WO2009026750A1 - Chaudière efficace - Google Patents

Chaudière efficace Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009026750A1
WO2009026750A1 PCT/CN2007/002743 CN2007002743W WO2009026750A1 WO 2009026750 A1 WO2009026750 A1 WO 2009026750A1 CN 2007002743 W CN2007002743 W CN 2007002743W WO 2009026750 A1 WO2009026750 A1 WO 2009026750A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace body
flue
pipe
water
heat exchange
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/002743
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gongqin Liu
Original Assignee
Gongqin Liu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gongqin Liu filed Critical Gongqin Liu
Priority to EA200971144A priority Critical patent/EA017717B1/ru
Publication of WO2009026750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009026750A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F28C3/08—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/107—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler, in particular to a high efficiency boiler.
  • Conventional boilers generally use metal pipes to separate water from high-temperature flames and flue gases, and heat exchange between water and high-temperature flames and flue gases in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the structure is complicated, and the efficiency of heat exchange depends entirely on the metal tubes.
  • the thermal conductivity of the material and the effective heat-receiving area, due to the formation of scale when the water is heated to 60 ⁇ 70 degrees, the metal tube used in the traditional boiler is easy to generate scale, and it is difficult to remove and clean, and the scale will seriously affect the thermal conductivity of the metal tube.
  • the thermal efficiency of the boiler is not high; in order to solve the impact of scale formation on the thermal efficiency of the boiler, and simplify the boiler structure and save manufacturing costs, there is a direct heat exchange boiler using the submerged combustion method (also known as the liquid combustion method).
  • direct heat exchange boilers have the following advantages: low exhaust gas temperature, high thermal efficiency, low energy consumption, and relatively simple overall structure of the boiler; however, there are still some shortcomings, such as: Chinese patent No. 200320126592.9 Announced a "direct-change hot water machine", which is arranged horizontally horizontally.
  • the water spray device disposed in the heat exchange tube sprays water mist in a horizontal direction, and the hot air wind direction in the heat exchange tube guided through the hot air pipe is at an angle of 90-120 degrees with the water mist, and heat exchange is performed between the water mist and the hot air.
  • the water mist sprayed by the water spray device falls under the force of gravity, and heat exchange cannot be performed at a full distance, and the heat exchange efficiency is limited.
  • the Chinese patent No. 03242806.5 discloses a "swirl type hot water machine".
  • the hot air generated by the burner enters the heat exchange cylinder through an impeller splitter, and exchanges heat with the spray mist sprayed by the spray device.
  • the use of the device makes the structure of the whole machine more complicated; in addition, a cooling water interlayer is provided, and scale is easily generated in the interlayer, which is difficult to clean;
  • the Chinese patent No. 200420083285.1 discloses a "water-fire compatible hot water boiler" in which a grid array of water droplets is provided to extend the heat exchange time and heat of water droplets and hot air. Exchange efficiency, but the structure is more complicated and the cost is higher; at the same time, a water retaining plate is arranged above the burner in the furnace body to avoid the downward pressure formed during the falling of the water droplets, which causes the flame of the burner to be sprayed back, resulting in the furnace The situation that heat exchange is impossible, but the effect is not good;
  • the Chinese patent No. 99215443 discloses a "spitfire direct water heat exchange device", which The structure is relatively simple, but the water mist sprayed from the sprinkler is convected by the full/full cavity of the furnace body and the hot air convection, and the pressure and speed adjustment between the water mist and the hot air are difficult to grasp, and the water mist is fine and dense, and the water mist is formed.
  • the downward pressure oppresses the flame of the burner to return to the spray; when the water mist is coarse and sparse, the hot air is directly discharged from the exhaust port, causing air consumption, which not only consumes a large amount of energy, but also has a high heat exchange efficiency.
  • the invention provides a high-efficiency boiler in order to solve the problems that the traditional boiler has complicated structure, easy scale formation, poor heat exchange efficiency, and unreasonable structure of the direct heat exchange boiler, and further improves the heat efficiency of the direct heat exchange boiler.
  • a high-efficiency boiler comprising a vertical furnace body for storing water and an upper part for heat exchange, an outlet pipe and a sewage pipe at the lower part of the furnace body, and a smoke exhaust pipe at the upper part, a water pipe, and a sprinkler head connected to the water inlet pipe, wherein a lower portion of the furnace body is provided with a fire exit port for connecting to the burner, and the furnace body is provided with at least one pair of mutually displaced outer flue pipes for vertically separating the upper part of the furnace body
  • the baffle is arranged at the starting end of the flue, and the exhaust pipe is arranged at the outlet end of the flue.
  • the water mist sprayed from the sprinkler head drops to the lower part of the furnace body through the flue pipe between the partitions in the furnace body.
  • the high temperature flame and gas accompanying the flame through the burner port are along the smoke.
  • the passage (as indicated by the arrow in Figure 1) is forced to circulate until it exits the furnace via the exhaust pipe, and the high temperature flame and gas pass through the flue through the direct contact with the falling water mist, eventually achieving heat.
  • the purpose of the exchange is
  • Ignition time 10: 56; ceasefire time: 11: 27; duration: 30 minutes; outdoor temperature at that time:
  • the high-efficiency boiler of the invention adopts a square furnace body, a pair of partitions are built in the furnace body, and a JWC-2HFLT type fuel burner with a power of 200W is used; the specific test data is shown in Table 1:
  • the present invention provides at least one pair (even number) of mutually offset partitions in the furnace body, longitudinally separating the upper portion of the furnace body into a communicating over-flue, forcing a high-temperature flame and gas to circulate through the flue. After that, the heat exchange stroke of the high temperature flame, the gas and the falling water mist is prolonged, so that the high temperature flame, the gas and the water mist sprayed by the shower head can be sufficiently heat exchanged, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler.
  • the high-temperature flame and gas injected from the fire-breathing port are directly discharged from the exhaust pipe above the furnace body, and the heat exchange with the falling water mist cannot be fully performed;
  • the upper part of the furnace body is divided into a plurality of parts, and even in the state where the water mist is fine and dense, the falling water mist sprayed by the shower head falls between the partitions, and the air pressure formed by the falling water mist is compared with the entire furnace body.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable structure, good heat exchange effect, high heat efficiency, difficulty in generating scale, and the air pressure formed by the hot air and the falling water mist is balanced and easy to control; the invention is suitable for indoor picking, and other places where hot water source is required.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • 2 is a temperature curve of water, back water, and smoke exhausting when the invention is specifically used
  • A is the outlet water temperature
  • B is the return water temperature
  • C is the exhaust gas temperature
  • the high-efficiency boiler comprises a vertical furnace body 4 for storing water in the lower part and heat exchange for the upper part, an outlet pipe 9 and a sewage pipe 10 at the lower part of the furnace body 4, a smoke exhaust pipe 3, an inlet pipe 1, and an upper part
  • the shower head 2 is connected to the sprinkler 2, and the lower portion of the furnace body 4 is provided with a spouting port 12 for connecting with the burner.
  • the furnace body 4 is provided with at least one pair of mutually offsetted longitudinally partitioning the upper portion of the furnace body 4.
  • the partition 5 of the flue 6 is provided at the beginning end of the flue 6 and the exhaust pipe 3 is disposed at the outlet end of the flue 6 .
  • the shower head 2 is directly fixed to the top of the furnace body 4 by the bolts 11 as the top cover of the furnace body 4, so that the maintenance of the inside of the furnace body 4 and the shower head 2 itself is facilitated, such as: regularly cleaning the sprinkler head
  • the air pressure formed by the falling water mist causes the high temperature flame and gas generated by the burner to be sprayed back, and the blast port 12 is provided with an extension.
  • the squib tube 7 in the furnace body 4 the nozzle of the squib tube 7 is disposed at the beginning end of the flue duct 6, and the vent tube 3 is disposed at the outlet end of the flue duct 6, and the drop can be reduced by the arrangement of the blast tube 7. The influence of the pressure of the water mist on the blast port 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Description

高效锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锅炉， 具体是一种高效锅炉。
背景技术
传统锅炉一般皆以金属管将水与高温火焰、烟气隔开， 以热传导方式进行 水与高温火焰、烟气之间的热交换， 不但结构复杂， 而且其热交换的效率完全 取决于金属管材质的导热系数以及有效受热面积，由于水在加热至 60〜70度时 即会生成水垢， 传统锅炉所采用的金属管内易生成水垢， 且不易去除清理， 同 时水垢会严重影响金属管的导热性能，进而导致锅炉使用时热效率不高；为解 决水垢生成对锅炉热效率的影响， 并简化锅炉结构， 节约制造成本， 目前出现 了应用浸没燃烧法（又称液中燃烧法）的直接热交换式锅炉，与传统锅炉相比， 直接热交换式锅炉具有： 排烟温度低， 热效率高， 能耗低， 锅炉整体结构相对 简单等优点； 但仍存在不足之处， 例如： 专利号为 200320126592.9的中国专利 公布了一种"直换式热水机"，其呈水平卧式布置， 其换热筒内设置的水喷雾装 置以水平方向喷出水雾，而经由热风管导向输入换热筒内的热风风向与水雾呈 90-120度夹角，在水雾与热风进行热交换的同时， 由水喷雾装置喷出的水雾在 重力作用下下落， 不能全距离进行热交换， 换热效率受到限制。
专利号为 03242806.5的中国专利公布了一种"回旋式热水机"， 燃烧器产生 的热风经由一个叶轮分流器进入换热筒体内，与喷雾装置喷下的水雾进行热交 换， 由于叶轮分流器的采用使整机结构较为复杂； 另外， 设置有冷却水夹层， 夹层内易生成水垢， 不易清理；
又如： 专利号为 200420083285.1的中国专利公布了一种"水火相容式热水 锅炉"， 在炉体内设置有实现水滴花洒的栅杆阵列， 用以延长水滴与热风的热 交换时间、热交换效率， 但结构较为复杂， 成本较高； 同时炉体内燃烧器上方 设置有挡水板， 以避免水滴下落过程中， 形成的向下气压过大， 而导致燃烧器 的火焰回喷， 致使炉内无法进行热交换的情况出现， 但使用效果不佳；
专利号为 99215443的中国专利公布了一种"喷火淋水直接换热装置"， 其 结构较为简单， 但由于喷淋器喷出的水雾在炉体内满 /整腔向下与热风对流， 水雾与热风之间的压力、速度调整不易掌握， 水雾细、密， 则形成的向下气压 压迫燃烧器的火焰回喷； 水雾粗、疏， 则热风直接由排气口排出， 造成空耗现 象， 不但能耗大， 而且换热效率不高。
发明内容
本发明为了解决传统锅炉结构复杂、易生成水垢、热交换效率不佳， 而现 有直接热交换式锅炉结构不合理等问题，并进一步提高直接热交换式锅炉热效 率， 提供了一种高效锅炉。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的： 高效锅炉， 包括下部用于储水、上部 用于换热的立式炉体， 炉体下部设有出水管、排污管， 上部设有排烟管、进水 管、 以及与进水管相连的喷淋头， 炉体下部设有用于与燃烧器相连的喷火口， 炉体内设置有至少一对相互错开的、将炉体上部纵向分隔成连通的过烟道的隔 板， 炉体上的喷火口设置于过烟道的起始端， 排烟管设置于过烟道的出口端。
使用时， 由喷淋头喷出的水雾经炉体内隔板之间的过烟道下落至炉体下 部， 在下落过程中， 经由喷火口喷入炉体的高温火焰、气体沿着过烟道（如附 图 1中箭头所示方向）强制循环穿过，直至经由排烟管排出炉体，在高温火焰、 气体沿着过烟道穿过的同时与下落水雾直接接触， 最终实现热交换的目的。
为充分说明本发明所述高效锅炉的使用效果， 作如下测试：
点火时间： 10: 56； 停火时间： 11 : 27； 历时： 30分钟； 当时室外温度：
24度； 室内温度： 24度； 本发明高效锅炉采用方炉体， 炉体内置一对隔板， 采用功率 200W的 JYC-2HFLT型燃油燃烧器； 具体测试数据如表 1所示：
项目 出水温度 C 回水温度 °c 排烟温度°0 出水压力 MPa 时间
泵电流 A
10： 56 24 24 0.17MPa
10： 59 32 29 54 0.17MPa
11： 02 40 37 60 0.17MPa 11： 05 48 44 70 0.17MPa
11： 08 54 50 76 0.17MPa
11： 11 58 54 82 0.17MPa
11： 14 60 57 86 0.16MPa
11： 17 64 61 92 0.16MPa
11： 20 67 64 96 0.16MPa
11： 23 69 66 100 0.16MPa 4.3A
11： 26 70 68 102 0.16MPa 从上表可以看出： 点火 9分钟后， 出水温度即达到 48°C， 而排烟管处的 温度仅 70°C， 达到了较好的换热效果。
与现有技术相比， 本发明在炉体内设置至少一对（偶数个）相互错开的隔 板， 将炉体上部纵向分隔成连通的过烟道， 强制高温火焰、气体沿过烟道循环 穿过， 延长了高温火焰、气体与下落水雾的热交换行程， 使高温火焰、气体与 由喷淋头喷下的水雾能充分热交换， 提高锅炉整体热效率。 同时，避免了水雾 粗、疏状态下，由喷火口喷入的高温火焰、气体直接由炉体上方的排烟管排出， 不能充分与下落水雾进行热交换的情况出现；另外， 隔板将炉体上部分隔成若 干个部分， 即使在水雾细、密的状态下， 由喷淋头喷出的下落水雾由隔板之间 落下， 其间下落水雾形成的气压较之整个炉体内整腔下落水雾形成的压力要 小， 因此喷火口处受到气压相对要小一些， 不易出现回喷现象； 同时， 由于由 喷淋头喷出的水雾直接冲刷隔板和炉壁， 不易结垢； 即使产生少量水垢， 在水 雾的冲刷下会落入炉内下方， 可排污管排掉。
本发明结构简单、合理， 热交换效果好， 热效率高， 不易生成水垢， 热风 与下落水雾形成的气压适应均衡， 易于控制； 本发明适用于室内采暧、 以及其 它需要热水源的场所。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的结构示意图； 图 2为本发明具体使用时出水、 回水、 排烟的温度曲线；
图中： 1-进水管； 2-喷淋头； 3-排烟管； 4-炉体； 5-隔板； 6-过烟道；
7-喷火管； 8-燃烧器； 9-出水管； 10-排污管； 11-螺栓； 12-喷火口；
A为出水温度； B为回水温度； C为排烟温度。
具体实施方式
高效锅炉， 包括下部用于储水、 上部用于换热的立式炉体 4， 炉体 4下部 设有出水管 9、 排污管 10， 上部设有排烟管 3、 进水管 1、 以及与进水管 1相 连的喷淋头 2，炉体 4下部设有用于与燃烧器相连的喷火口 12，炉体 4内设置 有至少一对相互错开的、 将炉体 4上部纵向分隔成连通的过烟道 6的隔板 5， 炉体 4上的喷火口 12设置于过烟道 6的起始端， 排烟管 3设置于过烟道 6的 出口端。
具体实施时， 喷淋头 2作为炉体 4顶盖通过螺栓 11直接固定于炉体 4顶 部， 这样便于对炉体 4内、和喷淋头 2本身进行维护处理， 如： 定期清理喷淋 头； 另外， 为避免下落水雾形成的气压使喷火口无法喷出的高温火焰及气体， 即下落水雾形成的气压使燃烧器产生的高温火焰、 气体回喷， 喷火口 12处设 置有伸入炉体 4内的喷火管 7， 喷火管 7管口设置于过烟道 6的起始端， 排烟 管 3设置于过烟道 6的出口端，通过喷火管 7的设置能够减少下落水雾形成的 气压对喷火口 12的影响。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种高效锅炉， 包括下部用于储水、 上部用于换热的立式炉体（4)， 炉体（4)下部设有出水管（9)、 排污管（10)， 上部设有排烟管（3)、进水管
( 1 )、 以及与进水管（1 )相连的喷淋头（2)， 炉体（4)下部设有用于与燃烧 器（8)相连的喷火口 （12)， 其特征在于炉体（4) 内设置有至少一对相互错 开的、将炉体（4)上部纵向分隔成连通的过烟道（6) 的隔板（5)， 炉体（4) 上的喷火口 （12)设置于过烟道的起始端， 排烟管（3)设置于过烟道（6)的 出口端。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的高效锅炉， 其特征在于喷火口 （12) 处设置有 伸入炉体（4) 内的喷火管 （7)， 喷火管 （7) 管口设置于过烟道（6) 的起始 端， 排烟管 （3 ) 设置于过烟道 （6) 的出口端。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的高效锅炉， 其特征在于喷淋头（2)作为炉 体 （4)顶盖通过螺栓 （11 ) 直接固定于炉体（4)顶部。
PCT/CN2007/002743 2007-08-25 2007-09-18 Chaudière efficace WO2009026750A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200971144A EA017717B1 (ru) 2007-08-25 2007-09-18 Высокоэффективный котел

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200710139290A CN100585291C (zh) 2007-08-25 2007-08-25 高效锅炉
CN200710139290.8 2007-08-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009026750A1 true WO2009026750A1 (fr) 2009-03-05

Family

ID=39022310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2007/002743 WO2009026750A1 (fr) 2007-08-25 2007-09-18 Chaudière efficace

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100585291C (zh)
EA (1) EA017717B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009026750A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2807837C1 (ru) * 2023-05-07 2023-11-21 Миронов Александр Александрович Многотопливный котел длительного горения

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106765078B (zh) * 2016-11-28 2023-09-05 王继斌 水火直热全氧燃烧采暖炉

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04244549A (ja) * 1991-01-30 1992-09-01 Dowa:Kk 直火式温水器
JPH08285369A (ja) * 1995-04-12 1996-11-01 Swork:Kk 直火式温水装置における再加熱方法およびその装置
CN1271832A (zh) * 1999-04-25 2000-11-01 刘工勤 喷淋热交换装置
CN2591498Y (zh) * 2002-12-19 2003-12-10 胡晓平 直燃式双室热力机
CN1508489A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-30 胡晓平 直燃式双效热力机

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04244549A (ja) * 1991-01-30 1992-09-01 Dowa:Kk 直火式温水器
JPH08285369A (ja) * 1995-04-12 1996-11-01 Swork:Kk 直火式温水装置における再加熱方法およびその装置
CN1271832A (zh) * 1999-04-25 2000-11-01 刘工勤 喷淋热交换装置
CN2591498Y (zh) * 2002-12-19 2003-12-10 胡晓平 直燃式双室热力机
CN1508489A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-30 胡晓平 直燃式双效热力机

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2807837C1 (ru) * 2023-05-07 2023-11-21 Миронов Александр Александрович Многотопливный котел длительного горения

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100585291C (zh) 2010-01-27
EA200971144A1 (ru) 2010-10-29
EA017717B1 (ru) 2013-02-28
CN101113840A (zh) 2008-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN202141195U (zh) 一种带余热利用装置真空热水锅炉
CN204043209U (zh) 一种即热式u型槽导流板换热器
CN101307951B (zh) 水火直换式高效多用热水机组
CN205245139U (zh) 一种高效蒸汽发生器
CN201121980Y (zh) 水火直接热交换式锅炉
WO2009026750A1 (fr) Chaudière efficace
CN207422187U (zh) 一种具有尾废处理功能的蒸汽锅炉
CN201021844Y (zh) 水火热水机组
CN213453584U (zh) 一种0.5t贯流式蒸汽发生器
CN201014711Y (zh) 高效节能茶水炉
CN101413758B (zh) 钢帘线奥氏体炉高温废热气再利用装置
CN201165514Y (zh) 负压式节能环保煤气发生炉及煤气净化装置
CN204345922U (zh) 一种高效烟气冷凝余热回收装置及具有该回收装置的燃气模块炉
CN207661975U (zh) 一种高效热水锅炉
CN206803473U (zh) 一种水火直接换热式锅炉
CN201233091Y (zh) 水火直换式高效多用热水机组
CN202792545U (zh) 一种带废热回收装置的燃气热水器
CN201032278Y (zh) 高效节能燃气热交换器
CN220136110U (zh) 一种锅炉燃烧的蒸汽余热回收装置
CN2585109Y (zh) 直接接触换热式热媒锅炉
CN203731685U (zh) 冷凝换热热水机组中的燃烧室烟气导出装置
CN107631477A (zh) 一种多回程湿背式锅炉的制备方法
CN201259206Y (zh) 玻璃窑余热发电锅炉
CN213841333U (zh) 一种卧式超低氮直燃式中央热水机组
CN203501436U (zh) 超效节能环保锅炉

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07816360

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200971144

Country of ref document: EA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07816360

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1