WO2009034398A1 - Process for the synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4- androstadien-3.17-dione - Google Patents
Process for the synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4- androstadien-3.17-dione Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009034398A1 WO2009034398A1 PCT/HU2008/000101 HU2008000101W WO2009034398A1 WO 2009034398 A1 WO2009034398 A1 WO 2009034398A1 HU 2008000101 W HU2008000101 W HU 2008000101W WO 2009034398 A1 WO2009034398 A1 WO 2009034398A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dione
- hydroxymethyl
- androsten
- culture
- synthesis
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- FHJPVZDWFMYGSB-RTQNCGMRSA-N (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(CO)C2=C1 FHJPVZDWFMYGSB-RTQNCGMRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OSVMTWJCGUFAOD-KZQROQTASA-N formestane Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1O OSVMTWJCGUFAOD-KZQROQTASA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000203720 Pimelobacter simplex Species 0.000 claims description 7
- AEMFNILZOJDQLW-QAGGRKNESA-N androst-4-ene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 AEMFNILZOJDQLW-QAGGRKNESA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AEMFNILZOJDQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N androstenedione Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)=O)C4C3CCC2=C1 AEMFNILZOJDQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 12
- BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N Aromasine Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960000255 exemestane Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- KQRGETZTRARSMA-DAELLWKTSA-N (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s)-10,13-dimethyl-6-methylidene-1,2,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 KQRGETZTRARSMA-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- LUJVUUWNAPIQQI-QAGGRKNESA-N androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 LUJVUUWNAPIQQI-QAGGRKNESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sitostanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-sitosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2(C)C3CC=C4CC(O)CCC4C3CCC12C)C(C)C NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WIXFIQKTHUVFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N menadione sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)(S(O)(=O)=O)CC(=O)C2=C1 WIXFIQKTHUVFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N sitosterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CSVWWLUMXNHWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-(24xi)-24-ethyl-5alpha-cholest-22-en-3beta-ol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)C=CC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 CSVWWLUMXNHWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFPAJIJUVUEKLQ-FLOLCQIYSA-N (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-6-methylidene-1,2,3,7,8,9,11,12,14,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-15,16-dione Chemical compound C=C1C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@@]3(CC(C([C@H]32)=O)=O)C)[C@]3(CCCC=C13)C UFPAJIJUVUEKLQ-FLOLCQIYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAXJNUBSBFUTRP-RTQNCGMRSA-N (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(CO)C2=C1 DAXJNUBSBFUTRP-RTQNCGMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSKCXFVAMAAMKA-UPPCKRDASA-N (8s,9r,10s,13s,14s)-13-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(O)[C@H]3C(O)C[C@](CC)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 QSKCXFVAMAAMKA-UPPCKRDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- KLEXDBGYSOIREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24xi-n-propylcholesterol Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CCC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 KLEXDBGYSOIREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940122815 Aromatase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LPZCCMIISIBREI-MTFRKTCUSA-N Citrostadienol Natural products CC=C(CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C3=CC[C@H]4[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)C(C)C LPZCCMIISIBREI-MTFRKTCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARVGMISWLZPBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydro-beta-sitosterol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 ARVGMISWLZPBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005471 androstenedione Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003886 aromatase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MJVXAPPOFPTTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sistosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C3CC=C4C(C)C(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(C)C MJVXAPPOFPTTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000017 cortisol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002084 enol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBEPLOCGEIEOCV-WSBQPABSSA-N finasteride Chemical compound N([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 DBEPLOCGEIEOCV-WSBQPABSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004039 finasteride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-iodylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1I(=O)=O FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015500 sitosterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sitosterol Natural products CC=C(/CCC(C)C1CC2C3=CCC4C(C)C(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC2(C)C1)C(C)C NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 steroid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C(O)=C(O)C1=O DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- PEGXTFPYSNIZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-aminoacetic acid;sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NCC(O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PEGXTFPYSNIZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
- C07J1/0003—Androstane derivatives
- C07J1/0011—Androstane derivatives substituted in position 17 by a keto group
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new bioconversion process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (short name: 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD).
- the invention particularly relates to the microbiological ⁇ '-dehydrogenation of 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (short name: 6-hydroxymethyl-AD).
- 6-methylene-l,4-androstadien- 3,17-dione short name: 6-methylene-ADD, exemestane
- 6- hydroxymethyl-ADD was synthesized by Wojciechowska and co-workers (Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry, 47(3-4), 63-74/2004/) starting from 1,4-androstadien- 3,17-dione (ADD) via several intermediates and the 6-methylene-ADD was obtained by water elimination from 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD.
- 6-Methylene-4-androsten-3,17-dione was synthesized by Longo and Lombardi (see EP 326,340) starting from 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD) via enolether, followed by bromination and subsequent hydrogen bromide elimination to yield exemestane.
- the 6-methylene group of exemestane was formed via a several-step synthesis by Kunnen and co-workers (see WO 2005/070951) starting from l,4-androstadien-3,17- dione.
- the aim of the present invention is to elaborate an industrially applicable, economical and environmental friendly bioconversion process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl- 1 ,4-androstadien-3 , 17-dione.
- the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione comprising dehydrogenating 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione in the presence of a biocatalyst.
- 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione used as substrate was prepared as described in the literature (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 ⁇ 430-436 (1956) and HeIv. Chim. Acta 56(7), Nr. 247., 2396-2404 (1973)) starting from 4-androsten-3,l 7-dione.
- the dehydrogenation is carried out the following way: the bacterium cells able to produce steroid- ⁇ 1 - dehydrogenase enzyme, preferably Arthrobacter simplex (ATCC 6946) microorganism, are cultured under aerobic conditions by known method, the biosynthesis of the enzyme is induced by addition of an inducer, the so obtained biocatalyst is interacted with 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,l 7-dione used as starting material, optionally stabilizer and electron acceptor are added to the mixture and after completion of the bioconversion the product is isolated by known method.
- Arthrobacter simplex ATCC 6946
- hydrocortisone or 4-androsten-3,17- dione can be used as inducer
- 13 -ethyl- 10,l l-dihydroxy-4-gonen-3,l 7-dione or sterols containing C 8 -C 10 alkyl side-chain in position 17 can be used as stabilizer and 2-methyl- 1 ,4-naphtoquinone or the bisulfite derivative thereof can be used as electron acceptor.
- whole cell culture of Arthrobacter simplex can be used for the production of the biocatalyst, which is incubated in liquid culture medium containing carbon source, preferably glucose in a concentration of 1-35 g/1, yeast extract in a concentration of 1-10 g/1 and inorganic salts.
- the culture is incubated at 25-38 0 C, preferably at 35 0 C for 20- 72 hours, then a solution of compound/compounds inducing the production of the bacterial ⁇ '-dehydrogenase (STDH) enzyme is added to the culture.
- the induction is triggered by known method: a methanol solution of hydrocortisone - in a concentration of 10-100 mg/1 - is added to the culture. If the induction effect is decreased because of the enzymatic decomposition of hydrocortisone further amount of hydrocortisone can be added in order to maintain the activity needed for the conversion.
- a more advantageous solution for reducing the inactivation is the application of - besides hydrocortisone - a slowly degrading, non- inducing steroid compound, for example ⁇ -sitosterol or the addition of 13 -ethyl- 10,11- dihydroxy-4-gonen-3,17-dione, which was used successfully in the bioconversion synthesis of finasteride by K. Olasz and coworkers (see US patent No. 6,762,302), in the beginning of the induction in a concentration of 10- 100 mg/1.
- the properly induced culture is diluted to 3-15 fold of its original volume with sterilized water, then the solutions of 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (1-10 g/dm 3 ) used as starting material and 2-methyl-l,4-naphtoquinone (10-100 mg/dm 3 ) used as electron carrier are added in an organic solvent miscible with water, preferably in methanol.
- the bioconversion mixture is incubated at 32 0 C under aerobic conditions.
- the conversion is monitored in every hour by TLC or HPLC, after completion of the transformation (3-12 hours) the obtained 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione is isolated by extraction with an organic solvent immiscible with water.
- the invention is illustrated by the following not limiting examples.
- the culture of Arthrobacter simplex (ATCC 6946) bacterium is maintained on agar slopes of the following composition:
- the inoculated medium was incubated at 32 0 C for 4 days in order to initiate proliferation, then it was kept at +4-10 0 C for further 30 days.
- Vegetative culture was made by transferring the suspension of the surface culture into 100 cm 3 of sterilized culture medium of the following composition in a 500 cm 3 flask:
- the culture was shaken at 32 0 C for 24 hrs with 200 rpm, then 2-2 cm 3 of the obtained inoculum culture was used to inoculate 100-100 dm 3 of culture medium of the following composition in two 500 cm 3 flasks:
- the culture was shaken at 32-37 0 C, preferably at 32 0 C for 24 hrs with 200 rpm, then 200 cm 3 of the so obtained inoculum culture was used to inoculate 5 dm 3 of sterilized main phase culture medium of the following composition into a 9 dm 3 jar fermenter:
- the culture was sterilized at 121°C for 40 min and the pH was adjusted to 6.3-6.4 with NaOH solution before inoculation.
- the culture was agitated at 35 0 C with 300 1/min speed and 60 dm 3 /hr aeration rate.
- the consumption of glucose is accompanied by lowering of the pH, which could decrease the growth rate. Therefore the pH of the culture was controlled at 6.3-6.5 by the addition of 200 g/dm 3 NaOH solution.
- the cultivation time was 24-26 hours followed by a further 48-96 hours of induction period.
- Step b) Synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (shortly: 6-hydroxymethyl- ADD) from 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (shortly: 6-hydroxymethyl-AD)
- the dehydrogenation was carried out by using the aqueous suspension of the biocatalyst obtained in the previous step.
- the bioconversion was monitored by TLC or HPLC, along with the STDH activity and the optical density (OD) characteristic for the cell-concentration.
- the precipitated material was dissolved in 0.2 dm 3 of warm methanol and 0.15 dm 3 of water and 4 dm 3 of NaOH solution (50 g/dm 3 ) were added. Then the solvent was distilled off, the precipitated homogenous crude crystalline material was filtered after stirring for 3 hours, washed with 10 cm 3 of water and dried at 80 0 C in vacuum oven. The weight of the so obtained crude crystalline material was 10 g, it contained 92 % of 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD.
- the STDH enzyme was prepared as described in Example 1, but the following modification was applied in the preparation of the main phase culture:
- the process was carried out as described in Example 2, but the main phase cultivation and the enzyme induction were carried out in a volume of 80 dm culture medium. During the fermentation the culture was agitated at 35 0 C with 200 1/min speed and 960 dm 3 /hr aeration rate. Foaming was blocked by addition of Struktol SB2020 antifoam agent. The culture could be used for the bioconversion step 48-72 hours after starting the enzyme induction.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel process for the synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4- androstadien-3,17-dione which means dehydrogenating 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten- 3,17-dione in the presence of a biocatalyst.
Description
PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 6-HYDROXYMETHYL-l,4- ANDROSTADIEN-3J7-DIONE
The invention relates to a new bioconversion process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (short name: 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD). The invention particularly relates to the microbiological Δ'-dehydrogenation of 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (short name: 6-hydroxymethyl-AD). The obtained compound is an intermediate in the synthesis of 6-methylene-l,4-androstadien- 3,17-dione (short name: 6-methylene-ADD, exemestane), which is an aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of breast cancer.
Several methods are known from the literature for the synthesis of exemestane, but the majority of these methods is merely chemical synthesis. For example 6- hydroxymethyl-ADD was synthesized by Wojciechowska and co-workers (Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry, 47(3-4), 63-74/2004/) starting from 1,4-androstadien- 3,17-dione (ADD) via several intermediates and the 6-methylene-ADD was obtained by water elimination from 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD.
6-Methylene-4-androsten-3,17-dione was synthesized by Longo and Lombardi (see EP 326,340) starting from 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD) via enolether, followed by bromination and subsequent hydrogen bromide elimination to yield exemestane.
Shao, Li and You (Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 32(8), 345-346 /2001/) used 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone for the dehydrogenation of 6-methylene- androstendione.
The 6-methylene group of exemestane was formed via a several-step synthesis by Kunnen and co-workers (see WO 2005/070951) starting from l,4-androstadien-3,17- dione.
Zhu and Pan (see Chinese patent No. CN 1,491,957) used 2-iodoxy-benzoic acid for the formation of Δ^double bond in the 6-methylene-4-androsten-3,17-dione.
The only process containing a bioconversion step was applied by Krook and
Hewitt (see: WO 2001/004342) in which the enzymatic dehydrogenation of 6- methylene-4-androsten-3,17-dione directly resulted in the exemestane. Because of its poor solubility in water the starting material was dissolved in a solvent (toluene) immiscible with water and the Arthrobacter simplex bacterium cells were added to the system in an aqueous suspension. The dehydrogenation reaction was carried out in the presence of electron acceptor and catalase enzyme, by introducing a mixture of air and nitrogen into the stirred mixture and the product was crystallized from the toluene phase by addition of octane.
Summarizing the disadvantages of the above mentioned processes we can say that large amounts of highly flammable and/or toxic reagents and solvents were used. Moreover the yields of these processes were below the economical level of an industrial manufacturing.
As it can be seen from the above mentioned facts, there is no publication in the literature about the direct bioconversion synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4- androstadien-3 , 17-dione.
The aim of the present invention is to elaborate an industrially applicable, economical and environmental friendly bioconversion process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl- 1 ,4-androstadien-3 , 17-dione.
After investigating the microbiological Δ'-dehydrogenation possibility of different intermediates obtained in the synthesis of exemestane starting from 4- androstene-3,17-dione surprisingly it was found, that using the Arthrobacter simplex bacterium cells the 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,l 7-dione can be transformed into 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,l 7-dione in excellent yield without formation of considerable amount of by-products and this way we found a favourably accomplishable process, through which both the disadvantages resulting from product inhibition in the transformation of 4-androsten-3, 17-dione or from the poor solubility of
6-methylene-4-androsten-3,17-dione in water and the use of hazardous reagents and solvents can be eliminated.
According to this finding the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione comprising dehydrogenating 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione in the presence of a biocatalyst.
The 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione used as substrate was prepared as described in the literature (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78^ 430-436 (1956) and HeIv. Chim. Acta 56(7), Nr. 247., 2396-2404 (1973)) starting from 4-androsten-3,l 7-dione.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the dehydrogenation is carried out the following way: the bacterium cells able to produce steroid-Δ1- dehydrogenase enzyme, preferably Arthrobacter simplex (ATCC 6946) microorganism, are cultured under aerobic conditions by known method, the biosynthesis of the enzyme is induced by addition of an inducer, the so obtained biocatalyst is interacted with 6- hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,l 7-dione used as starting material, optionally stabilizer and electron acceptor are added to the mixture and after completion of the bioconversion the product is isolated by known method.
In the process according to our invention hydrocortisone or 4-androsten-3,17- dione can be used as inducer, 13 -ethyl- 10,l l-dihydroxy-4-gonen-3,l 7-dione or sterols containing C8-C10 alkyl side-chain in position 17 can be used as stabilizer and 2-methyl- 1 ,4-naphtoquinone or the bisulfite derivative thereof can be used as electron acceptor.
During the realization of the process according to our invention from among the known methods (whole cells, enzyme extracts free of cells, or the combination thereof) whole cell culture of Arthrobacter simplex can be used for the production of the biocatalyst, which is incubated in liquid culture medium containing carbon source, preferably glucose in a concentration of 1-35 g/1, yeast extract in a concentration of 1-10 g/1 and inorganic salts. The culture is incubated at 25-38 0C, preferably at 35 0C for 20-
72 hours, then a solution of compound/compounds inducing the production of the bacterial Δ'-dehydrogenase (STDH) enzyme is added to the culture.
The induction is triggered by known method: a methanol solution of hydrocortisone - in a concentration of 10-100 mg/1 - is added to the culture. If the induction effect is decreased because of the enzymatic decomposition of hydrocortisone further amount of hydrocortisone can be added in order to maintain the activity needed for the conversion.
According to our discovery a more advantageous solution for reducing the inactivation is the application of - besides hydrocortisone - a slowly degrading, non- inducing steroid compound, for example β-sitosterol or the addition of 13 -ethyl- 10,11- dihydroxy-4-gonen-3,17-dione, which was used successfully in the bioconversion synthesis of finasteride by K. Olasz and coworkers (see US patent No. 6,762,302), in the beginning of the induction in a concentration of 10- 100 mg/1.
If cultivation is continued under the same fermentation condition during the induction the STDH activity reaches 4000-9000 U/dm3 and the OD value reaches 18-25 in 45-53 hours. This induced culture can be used directly for bioconversion or can be kept at 2-8 0C for several weeks.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to our invention the properly induced culture is diluted to 3-15 fold of its original volume with sterilized water, then the solutions of 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (1-10 g/dm3) used as starting material and 2-methyl-l,4-naphtoquinone (10-100 mg/dm3) used as electron carrier are added in an organic solvent miscible with water, preferably in methanol.
The bioconversion mixture is incubated at 32 0C under aerobic conditions. The conversion is monitored in every hour by TLC or HPLC, after completion of the transformation (3-12 hours) the obtained 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione is isolated by extraction with an organic solvent immiscible with water.
The invention is illustrated by the following not limiting examples.
Example 1
Step a) Preparation of Arthrobacter simplex culture containing STDH enzyme
The culture of Arthrobacter simplex (ATCC 6946) bacterium is maintained on agar slopes of the following composition:
The inoculated medium was incubated at 32 0C for 4 days in order to initiate proliferation, then it was kept at +4-10 0C for further 30 days. Vegetative culture was made by transferring the suspension of the surface culture into 100 cm3 of sterilized culture medium of the following composition in a 500 cm3 flask:
The culture was shaken at 32 0C for 24 hrs with 200 rpm, then 2-2 cm3 of the obtained inoculum culture was used to inoculate 100-100 dm3 of culture medium of the following composition in two 500 cm3 flasks:
The culture was shaken at 32-37 0C, preferably at 32 0C for 24 hrs with 200 rpm, then 200 cm3 of the so obtained inoculum culture was used to inoculate 5 dm3 of sterilized main phase culture medium of the following composition into a 9 dm3 jar fermenter:
The culture was sterilized at 121°C for 40 min and the pH was adjusted to 6.3-6.4 with NaOH solution before inoculation.
The culture was agitated at 35 0C with 300 1/min speed and 60 dm3/hr aeration rate. The consumption of glucose is accompanied by lowering of the pH, which could decrease the growth rate. Therefore the pH of the culture was controlled at 6.3-6.5 by the addition of 200 g/dm3 NaOH solution. The cultivation time was 24-26 hours followed by a further 48-96 hours of induction period.
Before the induction of the formation of the STDH enzyme 0.5 g of glycine and 0.75 g of zinc sulfate was dissolved in 40 cm3 of water and the mixture was sterilized at 121°C for 30 min. 0.5 g of hydrocortisone was dissolved in 50 cm3 of methanol which contained 0.35 g of dry calcium chloride. The so obtained solution was mixed with the glycine - zinc sulfate solution and added to the culture. 0.5 g of sitosterol was soaked with 0.5 cm3 of 1 % Tween-80 solution and 40 cm3 of water, boiled until foaming was stopped and sterilized at 121°C for 30 min, then it was shaken till cooling to room temperature. The obtained suspension was added to the culture and cultivation was continued under the same fermentation conditions. During the induction the STDH activity reaches 5000-7000 U/dm3 and the OD value reaches 20-25 in 48-96 hours.
Step b) Synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (shortly: 6-hydroxymethyl- ADD) from 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione (shortly: 6-hydroxymethyl-AD)
The dehydrogenation was carried out by using the aqueous suspension of the biocatalyst obtained in the previous step. The bioconversion medium was prepared by sterilizing pH=7 phosphate buffer: 16.15 g of KH2PO4 and 35.65 g Na2HPO4.2H2O was dissolved in 4.8 dm3 water and solution was sterilized at 1210C for 30 min in a 9 dm3 jar fermenter equipped with probes to measure the pH and the concentration of the dissolved oxygen. The temperature was adjusted to 32 0C and 330 cm3 of the induced culture was added to the phosphate buffer under aseptic conditions. Then a solution of 14.5 g of 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3 , 17-dione in a mixture of 202 cm3 of methanol and 22 cm3 of water - dissolved previously by boiling - was added to the bioconversion system and finally a solution of 0.5 g of 2-methyl-l,4-naphtoquinone -sodium bisulfite
(shortly: menadione-bisulfite) - used as electron acceptor - in 10 cm3 of sterile water was added.
The bioconversion was monitored by TLC or HPLC, along with the STDH activity and the optical density (OD) characteristic for the cell-concentration.
When 90 % of the starting 6-hydroxymethyl-AD was transformed the bioconversion was stopped, 5 g/dm3 of filtration aid (Perfil) was added and the fermentation broth was filtered. The filtered biomass and the filtration aid were removed for incineration and the filtrate was extracted with 2 dm3 of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was again extracted with 1 dm3 of ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases were washed with 0.8 dm3 of NaOH solution (50g/dm3), then 0.2 dm3 of water was added and the ethyl acetate was distilled off in vacuum at 65-70 0C in a Rotavapor. The obtained material was poorly crystalline. It was purified the following way: the precipitated material was dissolved in 0.2 dm3 of warm methanol and 0.15 dm3 of water and 4 dm3 of NaOH solution (50 g/dm3) were added. Then the solvent was distilled off, the precipitated homogenous crude crystalline material was filtered after stirring for 3 hours, washed with 10 cm3 of water and dried at 80 0C in vacuum oven. The weight of the so obtained crude crystalline material was 10 g, it contained 92 % of 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD.
Further purification: 10 g of crude crystalline material was dissolved in 20 cm3 of dichloromethane and 100 cm3 of methyl-cyclohexane was added dropwise to the stirred solution. The product was precipitated, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then filtered, washed with 10 cm3 of methyl-cyclohexane and dried at 80 0C in vacuum oven. The weight of the so obtained crystalline material was 9.5 g, it contained 93 % of 6- hydroxymethyl-ADD (yield: 60.9 %).
The structure elucidation was performed by NMR analysis. The characteristic chemical shifts are as follows:
1H NMR {Varian NMRS-500, DMSO-d6(TMS), δ(ppm)}: 7.17d (C-I); 6.08 dd (C-2); 6.02 d (C-4); 2.7 m (C-6); 1.16 m & 2.01 m (C-7); 1.92 m (C-8); 1.06 m (C-9); 1.59 m
& 1.83 m (C-I l); 1.20 m & 1.69 m (C-12); 1.28 m (C- 14); 1.54 m & 1.88 m (C-15); 2.01 m & 2.42 m (C-16); 0.89 s (C-18); 1.20 s (C-19); 3.57 m & 3.70 m (-CH2(6)); 4.76 1 (-OH)
13C NMR {Varian NMRS-500, DMSO-d6(TMS), δ(ppm)}: 156.8 (C-I); 125.9 (C-2); 184.8 (C-3); 126.3 (C-4); 168.2 (C-5); 48.1 (C-6); 31.9 (C-7); 30.4 (C-8); 50.6 (C-9); 43.0 (C-IO); 21.0 (C-I l); 30.9 (C-12); 46.9 (C-13); 49.7 (C- 14); 21.4 (C-15); 35.1 (C- 16); 219.1 (C-17); 13.5 (C-18); 19.5 (C- 19); 62.8 (-CH2(6))
Example 2
The STDH enzyme was prepared as described in Example 1, but the following modification was applied in the preparation of the main phase culture:
The induction was carried out as described in Example 1, but the formation of Δ1- dehydrogenase enzyme was stabilized by addition of a non-inducing compound. Hydrocortisone is the most preferred STDH enzyme inducer, but the high cell density culture could metabolise it, which would lead to the inactivation of the formed STDH. hi order to avoid inactivation in addition to hydrocortisone 13 -ethyl- 10,1 l-dihydroxy-4- gonen-3,17-dione (shortly: 10,11-dihydroxy-levodione) was also added at the beginning of the induction.
The formation of the -Δ1 -dehydrogenase enzyme was induced by addition of 100 mg/dm3 of hydrocortisone, simultaneously 75 mg/dm3 of 13-ethyl-10,l l-dihydroxy-4- gonen-3,17-dione dissolved in methanol was added as enzyme stabilizer. After 48-72 hours induction time the culture was diluted with pH=7 phosphate buffer of 14-fold volume and this was used in the bioconversion step. The latter and the isolation of the product were carried out as described in Example 1. This way 9.8 g crude crystalline product was obtained, which contained 92.2 % of 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD (yield: 62.3
%).
Example 3
The process was carried out as described in Example 2, but the main phase cultivation and the enzyme induction were carried out in a volume of 80 dm culture medium. During the fermentation the culture was agitated at 35 0C with 200 1/min speed and 960 dm3/hr aeration rate. Foaming was blocked by addition of Struktol SB2020 antifoam agent. The culture could be used for the bioconversion step 48-72 hours after starting the enzyme induction.
70 dm3 of pH=7 sterilized phosphate buffer was added to 5 dm3 of the so obtained culture. 217.5 g of 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione was dissolved in 3300 cm of methanol at 50 0C and it was added to the stirred, diluted culture. Then 7.5 g of menadione-bisulfite was dissolved in 150 cm3 sterile water and added to the
bioconversion mixture. The bioconversion mixture was stirred in a 100 dm3 fermenter at 32 0C with 200 1/min speed and 0.1 v/v/min aeration rate. The conversion was monitored in every hour by TLC, after completion of the transformation the obtained 6- hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione was isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate as described in Example 1. The weight of the so obtained crystalline material was 152 g, which contained 91.5 % of 6-hydroxymethyl-ADD (yield: 64 %).
Claims
1. A process for the synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyl-l,4-androstadien-3,17-dione characterized by dehydrogenating 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione in the presence of a biocatalyst.
2. A process according to claim 1 characterized by carrying out the dehydrogenation the following way: the bacterium cells able to produce steroid- Δ1 -dehydrogenase enzyme, preferably Arthrobacter simplex (ATCC 6946) microorganism, are cultured under aerobic conditions by a known method, the biosynthesis of the enzyme is induced by addition of an inducer, the so obtained biocatalyst is interacted with 6-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3,17-dione used as starting material, stabilizer(s) and electron acceptor(s) are added to the mixture and after completion of the bioconversion the product is isolated by a known method.
3. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 2 characterized by using hydrocortisone or 4-androsten-3,17-dione as inducer.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized by using 13-ethyl- 10,l l-dihydroxy-4-gonen-3,17-dione or a sterol containing C8-Ci0 alkyl side- chain in position 17 as stabilizer.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized by using 2-methyl- 1,4-naphtoquinone or the bisulfite derivative thereof as electron acceptor.
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CN107988092A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-05-04 | 天津科技大学 | Arthrobacter simplex mutant strain and engineering bacteria with stress tolerance |
CN114317664A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司 | Method for preparing 11a,15 a-dihydroxy androstenedione |
CN115181705A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-14 | 河南利华制药有限公司 | Method for improving dehydrogenation conversion rate of mould material |
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GB2131811A (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-06-27 | Upjohn Co | Microbial 1,2-dehydrogenation of steroids |
WO2001004342A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Process to prepare exemestane |
WO2008032131A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | Richter Gedeon Nyrt. | Process for the selective isolation, purification and separation of monohydroxylated 3,17-diketo-steroid compounds |
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2007
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GB2131811A (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-06-27 | Upjohn Co | Microbial 1,2-dehydrogenation of steroids |
WO2001004342A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Process to prepare exemestane |
WO2008032131A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | Richter Gedeon Nyrt. | Process for the selective isolation, purification and separation of monohydroxylated 3,17-diketo-steroid compounds |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107988092A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-05-04 | 天津科技大学 | Arthrobacter simplex mutant strain and engineering bacteria with stress tolerance |
CN107988092B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-12-29 | 天津科技大学 | Arthrobacter simplex mutant strain with stress tolerance and engineering bacterium |
CN114317664A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司 | Method for preparing 11a,15 a-dihydroxy androstenedione |
CN115181705A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-14 | 河南利华制药有限公司 | Method for improving dehydrogenation conversion rate of mould material |
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