est en une matière transparente au rayonnement solaire, par exemple en verre ou en une matière plastique. Le dispositif 1 comprend un support longitudinal 9 en saillie dans la cavité 8, qui est fixé sur la partie médiane longitudinale du fond 3 de la cuvette 2 et qui comprend une plaque rectangulaire 10 qui s'étend vers le couvercle 7 et deux ailes rectangulaires longitudinales opposées symétriques 1 1 et 12 fixées en long sur le bord libre de la plaque 10. Ces ailes s'étendent, longitudinalement, approximativement jusqu'aux côtés transversaux opposés 6 de l 'embase 2 et, transversalement, en direction des côtés longitudinaux opposés 5 de cette embase 2 en étant inclinées vers le couvercle 7 à partir du bord libre de la plaque 10.The lid 7 is made of a material that is transparent to solar radiation, for example glass or a plastic material. The device 1 comprises a longitudinal support 9 projecting into the cavity 8, which is fixed on the longitudinal central part of the bottom 3 of the bowl 2 and which comprises a rectangular plate 10 which extends towards the cover 7 and two longitudinal rectangular wings symmetrical oppositions 1 1 and 12 fixed lengthwise on the free edge of the plate 10. These wings extend, longitudinally, approximately to the opposite transverse sides 6 of the base 2 and, transversely, towards the opposite longitudinal sides 5 of this base 2 being inclined towards the cover 7 from the free edge of the plate 10.
Le dispositif 1 comprend des capteurs solaires plats longitudinaux 15 et 16 qui sont fixés sur les faces intérieures 13 et 14 des ailes inclinées 1 1 et 12, opposées au couvercle 7, ces capteurs comprenant des modules photovoltaïques présentant des faces sensibles au rayonnement solaire orientées vers l'intérieur et présentant les inclinaisons des ailesThe device 1 comprises longitudinal flat solar collectors 15 and 16 which are fixed on the inner faces 13 and 14 of the inclined flanges 1 1 and 12, opposite to the cover 7, these sensors comprising photovoltaic modules having faces sensitive to solar radiation oriented towards inside and presenting the inclinations of the wings
I I et 12. Le dispositif 1 comprend deux éléments 17 et 18 qui sont fixés à l ' embase 2 au fond de la cavité 8 et qui occupent en largeur et en longueur les espaces entre la plaque 10 et la paroi périphérique 4 de l' embase 2. Ces éléments 17 et 18 présentent des surfaces frontales 19 et 20 réfléchissantes qui sont situées à distance du couvercle 7 et des capteurs 15 et 16.II and 12. The device 1 comprises two elements 17 and 18 which are fixed to the base 2 at the bottom of the cavity 8 and which occupy in width and in length the spaces between the plate 10 and the peripheral wall 4 of the base 2. These elements 17 and 18 have front surfaces 19 and 20 reflecting which are located at a distance from the cover 7 and the sensors 15 and 16.
Ces surfaces frontales réfléchissantes 19 et 20 sont formées de façon à réfléchir au moins en partie le rayonnement solaire traversant le couvercle 7, respectivement vers les faces sensibles des capteurs 15 et 16. Ces surfaces frontales réfléchissantes 19 et 20 sont de préférence symétriques par rapport à la plaque 10 du support 9, pour ainsi placer le plan longitudinal du dispositif approximativement dans un plan passant par les pôles Nord et Sud de la terre. De préférence, la forme des surfaces frontales réfléchissantes 19 etThese reflective front surfaces 19 and 20 are formed so as to reflect at least partly the solar radiation passing through the cover 7, respectively to the sensitive faces of the sensors 15 and 16. These reflective front surfaces 19 and 20 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the plate 10 of the support 9, to thus place the longitudinal plane of the device approximately in a plane passing through the north and south poles of the earth. Preferably, the shape of the reflective front surfaces 19 and
20 est adaptée pour que les angles d'incidence des rayons solaires réfléchis atteignant les faces sensibles des capteurs 15 et 16 soient, dans une certaine mesure, pour au moins certaines périodes de la journée et/ou de l'année, aussi petits que possible. La largeur des ailes 1 1 et 12, en projection sur le couvercle 7, soit en projection sur un plan s'étendant au-dessus du dispositif, peut être comprise entre cinq et trente pour cent de la largeur de la cavité 8. En conséquence, la surface des capteurs solaires 15 et 16 est approximativement dans la même proportion par rapport à la surface des projections des surfaces réfléchissantes 19 et 20 sur le couvercle 7.20 is adapted so that the angles of incidence of the reflected solar rays reaching the sensitive faces of the sensors 15 and 16 are, to a certain extent, for at least certain periods of the day and / or year, as small as possible . The width of the wings 1 1 and 12, in projection on the cover 7, or in projection on a plane extending above the device, may be between five and thirty percent of the width of the cavity 8. Consequently, , the surface of the solar collectors 15 and 16 is approximately in the same proportion with respect to the surface of the projections of the reflective surfaces 19 and 20 on the cover 7.
Le dispositif 1 comprend des moyens de connexion électrique vers l' extérieur des capteurs solaires 15 et 16, qui comprennent des fils électriques 21 qui s'étendent le long du support 9 et qui sortent vers l'extérieur en passant au travers d'un orifice 3a du fond 3 de l'embase 2. Selon une variante d' exécution, l' embase 2 peut être en une tôle métallique qui ne s'oxyde pas ou qui est protégée contre l 'oxydation et le couvercle 7 peut être fixé sur l'embase 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint périphérique 22, collant et étanche. On peut remarquer que la cavité 8 est étanche et uniquement reliée à l'extérieur ou à l' air libre par l'orifice arrière 3a de passage des fils électriques 21. Les éléments 17 et 18 peuvent être constitués par des blocs par exemple en une matière plastique en mousse, recouverts d'une couche ou d'une feuille par exemple métallique et les surfaces réfléchissantes 19 et 20 peuvent être constituées par cette couche ou cette feuille par un dépôt sur ces dernières d'une couche d'une matière réfléchissante telle que de l'argent, de l'aluminium ou du zinc.The device 1 comprises electrical connection means to the outside of the solar collectors 15 and 16, which comprise electrical wires 21 which extend along the support 9 and which exit outwards through an orifice 3a of the bottom 3 of the base 2. According to an alternative embodiment, the base 2 may be of a metal sheet which does not oxidize or which is protected against oxidation and the cover 7 can be fixed on the base 2 via a peripheral seal 22, sticky and waterproof. It may be noted that the cavity 8 is sealed and only connected to the outside or to the open air through the rear opening 3a through which the electrical wires 21 pass. The elements 17 and 18 may be constituted by blocks for example of a plastic foam material, covered with a layer or sheet for example metallic and the reflecting surfaces 19 and 20 may be constituted by this layer or sheet by a deposit on the latter of a layer of a reflective material such as silver, aluminum or zinc.
Il résulte de ce qui précède que le dispositif 1 peut constituer avantageusement un élément de construction. Les blocs ci-dessus peuvent être collés sur le fond 3 de l'embase 2. Comme le montre en particulier la figure 4, grâce à des moyens connus dans la construction, tels que par exemple des pattes 23 et des vis 24, le fond 3 de l'embase 2 du dispositif 1 peut être fixé sur une structure support arrière 25. De même, deux dispositifs 1 peuvent être accouplés par des moyens connus dans la construction, tels que par exemple des pattes 26 et des vis 27 permettant de relier leurs bords périphériques adj acents. On peut ainsi réaliser à volonté des panneaux constitués de plusieurs dispositifs 1.It follows from the foregoing that the device 1 may advantageously constitute a construction element. The above blocks can be glued on the bottom 3 of the base 2. As shown in particular in Figure 4, by means known in the construction, such as for example legs 23 and screws 24, the bottom 3 of the base 2 of the device 1 can be fixed on a rear support structure 25. Similarly, two devices 1 can be coupled by means known in the construction, such as for example legs 26 and screws 27 to connect their adjoining peripheral edges. It is thus possible to produce panels consisting of several devices 1 at will.
Comme le montre la figure 6, on peut en outre former des pattes 23a telles que deux rangées de dispositifs 1 soient parallèles et non situées dans un même plan afin d' adapter leur orientation par rapport à une structure support particulière pour se rapprocher de la meilleure orientation par rapport au rayonnement lumineux.As shown in FIG. 6, tabs 23a may further be formed such that two rows of devices 1 are parallel and not located in the same plane in order to adapt their orientation with respect to a particular support structure so as to be closer to the best orientation with respect to the light radiation.
Selon la variante représentée sur la figure 7, les éléments 17 et 18 sont remplacés par des plaques formées 28 dont les bords périphériques sont fixés à plat sur la paroi intérieure de l'embase 2 et sur le support 9 par exemple par des vis 29. Ces plaques formées 28 et 29 peuvent être par exemple métalliques ou en une matière plastique rigide et leurs surfaces réfléchissantes 28a peuvent être constituées par un dépôt sur ces dernières d'une couche d'une matière réfléchissante telle que de l'argent, de l' aluminium ou du zinc.According to the variant shown in FIG. 7, the elements 17 and 18 are replaced by shaped plates 28 whose peripheral edges are fixed flat on the inner wall of the base 2 and on the support 9, for example by screws 29. These formed plates 28 and 29 may for example be metallic or of a rigid plastic material and their reflecting surfaces 28a may be constituted by a deposit on the latter of a layer of a reflective material such as silver, aluminum or zinc.
Il résulte de ce qui précède et notamment de la vue en coupe transversale de la figure 1 et de la vue en coupe longitudinale selon V-V de la figure 5, que le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit du dispositif 1 selon l'invention est équivalent à la juxtaposition de deux "demi-dispositifs" agencés côte à côte, un premier demi-dispositif comprenant le capteur solaire 15 et la surface réfléchissante 19, un second demi-dispositif comprenant le capteur solaire 16 et la surface réfléchissante 20. Les deux surfaces réfléchissantes 19, 20 sont en effet agencées symétriquement relativement à un plan longitudinal du dispositif (matérialisé ici par la plaque rectangulaire verticale 10), et la face sensible de chaque capteur solaire 15, 16 s'étend ici au dessus d'un bord longitudinal de la surface réfléchissante correspondante 19, 20 avec un angle d'inclinaison qui est déterminé par l'orientation des ailes 1 1 et 12. Comme cela a été indiqué plus haut, chaque surface réfléchissanteIt follows from the foregoing and in particular from the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 and the longitudinal sectional view along VV of FIG. 5, that the embodiment which has just been described of the device 1 according to the invention is equivalent to the juxtaposition of two "half-devices" arranged side by side, a first half-device comprising the solar collector 15 and the reflecting surface 19, a second half-device comprising the solar collector 16 and the reflective surface 20. The two reflecting surfaces 19, 20 are in fact arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane of the device (here represented by the vertical rectangular plate 10), and the sensitive face of each solar collector 15, 16 extends here above a longitudinal edge of the corresponding reflecting surface 19, 20 with an angle of inclination which is determined by the orientation wings 1 1 and 12. As mentioned above, each reflective surface
19, respectivement 20, est conformée de manière que, au moins pendant certaines périodes d'une journée et certaines journées de l'année, des rayons solaires réfléchis par la surface réfléchissante atteignent la face sensible du capteur correspondant 15, respectivement 16, avec un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible lorsque le dispositif est agencé selon une orientation déterminée, par exemple l'orientation Nord-Sud de son axe longitudinal tel qu'indiqué ci-dessus.19, respectively 20, is shaped so that, at least during certain periods of a day and certain days of the year, solar rays reflected by the reflective surface reach the sensitive face of the corresponding sensor 15, respectively 16, with a angle of incidence as small as possible when the device is arranged in a specific orientation, for example the north-south orientation of its longitudinal axis as indicated above.
Conformément aux propriétés des capteurs photovoltaïques, une telle optimisation de chaque surface réfléchissante 19, 20, pour réduire autant que possible l'angle d'incidence des rayons lumineux du soleil relativement à la face sensible de chaque capteur 15, 16, assure un meilleur rendement énergétique des capteurs. On désigne ici par "meilleur rendement énergétique" le fait qu'une plus grande énergie électrique est fournie par le capteur par unité de surface photovoltaïque pendant les périodes privilégiées de la journée et de l'année (périodes pour lesquelles les surfaces réfléchissantes ont été optimisées), par rapport à un capteur qui serait agencé en regard d'une surface réfléchissante de type paraboloïde non optimisée pour une utilisation sans guidage du dispositif relativement à la course du soleil. En d'autres termes, la présente invention prévoit d'optimiser globalement l'énergie annuelle fournie par le capteur, soit la somme de toutes les puissances électriques fournies U(t)*I(t) par le capteur, au lieu de rechercher l'obtention d'une puissance fournie U(t)*I(t) qui soit maximale dans des conditions d'utilisation optimales nécessitant un suivi de la course du soleil. Ainsi, le dispositif 1 présente un prix de revient inférieur à un panneau solaire conventionnel, puisque la surface du capteur photovoltaïque ne représente que 5% à 30% de surface photovoltaïque coûteuse, par comparaison avec à la surface photosensible d'un capteur sans concentration conventionnel.According to the properties of the photovoltaic sensors, such an optimization of each reflecting surface 19, 20, to reduce as much as possible the angle of incidence of the sun's light rays relative to the sensitive face of each sensor 15, 16, provides a better performance energy sensors. Here, the term "better energy efficiency" means that more electrical energy is supplied by the sensor per unit of photovoltaic area during the preferred periods of the day and of the year (periods for which the reflective surfaces have been optimized ), with respect to a sensor that would be arranged opposite a paraboloid-type reflective surface that is not optimized for use without guiding the device relative to the path of the sun. In other words, the present invention provides overall optimization of the annual energy supplied by the sensor, ie the sum of all the electric powers supplied U (t) * I (t) by the sensor, instead of looking for the obtaining a maximum power output U (t) * I (t) under optimum operating conditions requiring tracking of the sun's path. Thus, the device 1 has a cost price lower than a conventional solar panel, since the surface of the photovoltaic sensor represents only 5% to 30% of expensive photovoltaic surface, compared with the photosensitive surface of a sensor without conventional concentration .
Plus particulièrement, on optimise la forme de chaque surface réfléchissante 19, 20 en calculant l'intégrale de la puissance collectée pendant des périodes déterminées de la journée et des journées déterminées de l'année, de manière que le résultat de cette intégrale, à savoir l'énergie électrique collectée, soit maximisé, c'est-à-dire proche d'un maxima. La référence du maxima pour cette optimisation, en termes d'énergie annuelle, est par exemple l'énergie annuelle fournie par un capteur solaire plat conventionnel ayant la même inclinaison et orientation que le dispositif selon l'invention, et de même surface que la surface de l'embase du dispositif (surface occupée).More particularly, the shape of each reflective surface 19, 20 is optimized by calculating the integral of the power collected during given periods of the day and the particular days of the year, so that the result of this integral, namely the collected electrical energy is maximized, that is to say close to a maximum. The maximum reference for this optimization, in terms of annual energy, is, for example, the annual energy supplied by a conventional flat solar collector having the same inclination and orientation as the device according to the invention, and of the same surface as the surface. the base of the device (occupied area).
La surface réfléchissante obtenue 19, 20 est une forme non- parabolique du fait que les angles entre rayon réfléchi et capteur solaire changent à tout moment (à chaque heure et pendant toute l 'année). Elle ne présente pas de point focal unique, mais une multiplicité de points focaux, tout en assurant une fonction globale ou "statistique" de concentration de la lumière solaire (moyenne annuelle), et ce pour une orientation donnée du dispositif 1 relativement à la terre et pour une orientation et une inclinaison déterminées du capteur solaire correspondant 15, 16 relativement à la surface réfléchissante. Comme on le voit sur la figure 1 , il résulte de cette optimisation que chaque surface réfléchissante 19, 20 peut présenter, dans un plan de coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du capteur, un premier profil n'ayant aucun axe de symétrie vertical (la verticalité étant déterminée par rapport au plan de pose de l'embase 2, lequel peut ne pas être horizontal en pratique bien que représenté horizontal sur la figure 1 ). Si l'axe d'orientation longitudinal du dispositif 1 retenu au moment de la conception des surfaces réfléchissantes 19, 20 est par exemple l'axe sud- nord, comme indiqué plus haut, la surface réfléchissante 19 peut par exemple être optimisée pour renvoyer vers le capteur solaire 15, avec un angle d'incidence le plus petit possible, le rayonnement solaire émis par le soleil lorsque celui-ci se trouve orienté à l'ouest ou au sud-ouest (soit l'après-midi dans l'hémisphère nord), comme cela apparaît sur la figure 1. Réciproquement, la surface réfléchissante 20 peut être optimisée pour renvoyer vers le capteur solaire 16, avec un angle d'incidence le plus petit possible, le rayonnement solaire émis par le soleil lorsque celui-ci se trouve orienté à l'est ou au sud-est (soit le matin dans l'hémisphère nord), comme cela apparaît également sur la figure 1.The resulting reflecting surface 19, 20 is a non - parabolic shape because the angles between reflected beam and solar collector change at any time (every hour and throughout the year). It does not have a single focal point, but a multiplicity of focal points, while ensuring a global or "statistical" function of concentration of the sunlight (annual average), and this for a given orientation of the device 1 relative to the earth and for a determined orientation and inclination of the corresponding solar collector 15, 16 relative to the reflecting surface. As can be seen in FIG. 1, it follows from this optimization that each reflecting surface 19, 20 may have, in a section plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a first profile having no vertical axis of symmetry ( the verticality being determined relative to the laying plane of the base 2, which may not be horizontal in practice although shown horizontal in Figure 1). If the longitudinal orientation axis of the device 1 retained at the time of the design of the reflecting surfaces 19, 20 is for example the south-north axis, as indicated above, the reflecting surface 19 may for example be optimized to return to the solar collector 15, with the smallest possible angle of incidence, the solar radiation emitted by the sun when it is oriented to the west or southwest (ie the afternoon in the northern hemisphere), as shown in Figure 1. Conversely, the reflecting surface 20 can be optimized for send back to the solar collector 16, with the smallest possible angle of incidence, the solar radiation emitted by the sun when it is oriented east or south-east (ie in the morning in the northern hemisphere ), as also appears in Figure 1.
L'optimisation de chaque surface réfléchissante 19, 20 peut aussi avoir pour conséquence que chaque surface réfléchissante présente également, dans un plan de coupe longitudinal parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du capteur tel que le plan de coupe V-V, un profil dépourvu d'axe de symétrie vertical (relativement au plan de pose de l'embase 2), visant à optimiser le rendement énergétique en tenant compte du fait que l'angle du soleil à midi est différent selon les saisons. Par ailleurs, l'homme de l'art comprendra qu'une telle optimisation de chaque surface réfléchissante doit être faite en tenant compte de la position et de l'orientation du capteur solaire 15, 16 relativement à la surface réfléchissante à optimiser 19, 20. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 5, chaque capteur solaire présente une inclinaison déterminée, imposée par l'agencement des ailes 1 1 et 12. Dans un mode de réalisation décrit plus loin, l'angle d'inclinaison est différent d'où il résulte que la forme optimisée des surfaces réfléchissantes peut être différente.The optimization of each reflecting surface 19, 20 can also have the consequence that each reflecting surface also has, in a longitudinal section plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor such as the section plane VV, a profile devoid of axis. vertical symmetry (relative to the laying plan of the base 2), to optimize energy efficiency taking into account that the angle of the sun at noon is different according to the seasons. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that such optimization of each reflecting surface must be made taking into account the position and orientation of the solar collector 15, 16 relative to the reflecting surface to be optimized 19, 20 In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, each solar sensor has a determined inclination imposed by the arrangement of the wings 1 1 and 12. In an embodiment described below, the angle of inclination is different from which it follows that the optimized shape of the reflective surfaces may be different.
En pratique, divers agencements de chaque capteur solaire relativement à la surface réfléchissante correspondante peuvent être prévus pour faciliter l'optimisation de la surface réfléchissante. L'optimisation concerne donc un couple de paramètres comprenant d'une part la forme de la surface réfléchissante et d'autre part l'orientation du capteur solaire relativement à la surface réfléchissante, et ce pour une orientation donnée du dispositif (par exemple nord-sud). La figure 1 montre que l'agencement de chaque capteur solaire 15, 16 relativement à la surface réfléchissante correspondante 19, 20 est telle que le capteur solaire n'est pas agencé en un point focal de la surface réfléchissante pendant la plupart des heures de collecte d'énergie solaire. Cet agencement du capteur relativement à la surface réfléchissante est inhérent au fait qu'il n'y a pas de suivi du soleil.In practice, various arrangements of each solar collector relative to the corresponding reflective surface may be provided to facilitate the optimization of the reflective surface. The optimization therefore relates to a pair of parameters comprising, on the one hand, the shape of the reflecting surface and, on the other hand, the orientation of the solar collector relative to the reflecting surface, and for a given orientation of the device (for example north-west). South). FIG. 1 shows that the arrangement of each solar collector 15, 16 relative to the corresponding reflecting surface 19, 20 is such that the solar collector is not arranged at a focal point of the reflecting surface during most collection hours. of solar energy. This The arrangement of the sensor with respect to the reflective surface is inherent in the fact that there is no tracking of the sun.
La figure 8 représente un dispositif 34 qui se différencie du dispositif 1 par le fait que le support 9 est supprimé. Le dispositif 34 comprend un capteur solaire plat longitudinal 35 qui est fixé à plat et sur la face intérieure du couvercle 7 et dont la face sensible est tournée du côté du fond de l'embase 2. Il comprend également deux éléments réfléchissants symétriques 36 et 37 qui, de préférence, recouvrent tout le fond de l' embase 2. Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation, la face sensible du capteur solaire longitudinal 35 est agencée au-dessus de la région de jonction longitudinale des première et seconde surfaces réfléchissantes 36, 37. Conformément au mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1 , il serait également possible de prévoir deux capteurs solaires, chacun étant agencé longitudinalement au-dessus d'un bord longitudinal de l'une des surfaces réfléchissantes.FIG. 8 represents a device 34 which differs from the device 1 in that the support 9 is eliminated. The device 34 comprises a longitudinal flat solar collector 35 which is fixed flat and on the inside of the cover 7 and whose sensitive face is turned towards the bottom of the base 2. It also comprises two symmetrical reflective elements 36 and 37 which, preferably, covers the entire bottom of the base 2. Thus, in this embodiment, the sensitive face of the longitudinal solar collector 35 is arranged above the longitudinal junction region of the first and second reflective surfaces 36, 37. According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it would also be possible to provide two solar collectors, each being arranged longitudinally over a longitudinal edge of one of the reflecting surfaces.
Comme précédemment, les surfaces réfléchissantes des éléments 36 et 37 sont formées de façon à réfléchir le rayonnement solaire traversant le couvercle 7, vers le capteur solaire 35. II apparaîtra clairement à l'homme de l'art que la présente invention est susceptible de diverses autres variantes de réalisation. Notamment, les formes de surfaces réfléchissantes optimisées pour l'obtention d'un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible pendant au moins certaines périodes de la journée et certaines journées de l'année ne se limitent pas aux exemples ci-dessus décrits. Diverses variantes de réalisation des surfaces réfléchissantes peuvent être prévues par l'homme de l'art en utilisant des outils informatiques de conception et de simulation optique, sans sortir du cadre défini par les revendications annexées. As before, the reflective surfaces of the elements 36 and 37 are formed so as to reflect the solar radiation passing through the cover 7, towards the solar collector 35. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of various other variants. In particular, the forms of reflective surfaces optimized to obtain an angle of incidence as small as possible during at least certain periods of the day and certain days of the year are not limited to the examples described above. Various alternative embodiments of the reflective surfaces may be provided by those skilled in the art using optical design and simulation computer tools, without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif (1 , 34) destiné à la captation du rayonnement solaire sans guidage de son orientation relativement à la position du soleil, le dispositif comprenant au moins un capteur solaire photovoltaïque( 15, 16, 35) présentant une face sensible au rayonnement solaire, au moins une surface réfléchissante ( 19, 20, 36, 37) pour réfléchir le rayonnement solaire vers la face sensible du capteur, et un moyen (7, 10, 1 1 , 12) de maintien du capteur solaire déterminant une orientation et une inclinaison de la face sensible du capteur relativement à la surface réfléchissante (19, 20), caractérisé en ce que la surface réfléchissante ( 19, 20, 36, 37) est conformée de manière que, au moins pendant certaines périodes d'une journée et au moins pendant certaines journées de l'année, des rayons solaires réfléchis par la surface réfléchissante atteignent la face sensible du capteur solaire avec un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible lorsque le dispositif est agencé de manière fixe relativement à la terre, selon une orientation déterminée.1. Device (1, 34) for capturing solar radiation without guiding its orientation relative to the position of the sun, the device comprising at least one photovoltaic solar collector (15, 16, 35) having a solar radiation-sensitive face at least one reflecting surface (19, 20, 36, 37) for reflecting the solar radiation towards the sensitive face of the sensor, and means (7, 10, 11, 12) for holding the solar sensor determining an orientation and a inclination of the sensitive face of the sensor relative to the reflecting surface (19, 20), characterized in that the reflecting surface (19, 20, 36, 37) is shaped such that, at least during certain periods of one day and at least during certain days of the year, solar rays reflected by the reflecting surface reach the sensitive face of the solar collector with an incidence angle as small as possible when the device is old fixed in relation to the earth, in a certain orientation.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le capteur solaire ( 15, 16, 35) est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante ( 19, 20, 36, 37) est conformée de manière que, au moins pendant certaines périodes d'une journée et au moins pendant certaines journées de l 'année, des rayons solaires réfléchis atteignent la face sensible du capteur solaire avec un angle d'incidence aussi petit que possible pour une orientation approximativement Nord-Sud de l'axe longitudinal du capteur solaire.2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the solar collector (15, 16, 35) is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface (19, 20, 36, 37) is shaped so that, at least during certain periods of time. During a day and at least during certain days of the year, reflected solar rays reach the sensitive face of the solar collector with an incidence angle as small as possible for an approximately north-south orientation of the longitudinal axis of the solar collector.
3. Dispositif ( 1 , 34) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le capteur solaire (15, 16, 35) est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante ( 19, 20, 36, 37) présente, dans un plan de coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du capteur, un premier profil (Fig. 1 ) n'ayant aucun axe de symétrie vertical. 3. Device (1, 34) according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the solar collector (15, 16, 35) is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface (19, 20, 36, 37) has, in a section plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a first profile (Figure 1) having no vertical axis of symmetry.
4. Dispositif (1 , 34) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le capteur solaire ( 15, 16, 35) est de forme longitudinale et la surface réfléchissante ( 19, 20, 36, 37) présente, dans un plan de coupe longitudinale (V-V) parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du capteur, un second profil (Fig. 5) n'ayant aucun axe de symétrie vertical.4. Device (1, 34) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solar collector (15, 16, 35) is of longitudinal shape and the reflecting surface (19, 20, 36, 37) has, in a longitudinal sectional plane (VV) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor, a second profile (Figure 5) having no vertical axis of symmetry.
5. Dispositif (1 , 34) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel la face sensible du capteur solaire ( 15, 16) s'étend au dessus d'un bord longitudinal de la surface réfléchissante (19, 20) avec un angle d'inclinaison déterminé.5. Device (1, 34) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the sensitive face of the solar collector (15, 16) extends above a longitudinal edge of the reflecting surface (19, 20). with a determined angle of inclination.
6. Dispositif (1 , 34) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le capteur solaire (15, 16, 35) est de forme longitudinale, le dispositif comprenant un première ( 19, 36) et un seconde (20, 37) surfaces réfléchissantes agencées symétriquement relativement à un plan longitudinal (10) du dispositif.6. Device (1, 34) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solar collector (15, 16, 35) is of longitudinal shape, the device comprising a first (19, 36) and a second (20). , 37) reflective surfaces arranged symmetrically relative to a longitudinal plane (10) of the device.
7. Dispositif (34) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la face sensible du capteur solaire (35) est agencée au dessus d'une région de jonction longitudinale des première (36) et seconde (37) surfaces réfléchissantes.7. Device (34) according to claim 6, wherein the sensitive face of the solar collector (35) is arranged above a longitudinal junction region of the first (36) and second (37) reflective surfaces.
8. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon la revendication 6, comprenant un premier ( 15) et un second (16) capteurs solaires de forme longitudinale, le premier capteur solaire (15) ayant sa face sensible orientée vers la première surface réfléchissante ( 19) avec un premier angle d'inclinaison, le second capteur solaire ( 16) ayant sa face sensible orientée vers la seconde surface réfléchissante (20) avec un second angle d'inclinaison.8. Device (1) according to claim 6, comprising a first (15) and a second (16) longitudinal-shaped solar collectors, the first solar collector (15) having its sensitive face oriented towards the first reflecting surface (19) with a first inclination angle, the second solar collector (16) having its sensitive face facing the second reflective surface (20) with a second inclination angle.
9. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant une cavité (8) recevant la surface réfléchissante (19, 20) et dans lequel le capteur solaire ( 15, 16) est fixé sur un support (9, 10, 1 1 , 12) en saillie dans la cavité (8). 9. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a cavity (8) receiving the reflecting surface (19, 20) and wherein the solar collector (15, 16) is fixed on a support (9, 10, 1 1, 12) projecting into the cavity (8).
10. Dispositif ( 1 , 34) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant une cavité (8) recevant la surface réfléchissante (19, 20, 35, 36) et un couvercle (7) transparent au rayonnement solaire, recouvrant la cavité (8).10. Device (1, 34) according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a cavity (8) receiving the reflecting surface (19, 20, 35, 36) and a cover (7) transparent to solar radiation, covering the cavity (8).
1 1. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le capteur solaire (35) est fixé sur le couvercle (7).1 1. Device according to claim 10, wherein the solar collector (35) is fixed on the cover (7).
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 1 1 , dans lequel la proj ection de la surface du capteur solaire dans un plan s'étendant au- dessus du dispositif, est comprise entre 5% et 30% de la projection de la surface réfléchissante dans le même plan.12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the proj ection of the surface of the solar collector in a plane extending above the device, is between 5% and 30% of the projection of the reflective surface in the same plane.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant des moyens (23 , 26) de fixation à au moins un autre dispositif adjacent ou de fixation à une structure.13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, comprising means (23, 26) for attachment to at least one other device adjacent or attachment to a structure.
14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 , comprenant des moyens de connexion électrique (21 ) pour relier le capteur solaire à l'extérieur du dispositif. 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, comprising electrical connection means (21) for connecting the solar collector to the outside of the device.
PCT/IB2008/002538 2007-10-02 2008-09-24 Device for collecting solar radiation WO2009044247A2 (en)

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US20100236540A1 (en) 2010-09-23
WO2009044247A3 (en) 2009-09-03

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