WO2009043303A1 - A method of stereoselectivity in the pd-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction - Google Patents

A method of stereoselectivity in the pd-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction Download PDF

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WO2009043303A1
WO2009043303A1 PCT/CN2008/072561 CN2008072561W WO2009043303A1 WO 2009043303 A1 WO2009043303 A1 WO 2009043303A1 CN 2008072561 W CN2008072561 W CN 2008072561W WO 2009043303 A1 WO2009043303 A1 WO 2009043303A1
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group
substitution reaction
allyl
catalyzed
reaction according
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Wan Bin Zhang
Fang Xie
De Long Liu
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Nippon Chemical Industrial Co Ltd
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Nippon Chemical Industrial Co Ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/01Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C211/26Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C211/28Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring having amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring by unsaturated carbon chains
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B01J31/2409Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/04Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
    • C07C209/14Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • C07C209/16Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/333Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C67/343Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/40Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
    • B01J2231/44Allylic alkylation, amination, alkoxylation or analogues
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/02Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
    • B01J2531/0261Complexes comprising ligands with non-tetrahedral chirality
    • B01J2531/0263Planar chiral ligands, e.g. derived from donor-substituted paracyclophanes and metallocenes or from substituted arenes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/824Palladium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07Optical isomers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process in the field of chemical engineering, and in particular to a stereoselective process for the preparation of a Pd-catalyzed allyl substitution reaction. Background technique
  • the stereoscopic factors of the ligand have a great influence on the absolute configuration and the size of the enantioselectivity of the product.
  • the common method is to synthesize two ligands with opposite configurations. Due to the asymmetry of nature itself, the chiral source of one configuration is often sufficient, but the other configuration is difficult to obtain, which makes the application of this method have great limitations. Therefore, chemists have been working to achieve enantioselective inversion by changing other factors while the original ligand configuration (chiral skeleton) is unchanged.
  • simple structural modification of the original chiral ligand is one of the more meaningful methods, and its operation is simple, and it is convenient to predict the stereo configuration of the product, and the screening range is wide.
  • the product of the invention has better predictability and simple operation.
  • the present invention has been achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the present invention is characterized in that, in the reaction in which a transition metal complex compound is used as a catalyst, a substitution reaction of an olefin having a leaving group at a ally site with a nucleophilic reagent, and a stereoselectivity of an allylic site is used,
  • a transition metal complex compound a Pd transition metal complex compound having a bisphosphine compound as a ligand represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) is used.
  • R 1 represents a fluorenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a group containing an amide functional group.
  • R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an acetyl group.
  • M represents an iron atom. Or helium atoms.
  • a Pd transition metal complex compound having a metallocene bisphosphine compound as a ligand in which M in the above formula is a halogen atom.
  • a Pd transition metal complex compound having a bisphosphine compound as a ligand of the above formula (1) can be used as a main product to obtain a compound having a stereo configuration of S type. Further, by using the Pd transition metal complex compound having the bisphosphine compound as the ligand of the above formula (2), a compound having a stereo configuration can be obtained as a main product.
  • the olefin is allyl acetate
  • the allylic acetate is preferably a compound represented by the formula (3).
  • R 3 and R 4 represent a fluorenyl group having a substituent or having no substituent, an aryl group having a substituent or having no substituent, and Ac represents an acetyl group.
  • the above allyl substitution reaction is an asymmetric allyl group thiolation reaction
  • the above nucleophilic reagent is preferably dimethyl malonate, further in an asymmetric allyl group.
  • the reaction it is preferred to carry out a reaction by adding N,S-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and sodium acetate.
  • the allyl substitution reaction is an asymmetric allyl amination reaction
  • the nucleophilic reagent is preferably a benzylamine.
  • the bisphosphine ligand to be used as a ligand used in the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
  • R 1 in the above formula (1) represents a linear or branched fluorenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a group having an amide functional group.
  • the thiol group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
  • the amide functional group-containing group is represented by the formula: -CONRR', wherein R and R' represent a linear or branched fluorenyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.
  • R 1 in the formula (1) particularly preferably represents a linear or branched fluorenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 in the above formula (2) represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched fluorenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an acryloyl group.
  • the mercapto group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
  • M in the above formula (1) or (2) represents an iron atom or a ruthenium atom, and among them, a ruthenium atom is particularly preferable.
  • the bisphosphine ligand represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is a known compound, and can be produced, for example, according to the following reaction mechanism (1) (refer to International Publication No. 2007/140717).
  • R 1 and M have the same meanings as defined above.
  • R 2 ' represents a fluorenyl group having a substituent or having no substituent, and Ac represents an acetyl group.
  • a halogenated allyl group or an allyl acetate is preferable, and an allyl acetate represented by the following formula (3) is particularly preferable.
  • R 3 and R 4 in the formula (3) represent a fluorenyl group having a substituent or having no substituent, an aryl group having a substituent or not having a substituent, and Ac represents an acetyl group.
  • mercapto group a linear or branched mercapto group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable.
  • aryl group a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group is preferable.
  • examples of the substituent of the above mercapto group and the aryl group include an alcohol, an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, an ether, an acyl group, and a halogen group.
  • R 3 and R 4 are the same or different. In the present invention, R 3 and R 4 are particularly preferably a phenyl group.
  • the allyl substitution reaction of the present invention can be preferably used for an asymmetric allyl group thiolation reaction or an asymmetric allyl group amination reaction. Therefore, the nucleophilic test (J is preferably a dinonanol malonate represented by the following formula (4), and an amine compound represented by the following formula (5).
  • R 5 in the above formula (4) represents a fluorenyl group having a substituent or having no substituent.
  • a linear or branched mercapto group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable.
  • the substituent of the above mercapto group may, for example, be an alcohol, an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, an ether, an acyl group or a halogen group.
  • the dinonanol malonate represented by the above formula (4) is particularly preferably dimethyl malonate.
  • R 6 and R 7 in the above formula (5) each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted group or An aryl fluorenyl group having no substituent. Further, a ring having 3 to 7 carbon atoms may be formed from R 6 and R 7 .
  • a linear or branched mercapto group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable.
  • aryl group a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group is preferable.
  • aryl group a benzyl group or a phenethyl group is preferable.
  • substituent of the group and the aryl group include an alcohol, an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, an ether, an acyl group, a halogen group and the like.
  • the amine compound represented by the above formula (5) is particularly preferably benzylamine.
  • nucleophiles are added in an amount of 1 to 4 moles, preferably 2 to 3 moles, per mole of the olefin.
  • N,S-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide may be used in combination.
  • the inorganic base sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate or the like can be used, and among them, sodium acetate is particularly preferable.
  • the N,S-bis(trimethylsilyl) acetamide (BSA) is added in an amount of 0.8 to 1.5, preferably 0.9 to 1.1, based on the molar ratio of the olefin. Further, the amount of the inorganic base added is sufficient as the amount of the catalyst.
  • the reaction of the present invention is usually carried out in the presence of a solvent.
  • the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving the raw material and has no activity on the product, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,2-dichloroethane. ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylformamide, diethyl ether or toluene.
  • the Pd catalyst used in the present invention is a Pd transition metal complex compound having a bisphosphine compound represented by the above formula (1) or (2) as a ligand.
  • Pd transition metal complex compound examples include the following ligands.
  • L in the above represents a bisphosphine ligand represented by the above formula (1) or (2).
  • a compound having a main stereo configuration of an S type can be obtained by using a Pd transition metal catalyst having a bisphosphine compound of the above formula (1) as a ligand; (2)
  • the bisphosphine compound is a ligand Pd transition metal
  • the catalyst can be obtained as a compound having a predominantly stereo configuration.
  • the chiral ligands (0.015 mmol) and [PdO/ 3 -C 3 3 ⁇ 4 )Cl] 2 (2.3 mg, 0.0063 mmol) shown in Table 2 and Table 3 were dissolved in Table 2 and Table 3 under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the in-situ catalyst was prepared by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour in a dry solvent of the kind shown (1 mL). A solution of 1,3-diphenylallyl acetate (126 mg, 0.5 mmol) and dried dry solvent (1 mL) of the type shown in Table 2 was added thereto. After 10 minutes, benzylamine (131 L, 1.5 mmol) was added, and the reaction was monitored by TLC, and the reaction was completed.

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Description

由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选择性制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种化工技术领域的方法,具体涉及一种由 Pd-催化的 烯丙基取代反应的立体选择性制造方法。 背景技术
在不对称催化反应中, 配体的立体因素对产物的绝对构型及对映 选择性的大小有着很大的影响。 要分别得到两种不同构型的产物, 常 用的方法是合成两种构型相反的配体。 由于自然界本身的不对称性, 往往一种构型的手性源很充足, 但另一种构型却很难得到, 从而使得 这一方法的应用具有很大的局限性。 因此, 化学家们一直在致力于在 原有配体的构型 (手性骨架) 不变的情况下, 通过改变其它的因素而 达到对映选择性反转的研究。 其中, 通过对原有手性配体进行简单的 结构修饰是比较有意义的方法之一, 其操作简便, 便于预测产物的立 体构型, 可筛选的范围广。
经对现有技术的文献检索发现, Moberg等人在 J. Org. Chem. (有 机化学) 2005 年第 70 卷第 9882-9891 页发表的 Conformational Preferences and Enantiodiscrimination of Phosphino-4-(l -hydroxyalkyl)- oxazoline-Metal-Olefin Complexes Resulting from an OH-Metal Hydrogen
Bond (膦 -4-G-羟基垸基:)噁唑啉金属和烯烃络合物中金属 -羟基键中氢 键导致的构象优先和对映识别的研究), 该文中提出在 4位含羟基的噁 唑啉环上的中心手性可诱导出 S构型的产物。 若将羟基保护则可能得 到 R构型的产物。 其不足在于: 产物的构型预测性较差, ee值较低, 甚至得到外消旋的产物。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种将相同手性骨 架面手性双膦配体用于 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选择性制造 方法。 本发明产物的构型预测性较好, 操作简便。 本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。 本发明的特征在于, 在将过 渡金属配位化合物用作催化剂、 由烯丙基位具有脱离基的烯烃与亲核 试剂的取代反应、 使烯丙基位具有立体选择性的反应中, 作为该过渡 金属配位化合物, 使用以下述通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 表示的以双膦化合物 作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物。
Figure imgf000004_0001
( 1 ) ( 2 )
(式中, R1表示碳原子数为 1〜4的垸基或含有酰胺官能基的基团。 R2表示氢原子、碳原子数为 1〜4的垸基或者乙酰基。 M表示铁原子或 者钌原子。)
另外, 在本发明中, 优选使用上述通式中的 M为钌原子的以茂金 属双膦化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物。
另外, 在本发明中, 通过使用上述通式 (1 ) 的以双膦化合物作为 配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物, 从而作为主要生成物而可以得到立体 构型为 S型的化合物。 并且, 通过使用上述通式 (2) 的以双膦化合物 作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物, 从而作为主要生成物而可以得到 立体构型为 型的化合物。
另外, 在本发明中, 上述烯烃是烯丙基乙酸酯, 优选该烯丙基乙 酸酯是以通式 (3 ) 表示的物质。
Figure imgf000004_0002
(式中, R3、 R4表示具有取代基的或者不具有取代基的垸基、 具 有取代基的或者不具有取代基的芳基、 Ac表示乙酰基。)
另外, 在本发明中, 上述烯丙基取代反应是不对称烯丙基位垸基 化反应, 上述亲核试剂优选是丙二酸二甲酯, 进一歩, 在不对称烯丙 基位垸基化反应中, 优选添加 N,S-双 (三甲基甲硅垸基) 乙酰胺和醋 酸钠来进行反应。 另外, 在本发明中, 上述烯丙基取代反应是不对称烯丙基位氨基 化反应, 上述亲核试剂优选是苄胺。 具体实施方式
本发明中使用的成为配体的双膦配体是以下述通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 表示的化合物。上述通式( 1 )中的 R1表示直链或支链的碳原子数为 1〜 4的垸基或含有酰胺官能基的基团。 作为该垸基可举出甲基、 乙基、 丙 基、 丁基。 该含有酰胺官能基的基团用通式: -CONRR'表示, 式中, R 以及 R'表示直链或支链的碳原子数为 1〜5的垸基、 苯基。 通式 (1 ) 中的 R1特别优选表示直链或支链的碳原子数为 1〜4的垸基。
上述通式(2) 中的 R2表示氢原子、 直链或支链的碳原子数为 1〜 4的垸基或者丙烯酰基。作为上述垸基可举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基。
上述通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 中的 M表示铁原子或钌原子, 其中特别优 选钌原子。
上述以通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 表示的双膦配体是公知化合物, 例如, 可按照下述反应机理 (1 ) 来制造 (参照国际公开第 2007/140717号小 册子)。
Reaction sheme ( 1 )
Figure imgf000005_0001
(2a) (2b)
R1ONa / R1OH R2',S04 / KOBu-f
Figure imgf000005_0002
(2c) (式中, R1以及 M的含义与上述相同。 R2'表示具有取代基的或者不具 有取代基的垸基、 Ac表示乙酰基。)
作为在本发明中使用的烯烃, 例如, 优选卤化烯丙基或烯丙基乙 酸酯, 特别优选以下述通式 (3 ) 表示的烯丙基乙酸酯。
Figure imgf000006_0001
在通式 (3 ) 中的 R3、 R4表示具有取代基的或者不具有取代基的 垸基、 具有取代基的或者不具有取代基的芳基、 Ac表示乙酰基。 作为 上述垸基,优选碳原子数为 1〜8的直链或支链的垸基。作为上述芳基, 优选苯基、 甲苯基、 二甲苯基、 萘基。 另外, 作为上述垸基以及芳基 的取代基, 可举出醇、 胺、 羧酸、 酯、 酰胺、 醚、 酰基、 卤素基等。 另外, R3、 R4相同或者不同。 在本发明中, R3、 R4特别优选是苯基。
本发明的烯丙基取代反应可优选用于不对称烯丙基位垸基化反应 或者不对称烯丙基位氨基化反应。 因此, 作为本发明中使用的亲核试 齐 (J , 优选以下述通式 (4 ) 表示的丙二酸二垸醇酯、 以下述通式 (5 ) 表示的胺化合物。
Figure imgf000006_0002
上述通式 (4) 中的 R5表示具有取代基或者不具有取代基的垸基。 作为上述垸基, 优选碳原子数为 1〜8的直链或者支链的垸基。 作为上 述垸基的取代基, 可举出醇、 胺、 羧酸、 酯、 酰胺、 醚、 酰基、 卤素 基等。 在本发明中, 以上述通式 (4)表示的丙二酸二垸醇酯特别优选 是丙二酸二甲酯。
在上述通式 (5 ) 中的 R6、 R7各自表示氢原子、 具有取代基的或 者不具有取代基的垸基、 具有取代基的或者不具有取代基的芳基、 具 有取代基的或者不具有取代基的芳垸基。 另外, 也可以由 R6、 R7形成 碳原子数为 3〜7的环。 作为上述垸基, 优选碳原子数为 1〜8的直链 或者支链的垸基。 作为上述芳基, 优选苯基、 甲苯基、 二甲苯基、 萘 基。 作为上述芳垸基, 优选苄基、 苯乙基。 另外, 作为上述垸基、 芳 基以及芳垸基的取代基, 可举出醇、 胺、 羧酸、 酯、 酰胺、 醚、 酰基、 卤素基等。 这本发明中, 以上述通式 (5 )表示的胺化合物特别优选是 苄胺。
这些亲核试剂的添加量相对于烯烃为 1〜4倍摩尔、 优选 2〜3倍 摩尔。
另外, 在将本发明应用于不对称烯丙基位垸基化反应时, 可进一 歩并用 N,S-双 (三甲基甲硅垸基) 乙酰胺 (BSA) 等其它有机或无机 碱。 作为上述无机碱, 可以使用碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、 醋酸钠、 醋酸钾等, 其中, 特别优选醋酸钠。 N,S-双(三甲基甲硅垸基) 乙酰胺(BSA) 的 添加量为, 相对于烯烃以摩尔比计, 0.8〜1.5, 优选 0.9〜1.1。 另外, 无机碱的添加量为催化剂量就很充分。
本发明涉及的反应通常在溶剂存在下进行。 作为所使用的溶剂, 只要是能够溶解原料、 并且对生成物没有活性的溶剂就没有特别的限 制, 例如, 可举出二氯甲垸、 乙晴、 四氢呋喃、 1,2-二氯乙垸、 Ν,Ν'- 二甲基甲酰胺、 乙醚或甲苯等。
本发明中使用的 Pd催化剂是以上述通式(1 )或 (2)表示的双膦 化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物。
作为制造以上述通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 表示的双膦化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物的方法, 例如, 按照文献 (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991年, 113卷, 9887页; J. Chem. Soc, Dalton Trans., 2246—2249页, 1980年; Tetrahedron Letters, 37卷, 6351〜6354页, 1996年) 中记载 的方法, 通过使本发明的膦化合物 (1 ) 和 烯丙基氯化钯二聚物 ( [< _allyl)PdCl]2 ) 反应而制造。
作为 Pd过渡金属配位化合物的具体例, 例如可举出以下所示的配 体。 另外, 其中的 "L"表示以上述通式 (1 ) 或者 (2) 表示的双膦配 体。
PdCl2 (L)、 (π-allyl) Pd (L)、 [ (Pd (L) ] BF4、 [ (Pd (L) ] C104、 [ (Pd (L) ] PF6、 [ (Pd (L) ] BPh4、 [ (Pd (L) ] OTf。
在本发明的取代反应中, 通过使用以上述通式 (1 ) 的双膦化合物 为配体的 Pd过渡金属催化剂, 可得到主要立体构型为 S型的化合物; 另外, 通过使用以上述通式 (2) 的双膦化合物为配体的 Pd过渡金属 催化剂, 可得到主要立体构型为 型的化合物。
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明: 本实施例在以本发明技术方 案为前提下进行实施, 给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程, 但 本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例一
(垸基化反应)
在氮气氛下, 将表 1 中所示的手性配体 (0.03mmol ) 和 [Pd< -C3¾)Cl]2 (4.60mg, 12.5μπιο1)溶于干燥的二氯甲垸 ( lmL)中, 在室温下搅拌 1小时。所得原位催化剂用注射器加入到另一份溶液中, 该溶液是由 1,3-二苯基烯丙基醋酸酯(0.252g, l .OOmmol)和无水醋酸 钾 (0.0020g, 20μπιο1) 溶于干燥的二氯甲垸 (2mL) 而形成。 然后, 在室温 (25°C ) 依次加入丙二酸二甲酯 (0.396g, 3.00mmol) 和 BSA (0.613g, 3.00mmol) , 用 TLC监控反应, 结束反应。 以乙醚冲稀体系 (20mL), 分别以冷的饱和 N¾C1水溶液 (25mL)、 水和饱和食盐水 洗, 用无水 N¾S04干燥, 减压蒸除溶剂。 对残余物用柱层析 (乙酸乙 酯 I石油醚 = 1 I 8)进行精制, 得到产物。 用手性柱 OD-H测定的 ee 值是 7.6〜45.3%
JH NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 3.51 (s, 3Η), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.94 (d, J=10.8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (dd, J=8.8, 10.8 Hz, IH), 6.32 (dd, J=8.4, 15.6 Hz, IH), 6.46 (d, J=15.6 Hz, IH), 7.17-7.32 (m, 10H)。
实施例二
(垸基化反应)
在氮气氛下, 将表 1 中所示的手性配体 (0.03mmol ) 和 [Pd< -C3¾)Cl]2 (4.60mg, 12.5μπιο1)溶于干燥的二氯甲垸 ( lmL)中, 在室温下搅拌 1小时。所得原位催化剂用注射器加入到另一份溶液中, 该溶液是由 1,3-二苯基烯丙基醋酸酯 (0.252g,1.00mmol) 和无水醋酸 钾 (0.0020g, 20μπιο1) 溶于干燥的二氯甲垸 (2mL) 而形成。 降温到 -78。C, 然后, 依次加入丙二酸二甲酯 (0.396g, 3.00mmol ) 和 BSA (0.613g, 3.00mmol) , 用 TLC监控反应至反应结束。 以乙醚冲稀体系 (20mL), 分别以冷的饱和 N¾C1水溶液 (25mL)、 水和饱和食盐水 洗, 用无水 N¾S04干燥, 减压蒸除溶剂。 对残余物用柱层析 (乙酸乙 酯 /石油醚 =1/8 )进行精制, 得到产物。 用手性柱 OD-H测定的 ee值是
Figure imgf000009_0001
NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.94 (d J=10.8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (dd, J=8.8, 10.8 Hz, IH), 6.32 (dd, J=8.4, 15.6 Hz: IH), 6.46 (d, J=15.6 Hz, IH), 7.17-7.32 (m, 10H)。 Mefe
Figure imgf000009_0002
表 1
Figure imgf000009_0003
实施例三
(胺基化反应)
在氮气氛下, 将表 2以及表 3中所示的手性配体(0.015mmol)和 [PdO/3-C3¾)Cl]2 (2.3mg, 0.0063mmol) 溶于表 2以及表 3中所示种类 的干燥的溶剂 (lmL) 中, 在室温下搅拌 1 小时, 制得原位催化剂。 向其中加入由 1,3-二苯基烯丙基醋酸酯 (126mg, 0.5mmol) 和干燥处 理过的表 2中所示种类的干燥的溶剂 (lmL) 形成的溶液。 待 10分钟 后加入苄胺 (131 L, 1.5mmol), 用 TLC监控反应, 结束反应。 以乙 醚冲稀体系 (20mL), 分别以冷的饱和 N¾C1水溶液 (25mL)、 水和 饱和食盐水洗, 用无水 N¾S04干燥, 减压蒸除溶剂。 对残余物用柱层 析 (乙酸乙酯 /石油醚 =1/10 ) 进行精制, 得到产物。 用手性柱 OJ-H测 定的 ee值表示在表 2以及 3中。
JH NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 3.75-3.81 (m, 2H), 4.41 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 6.32 (dd, J=7.6, 15.6 Hz, IH), 6.58 (d, J=\6 Hz, IH), 7.21-7.44 (m,
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 2
Figure imgf000010_0002

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选择性制造方法, 其 特征在于,
在将过渡金属配位化合物用作催化剂并由烯丙基位具有脱离基的 烯烃与亲核试剂的取代反应使烯丙基位具有立体选择性的反应中, 作 为该过渡金属配位化合物, 使用以下述通式 (1 ) 或 (2) 表示的以双 膦化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位化合物。
Figure imgf000011_0001
( 1 ) ( 2 )
式中, R1表示碳原子数为 1〜4的垸基或含有酰胺官能基的基团, R2表示氢原子、碳原子数为 1〜4的垸基或者乙酰基, M表示铁原子或 者钌原子。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
使用所述通式中的 M为钌原子的以茂金属双膦化合物作为配体的
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
使用所述通式 (1 ) 的以双膦化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
使用所述通式 (2) 的以双膦化合物作为配体的 Pd过渡金属配位
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
所述烯烃是烯丙基乙酸酯。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
所述烯丙基乙酸酯以下述通式 (3 ) 表示,
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中, R3、 R4表示具有取代基的或者不具有取代基的垸基、 具有 取代基的或者不具有取代基的芳基, Ac表示乙酰基。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
所述烯丙基取代反应是不对称烯丙基位垸基化反应。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 7所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立 体选择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
所述亲核试剂是丙二酸二甲酯。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
添加 N,S-双 (三甲基甲硅垸基) 乙酰胺和醋酸钠来进行反应。
10、根据权利要求 1所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的立体选 择性制造方法, 其特征在于,
所述烯丙基取代反应是不对称烯丙基位氨基化反应。
11、 根据权利要求 1或 10所述的由 Pd-催化的烯丙基取代反应的 立体选择性制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述亲核试剂优选是苄胺
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