WO2009032689A2 - Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009032689A2 WO2009032689A2 PCT/US2008/074465 US2008074465W WO2009032689A2 WO 2009032689 A2 WO2009032689 A2 WO 2009032689A2 US 2008074465 W US2008074465 W US 2008074465W WO 2009032689 A2 WO2009032689 A2 WO 2009032689A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- light beam
- vapor cloud
- cryogenic
- intensity
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cryogenic spray cooling, which is commonly used in metalworking and other industrial applications that demand cooling to maintain optimal process parameters.
- the present invention comprises an apparatus for a system having a cryogenic cooling component that generates a vapor cloud when operated.
- the apparatus senses the cooling and sends a signal to a controller that is programmed to set and/or adjust at least one operating parameter of the system.
- the invention comprises an apparatus for use with a system having a cryogenic cooling component that generates a vapor cloud when operating.
- the apparatus including a first emitter that is adapted to emit a first light beam at a first intensity.
- the apparatus further includes a first receiver having a first sensor that is adapted to detect a first sensed intensity.
- the first sensed intensity being the intensity of the first light beam at the first sensor when the first light beam is directed at the first sensor.
- the first receiver being adapted to generate a first sensor signal that is a function of the first sensed intensity, and the first emitter and first sensor having a first operating position, where the first emitter and first sensor are positioned and oriented so that the first light beam is directed onto the first sensor and the first light beam passes through the vapor cloud at least once before being received by the first sensor.
- a controller is also provided and is programmed to set and/or adjust at least one operating parameter of the system based on controller data. When the first emitter and second sensor are in the first operating position, the controller data comprises the first sensor signal.
- the invention comprises an apparatus for use with a system having a cryogenic cooling component that generates a vapor cloud when operated.
- the apparatus includes means for determining relative opacity of the vapor cloud and generating data relating to the relative opacity of the vapor cloud and a controller in communication with the means for determining, the controller being adapted to set and/or adjust at least one operating parameter of the system based on the data.
- the invention comprises a method used with a system having a cryogenic cooling component, the method including measuring the relative opacity of a cryogenic vapor cloud, and setting and/or adjusting at least one operating parameter of the system based on the measured relative opacity of the cryogenic vapor cloud.
- FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a basic cryogenic vapor cloud opacity measurement apparatus, in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of a basic cryogenic vapor cloud opacity measurement apparatus, in which the light beam is reflected;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling of a workpiece and roller according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling of a workpiece and roller.
- the present invention is an apparatus for use with a system having a cryogenic cooling component that generates a vapor cloud when operating.
- Systems that have a cryogenic cooling component may include, but are not limited to, metal rolling and machining operations such as lathe turning, boring, milling, thermal spray coating applications, and food freezing applications.
- cryogenic vapor is a suspension of microscopic water ice crystals which forms when water contained in ambient air comes in contact with a cryogenic spray, such as liquid nitrogen (hereinafter “LIN”), gaseous nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide or a mixture of two or more of these liquids and/or gases. Cryogenic vapor is typically white and opaque or semi-opaque.
- LIN liquid nitrogen
- cryogenic vapor was observed when the substrate (e.g. workpiece, part and/or tool) surfaces were below the desired temperature range (i.e., overcooling) and almost no cryogenic vapor was visible when the workpiece and tool surfaces were above the desired temperature range (i.e., insufficient cooling). It was observed that the "cloud" generated by a large amount of cryogenic vapor was more opaque than a smaller amount of cryogenic vapor.
- the opacity of the vapor cloud could be measured with reasonable accuracy by measuring the drop in intensity of a light beam that is directed through the vapor cloud.
- the intensity drop is due to dispersion and absorption of the light beam on the solid surfaces of microscopic ice crystals, which form part of a cryogenic vapor cloud.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a basic apparatus used to measure cryogenic vapor opacity.
- a cryogenic cooling device 12 is generating a vapor cloud 13.
- a light source 23 is positioned to direct a light beam 25 through the vapor cloud 13.
- the light source 23 is a laser emitter.
- a receiver 29 is positioned in the path of the light beam 25 after the light beam 25 has passed through the vapor cloud 13.
- the receiver 29 has a light sensor 31 that is adapted to detect the intensity 33 of light within the wavelength range of the light beam 25.
- the light beam 25 has a known initial intensity 27 at the light source 23 and a lower intensity 33 when it reaches the sensor 31 ("sensed intensity"), after passing through the vapor cloud 13.
- the sensor 31 generates an electrical signal that is proportional to the sensed intensity.
- the sensor 31 is an optical sensor that generates a signal in the range of 4-2OmA, based on the sensed intensity.
- the light source 23 is a laser emitter in this embodiment. It should be understood that other emitters could be used.
- the terms "emitter” means any device capable of emitting light and is used interchangeably with the term "light source.” Red or green lasers are examples of preferred light sources for the present invention because the vapor cloud opacity results from the dispersion and absorption of the light beam on the solid surfaces of microscopic ice crystals.
- Such lasers are particularly suitable for the present invention because they are inexpensive, produce a very focused, easy to measure beam of light, and produce a visible light beam, which facilitates proper positioning of the sensor 31.
- Light sources that emit light at ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) wavelengths could also be used, but are less preferred because they do not produce visible light beams.
- Fig. 2 shows an alternate arrangement for the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.
- a reflector 59 is used to re-direct the light beam 25 before being received by the sensor 31. This allows the receiver 29 and sensor 31 to be located in close proximity to the light source 23. As shown, in this configuration, the light beam 25 passes through the vapor cloud 13 twice. Alternatively, the light beam and the reflector could be positioned so that the light beam passed through the vapor cloud once before being received by the sensor (not shown).
- the signal generated by the sensor 31 can be advantageously used in a wide variety of applications.
- the signal could be used (in combination with other process data) to calculate the temperature of a substrate (workpiece or tool or other object) surface, to generate a notification or alarm if the signal indicates a vapor opacity level that is outside of a preferred operating range, or to control one or more process parameters.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of one such application, which includes a mill stand in which a workpiece 1 19 is being drawn through upper and lower rollers 121 , 122.
- the workpiece 119 and rollers 121 , 122 are cooled by a cryogenic spray device 1 12 that generates a vapor cloud 113.
- the cryogenic spray device 112 is being directed onto the upper roller 121.
- the cryogenic spray device 112 could be directed at the surface of the workpiece 119 or could be directed at the intersection of the workpiece and one of the rollers 121 , 122.
- the light source 123 and the receiver 129 are located on opposing sides of the workpiece 119 and rollers 121 , 122 (similar to the configuration shown in Fig. 1 ).
- the light source 123 generates a light beam 125 having an initial intensity 127 (i.e., before it passes through the vapor cloud 1 13).
- the light source 123 and a sensor 131 are positioned so that the light beam 125 from the light source 123 is directed onto the sensor 131 (i.e., an operating position).
- the sensor 131 generates an electrical signal 135, which is proportional to the intensity 133 of the light beam 125 as it is received by the sensor 131.
- the light beam 125 is a laser and the signal 135 generated by the sensor 131 is a 4-2OmA analog signal.
- a controller 137 is programmed to set and/or adjust one or more operating parameters of the system based controller data received from the system.
- the controller data preferably includes data concerning the opacity of the vapor cloud 113, which is provided by the signal 135 from the sensor 131.
- the controller 137 could be programmed to increase the cooling rate of the cryogenic spray device 1 12 if the signal 135 indicates that there is too little cryogenic vapor.
- the controller 137 could also be configured to activate an alarm if the signal 135 indicates that opacity of the vapor cloud 1 13 is outside of a predetermined range. Examples of other operating parameters that the controller could be used to adjust include, depending upon the application of the system, mill/drive load, speeds, and rolling speed.
- the controller data preferably includes data concerning variables (other than the temperature of the workpiece 1 19) that may affect the opacity of the vapor cloud 113.
- the opacity of the vapor cloud 113 is directly proportional to the relative humidity of the air in the vicinity of the cryogenic spray device 112. Therefore, this embodiment includes a relative humidity sensor 145, which generates a signal 147 to the controller 137 that is proportional to the relative humidity of the air in the vicinity of the sensor 145.
- the controller 137 is programmed to adjust the cooling rate of the cryogenic spray device 112 based on signals 135 and 147.
- Airflow in the vicinity of the vapor cloud 1 13 may also affect the measured opacity of the vapor cloud 113. Assuming all other pertinent variables are kept constant, the measured opacity of the vapor cloud 113 will decrease if airflow in the vicinity of the vapor cloud 113 increases. Airflow can be approximated by measuring the velocity of the workpiece 119 or rollers 121 , 122. Accordingly, this embodiment includes a velocity sensor 149, which is configured to measure the velocity of the workpiece 119 and to generate a velocity signal 151. In an alternate embodiment in which the velocity of the workpiece 1 19 is an operating parameter that is set and/or adjusted by the controller 137, the velocity of the workpiece 1 19 would serve a dual role - being both an operating parameter and controller data.
- cryogenic spray device 112 preferably allows for precise and simple adjustment of its cooling rate.
- cryogenic spray devices having this capability are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/846,116, filed August 28, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth. It should be understood, however, that the concepts of the present invention could be applied to any type of cryogenic cooling device that generates a vapor cloud.
- the cryogenic spray device 1 12 includes a liquid nitrogen (“LIN") feed line L1 , two throttling gas lines G1 , G2 (located at opposing ends of the cryogenic spray device 112) and a gas purge line Gp.
- the LIN feed line L1 is preferably connected to a pressurized source of LIN (not shown).
- the throttling gas lines G1 , G2 and purge gas line Gp are preferably connected to a pressurized source of gaseous nitrogen.
- the cooling rate and cooling profile of the cryogenic spray device 1 12 (i.e. the flow rate of LIN through the cryogenic spray device 112) can be precisely controlled by adjusting the gas pressure on the throttling gas lines G1 , G2.
- the purge line Gp can be used to purge and clean the cryogenic spray device 112 and/or the surface at which the cryogenic spray device 112 is directed (in this embodiment, roller 121 ).
- the controller 137 can use the signal 135 to set and/or adjust operating parameters of the system in which the controller 137 is used which are normally set and/or adjusted based on the temperature of the workpiece 1 19.
- Fig. 4 shows an alternate configuration for a vapor cloud opacity measuring apparatus, which comprises a light source 223 that generates a light beam 225 having an initial intensity 227 (i.e., before it passes through the vapor cloud 213) and a sensor 231 , which is part of a receiver 229.
- the light source 223 and sensor 231 are positioned so that the light beam 225 passes through the vapor cloud 213, is reflected on the surface of a roller 221 , passes through the vapor cloud 213 a second time, and is then received by the sensor 231.
- This configuration enables the light source 223 to be positioned adjacent the sensor 231 and, if desired, to be provided as a unitary assembly.
- the reflection of the light beam 225 against the surface of a roller 221 is particularly useful in the industrial cold and temper rolling operations where a near mirror roller finish is required.
- This configuration also enables the vapor cloud opacity measurement apparatus to be located at any desirable position along the length of the cryogenic spray device 212.
- multiple vapor cloud opacity measurement apparatuses could be positioned along the length of the cryogenic spray device 212.
- Such a configuration would enable more precise measurement and control of the temperature of the workpiece 219, to the extent that it varies along its width. For example, if higher vapor opacity was detected at the edges of the workpiece 219 than at its center, the cryogenic spray device 212 could be adjusted to provide more cooling to the center of the workpiece 219 and less cooling to the edges of the workpiece 219. This functionality is highly desirable in the majority of metal rolling operations, where workpiece and roller edges tend to be overcooled resulting in numerous production and product quality problems.
- cryogenic spray device 212 be adapted to provide a non-linear cooling profile (i.e., the ability to provide different cooling rates along the length of the cryogenic spray device 212). Examples of this type of cryogenic spray device are disclosed above in connection with the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, as well as in U.S.
- Patent Application No. 1 1/846,1 16 It should be understood, however, that the concepts of the present invention could be applied to any type of cryogenic cooling device that generates a vapor cloud.
- the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 includes all of the components (including a controller) of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. In the interest of simplicity, many of these components are not shown in Fig. 4.
- a second light source 261 and a second receiver 263 are provided to supply the controller (not shown) with controller data concerning the reflectivity of the roller 222.
- the second light source 261 and sensor 269 are positioned so that the light beam 265 is reflected on the surface of a roller 222 and is received by the sensor 269, but does not pass through any portion of a vapor cloud.
- the receiver 263 generates a signal 273, which is proportional to the intensity of the light beam 265 when it is received by the sensor 269.
- the signal 273 enables the controller to "normalize” the signal 235 to compensate for changes in reflectivity of the rollers 221 , 222.
- the signal 273 could be used to determine if the reflectivity of the roller 222 is outside a predetermined operating range, which may be an indication of excess water condensation, surface oxidation, deposit, and/or dust buildup on the roller 222.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2696239A CA2696239A1 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
BRPI0815928A BRPI0815928A2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | equipment for use with a system that has a cryogenic cooling component, method used with a system that has a cryogenic cooling component |
US12/675,246 US20110083447A1 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
PCT/US2008/074465 WO2009032689A2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
EP08798797.0A EP2195627A4 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
CN2008801144313A CN101842678B (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
MX2010002065A MX2010002065A (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US96847907P | 2007-08-28 | 2007-08-28 | |
US60/968,479 | 2007-08-28 | ||
PCT/US2008/074465 WO2009032689A2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009032689A2 true WO2009032689A2 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
WO2009032689A3 WO2009032689A3 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
Family
ID=42712018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/074465 WO2009032689A2 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-27 | Apparatus and method for monitoring and regulating cryogenic cooling |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110083447A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2195627A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101842678B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0815928A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2696239A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010002065A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009032689A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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US8474273B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2013-07-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a temperature-controlled gas |
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DE102011003004B3 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-02-16 | Mag Ias Gmbh | Method and machine tool for working and hardening metallic workpieces |
JP6529975B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2019-06-12 | ジョン ジンク カンパニー,エルエルシー | Method and apparatus for monitoring port obstructions of TDLAS measurements in harsh environments |
US9897493B2 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-02-20 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for temperature data acquisition |
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- 2008-08-27 US US12/675,246 patent/US20110083447A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-27 BR BRPI0815928A patent/BRPI0815928A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-27 CN CN2008801144313A patent/CN101842678B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-27 CA CA2696239A patent/CA2696239A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-27 WO PCT/US2008/074465 patent/WO2009032689A2/en active Application Filing
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US8474273B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2013-07-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a temperature-controlled gas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101842678A (en) | 2010-09-22 |
MX2010002065A (en) | 2010-03-15 |
EP2195627A2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CA2696239A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US20110083447A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
BRPI0815928A2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
CN101842678B (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EP2195627A4 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
WO2009032689A3 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
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