WO2009031957A1 - Antenne de répétition à propriétés de réflexion contrôlées - Google Patents

Antenne de répétition à propriétés de réflexion contrôlées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009031957A1
WO2009031957A1 PCT/SE2007/050624 SE2007050624W WO2009031957A1 WO 2009031957 A1 WO2009031957 A1 WO 2009031957A1 SE 2007050624 W SE2007050624 W SE 2007050624W WO 2009031957 A1 WO2009031957 A1 WO 2009031957A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plane
antenna
repeater antenna
wave
incident
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2007/050624
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bengt Inge Svensson
Anders Stjernman
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to PCT/SE2007/050624 priority Critical patent/WO2009031957A1/fr
Publication of WO2009031957A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009031957A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective

Definitions

  • a repeater antenna with controlled reflection properties is provided.
  • the present invention discloses a repeater antenna with controlled refection properties.
  • Hot spots may sometimes encounter problems in providing sufficient coverage in so called "hot spots", due to the fact that the hot spots are difficult to reach from the base stations of the system. These difficulties may be due to, for example, the fact that the hot spots are located at street level, so that buildings may obscure the transmissions to and from the base station.
  • Another solution which would make it possible to increase the system coverage of certain spots in the system is to place a curved reflector, passive or active, and to thus focus or spread the incident energy towards a particular spot or sub-area in the system.
  • a drawback to this solution is that it would be difficult to find proper places at which to mount such a reflector, due to the inherent bulkiness of a curved reflector.
  • Such a solution is offered by the present invention in that it discloses a repeater antenna which comprises a plurality of radiation elements arranged in a first electrically conducting layer or plane.
  • the radiation elements are given such individual phase shift properties with regard to an incident plane electromagnetic wave that a plane electromagnetic wave which is incident on the repeater antenna will be reflected from the repeater antenna with a beam angle and a beam shape which differ in a predetermined way from the beam shape and beam angle which would have been caused by said incident wave by reflection in a reflecting plane with the mechanical shape of the repeater antenna.
  • the beam shape and beam angle of the reflection of the incident plane wave are similar to those caused by an electrically conducting pre-defined geometric shape positioned in the position of the repeater antenna.
  • the radiation elements of the inventive antenna may be given their phase shift properties by means of their individual extensions and distances to adjacent radiation elements
  • a repeater antenna which can spread or focus the energy incident upon it towards a desired area in a system while giving the antenna a mechanical shape which enables it to be installed easily in a variety of environments, such as, e.g. the outside of buildings etc.
  • the repeater antenna of the invention may be given an essentially two dimensional shape, i.e. an extension in a first and a second plane which are much larger than the antennas extension in a third plane, all of said planes being essentially orthogonal to each other.
  • Such an antenna can be made essentially flat, which enables easy installation on, for example, the outside of a building.
  • the invention also discloses a method for manufacturing an antenna according to the invention.
  • Fig 1 and 2 show, in a top view, a basic principle of the invention, and Fig 3 shows the design of elements of the invention, and Fig 4 shows a cross section of one embodiment of the invention, and Figs 5 and 6 show face views of different embodiments of the invention, and Fig 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention, and Fig 8 shows a flow chart of a method of the invention.
  • Fig 1 shows a schematic top view of the use of a repeater antenna of the invention.
  • Fig 1 shows a transmitter/receiver 110 such as, for example, a base station in a cellular telephony system, and an antenna 130 of the invention.
  • the repeater antenna is shown as an essentially flat antenna, which, as will be shown later, is merely one of many embodiments of the invention.
  • the transmitter 110 transmits energy in a beam, which at a certain distance from the transmitter can be seen as a plane electromagnetic wave 120.
  • This wave is 120, in the example shown in fig 1 , incident on the repeater antenna 130 of the invention.
  • the reflection angle of an incident wave such as the wave 120 in fig 1 will be the same as the incident angle.
  • the antenna 130 were a normal flat reflecting surface, the incident wave 120 would be reflected straight back towards the transmitter 110, since the incident angle is perpendicular to the surface of the repeater antenna 130.
  • the reflected wave 145 will be reflected with a beam form and a beam angle which differ from the way those parameters would have been if the repeater antenna had merely been a reflecting surface with the mechanical shape of the repeater antenna 130.
  • the beam width ⁇ and the beam angle ⁇ of the reflected wave 145 are shown in fig 1.
  • the beam width and the beam angle as shown in fig 1 are merely examples of the results which may be obtained by means of the antenna of the present invention.
  • the beam shape of the reflected beam does not need to be as symmetrical as the one shown in fig 1 , more or less any reflected beam shape can be obtained, as will be shown in the following.
  • the mechanical surface and the "electrical" surface of the repeater antenna can be made to differ in their reflective properties.
  • the term “electrical” surface refers to how an incident wave will perceive the surface of the repeater antenna.
  • the incident wave 120 will electrically perceive the surface of the repeater antenna 130 as that of a different and predetermined shape, in the case shown in fig 2 that of a curved surface 132, a sphere in the present example. How this difference between mechanical and electrical surfaces is achieved will be elaborated upon further later in this text.
  • the reflected wave 145 has a beam width ⁇ and a beam angle ⁇ which are those of a wave which has been reflected from the curved surface 132, as opposed to the beam width and beam angle which would have been obtained if the reflection had been in a flat surface such as the mechanical surface of the antenna 130.
  • the reflector antenna 130 of the invention comprises a plurality of radiation elements arranged in a first electrically conducting layer or plane of the antenna. It is by means of designing these elements in the proper way that the desired effect as shown in figs 1 and 2 can be obtained.
  • the radiation elements of the antenna 130 of the invention will here be described as dipoles, although it should be understood that this is by way of example only, other kinds of radiation elements, such as for example slots may also be envisioned
  • Fig 3 shows one way of designing the radiation elements of the antenna of the invention: As shown in fig 3, a geometric shape which gives the desired reflection properties is designed or computed.
  • the desired geometric shape is a segment of the surface of a sphere, such as the one 132 shown in fig 2.
  • the sphere segment 132 used in fig 3 should merely be seen as an example intended to illustrate a principle, the desired reflective shape can be more or less any shape, and it should also be pointed out that the desired reflective shape need not be such a "regular" shape as a sphere or a cylinder, etc.
  • a model of the desired reflective shape 132 is positioned at a certain distance D 2 from the surface of the repeater antenna 130, which in the example shown in fig 3 is a plane and essentially flat surface.
  • the shape of the antenna 130 as shown in fig 3 should also only be seen as an example intended to illustrate a principle.
  • a number of sample points p'i, p' 2 , p' 3 on the surface of the repeater antenna 130 of the invention are selected, said sample points suitably but not necessarily being equidistant.
  • the sample points are projected along the surface normal of the surface of the antenna 130 on to points P 1 , p 2 , p 3i on the desired reflective shape 132.
  • the distances D-i, D 2 , D 3 between the sample points and the corresponding projected points can be used to determine the desired phase shift of radiation elements positioned at points p'rp' 3 on the surface 130.
  • one principle which should be observed is that the distance between adjacent points should be less than KIl 1 in order to avoid grating lobes.
  • the surface of the antenna 130 is plane and flat, equidistant points can be used, and if there is a slight curvature in the surface of the antenna 130, use can be made of a reference plane with equidistant points which are projected onto both the surface 130 and the surface 132. If there is a larger curvature in the surface of the antenna 130, there exist a number of methods which are well known to those skilled in the field which may be employed in order to arrive at essentially equidistant points along such a surface.
  • Each radiation element on the surface of the antenna 130 will cause a certain phase shift in the reflection of a plane electromagnetic wave which is incident upon the surface of the antenna 130.
  • the phase shift which should be caused by each radiation element on the antenna 130 can be determined by means of the distance between the surface of the desired reflective shape at the position of the radiation element and the antenna 130.
  • the distance D 1 between the two points p-i and p'i may be used to determine the desired phase shift which should be caused by a radiation element positioned p'i, which is done in the following manner:
  • Each of the distances DrD 3 can be expressed as a number of multiples of ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is the centre frequency of the desired operational frequency band of the antenna 130. It is the part of each distance D 1 , D 2 and D 3 which exceeds a multiple of ⁇ /2 that determines the desired phase shift which should be caused by the radiation element which corresponds to the projection in the desired antenna. Thus, if, for example, the distance D 1 is, let's say, 3.2 * ⁇ /2, the phase shift which should be caused by the radiation element which corresponds to the projection p'i will be determined by the term 0.2 * ⁇ /2.
  • the distance D between the surface 132 and the antenna 130 can be expressed as (N+x) * ⁇ /2, where N is an integer and x is a non-integer smaller than one and larger than zero, the phase shift which should be caused by a radiation element located at a projection p' of a point p on the surface 132 can be determined by the term x.
  • the distance D may be more or less arbitrarily chosen, since different distances D will simply give rise to different shapes of radiation elements on the antenna 130, but the effect obtained will be the same.
  • the extension will vary between the different radiation elements, depending on the phase shift that they are intended to cause, but the following principle may be applied in order to arrive at the extensions /: a periodic surface with an infinite number of radiation elements, for example dipoles, all of extension /, can be simulated.
  • Fig 4 shows a cross section of one embodiment 400 of the antenna of the invention.
  • the antenna 400 is shown as a basically flat unit, which is an example only, the antenna of the invention may be given a large number of geometric shapes, as will be realized by the man skilled in the art..
  • the antenna 400 comprises a number of radiation elements 410, 412, 414, 416, 418.
  • the amount of radiation elements and their shapes can be varied according to well known principles.
  • the radiation elements are arranged in a first plane in the antenna, and the antenna also comprises a conducting ground plane 430. Between the plane of the radiation elements and the ground plane, there is arranged a dielectric plane 420, i.e. a plane which essentially has the function of spacing the radiation elements from the ground plane.
  • Fig 5 shows a "face view” of an example of an embodiment 500 of the present invention.
  • the embodiment 500 comprises a number of radiation elements which are arranged in rows and columns.
  • the geometric shape which is associated (as exemplified in fig 2) with the reflective function of the embodiment 500 is a parabolic antenna, with its beam angle in a direction which is "out of the paper", i.e. perpendicular to the paper, or perpendicular to the plane in which the elements are located, said plane being flat in the example shown in fig 5.
  • the exact shape of the radiation elements of the embodiment 500 is not shown in fig 5. Instead, the function, with respect to the phase shift accomplished by the elements on the reflection of an incident plane wave, is shown. Also shown in fig 5 are two directions A and B which are essentially perpendicular to one another. The antenna 500 serves to "defocus" the reflection of an incident plane wave in both direction A and direction B.
  • the radiation elements of the antenna 500 are centered around a "zero phase shift element", shown as 0°.
  • the phase shift of the surrounding radiation elements varies with the distance from the centre element, so that elements within a certain distance from the centre element all have the same phase shift, e.g. 350°, 340° and 320°.
  • these phase shifts could instead have been expressed as "negative" phase shifts, e.g. -10°, instead of 350°, -20°, instead of 340°, and -40 instead of 320°, etc.
  • an antenna of the invention may be used in order to defocus or deflect the reflection of an incident plane wave in one direction, while focusing it in another direction.
  • the embodiment 600 has this characteristic, i.e. it deflects the reflection giving another beam angle than a planar surface in the direction shown as A, while focusing in the direction shown as B.
  • the basic design of the antenna 600 is similar to that of the embodiment 500 shown in fig 5, in that the radiation elements of the antenna 600 are arranged in columns and rows.
  • fig 6 there is a displacement of phase shift properties in the A direction: as can be seen, if for example, the bottom row of fig 6 is used as a starting point, there is a centre element with elements on either side of it at similar distances with similar phase shifts.
  • Each element in the next row in the A direction has one and the same added phase shift compared with the most adjacent element in the previous row in the A direction.
  • Fig 7 shows yet another embodiment 700 of the invention: in this embodiment, the antenna isn't a reflector, but instead a lens, which thus has energy incident upon it from one direction, said energy exiting the lens 700 in another direction.
  • the antenna isn't a reflector, but instead a lens, which thus has energy incident upon it from one direction, said energy exiting the lens 700 in another direction.
  • This is shown in fig 7, with the energy being incident upon a plane lens, and exiting from the other surface of the plane lens with a beam direction ⁇ which is different from that of the centre line C of the incident wave.
  • the exiting energy also has a beam width which is an angle ⁇ , which is thus different from the plane incident wave.
  • Fig 8 shows a flow chart 800 of some of the major steps for manufacturing an antenna of the invention. Steps which are options or alternatives are shown with dashed lines.
  • the method for manufacturing a repeater antenna of the invention comprises the step 810 of arranging a plurality of radiation elements in a first electrically conducting layer or plane, and the method being also comprises the step 820 of giving the radiation elements such individual phase shift properties with regard to an incident plane electromagnetic wave that a plane electromagnetic wave which is incident on the repeater antenna will be reflected from the repeater antenna with a beam angle ( ⁇ ) and a beam shape ( ⁇ ) which differ in a predetermined way from the beam shape and beam angle which would have been caused by said incident wave by reflection in a reflecting plane with the mechanical shape of the repeater antenna.
  • ⁇ beam angle
  • ⁇ beam shape
  • the beam shape and beam angle of the reflection of the incident plane wave may be made similar to those caused by an electrically conducting pre-defined geometric shape positioned in the position of the repeater antenna.
  • the radiation elements can be given their phase shift properties by means of their individual extensions and distances to adjacent radiation elements
  • the method may comprise the step 850 of arranging a second plane which is an electrically conducting ground plane at a certain predetermined distance from the first plane, and also arranging a third plane which is a layer of dielectric material in order to separates said first and third planes from each other.
  • the radiation elements of the antenna may be dipoles, and these dipoles may be given an essentially straight shape.
  • the radiation elements may be arranged so that an incident plane wave will be reflected with a "defocusing effect", or, as shown in step 870, with a "focusing effect".
  • the antenna of the invention does not need to be essentially flat, as shown in the drawings and as described above.
  • the antenna can be given more or less any geometric shape, if this is thought to aid the performance of the antenna.
  • the antenna can be tilted mechanically upon installation or when installed, in order to achieve further effects with respect to how a reflected wave is focused and/or defocused.
  • the antenna may also be an active repeater antenna, instead of being a passive repeater antenna.
  • a repeater antenna of the invention may be designed so as to give a reflected beam a shape which is more or less arbitrarily chosen.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne de répétition (130, 400, 500, 600, 700) comprenant une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants (410, 412, 414, 416, 418) agencés dans une première couche ou plan conductrice/conducteur, l'antenne de répétition étant caractérisée en ce que les éléments rayonnants se voient conférer de telles propriétés de décalage de phase individuelles par rapport à une onde électromagnétique de plan incident qu'une onde électromagnétique plane (120) qui est incidente sur l'antenne de répétition est réfléchie par l'antenne de répétition avec un angle de faisceau (β) et une forme de faisceau (α) qui diffèrent de manière prédéterminée par rapport à la forme de faisceau et à l'angle de faisceau qui ont été créés par ladite onde incidente par réflexion dans un plan de réflexion présentant la forme mécanique de l'antenne de répétition.
PCT/SE2007/050624 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Antenne de répétition à propriétés de réflexion contrôlées WO2009031957A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2007/050624 WO2009031957A1 (fr) 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Antenne de répétition à propriétés de réflexion contrôlées

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2007/050624 WO2009031957A1 (fr) 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Antenne de répétition à propriétés de réflexion contrôlées

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018156445A1 (fr) * 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositif répéteur passif, réseau de faisceaux hertziens et procédé de conception d'un dispositif répéteur

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4733244A (en) * 1984-08-30 1988-03-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh Polarization separating reflector, especially for microwave transmitter and receiver antennas
EP0891003A1 (fr) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-13 Hughes Electronics Corporation Méthode et système pour améliorer la largeur de bande de réseaux réfléchissants avec directivité donnée
US6067050A (en) * 1997-05-22 2000-05-23 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry Through The Communications Research Centre Techniques for the cancellation of beam squint in planar printed reflectors
WO2001047065A1 (fr) * 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Agencement relatif a des antennes et procede de fabrication
WO2007004926A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne réémettrice passive

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4733244A (en) * 1984-08-30 1988-03-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh Polarization separating reflector, especially for microwave transmitter and receiver antennas
US6067050A (en) * 1997-05-22 2000-05-23 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry Through The Communications Research Centre Techniques for the cancellation of beam squint in planar printed reflectors
EP0891003A1 (fr) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-13 Hughes Electronics Corporation Méthode et système pour améliorer la largeur de bande de réseaux réfléchissants avec directivité donnée
WO2001047065A1 (fr) * 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Agencement relatif a des antennes et procede de fabrication
WO2007004926A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne réémettrice passive

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018156445A1 (fr) * 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositif répéteur passif, réseau de faisceaux hertziens et procédé de conception d'un dispositif répéteur
US11177577B2 (en) 2017-02-21 2021-11-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Passive repeater device, microwave network, and method of designing a repeater device

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