WO2009024672A2 - Integration of several separation units - Google Patents

Integration of several separation units Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009024672A2
WO2009024672A2 PCT/FR2008/000950 FR2008000950W WO2009024672A2 WO 2009024672 A2 WO2009024672 A2 WO 2009024672A2 FR 2008000950 W FR2008000950 W FR 2008000950W WO 2009024672 A2 WO2009024672 A2 WO 2009024672A2
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Prior art keywords
air
nitrogen
cold
cold boxes
collector
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PCT/FR2008/000950
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French (fr)
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WO2009024672A3 (en
Inventor
Alain Briglia
Laurent Samy
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L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of WO2009024672A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009024672A2/en
Publication of WO2009024672A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009024672A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04969—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing air fractionation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/32—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as direct contact cooling tower to produce a cooled gas stream, e.g. direct contact after cooler [DCAC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/34—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as evaporative cooling tower to produce chilled water, e.g. evaporative water chiller [EWC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the integration of several separation units.
  • the present invention is applicable to processes for separating air gases by cryogenic distillation, in particular of the internal compression type
  • (Oxygen gas is produced by vaporization under pressure in the exchange line) for example in the presence of air boosters, where at least three (n) cold boxes are fed by at least two (m) main air compressors and possibly (p) air boosters, with (q) air cooling towers by direct contact with water, at least three (r) overhead cleaners to purify the air, (s) towers cooling water by direct contact with nitrogen from an air separation apparatus, where p ⁇ 1, q ⁇ 1, s ⁇ 1
  • collectors or networks interconnecting the different equipment between them.
  • the collectors or networks that can be used to solve the problems mentioned above can be broken down as well (note that not all the networks listed below are necessarily installed): o medium-pressure humid air network, medium-pressure dry air network, interconnecting the air compressors, before and after the overhead treatment o
  • the humid air network makes it possible to accommodate a number of air compressors. different main air downstream equipment. For example :
  • the largest portion of the waste nitrogen produced is generally used in the water cooling tower by direct contact with nitrogen from a cooling device. air separation which is close to the cold box to minimize the size of the collectors. The other part of the flow is sent into an impure nitrogen network which feeds certain adsorbers individually in order to ensure their regeneration. For example :
  • a cold box fed by two head purifications has two different fluids to regenerate each purification at the head. This avoids stalling the entire pressure circuit of the air separation unit on the worst performing head cleaning in pressure drop.
  • a fluid that is not dependent on the residual nitrogen may be used, such as expanded medium-pressure nitrogen, for example.
  • a cold water network interconnects the cooling circuits resulting from the nitrogen water towers supplying the water air towers.
  • the cold water network resulting from the direct contact turns of water cooling by heat exchange with nitrogen is revealed. Useful when the number of direct contact water nitrogen turns is different from the number of direct air water contact turns. For example :
  • the networks or collectors also make it possible to connect together equipment of identical function but of different size, thus globalizing the flows, to be able to redistribute them on downstream equipment equal in number to those upstream but of different sizes having a total capacity identical to the upstream equipment.
  • an air separation installation by cryogenic distillation comprising n cold boxes where n> 3, r air cleaning apparatus where r ⁇ 3,, m main air compressors where m ⁇ 2 to compress the air from the ambient pressure and connected to the n cold boxes to supply compressed air, a nitrogen collector from at least a first and a second of the cold boxes connected to at least a first and a second air cleaning apparatus characterized in that at least one third air cleaning apparatus is not connected to the nitrogen trap and is connected by a supply line of nitrogen to at least a third of the cold boxes.
  • the third air purification device not connected to the collector, the nitrogen supply line and the third cold boxes connected to the supply line are connected through an expansion means d nitrogen.
  • the expansion means is a turbine.
  • the third cold box is connected to the first, second and third air cleaning apparatus for receiving purified air from these devices.
  • the third purification device is connected to the third cold box so that in operation it receives nitrogen of a purity different from that of the nitrogen circulating in the collector.
  • the third purification device is connected to the third cold box so that in operation it receives nitrogen with a pressure different from that of the nitrogen circulating in the collector.
  • each of the cold boxes comprises a double air separation column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, the medium pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure and the low pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure.
  • the nitrogen collector is connected to the low pressure columns of the first and second cold boxes while the nitrogen line is connected to the medium pressure column of the third cold box.
  • a process for separating air by cryogenic distillation using at least three cold boxes, at least two air compressors and at least three air cleaning apparatus in which: sends compressed air from the at least two air compressors to the at least three air cleaning apparatuses to form purified air; ii) purified air is supplied from at least three purification apparatuses; at least three cold boxes iii) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least two of the cold boxes to a header and then to at least two of the air-purifying apparatus and characterized in that iv) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least one of the cold boxes to at least one of the air purification units without passing through the collector.
  • the regeneration nitrogen of steps iii) and iv) have different regeneration pressures and / or purities.
  • the nitrogen rates have different purities if their purity differs by at least 1 mol%.
  • Either each of the cold boxes and / or each of the purification apparatus and / or each of the cooling towers is adapted to process an identical flow rate, ie each of the cold boxes and / or each of the purification apparatus and / or each of the cooling towers is adapted to process a different flow rate.
  • Compressed air in at least two main air compressors is sent to an air collector connected to at least three of the cold boxes
  • a typical water circulation circuit between the air cooling tower by direct contact with water and the water cooling tower by direct contact with nitrogen from an air separation apparatus is described in "Industrial Gas Handbook" of FG Kerry, 2007, pages 112-113. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which shows an integrated installation of three air separation apparatuses according to the invention.
  • the installation comprises five main air compressors 1, five air cooling towers by direct contact with water 2, five air cleaning units 3, four pressure booster compressors. air 4, three cold boxes 5, three cooling towers of water by direct contact with nitrogen 6 and three pumps 7 of cooled water in the towers 6.
  • Each of the cold boxes 5, 5 ' comprises a double air separation column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, and an exchanger for cooling the air to a cryogenic temperature.
  • the medium pressure columns of each of the three cold boxes preferably operate at substantially the same pressure and the low pressure columns of each of the three cold boxes preferably operate at substantially the same pressure.
  • the compressed air in the five compressors 1 and sent to a wet air collector 10. From this collector 10, the moist air is distributed at five cooling towers 2 and then sent from each tower to a respective purification apparatus 3,3 'without being mixed.
  • the purified air is sent to a manifold 13 of medium pressure dry air.
  • the air from this collector is sent partly directly to the three cold boxes 5,5 'without being overpressed and partly to the boosters 4 connected in parallel.
  • the outlets of the boosters 4 are connected to a high-pressure dry air manifold 14 which distributes the high-pressure air to the three cold boxes 5, 5 '.
  • Low pressure residual nitrogen from each cold box 5,5 ' is sent to an associated water cooling tower 6,6'.
  • the remainder of the low pressure residual nitrogen from two apparatuses 5 is sent to a nitrogen trap 12 which distributes the nitrogen to the four air cleaning apparatuses 3 to regenerate the bottles.
  • the water cooled in each nitrogen water cooling tower 6,6 ' is pumped by a respective pump 7 and then sent to a cold water collector 11 which distributes the water to the five air cooling towers by direct contact with water. 2.
  • One of the air cleaning apparatus 3 ' is supplied with nitrogen not by the collector 12 but only by medium pressure nitrogen from a line 15 connected to the third cold box 5' to through a medium pressure nitrogen expansion turbine 16.
  • the nitrogen trap 12 is connected only to the low pressure columns of the first and second cold boxes while the nitrogen line 15 is connected only to the medium pressure column of the third cold box.
  • the cold box 5 ' is fed by five purification units at the top 3,3' and has two different fluids to regenerate the purification apparatus at the head which feed it, since the purification apparatus 3 are regenerated with the waste nitrogen and the purification apparatus 3 'is regenerated by expanded medium pressure nitrogen. This avoids stalling the entire pressure circuit of the air separation unit on the worst performing head cleaning loss of pressure.

Abstract

An air separation installation by cryogenic distillation comprises at least three cold chambers (5,5'), at least three air scrubbers (3,3'), at least two main air compressors (1) to compress air from ambient pressure, means (12) for delivering nitrogen from at least two cold chambers to at least two scrubbing devices passing through a collector and means (15,16) for delivering nitrogen to at least one other of the cold chambers and to at least one other scrubbing device without passing through the collector.

Description

Intégration de plusieurs unités de séparation Integration of several separation units
La présente invention concerne l'intégration de plusieurs unités de séparation.The present invention relates to the integration of several separation units.
La présente invention s'applique aux procédés de séparation des gaz de l'air par distillation cryogénique, en particulier du type à compression interneThe present invention is applicable to processes for separating air gases by cryogenic distillation, in particular of the internal compression type
(oxygène gazeux est produit par vaporisation sous pression dans la ligne d'échange) par exemple en présence de surpresseurs d'air, où au moins trois (n) boites froides sont alimentées par au moins deux (m) compresseurs d'air principaux et éventuellement (p) surpresseurs d'air, avec (q) tours de refroidissement d'air par contact direct avec de l'eau, au moins trois (r) appareils d'épuration en tête pour épurer l'air, (s) tours de refroidissement d'eau par contact direct avec l'azote provenant d'un appareil de séparation d'air, où p ≠ 1 , q ≠ 1 , s ≠ 1(Oxygen gas is produced by vaporization under pressure in the exchange line) for example in the presence of air boosters, where at least three (n) cold boxes are fed by at least two (m) main air compressors and possibly (p) air boosters, with (q) air cooling towers by direct contact with water, at least three (r) overhead cleaners to purify the air, (s) towers cooling water by direct contact with nitrogen from an air separation apparatus, where p ≠ 1, q ≠ 1, s ≠ 1
Lorsque plusieurs unités de séparation des gaz de l'air de tailles identiques ou différentes sont installées sur un même site, il peut se révéler nécessaire dans certains cas o de maximiser la taille de certain type de machine ou d'équipement et ainsi avoir moins d'équipement à installer o d'éviter d'installer des tailles des machines ou d'équipement hors de références industrielles connues compatibles unitairement avec la taille des boites froides o d'améliorer la fiabilité du site. o de réutiliser des machines ou équipement existants qui ne sont pas nécessairement compatibles avec la taille de la ou des boites froides, limitant ainsi l'investissementWhen several air separation units of the same or different sizes are installed on the same site, it may be necessary in some cases to maximize the size of some type of machine or equipment and thus have less equipment to be installed or to avoid installing machine or equipment sizes out of known industrial references compatible with the size of the cold boxes or to improve the reliability of the site. o reuse existing machinery or equipment that is not necessarily compatible with the size of the cold box (s), thus limiting the investment
Pour cela, la création de collecteurs ou réseaux, interconnectant les différents équipements entre eux est une solution. Les collecteurs ou réseaux pouvant servir à résoudre les problématiques citées ci-dessus se déclinent ainsi (à noter que tous les réseaux cités ci après ne sont pas nécessairement installés): o réseau d'air humide moyenne pression, réseau d'air sec moyenne pression, interconnectant les compresseurs d'air, avant et après les épurations en tête o Le réseau d'air humide permet de s'accommoder d'un nombre de compresseurs d'air principaux différents des équipements en aval. Par exemple :For this, the creation of collectors or networks, interconnecting the different equipment between them is a solution. The collectors or networks that can be used to solve the problems mentioned above can be broken down as well (note that not all the networks listed below are necessarily installed): o medium-pressure humid air network, medium-pressure dry air network, interconnecting the air compressors, before and after the overhead treatment o The humid air network makes it possible to accommodate a number of air compressors. different main air downstream equipment. For example :
• m compresseur(s) principal (aux) d'air alimentant q tours air eau avec q = m + x, ou r épurations avec r = m + x ; où m ≥ 1 etx≥ 1• m main compressor (s) of air supplying q turns air water with q = m + x, or r purifications with r = m + x; where m ≥ 1 etx≥ 1
• m compresseurs principaux d'air alimentant q tour(s) air eau avec q = m - x, ou r épurations avec r = m-x; où m-x>Oet x≠O o Le réseau d'air sec moyenne pression permet de s'accommoder d'un nombre d'épuration en tête différents des équipements en aval• m main air compressors supplying q tower (s) air water with q = m - x, or r purifications with r = m-x; where m-x> O and x ≠ O o The medium-pressure dry air network accommodates a different number of purification at the head of downstream equipment
• r épuration(s) en tête alimentant n boites froides avec n = r + x, ou p compresseurs booster d'air avec p = r + x; où r ≥ 1 et x ≥ 1 • r épurations en tête alimentant n boite(s) froides(s) avec n = r - x, ou p compresseurs booster d'air avec p = r-x; où r-x>Oetx ≠O o réseau d'air haute pression interconnectant les compresseurs boosters d'air en sortie o Le réseau d'air sec haute pression permet de s'accommoder un nombre de compresseurs de surpression d'air différent du nombre des équipements en aval. Par exemple :• r purification (s) at the head supplying n cold boxes with n = r + x, or p air booster compressors with p = r + x; where r ≥ 1 and x ≥ 1 • head cleaning feeding n cold box (s) with n = r - x, or p air booster compressors with p = r-x; where rx> Oetx ≠ O o high pressure air network interconnecting the air booster compressors at the outlet o The high pressure dry air network makes it possible to accommodate a number of air compressors different from the number of equipment downstream. For example :
• p compresseur(s) booster d'air alimentant n boites froides avec n = p + x ; où p > 1 et x ≥ 1• compressor (s) air booster supplying n cold boxes with n = p + x; where p> 1 and x ≥ 1
• p compresseurs booster d'air alimentant n boite(s) froide(s) avec n = p-x; où p-x>0 et x≠O o Note : Dans le cas où il y a plusieurs compresseurs de surpression d'air, il peut être avantageux de surdimensionner légèrement chaque compresseur de surpression d'air afin d'améliorer la fiabilité du site. En fait en régime normal tous les compresseurs de surpression d'air opèrent à une charge réduite (préférablement au-dessus de 70%), et lorsque l'un de ces compresseurs de surpression d'air s'arrête, les autres compresseurs de surpression restants sont poussés à leur maximum de façon à compenser soit totalement ou partiellement le déficit d'air haute pression • Capacité maximale d'une machine respecte la règle suivante :• p air booster compressors supplying n cold box (s) with n = px; where px> 0 and x ≠ O o Note: In the case where there are several air overpressure compressors, it may be advantageous to slightly oversize each air compressor to improve the reliability of the site. In fact under normal conditions all air pressure compressors operate at a reduced load (preferably above 70%), and when one of these air compressors stops, the other pressure boosters remaining are pushed to their maximum so as to compensate either totally or partially the high pressure air deficit • Maximum capacity of a machine complies with the following rule:
CM = C-Mr ≥ 0.70 avec :
Figure imgf000005_0001
o CM = capacité d'une machine en marche maximale o Cτ = capacité totale des machines en marche nominale o CE = capacité effaçable o NBAC = nombre total de compresseurs installés o CN = capacité d'une machine en marche nominale réduite o réseau d'azote impur interconnectant les circuits de régénération des adsorbeurs o La plus large portion de l'azote résiduaire produit est utilisée généralement dans la tour de refroidissement d'eau par contact direct avec de l'azote provenant d'un appareil de séparation d'air qui se trouve proche de la boite froide afin de minimiser la taille des collecteurs. L'autre partie du débit est envoyé dans un réseau d'azote impur qui alimente individuellement certains adsorbeurs afin d'en assurer leur régénération. Par exemple :C M = C -Mr ≥ 0.70 with:
Figure imgf000005_0001
o C M = capacity of a machine in maximum running o C τ = total capacity of machines in nominal operation o C E = erasable capacity o N BAC = total number of compressors installed o C N = capacity of a machine in nominal operation reduced o network of impure nitrogen interconnecting the adsorber regeneration circuits o The largest portion of the waste nitrogen produced is generally used in the water cooling tower by direct contact with nitrogen from a cooling device. air separation which is close to the cold box to minimize the size of the collectors. The other part of the flow is sent into an impure nitrogen network which feeds certain adsorbers individually in order to ensure their regeneration. For example :
• n boites froides alimentant r épuration(s) en tête avec r = n - x; où n - x > 0 et x ≠ O Une boite froide alimentée par deux épurations en tête a deux fluides différents pour régénérer chaque épuration en tête. Cela évite de caler tout le circuit de pression de l'unité de séparation d'air sur l'épuration en tête la moins performante en perte de charge. A ces fins un fluide non dépendant de l'azote résiduaire peut être utilisé, comme de l'azote moyenne pression détendu par exemple.• n cold boxes feeding the treatment (s) at the head with r = n - x; where n - x> 0 and x ≠ O A cold box fed by two head purifications has two different fluids to regenerate each purification at the head. This avoids stalling the entire pressure circuit of the air separation unit on the worst performing head cleaning in pressure drop. For these purposes, a fluid that is not dependent on the residual nitrogen may be used, such as expanded medium-pressure nitrogen, for example.
Un réseau d'eau froide interconnecte les circuits de refroidissement issus des tours eau azote alimentant les tours air eau o Le réseau d'eau froide issu des tours de contact direct de refroidissement d'eau par échange de chaleur avec de l'azote se révèle utile quand le nombre de tours de contact direct eau azote est différent du nombre de tours de contact direct air eau. Par exemple :A cold water network interconnects the cooling circuits resulting from the nitrogen water towers supplying the water air towers. The cold water network resulting from the direct contact turns of water cooling by heat exchange with nitrogen is revealed. Useful when the number of direct contact water nitrogen turns is different from the number of direct air water contact turns. For example :
• s tour(s) eau azote alimentant q tours air eau avec q = s + x ; où s > 1 et x > 1 • s tours eau azote alimentant q tour(s) air eau avec q = s - x; où s - x > 0 et x ≠ O • turn (s) nitrogen water feeding q turns air water with q = s + x; where s> 1 and x> 1 • s turns nitrogen water feeding q tower (s) air water with q = s - x; where s - x> 0 and x ≠ O
Pour tous les réseaux ou collecteurs mentionnés précédemment, les réseaux ou collecteurs permettent aussi de connecter entre eux des équipements de fonction identique mais de taille différente, globalisant ainsi les flux, pour pouvoir les redistribuer sur les équipements en aval égaux en nombre à ceux en amont, mais de tailles différentes ayant une capacité totale identique aux équipements en amont.For all the networks or collectors mentioned above, the networks or collectors also make it possible to connect together equipment of identical function but of different size, thus globalizing the flows, to be able to redistribute them on downstream equipment equal in number to those upstream but of different sizes having a total capacity identical to the upstream equipment.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu une installation de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant n boîtes froides où n> 3, r appareils d'épuration d'air où r≥ 3, , m compresseurs principaux d'air où m≥ 2 pour comprimer l'air à partir de la pression ambiante et reliés aux n boîtes froides pour y fournir de l'air comprimé, un collecteur d'azote provenant d'au moins une première et une deuxième des boîtes froides relié à au moins un premier et un deuxième appareils d'épuration d'air caractérisée en ce qu' au moins un troisième appareil d'épuration d'air n'est pas relié au collecteur d'azote et est relié par une conduite de fourniture d'azote à au moins une troisième des boîtes froides .According to an object of the invention, there is provided an air separation installation by cryogenic distillation comprising n cold boxes where n> 3, r air cleaning apparatus where r≥ 3,, m main air compressors where m≥ 2 to compress the air from the ambient pressure and connected to the n cold boxes to supply compressed air, a nitrogen collector from at least a first and a second of the cold boxes connected to at least a first and a second air cleaning apparatus characterized in that at least one third air cleaning apparatus is not connected to the nitrogen trap and is connected by a supply line of nitrogen to at least a third of the cold boxes.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques facultatives : - le troisième appareil d'épuration d'air non relié au collecteur, la conduite de fourniture d'azote et la troisième des boîtes froides reliée à la conduite de fourniture sont reliés à travers un moyen de détente d'azote .According to other optional features: - the third air purification device not connected to the collector, the nitrogen supply line and the third cold boxes connected to the supply line are connected through an expansion means d nitrogen.
- le moyen de détente est une turbine .the expansion means is a turbine.
- la troisième boîte froide est reliée aux premier, deuxième et troisième appareils d'épuration d'air pour recevoir de l'air épuré provenant de ces appareils.- The third cold box is connected to the first, second and third air cleaning apparatus for receiving purified air from these devices.
- le troisième appareil d'épuration est relié à la troisième boîte froide de sorte qu'en fonctionnement il reçoit de l'azote d'une pureté différente de celle de l'azote circulant dans le collecteur. - le troisième appareil d'épuration est relié à la troisième boîte froide de sorte qu'en fonctionnement il reçoit de l'azote d'une pression différente de celle de l'azote circulant dans le collecteur.the third purification device is connected to the third cold box so that in operation it receives nitrogen of a purity different from that of the nitrogen circulating in the collector. the third purification device is connected to the third cold box so that in operation it receives nitrogen with a pressure different from that of the nitrogen circulating in the collector.
- chacune des boîtes froides comprend une double colonne de séparation d'air constituée par une colonne moyenne pression et une colonne basse pression, les colonnes moyenne pression de chacune des boîtes froides opérant de préférence sensiblement à la même pression et les colonnes basse pression de chacune des boîtes froides opérant de préférence sensiblement à la même pression . - le collecteur d'azote est relié aux colonnes basse pression des premier et deuxième boîtes froides alors que la conduite d'azote est reliée à la colonne moyenne pression de la troisième boîte froide.each of the cold boxes comprises a double air separation column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, the medium pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure and the low pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure. - The nitrogen collector is connected to the low pressure columns of the first and second cold boxes while the nitrogen line is connected to the medium pressure column of the third cold box.
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, un procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique utilisant au moins trois boîtes froides, au moins deux compresseurs d'air et au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air dans lequel : i) on envoie de l'air comprimé des au moins deux compresseurs d'air aux au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air pour former de l'air épuré ii) on envoie de l'air épuré des au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air aux au moins trois boîtes froides iii) on envoie de l'azote de régénération d'au moins deux des boîtes froides à un collecteur et ensuite à au moins deux des appareils d'épuration d'air et caractérisé en ce que iv) on envoie de l'azote de régénération d'au moins une des boîtes froides à au moins un des appareils d'épuration d'air sans passer par le collecteur.According to another object of the invention, a process for separating air by cryogenic distillation using at least three cold boxes, at least two air compressors and at least three air cleaning apparatus in which: sends compressed air from the at least two air compressors to the at least three air cleaning apparatuses to form purified air; ii) purified air is supplied from at least three purification apparatuses; at least three cold boxes iii) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least two of the cold boxes to a header and then to at least two of the air-purifying apparatus and characterized in that iv) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least one of the cold boxes to at least one of the air purification units without passing through the collector.
Eventuellement l'azote de régénération des étapes iii) et iv) ont des pressions de régénération et/ou des puretés différentes.Optionally the regeneration nitrogen of steps iii) and iv) have different regeneration pressures and / or purities.
Les débits d'azote ont des puretés différentes si leur pureté diffère d'au moins 1% mol.The nitrogen rates have different purities if their purity differs by at least 1 mol%.
Soit chacune des boites froides et/ou chacun des appareils d'épuration et/ou chacune des tours de refroidissement est adapté(e) à traiter un débit identique, soit chacune des boites froides et/ou chacun des appareils d'épuration et/ou chacune des tours de refroidissement est adapté(e) à traiter un débit différent.Either each of the cold boxes and / or each of the purification apparatus and / or each of the cooling towers is adapted to process an identical flow rate, ie each of the cold boxes and / or each of the purification apparatus and / or each of the cooling towers is adapted to process a different flow rate.
De l'air comprimé dans au moins deux compresseurs principaux d'air est envoyé à un collecteur d'air relié à au moins trois des boîtes froides Un circuit typique de circulation d'eau entre la tour de refroidissement d'air par contact direct avec l'eau et la tour de refroidissement d'eau par contact direct avec l'azote provenant d'un appareil de séparation d'air est décrit dans « Industrial Gas Handbook » de F.G. Kerry, 2007, pages 112 et 113. L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure qui montre une installation intégrée de trois appareils de séparation d'air selon l'invention.Compressed air in at least two main air compressors is sent to an air collector connected to at least three of the cold boxes A typical water circulation circuit between the air cooling tower by direct contact with water and the water cooling tower by direct contact with nitrogen from an air separation apparatus is described in "Industrial Gas Handbook" of FG Kerry, 2007, pages 112-113. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which shows an integrated installation of three air separation apparatuses according to the invention.
Dans la Figure 1 , l'installation comprend cinq compresseurs d'air principaux 1 , cinq tours de refroidissement d'air par contact direct avec de l'eau 2, cinq appareils d'épuration d'air 3, quatre compresseurs de surpression d'air 4, trois boîtes froides 5, trois tours de refroidissement d'eau par contact direct avec de l'azote 6 et trois pompes 7 d'eau refroidie dans les tours 6.In Figure 1, the installation comprises five main air compressors 1, five air cooling towers by direct contact with water 2, five air cleaning units 3, four pressure booster compressors. air 4, three cold boxes 5, three cooling towers of water by direct contact with nitrogen 6 and three pumps 7 of cooled water in the towers 6.
Chacune des boîtes froides 5,5' comprend une double colonne de séparation d'air constituée par une colonne moyenne pression et une colonne basse pression, et un échangeur pour refroidir l'air à une température cryogénique. Les colonnes moyenne pression de chacune des trois boîtes froides opèrent de préférence sensiblement à la même pression et les colonnes basse pression de chacune des trois boîtes froides opèrent de préférence sensiblement à la même pression. L'air comprimé dans les cinq compresseurs 1 et envoyé à un collecteur d'air humide 10. De ce collecteur 10, l'air humide est reparti à cinq tours de refroidissement 2 et ensuite envoyé de chaque tour à un appareil d'épuration respectif 3,3' sans être mélangé. L'air épuré est envoyé à un collecteur 13 d'air sec moyenne pression. L'air de ce collecteur est envoyé en partie directement aux trois boîtes froides 5,5' sans être surpressé et en partie aux surpresseurs 4 connectés en parallèle. Les sorties des surpresseurs 4 sont connectées à un collecteur d'air sec haute pression 14 qui distribue l'air haute pression aux trois boîtes froides 5,5'.Each of the cold boxes 5, 5 'comprises a double air separation column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, and an exchanger for cooling the air to a cryogenic temperature. The medium pressure columns of each of the three cold boxes preferably operate at substantially the same pressure and the low pressure columns of each of the three cold boxes preferably operate at substantially the same pressure. The compressed air in the five compressors 1 and sent to a wet air collector 10. From this collector 10, the moist air is distributed at five cooling towers 2 and then sent from each tower to a respective purification apparatus 3,3 'without being mixed. The purified air is sent to a manifold 13 of medium pressure dry air. The air from this collector is sent partly directly to the three cold boxes 5,5 'without being overpressed and partly to the boosters 4 connected in parallel. The outlets of the boosters 4 are connected to a high-pressure dry air manifold 14 which distributes the high-pressure air to the three cold boxes 5, 5 '.
De l'azote résiduaire basse pression de chaque boîte froide 5,5' est envoyé à un tour de refroidissement d'eau associé 6,6'. Le reste de l'azote résiduaire basse pression provenant de deux appareils 5 est envoyé à un collecteur d'azote 12 qui distribue l'azote aux quatre appareils d'épuration d'air 3 pour régénérer les bouteilles. L'eau refroidie dans chaque tour de refroidissement eau azote 6,6' est pompée par une pompe respective 7 puis envoyé à un collecteur d'eau froide 11 qui distribue l'eau aux cinq tours de refroidissement d'air par contact direct avec de l'eau 2. Un des appareils d'épuration d'air 3' est alimenté en azote non pas par le collecteur 12 mais uniquement par de l'azote moyenne pression provenant d'une conduite 15 relié à la troisième boîte froide 5' à travers une turbine de détente 16 d'azote moyenne pression.Low pressure residual nitrogen from each cold box 5,5 'is sent to an associated water cooling tower 6,6'. The remainder of the low pressure residual nitrogen from two apparatuses 5 is sent to a nitrogen trap 12 which distributes the nitrogen to the four air cleaning apparatuses 3 to regenerate the bottles. The water cooled in each nitrogen water cooling tower 6,6 'is pumped by a respective pump 7 and then sent to a cold water collector 11 which distributes the water to the five air cooling towers by direct contact with water. 2. One of the air cleaning apparatus 3 'is supplied with nitrogen not by the collector 12 but only by medium pressure nitrogen from a line 15 connected to the third cold box 5' to through a medium pressure nitrogen expansion turbine 16.
Le collecteur d'azote 12 est relié uniquement aux colonnes basse pression des première et deuxième boîtes froides alors que la conduite d'azote 15 est reliée uniquement à la colonne moyenne pression de la troisième boîte froide.The nitrogen trap 12 is connected only to the low pressure columns of the first and second cold boxes while the nitrogen line 15 is connected only to the medium pressure column of the third cold box.
Ainsi la boite froide 5' est alimentée par cinq appareils d'épurations en tête 3,3' et a deux fluides différents pour régénérer les appareils d'épuration en tête qui l'alimentent, puisque les appareils d'épuration 3 sont régénérés avec de l'azote résiduaire et l'appareil d'épuration 3' est régénéré par de l'azote moyenne pression détendu. Ceci évite de caler tout le circuit de pression de l'unité de séparation d'air sur l'épuration en tête la moins performante en perte de charge. Thus, the cold box 5 'is fed by five purification units at the top 3,3' and has two different fluids to regenerate the purification apparatus at the head which feed it, since the purification apparatus 3 are regenerated with the waste nitrogen and the purification apparatus 3 'is regenerated by expanded medium pressure nitrogen. This avoids stalling the entire pressure circuit of the air separation unit on the worst performing head cleaning loss of pressure.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Installation de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant n boîtes froides (5,5') où n> 3, r appareils d'épuration d'air (3,3') où r≥ 3, , m compresseurs principaux d'air (1 ) où m> 2 pour comprimer l'air à partir de la pression ambiante et reliés aux n boîtes froides pour y fournir de l'air comprimé, un collecteur d'azote (12) provenant d'au moins une première et une deuxième des boîtes froides (5) relié à au moins un premier et un deuxième appareils d'épuration d'air (3) caractérisée en ce qu' au moins un troisième appareil d'épuration d'air (3') n'est pas relié au collecteur d'azote et est relié par une conduite de fourniture d'azote (15) à au moins une troisième des boîtes froides (5').1. Cryogenic distillation air separation plant comprising n cold boxes (5,5 ') where n> 3, r air cleaning apparatus (3,3') where r ≥ 3,, m main compressors (1) where m> 2 to compress the air from the ambient pressure and connected to the n cold boxes to supply compressed air, a nitrogen collector (12) from at least a first and a second of the cold boxes (5) connected to at least a first and a second air cleaning apparatus (3) characterized in that at least a third air cleaning apparatus (3 ') does not is not connected to the nitrogen collector and is connected by a nitrogen supply line (15) to at least a third of the cold boxes (5 ').
2. Installation selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle le troisième appareil d'épuration d'air (3') non relié au collecteur, la conduite de fourniture d'azote (15) et la troisième des boîtes froides (5') reliée à la conduite de fourniture sont reliés à travers un moyen de détente d'azote (16).2. Installation according to claim 1 wherein the third air cleaning apparatus (3 ') not connected to the collector, the nitrogen supply line (15) and the third of the cold boxes (5') connected to the supply line are connected through a nitrogen expansion means (16).
3. Installation selon la revendication 2 dans laquelle le moyen de détente est une turbine (16).3. Installation according to claim 2 wherein the expansion means is a turbine (16).
4. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle la troisième boîte froide (5') est reliée aux premier, deuxième et troisième appareils d'épuration d'air (3,3') pour recevoir de l'air épuré provenant de ces appareils.4. Installation according to one of the preceding claims wherein the third cold box (5 ') is connected to the first, second and third air cleaning apparatus (3,3') for receiving purified air from these devices.
5. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle le troisième appareil d'épuration (3') est relié à la troisième boîte froide (5') de sorte qu'en fonctionnement il reçoit de l'azote d'une pureté différente de celle de l'azote circulant dans le collecteur (12).5. Installation according to one of the preceding claims wherein the third purification apparatus (3 ') is connected to the third cold box (5') so that in operation it receives nitrogen of a different purity that of the nitrogen circulating in the collector (12).
6. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle le troisième appareil d'épuration (3') est relié à la troisième boîte froide (5') de sorte qu'en fonctionnement il reçoit de l'azote d'une pression différente de celle de l'azote circulant dans le collecteur (12).6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims wherein the third purification device (3 ') is connected to the third cold box (5') of so that in operation it receives nitrogen with a pressure different from that of the nitrogen flowing in the manifold (12).
7. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle chacune des boîtes froides (5,5') comprend une double colonne de séparation d'air constituée par une colonne moyenne pression et une colonne basse pression, les colonnes moyenne pression de chacune des boîtes froides opérant de préférence sensiblement à la même pression et les colonnes basse pression de chacune des boîtes froides opérant de préférence sensiblement à la même pression .7. Installation according to one of the preceding claims wherein each of the cold boxes (5,5 ') comprises a double air separation column constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, the medium pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure and the low pressure columns of each of the cold boxes preferably operating substantially at the same pressure.
8. Installation selon la revendication 7 dans laquelle le collecteur d'azote (12) est relié aux colonnes basse pression des première et deuxième boîtes froides alors que la conduite d'azote (15) est reliée à la colonne moyenne pression de la troisième boîte froide.8. Installation according to claim 7 wherein the nitrogen collector (12) is connected to the low pressure columns of the first and second cold boxes while the nitrogen line (15) is connected to the medium pressure column of the third box. cold.
9. Procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique utilisant au moins trois boîtes froides (5,5'), au moins deux compresseurs d'air (1 ) et au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air (3,3') dans lequel : i) on envoie de l'air comprimé des au moins deux compresseurs d'air aux au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air pour former de l'air épuré ii) on envoie de l'air épuré des au moins trois appareils d'épuration d'air aux au moins trois boîtes froides iii) on envoie de l'azote de régénération d'au moins deux des boîtes froides à un collecteur (12) et ensuite à au moins deux des appareils d'épuration d'air et caractérisé en ce que iv) on envoie de l'azote de régénération d'au moins une des boîtes froides (5') à au moins un des appareils d'épuration d'air (3') sans passer par le collecteur.9. Process for air separation by cryogenic distillation using at least three cold boxes (5,5 '), at least two air compressors (1) and at least three air cleaning devices (3,3' ) in which: i) at least two air compressors are sent compressed air to the at least three air cleaning apparatuses to form purified air; ii) purified air is supplied to minus three air cleaning units to at least three cold boxes iii) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least two of the cold boxes to a collector (12) and then to at least two of the purification devices of air and characterized in that iv) regeneration nitrogen is sent from at least one of the cold boxes (5 ') to at least one of the air cleaning apparatus (3') without passing through the manifold.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9 dans lequel l'azote de régénération des étapes iii) et iv) ont des pressions de régénération et/ou des puretés différentes. The process of claim 9 wherein the regeneration nitrogen of steps iii) and iv) have different regeneration pressures and / or purities.
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