WO2009018694A1 - 多相流计量方法以及采用该多相流计量方法的多相流质量流量计 - Google Patents

多相流计量方法以及采用该多相流计量方法的多相流质量流量计 Download PDF

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WO2009018694A1
WO2009018694A1 PCT/CN2007/003068 CN2007003068W WO2009018694A1 WO 2009018694 A1 WO2009018694 A1 WO 2009018694A1 CN 2007003068 W CN2007003068 W CN 2007003068W WO 2009018694 A1 WO2009018694 A1 WO 2009018694A1
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flow
phase
gas
oil
meter
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PCT/CN2007/003068
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2009018694A8 (zh
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Zhu Liu
Zhaorong Liu
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Shanghai Medeng Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd.
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Priority to US12/670,669 priority Critical patent/US7963172B2/en
Publication of WO2009018694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009018694A1/zh
Publication of WO2009018694A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009018694A8/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/363—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction with electrical or electro-mechanical indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/663—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by measuring Doppler frequency shift

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a multiphase flow metering method and a multiphase flow mass flow meter used in an oil field, in particular to a measuring method for measuring parameters such as flow rate, water content and gas-liquid ratio of each phase of oil, water and gas multiphase flow and Mass flowmeter.
  • the commercial metering devices that have been developed can be basically divided into the following two categories - one is to perform gas-liquid phase separation for the oil, water and gas multiphase flows, and then to separately separate the gas phase and the liquid phase. Measurement.
  • This metering principle is simple and can achieve a certain degree of precision and has been widely used in oil fields, such as US Patent US 6,338, 276 Bl. Since the gas-liquid phase separation is usually carried out by gravity separation or cyclone separation, the structure of the separator is very large, and the cost is high and the installation is difficult. Moreover, the measurement accuracy is directly restricted by the gas-liquid phase separation efficiency and the effective measurement of the gas-liquid phase measurement, and it is difficult to continue to improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the other is to directly measure the parameters of the multiphase flow without pre-separation of the gas phase. Since the parameters to be measured include liquid mass flow/volume flow rate and water content, as well as gas flow and gas-liquid ratio parameters, it is often necessary to use gamma rays, microwaves or capacitors while using orifice plates (or Venturi) flow meters. (Measurement method for water-in-oil to oil continuous phase) / Conductance (for water-in-oil continuous phase) and other parameters are measured separately. This method can be measured online, with high precision, and has a considerable share in the petroleum industry's metrology and testing, such as Framo Phase Watch VX or US Patent US 6,935,189 B2o.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-phase flow metering method and a multi-phase flow mass flow meter, which do not need to separate the gas and liquid phase in advance, and do not need to independently detect other parameters compared with other parameters, and can be used for each phase flow.
  • the quantity is compared with the one-time simultaneous measurement, and the flowmeter has a light structure, high precision, and convenient installation and maintenance.
  • a multiphase flow metering method comprising the steps of: arranging two orifice plates having inner diameters dl and d2 respectively in a flow direction of a three-phase fluid in a uniform straight pipe having an inner diameter D; detecting two orifice plates The pressure difference d Pl , dp 2 ; detects the liquid phase flow rate Q u between the two orifice plates ; calculates the water content ⁇ and the gas-liquid ratio n 1 according to the following formula :
  • G represents a function of the pressure difference ratio dp2/dpl and the geometrical dimensions dl, d2 and the diameter of the double-joined tube D of the two orifice plates; the coefficients a, b, and c respectively represent pure oil, pure water, and pure gaseous G values;
  • the invention has the advantages that the metering method does not require pre-separation of gas and liquid phases, and does not need to separately add special techniques to separate the three-phase flow (such as gas-liquid ratio and water content).
  • the method is simple, high precision, good repeatability, convenient operation, and easy to popularize and apply.
  • the multiphase flow mass flowmeter corresponding to the above metering method comprises: two orifice flowmeters installed at two orifice plates in a uniform straight circular tube; an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter installed on a uniform straight circular tube And located between the two orifice flowmeters; respectively, a differential pressure transmitter corresponding to the two orifice flowmeters, installed in a two-hole plate in a uniform straight circular tube; and a tube in a uniform straight circular tube Install one pressure sensor and one temperature sensor on the wall.
  • the main components of the multiphase flow mass flowmeter provided by the invention are an orifice flowmeter and an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, and the principle is mature, the process is standardized, and the cost is low. No need to use price like other multiphase flow detection Expensive gamma ray or other electromagnetic image technology, or pre-separation of the gas-liquid phase using a separator.
  • the device has high precision, good repeatability, easy operation, easy installation and maintenance, and shows its unique superiority in oil production measurement of oil fields (especially for offshore oil fields), because for oil fields, especially offshore oil fields, metering devices Miniaturization and light weight are crucial.
  • the flow meter further comprises an intelligent secondary meter for receiving the differential pressure dpl, dp2 detected by the differential pressure transmitter, the flow rate Qs detected by the ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, and the pressure P and temperature detected by the sensor. T, calculate the flow rate and comparison of the phases in the oil-water-gas three-phase flow.
  • the flow meter further comprises a metering result display device connected to the intelligent secondary meter, and receives the flow rate and the comparison data of each phase in the oil-water-gas three-phase flow calculated by the intelligent secondary meter and displays .
  • a metering result display device connected to the intelligent secondary meter, and receives the flow rate and the comparison data of each phase in the oil-water-gas three-phase flow calculated by the intelligent secondary meter and displays .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the principle of the multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the present invention. Description of the figures in the figure
  • FIG. 1 A schematic structural view of the differential pressure multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, and a corresponding schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the differential pressure mass flowmeter of the present invention is characterized in that in a circular tube 10 having an inner diameter D, two orifice flowmeters 1 and 2 are installed at a certain interval, wherein the inner diameter of the upstream orifice plate 11 is dl The inner diameter of the downstream orifice plate 21 is d2.
  • An ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter 5 is installed between the orifice plates 11 and 21.
  • Pressure and temperature sensors 6 and 7 can be mounted anywhere on the same line.
  • the mass flow rate of the oil-water-gas three-phase fluid through the orifice plates 11 and 21 is
  • coefficients a b and c in the above formula can be expressed by the G values of pure oil, pure water and pure gas, respectively.
  • the joint relationship (7) and (9) can determine that the gas-liquid ratio ⁇ and the water content WI ⁇ are respectively expressed by the ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter to detect the flow rate Q s and the G value corresponding to the different phase states.
  • Figure 3 shows the working flow of the differential pressure three-phase flow mass flowmeter.
  • the flow of each phase of gas, water and oil can be calculated by the corresponding software of formula (12). It means the sensors 6 and 7 in Figure 3 detect the pressure P.
  • the gas phase flow rate detected above can be converted to the gas phase flow rate in the standard state by the temperature T.
  • the measurement result in Fig. 3 is displayed by the display device 9, including the ratio (water content, gas-liquid ratio), the flow rate of each phase flow, and the like.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the multiphase flow mass flowmeter provided by the invention does not need to be pre-separated by gas-liquid phase, and does not need to separately add special techniques for comparison in the three-phase flow (such as gas-liquid ratio and water content), and has a simple structure. Lightweight, easy to install and maintain.
  • the main components of the multiphase flow mass flowmeter provided by the present invention are orifice flowmeters (2) and ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters, and the principle is mature, the process specification is low, and the cost is low. There is no need to use expensive gamma ray or other electromagnetic image technology as in other multiphase flow detection, or to separate the gas and liquid phases by a separator.
  • the present invention provides a differential pressure mass flowmeter with high precision, good repeatability, convenient operation, and easy application.
  • the multiphase flow mass meter provided by the present invention shows its unique superiority in oil production measurement of oil fields (especially for offshore oil fields), because of the miniaturization of metering devices for oil fields, especially offshore oil field oil platforms. Lightweight is crucial.

Description

多相流计量方法以及采用该多相流计量方法的多相流质量流量计 技术领域
本发明属于油田中使用的多相流计量方法及多相流质量流量计， 具体地 说， 是测量油、 水、 气多相流的各相流量、 含水率和气液比等参量的计量方 法及质量流量计。
背景技术
目前， 国内外大型石油公司和相关机构都致力于多相流计量方法和装置 的研究和应用。 已开发出的商业化计量装置基本上可分为如下两大类- 一类是对待测油、水、气多相流预先进行气液相分离，然后再对分离后的 气相和液相分别进行计量。这种计量原理简单， 可达一定精度， 已在油田得到 较广泛应用， 例如美国专利 US 6， 338, 276 Bl。 由于气液相分离通常采用重 力分离法或旋流分离法，分离器结构十分庞大，且造价高、安装难度大。况且， 计量精度直接受到气液相分离效率以及气液相分别计量有效控制的制约，要继 续提高计量精度有较大的困难。
另一类是无需对气液相进行预先分离， 而直接对多相流的参数进行计量。 由于待计量参数包括液质量流量 /体积流量和含水率， 以及气流量和气液比等 众多参数， 往往需要在采用孔板 （或 Venturi)流量计的同时， 还必须采用伽 马射线、 微波或电容 （对油包水成油连续相） /电导 （对水包油成水连续相） 等计量方法对相比参数进行单独测量。这种方法可在线计量， 精度较高， 在石 油工业的计量检测中占有相当的份额， 例如 Framo Phase Watch VX或美国专 利 US 6,935,189 B2o但由于这种计量结果直接受三相流的流型和流态的影响， 计量结果不易稳定， 计量装置结构与原理十分复杂， 价格昂贵， 标定、安装与 维修相当麻烦。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多相流计量方法及多相流质量流量计，无需对 气、 液相预先分离处理， 也无需对相比参量用其它技术独立检测，可对各相流 量和相比的一次性同时计量， 且流量计结构轻巧， 精度较高， 安装与维修方 便。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案如下：
一种多相流计量方法， 包括如下步骤： 在内直径为 D的均匀直管内的三 相流体的流动方向上间隔设置两个内直径分别为 dl和 d2的孔板；检测两个孔 板处的压差 dPl， dp2; 检测两孔板之间的液相流量 Qu ; 根据以下公式计算含 水率 \¥ 和气液比 n1 :
G = ^^ = {b - a)WRx + a . G = k2dp2 = g(l -WR ) + bWRx + cr^
k、dp、 l + «,
其中 G表示两个孔板对应压差比 dp2/dpl和几何尺寸 dl、 d2及均勾管直 径 D的函数； 系数 a、 b、 c分别表示纯油、 纯水、 纯气态 G值； 其中的
k— k ―
1一 1 )4 i一 r 2 γ
~ ~DJ 一、 Έ 根据下式得到气、 水、 油三相的体积流量
Qwi = WRx - QLX 其中 Qgl为气相体积流量， Qwl为水相体积流量， Q。i为油相体积流量。 本发明与现有相关技术相比，优点在于：该计量方法既无需气液相预先分 离， 也无需对三相流中的相比（如气液比和含水率等）另外添加专门技术单独 检测， 方法简单， 且精度高， 重复性好， 操作方便， 易于推广应用。
相应地，对应上述计量方法的多相流质量流量计，包括：两个孔板流量计， 安装在均匀直圆管内的两孔板处； 超声多普勒流量计， 安装在均匀直圆管上， 且位于所述两个孔板流量计之间； 分别与两个孔板流量计对应的差压变送器， 安装在均匀直圆管内的两孔板处；以及在均匀直圆管的管壁上安装压力传感器 和温度传感器各一个。
本发明提供的多相流质量流量计主要部件是孔板流量计和超声多普勒流 量计， 原理成熟， 工艺规范， 造价低廉。 无需像其他多相流检测中需要采用价 格昂贵的伽马射线或其他电磁影象技术，或者采用分离器对气液相预先分离处 理。 该装置精度高， 重复性好， 操作方便， 易于安装与维修， 在油田（特别是 对海上油田）的采油计量中更显示其独特的优越性， 因为对于油田特别是海上 油田采油平台， 计量装置的小型化和轻巧化是至关重要的。
优选地，该流量计还包括一个智能化二次仪表，接收来自差压变送器检测 的差压 dpl、 dp2, 超声多普勒流量计检测的流量 Qs， 以及传感器所检测的压 力 P和温度 T， 计算得到油水气三相流中各相的流量和相比。
优选地，该流量计还包括一个计量结果显示装置，与所述智能化二次仪表 相连，接收由智能化二次仪表计算得到的油水气三相流中各相的流量和相比数 据并显示。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的多相流质量流量计的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明的多相流质量流量计的原理示意图；
图 3是本发明的多相流质量流量计的工作流程示意图。 图中标号说明
10-均匀直圆管
1-上游孔板流量计
11-第一孔板
2-下游孔板流量计
21-第二孔板
3-第一差压变送器
4-第二差压变送器
5-超声多普勒流量计
6-压力传感器
7-温度传感器
8-二次仪表
9-计量结果显示装置
X-流动方向 具体实施方式
下面根据图 1至图 3， 给出本发明的较佳实施例， 并予以详细描述， 使能 更好地理解本发明的功能、 特点。
本发明的差压式多相流质量流量计的结构示意图表示在图 1中，相应的原 理示意图表示在图 2中。
本发明的差压式质量流量计， 其特征是在一根内直径为 D的圆管 10内， 安装一定间距的两个孔板流量计 1和 2， 其中上游孔板 11的内直径为 dl， 下 游孔板 21的内直径为 d2。 在孔板 11和 21之间安装超声多普勒流量计 5。 压 力及温度传感器 6和 7在同一管线上的安装位置可随意。
当油水气三相流体在圆管 10内以箭头 X所指方向流动， 在孔板 11处由 于管截面局部狭窄， 产生压力降， 经差压变送器 3检测为压差 dpi。 同样， 在 孔板 21处， 局部狭窄产生压力降经差压变送器 4检测为压差 dp2。 与此同时， 超声多普勒流量计 5将检测到相应流量 Qs以及压力和温度传感器 6和 7将检 测到三相流的压力 P和温度 T，下面将给出如何通过上述直接检测的参数计算 三相流中的相比 (含水率和气液比等)和各相流量的方法和相应数学表达式。
油水气三相流体经孔板 11和 21的质量流量分别为
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0002
Qx = 和 ¾ = ^分别表示经孔板 11和 21的体积流量。
i
现在若以下标 o W和 g表示油、 水和气， 即
Figure imgf000007_0001
从孔板 11到孔板 21， 三相流中油、 水和气的体积流量之间分别成线性关 系，
Q。2 =aQol Qw2 =bQwl Qg2 =cQgl
由式（3)得
G = k2dp2 = Qoi +cQgi (5) 记经孔板 11后的含水率 w 和气液比 ni为
WR = Qwl Qgi (6) 则由式 （5)进一步得
Q _ k2dp2― (1 -WRx) + b WR} + cnx (7) kxdpx 1 + n,
显然上式中的系数 a b和 c可分别由纯油、 纯水和纯气态的 G值表示为
a=G 纯油态 b=G
另一方面， 超声多普勒流量计检测体积流量 Qs与液相流量 Qu之间关系为 因而
Figure imgf000007_0002
联合关系式（7)和（9)， 可确定气液比 ^和含水率 WI^分别用超声多普 勒流量计检测流量 Qs和不同相态所对应的 G值表示出来。
特别地， 对于纯液态（油水两相）流， Qgl=0， 或气液比 ， 由式（7) 可直接得到含水率 W 用 G值表出的关系式
G = ^^-=^(b-a)WRi+a (11) kldp1
最后， 由式（8)确定液相体积流量 Qu后， 气、 水和油各相的体积流量 可分别表为
Q^WR, .QU (12) 图 3给出差压式三相流质量流量计的工作流程示意图。 将差压变送器 3 和 4检测的压差（1 和 dp2以及超声多普勒流量计测得体积流量 QL (=SQS) , 输入智能化二次仪表 8， 由式（10)和 （7) 的相应软件可算得气液比 ηι和含 水率 W 。 最后， 由式（12) 的相应软件可算得气、 水、 油各相流量。 表示 图 3中的传感器 6和 7检测压力 P和温度 T可对上述检测的气相流量变换为 标准状态下的气相流量。图 3中的计量结果由显示装置 9显示结果，包括相比 (含水率、 气液比）和各相流流量等。
本发明与现有相关技术相比有如下优点：
( 1 )本发明提供的多相流质量流量计既无需气液相预先分离， 也无需对 三相流中的相比（如气液比和含水率等）另外添加专门技术单独检测， 结构简 单、 轻巧， 安装和维修方便。
(2)本发明提供的多相流质量流量计主要部件是孔板流量计 （2个）和 超声多普勒流量计， 原理成熟， 工艺规范， 造价低廉。无需象其他多相流检测 中需要采用价格昂贵的伽马射线或其他电磁影象技术，或者采用分离器对气液 相预先分离处理。
(3)本发明提供差压式质量流量计精度高， 重复性好， 操作方便， 易于 推广应用。
(4)本发明提供的多相流质量计在油田 （特别是对海上油田） 的采油计 量中更显示其独特的优越性， 因为对于油田特别是海上油田釆油平台，计量装 置的小型化和轻巧化是至关重要的。
前面提供了对较佳实施例的描述，以使本领域内的任何技术人员可使用或 利用本发明。对该较佳实施例，本领域内的技术人员在不脱离本发明原理的基 础上， 可以作出各种修改或者变换。应当理解， 这些修改或者变换都不脱离本 发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多相流计量方法， 包括如下步骤- 在内直径为 D的均匀直管内的三相流体的流动方向上间隔设置两个内直 径分别为 dl和 d2的孔板；
检测两个孔板处的压差 dPl， dp2;
检测两孔板之间的液相流量 Qu ;
根据以下公式计算含水率 和气液比 ηι： kldp1 G = k2dp2 = (1 - WR,) + bWRx + cn,
kldpl l + «!
其中 G表示两个孔板对应压差比 dp2/dpl和几何尺寸 dl、 d2及均匀管直 径 D的函数； 系数 a、 b、 c分别表示纯油、 纯水、 纯气态 G值； 其中的
Figure imgf000009_0001
根据下式得到气、 水、 油三相的体积流量
Q0l = (\ - WRl )QL1
其中 Qgl为气相体积流量， Qwl为水相体积流量， 为油相体积流量。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的多相流计量方法， 其特征在于， 还包括检测管内 三相流体的压力 P和温度 T的步骤，并根据压力 P和温度 T,将算得的三相体 积流量变换为标准状态下的气相流量后显示。
3、 一种釆用如权利要求 1或 2所述的多相流计量方法的多相流质量流量 计， 包括：
两个孔板流量计， 安装在均匀直圆管内的两孔板处；
超声多普勒流量计，安装在均匀直圆管上，且位于所述两个孔板流量计之 间；
分别与两个孔板流量计对应的差压变送器，安装在均匀直圆管内的两孔板 处； 以及在均匀直圆管的管壁上安装压力传感器和温度传感器各一个。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的多相流质量流量计， 其特征在于， 该流量计还包 括一个智能化二次仪表， 接收来自差压变送器检测的差压 dpl、 dp2, 超声多 普勒流量计检测的流量 Qs， 以及传感器所检测的压力 P和温度 T, 计算得到 油 7j气三相流中各相的流量和相比。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的多相流质量流量计， 其特征在于， 该流量计还包 括一个计量结果显示装置，与所述智能化二次仪表相连，接收由智能化二次仪 表计算得到的油水气三相流中各相的流量和相比数据并显示。
PCT/CN2007/003068 2007-08-07 2007-10-29 多相流计量方法以及采用该多相流计量方法的多相流质量流量计 WO2009018694A1 (zh)

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