Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
  • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
  • A61M25/0045—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features multi-layered, e.g. coated
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
  • A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
  • A61L2300/606—Coatings
  • A61L2300/608—Coatings having two or more layers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
  • A61L2420/08—Coatings comprising two or more layers

Definitions

• This invention relates to the fields of organic chemistry, polymer science, material science and medical devices.
• it relates to a medical device having a bioabsorbable coating with hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties for treating vascular diseases.
• Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a common procedure for treating heart disease.
• a problem associated with the PTCA includes the formation of intimal flaps or torn arterial linings which can collapse and occlude the conduit after the balloon is deflated.
• thrombosis and restenosis of the artery may develop over several months after the procedure, which may require another angioplasty procedure or a surgical by-pass operation.
• a stent may be implanted in the lumen to maintain the vascular patency.
• Stents are used not only as a mechanical intervention but also as a vehicle for providing biological therapy.
• stents act as scaffoldings, functioning to physically hold open and, if desired, to expand the wall of the passageway.
• Biological therapy can be achieved by medicating the stents, in particular by using drug-eluting stents, DESs.
• DESs can provide local administration of a therapeutic substance at the specific site in an patient's body. This can result in fewer and less severe side effects and more favorable overall results.
• What is needed is an implantable medical device that has improved hemocompatibility and/or prohealing properties to amelioreate, if not eliminate, subacute thrombosis, late stent thrombosis and other problems associated with delayed healing.
• the current invention provides such implantable medical devices.
• the current invention relates to an implantable medical device, comprising: a device body; an optional primer layer disposed over the device body; a drug reservoir layer disposed over the device body or the primer layer, if opted, wherein the drug reservoir layer comprises: a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D,L-lactide or meso- lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or themthylene carbonate, at least a portion of which is substituted with a hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety; or, a blend of a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L- lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate with a low molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L-lactide or meso- lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate at least a
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a polyhydroxyalkyl moiety having the formula:
• L comprises a Linker
• the polyhydroxyalkyl is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, a glycol, a polyalkylglycol and a polyglycol.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises a peptide.
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a peptide moiety having the formula:
• the peptide is selected from the group consisting of RGD, cyclic RGD (cRGD) and an RDG mimetic.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises a phosphorylcholine.
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a phosphorylcholine moiety having the formula:
• the drug reservoir layer polymer has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 500,000 Daltons.
• the drug reservoir layer has a coating thickness from about 1 urn to about 10 urn.
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio in the drug reservoir layer is from about 1.0:0.5 to about 1 .0:10.0.
• the drug dose is from about 5-200 microgram/cm 2 to about 20-100 microgram/cm 2 .
• An aspect of this invention is a method of treating a vascular disease, comprising: deploying in the vasculature of a patient in need thereof an implantable medical device, wherein the device comprises: a device body; an optional primer layer disposed over the device body; a drug reservoir layer disposed over the device body or the primer layer, if opted, wherein the drug reservoir layer comprises: a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D,L-lactide or meso- lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate, at least a portion of which is substituted with a hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety; or, a blend of a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L- lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate and a low molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L-lact
• the implantable medical device is a stent.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises a polyhydroxyalkyl.
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a polyhydroxyalkyl moiety having the formula:
• L comprises a Linker
• the polyhydroxyalkyl is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, a glycol, a polyalkylglycol and a polyglycol.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises a peptide.
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a peptide moiety having the formula:
• L comprises a Linker and m and n have values from O to 1 such that m + n 1
• the peptide is selected from the group consisting of RGD, cyclic RGD (cRGD) and an RDG mimetic.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises a phosphorylcholine.
• the drug reservoir layer or the topcoat layer comprises a phosphorycholine moiety having the formula:
• the drug reservoir layer polymer has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 500,000 Daltons.
• the drug reservoir layer has a coating thickness from about 1 urn to about 10 urn.
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio in the drug reservoir layer is from about 1.0:0.5 to about 1 .0:10.0.
• the drug dose is from about 5-200 microgram/cm 2 to about 20-100 microgram/cm 2 .
• the vascular disease is atherosclerosis.
• the vascular disease is restenosis.
• the vascular disease is vulnerable plaque
• the vascular disease is peripheral vascular disease.
• the vascular disease is late stent thrombosis.
• an "implantable medical device” refers to any type of appliance that is totally or partly introduced, surgically or medically, into a patient's body or by medical intervention into a natural orifice, and which is intended to remain there after the procedure.
• the duration of implantation may be essentially permanent, i.e., intended to remain in place for the remaining lifespan of the patient; until the device biodegrades; or until it is physically removed.
• implantable medical devices include, without limitation, implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators; leads and electrodes for the preceding; implantable organ stimulators such as nerve, bladder, sphincter and diaphragm stimulators, cochlear implants; prostheses, vascular grafts, self-expandable stents, balloon- expandable stents, stent-grafts, grafts, artificial heart valves and cerebrospinal fluid shunts.
• implantable organ stimulators such as nerve, bladder, sphincter and diaphragm stimulators, cochlear implants
• prostheses vascular grafts, self-expandable stents, balloon- expandable stents, stent-grafts, grafts, artificial heart valves and cerebrospinal fluid shunts.
• An implantable medical device specifically designed and intended solely for the localized delivery of a therapeutic agent is within the scope of this invention.
• device body refers to a fully formed implantable medical with an outer surface to which no coating or layer of material different from that of which the device itself is manufactured has been applied.
• outer surface is meant any surface however spatially oriented that is in contact with bodily tissue or fluids.
• a common example of a “device body” is a BMS, i.e., a bare metal stent, which, as the name implies, is a fully-formed usable stent that has not been coated with a layer of any material different from the metal of which it is made on any surface that is in contact with bodily tissue or fluids.
• BMS i.e., a bare metal stent, which, as the name implies, is a fully-formed usable stent that has not been coated with a layer of any material different from the metal of which it is made on any surface that is in contact with bodily tissue or fluids.
• device body refers not only to BMSs but to any uncoated device regardless of what material it is made.
• Implantable medical devices made of virtually any material, i.e., materials presently known to be useful for the manufacture of implantable medical devices and materials that may be found to be so in the future, may be used with a coating of this invention.
• an implantable medical device useful with this invention may be made of one or more biocompatible metals or alloys thereof including, but not limited to, cobalt-chromium alloy (ELGILOY, L-605), cobalt-nickel alloy (MP-35N), 316L stainless steel, high nitrogen stainless steel, e.g., BIODUR 108, nickel-titanium alloy (NITINOL), tantalum, platinum, platinum-indium alloy, gold and combinations thereof.
• cobalt-chromium alloy ELGILOY, L-605
• MP-35N cobalt-nickel alloy
• 316L stainless steel high nitrogen stainless steel, e.g., BIODUR 108, nickel-titanium alloy (NITINOL), tantalum, platinum, platinum-indium alloy, gold and combinations
• Implantable medical devices may also be made of polymers that are biocompatible and biostable or biodegradable, the latter term including bioabsorbable and/or bioerodable.
• biocompatible refers to a polymer that both in its intact, as synthesized state and in its decomposed state, i.e., its degradation products, is not, or at least is minimally, toxic to living tissue; does not, or at least minimally and reparably, injure living tissue; and does not, or at least minimally and/or controllably, cause an immunological reaction in living tissue.
• relatively biostable polymers are, without limitation, polyacrylates, polymethacryates, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyvinylhalides, polyvinylidenehalides, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaromatics, polyvinylesters, polyacrylonitriles, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes and epoxy resins.
• Biocompatible, biodegradable polymers include naturally-occurring polymers such as, without limitation, collagen, chitosan, alginate, fibrin, fibrinogen, cellulosics, starches, dextran, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, heparin, glycosaminoglycans, polysaccharides and elastin.
• One or more synthetic or semi-synthetic biocompatible, biodegradable polymers may also be used to fabricate an implantable medical device useful with this invention.
• a synthetic polymer refers to one that is created wholly in the laboratory while a semi-synthetic polymer refers to a naturally-occurring polymer than has been chemically modified in the laboratory.
• synthetic polymers include, without limitation, polyphosphazines, polyphosphoesters, polyphosphoester urethane, polyhydroxyacids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyanhydhdes, polyesters, polyorthoesters, polyamino acids, polyoxymethylenes, poly(ester-amides) and polyimides.
• Blends and copolymers of the above polymers may also be used and are within the scope of this invention. Based on the disclosures herein, those skilled in the art will recognize those implantable medical devices and those materials from which they may be fabricated that will be useful with the coatings of this invention.
• preferred implantable medical devices for use with the coatings of this invention are stents.
• a stent refers generally to any device used to hold tissue in place in a patient's body. Particularly useful stents, however, are those used for the maintenance of the patency of a vessel in a patient's body when the vessel is narrowed or closed due to diseases or disorders including, without limitation, tumors (in, for example, bile ducts, the esophagus, the trachea/bronchi, etc.), benign pancreatic disease, coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease such as atherosclerosis, restenosis and vulnerable plaque.
• Vulnerable plaque (VP) refers to a fatty build-up in an arterial wall thought to be caused by inflammation.
• the VP is covered by a thin fibrous cap that can rupture leading to blood clot formation.
• a stent can be used to strengthen the wall of the vessel in the vicinity of the VP and act as a shield against such rupture.
• a stent can be used in, without limitation, neuro, carotid, coronary, pulmonary, aorta, renal, biliary, iliac, femoral and popliteal as well as other peripheral vasculatures.
• a stent can be used in the treatment or prevention of disorders such as, without limitation, thrombosis, restenosis, hemorrhage, vascular dissection or perforation, vascular aneurysm, chronic total occlusion, claudication, anastomotic proliferation, bile duct obstruction and ureter obstruction.
• disorders such as, without limitation, thrombosis, restenosis, hemorrhage, vascular dissection or perforation, vascular aneurysm, chronic total occlusion, claudication, anastomotic proliferation, bile duct obstruction and ureter obstruction.
• stents may also be employed for the localized delivery of therapeutic agents to specific treatment sites in a patient's body.
• therapeutic agent delivery may be the sole purpose of the stent or the stent may be primarily intended for another use such as those discussed above with drug delivery providing an ancillary benefit.
• a stent used for patency maintenance is usually delivered to the target site in a compressed state and then expanded to fit the vessel into which it has been inserted. Once at a target location, a stent may be self-expandable or balloon expandable. In any event, due to the expansion of the stent, any coating thereon must be flexible and capable of elongation.
• a device body (db) that has coated on it an "optional" primer layer (pi), a drug reservoir layer (dr), and an “optional” top-coat layer (tc) refers, without limitation, to any of the following devices: db + dr, db + pi + dr, db + dr + tc, and db + pi + dr + tc.
• a "primer layer” refers to a coating consisting of a polymer or blend of polymers that exhibit good adhesion characteristics with regard to the material of which the device body is manufactured and good adhesion characteristic with regard to whatever material is to be coated on the device body.
• a primer layer serves as an intermediary layer between a device body and materials to be affixed to the device body and is, therefore, applied directly to the device body.
• primers include acrylate and methacrylate polymers with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) being a presently preferred primer.
• primers include, but are not limited to, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), polyvinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(methacrylates), poly(acrylates), polyethyleneamine, polyallylamine, chitosan, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), and parylene-C.
• a material that is described as a layer “disposed over" an indicated substrate refers to a relatively thin coating of the material applied, preferably at present, directly to essentially the entire exposed surface of the indicated substrate.
• exposed surface is meant that surface of the substrate that, in use, would be in contact with bodily tissues or fluids.
• “Disposed over” may, however, also refer to the application of the thin layer of material to an intervening layer that has been applied to the substrate, wherein the material is applied in such a manner that, were the intervening layer not present, the material would cover substantially the entire exposed surface of the substrate.
• drug reservoir layer refers either to a layer of one or more therapeutic agents applied neat or to a layer of polymer or blend of polymers that has dispersed within its three-dimensional structure one or more therapeutic agents.
• a polymeric drug reservoir layer is designed such that, by one mechanism or another, e.g., without limitation, by elution or as the result of biodegradation of the polymer, the therapeutic substance is released from the layer into the surrounding environment.
• the drug reservoir layer also acts as rate-controlling layer.
• rate-controlling layer refers to a polymer layer that controls the release of therapeutic agents or drugs into the environment.
• the drug reservoir layer comprises a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D,L-lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or derivatives thereof, at least a portion of which is substituted with a hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety; or, a blend of a high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L-lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate with a low molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L-lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ - caprolactone or thmethylene carbonate at least a portion of which is substituted with
• biocompatible, hydrophobic polymers capable of being modified with hemocompatible and/or pro-healing moieties can be used as drug reservoir and/or topcoat layers of this invention. All such polymers are within the scope of this invention, the salient aspect of which is in fact the inclusion of the hemocompatible and/or pro-healing moieties in the outermost layer of the coating on an implantable medical device whether it be the drug reservoir layer, a separate rate-controlling layer or a topcoat layer.
• hydrophobic refers to a polymer that lacks an affinity for water. That is, it tends to repel water, to not dissolve in, mix with or be wetted by water or to do so only to a very limited degree and to not absorb water or, again, to do so only to a very limited degree.
• hydrophobicity increase with increasing alkyl content in the polymer backbone, that is, the greater the alkyl content in one or more of the constitutional units of the polymer.
• the hydrophobicity of a polymer may be characterized by determining the static contact angle of droplets of distilled water on a surface of the polymer. The greater the contact angle, the more hydrophobic the polymer. Generally speaking, a contact angle of greater than 90° indicates a hydrophobic polymer. The specifics or such measurements will not be presented here since they are well-known to those skilled in the art.
• contact angle is defined as an angle at the tangent of a droplet in a fluid phase that has taken an equilibrium shape on a solid surface under ambient condition.
• Hildebrand solubility parameter refers to a parameter indicating the cohesive energy density of a substance.
• ⁇ E is the energy of vaporization, cal/mole; and V is the molar volume, cm 3 /mole.
• a material is hydrophobic or hydrophilic is relative. Between different materials, whichever has a lower Hildebrand value ( ⁇ ) value compared to the ⁇ value of the other is designated as a hydrophobic, and the material with higher Hildebrand value ( ⁇ ) value is designated as a hydrophilic.
• the ⁇ value defining the boundary between hydrophobic and hydrophilic can be between about 9.9 and 10.1 (cal/cm 3 ) 1 ' 2 .
• hydrophobic is defined as having a ⁇ value equal to or below about 9.9 (cal/cm 3 ) 1 ' 2
• hydrophilic is defined as having a ⁇ value of about 10.1 (cal/cm 3 ) 1 ' 2 or higher.
• Materials having a ⁇ value between about 9.9 and 10.1 (cal/cm 3 ) 1 ' 2 can exhibit behavior characterized by both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. Such materials are defined as "amphiphilic.”
• Measurements other than Hildebrand value for the determination of hydrophobicity are known to those skilled in the art and may be employed in the same manner as the Hildebrand value to achieve the same end.
• Suitable hydrophobic polymers include, without limitation, polyvinyl acetate), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl acetals) such as polyvinyl butyral) (e.g., BUTVAR), poly(meth)acrylates, for example, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(n-propyl methacrylate), poly(/so-propyl methacrylate), poly(n- butyl methacrylate), copolymers of butyl n-methacrylate with non-polar monomers (e.g., poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate)), poly(/so-butyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(n-propyl acrylate), poly(/so-propyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(/so-but
• styrene-isobutylene- styrene triblock copolymers parylene-C, organosilicon polymers (e.g., ELASTEON), and halogenated (e.g., fluohnated or chlorinated) polymers such as polyvinyl chloride), polyvinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (e.g., KYNAR available from Atofina Chemicals, Inc. of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), poly(hexafluoropropene), poly(vinylidene fluoride -co-hexafluoropropene) (e.g., SOLEF available from Solvay S.A.
• organosilicon polymers e.g., ELASTEON
• halogenated (e.g., fluohnated or chlorinated) polymers such as polyvinyl chloride), polyvinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly
• hemocompatible refers to a property of a surface of a device to cause little, preferably no, harm to blood or blood components.
• tests set forth in ISO (international Organization for Standardization) 10993 may be employed to ascertain the level of hemocompatibility of a particular device of this invention.
• prohealing refers to a moiety that aids in the healing process at the site of implantation of a medical device of this invention.
• useful pro- healing moieties include, without limitation, endothelial progenitor cells, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth and 17-b-estradiol.
• any words of approximation such as without limitation, "about,” “essentially,” “substantially” and the like mean that the element so modified need not be exactly that which is modified by the term but which would still be considered by one of ordinary skill in the art to be recognizable as that element. In general, for the purpose of this invention, this means that an element so modified can vary from the description by at least ⁇ 15% without exceeding the scope of this invention.
• constitutional unit refers to the repeating units that make up the polymer.
• constitutional unit wt/wt ratio of a presently preferred polymer is from about 70:30 to about 50:50.
• Linker refers to a multifunctional moiety in which at least one functional group is capable of reacting with a functional group on the backbone of a polymer hereof and a different functional group capable of reacting with a functional group on a hemocompatible and/or pro-healing moiety so as to join or 'link" the hemocompatible and/or prohealing group(s) to the polymer backbone.
• hemocompatible and/or pro-healing refers to either a chemical moiety that possesses both properties or to individual moieties that exhibit one or the other property.
• the polymer may have the chemical moiety possessing both properties appended to its backbone, it may have an individual moiety exhibiting one of the properties appended to its backbone, it may have two different moieties, one possessing one of the properties and the second possessing the other property both appended to its backbone or any combination of the foregoing.
• [[-Y-] n / [-Z-] m ]x refers to a random, a regular alternating or a block, preferably at present a random, copolymer.
• the letter "x" connotes sequence multiplicity, that is, the number of repeats of the entity within the outside brackets in the polymer.
• a “topcoat layer” refers to an outermost layer, that is, a layer that is in contact with the external environment and that is coated over all other layers.
• the topcoat layer may be a separate layer distinct from drug reservoir layer or the drug reservoir layer may itself be the outermost layer and therefore constitute the topcoat layer of a coating, if the drug reservoir layer contains hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties.
• a separate topcoat layer may be applied to provide better hydrophilicity to the device, to better lubricate the device or merely as a physical protectant of the underlying layers.
• the implantable medical device further has a topcoat layer comprising a low molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D, L-lactide or meso-lactide with ⁇ -caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate at least a portion of which is substituted with a hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety.
• the outermost layer be it the drug reservoir or the topcoat layer must comprises a hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety.
• the hemocompatible and/or prohealing moiety comprises polyhydroxyalkyl, phosphoryl choline and/or peptides.
• Other natural or recombinant polymers can also provide prohealing properties which include, but not limited to, elastin, collagen, laminin, and polysaccharide.
• Presently preferred polymers used to construct either a drug reservoir layer or a topcoat layer of this invention include, but not limited to, polymers having a hydrophobic polymer backbone with hydrophilic, hemocompatible and/or prohealing pendant groups.
• the presently preferable polymer used to construct hydrophobic polymer backbone of this invention is a copolymer comprising at least two monomers one of which is selected from the group consisting of L-lactide, D-lactide, D, L-lactide and meso-lactide.
• the second monomer selected from the group consisting of lactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1 ,4-dioxan-2-one, 1 ,5-dioxepan-2-one, 1 ,4,6- thoxaspiro[4.4]nonane and trimethyl carbonate.
• Presently preferred hydrophobic polymer backbone of this invention are poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) and poly(L- lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate).
• hydrophobic polymers can be modified to have pendant groups which are hydrophilic. These hydrophilic groups are hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties. Suitable hydrophilic, hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties include, without limitation, polyhydroxyalkyl, phosphoryl choline, and peptides.
• polyhydroxyalkyls include, without limitation, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, a glycol, a polyalkylglycol and a polyglycol.
• PC phosphoryl choline
• the polypeptide Arg-Gly-Asp has been demonstrated to be a bioactive factor for human endothelial cell attachment and therefore is expected to exhibit prohealing characteristics.
• cyclic RGD cRGD
• RGD mimetics and small molecules capable of binding as does RGD to other adhesion receptors differentially expressed on the endothelial cells are within the scope of this invention.
• RGD mimetics can be prepared, without limitation by modification of RGD or cRGD. Peptide synthesis including the synthesis of peptide mimetics, is well documented and can be readily achieved using, for example, combinatorial chemistry.
• cRGD or RGD mimetics include V3 antagonists such as llb/lllb antagonists (B. S. Coller, Thromb. Haemost. 2001 , 86:427-443 (Review)), one example of which is Abciximax (R. Blindt, J. MoI. Cell. Cardiol. 2000, 32:2195- 2206), XJ 735 (S. S. Shvastva et al., Cardiovasc. Res. 1997, 36:408-428), anti-3- integrin antibody F1 1 , cRGD (M. Sajid et al., Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol..).
• V3 antagonists such as llb/lllb antagonists (B. S. Coller, Thromb. Haemost. 2001 , 86:427-443 (Review)
• Abciximax R. Blindt, J. MoI. Cell. Cardiol. 2000, 32:2195- 2206
• the presently preferable polymers of this invention to which hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties can be appended are poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate).
• the presently preferable hydrophilic, hemocompatible and/or prohealing moieties used in this invention are polyhydroxyalkyl, phosphoryl choline, and peptides.
• a coating on an implantable medical device of this invention may also contain in the drug reservoir layer and possibly in the topcoat layer one or more therapeutic agents.
• therapeutic agent refers to any substance that, when administered in a therapeutically effective amount to a patient suffering from a disease, has a therapeutic beneficial effect on the health and well-being of the patient.
• a therapeutic beneficial effect on the health and well-being of a patient includes, but it not limited to: (1 ) curing the disease; (2) slowing the progress of the disease; (3) causing the disease to retrogress; or, (4) alleviating one or more symptoms of the disease.
• a therapeutic agent also includes any substance that when administered to a patient, known or suspected of being particularly susceptible to a disease, in a prophylactically effective amount, has a prophylactic beneficial effect on the health and well-being of the patient.
• a prophylactic beneficial effect on the health and well-being of a patient includes, but is not limited to: (1 ) preventing or delaying on-set of the disease in the first place; (2) maintaining a disease at a retrogressed level once such level has been achieved by a therapeutically effective amount of a substance, which may be the same as or different from the substance used in a prophylactically effective amount; or, (3) preventing or delaying recurrence of the disease after a course of treatment with a therapeutically effective amount of a substance, which may be the same as or different from the substance used in a prophylactically effective amount, has concluded.
• drug and “therapeutic agent” are used interchangeably.
• treating refers to the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent to a patient known or suspected to be suffering from a vascular disease.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of a therapeutic agent that will have a beneficial affect, which may be curative or palliative, on the health and well-being of the patient with regard to the vascular disease with which the patient is known or suspected to be afflicted.
• a therapeutically effective amount may be administered as a single bolus, as intermittent bolus charges, as short, medium or long term sustained release formulations or as any combination of these.
• short-term sustained release refers to the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent over a period from about several hours to about 3 days.
• Medium- term sustained release refers to administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent over a period from about 3 day to about 14 days and long- term refers to the delivery of a therapeutically effective amount over any period in excess of about 14 days.
• vascular disease refers to a disease of the vessels, primarily arteries and veins, which transport blood to and from the heart, brain and peripheral organs such as, without limitation, the arms, legs, kidneys and liver.
• vascular disease refers to the coronary arterial system, the carotid arterial system and the peripheral arterial system.
• the disease that may be treated is any that is amenable to treatment with a therapeutic agent, either as the sole treatment protocol or as an adjunct to other procedures such as surgical intervention.
• the disease may be, without limitation, atherosclerosis, vulnerable plaque, restenosis or peripheral arterial disease.
• Atherosclerosis refers to the depositing of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin on the inner lining or intima of an artery. Smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid accumulation accompany the deposition process. In addition, inflammatory substances that tend to migrate to atherosclerotic regions of an artery are thought to exacerbate the condition. The result of the accumulation of substances on the intima is the formation of fibrous (atheromatous) plaques that occlude the lumen of the artery, a process called stenosis.
• the blood supply to the organ supplied by the particular artery is depleted resulting is strokes, if the afflicted artery is a carotid artery, heart attack if the artery is a coronary artery, or loss of organ function if the artery is peripheral.
• Restenosis refers to the re-narrowing or blockage of an artery at or near the site where angioplasty or another surgical procedure was previously performed to remove a stenosis. It is generally due to smooth muscle cell proliferation and, at times, is accompanied by thrombosis. Prior to the advent of implantable stents to maintain the patency of vessels opened by angioplasty, restenosis occurred in 40 - 50% of patients within 3 to 6 months of undergoing the procedure. Post-angioplasty restenosis before stents was due primarily to smooth muscle cell proliferation. There were also issues of acute reclosure due to vasospasm, dissection, and thrombosis at the site of the procedure.
• Stents eliminated acute closure from vasospasm and greatly reduced complications from dissections. While the use of I Ib-I I Ia anti-platelet drugs such as abciximab and epifabatide, which are anti-thrombotic, reduced the occurrence of post-procedure clotting (although stent placement itself can initiate thrombosis). Stent placement sites are also susceptible to restenosis due to abnormal tissue growth at the site of implantation. This form of restenosis tends also to occur at 3 to 6 months after stent placement but it is not affected by the use of anti-clotting drugs. Thus, alternative therapies are continuously being sought to mitigate, preferably eliminate, this type of restenosis.
• DES Drug eluting stents
• these stents comprised delivery interfaces (lengths) that are less than 40 mm in length and, in any event, have delivery interfaces that are not intended, and most often do not, contact the luminal surface of the vessel at the non-afflicted region at the periphery of the afflicted region.
• Vulnerable plaque refers to an atheromatous plaque that has the potential of causing a thrombotic event and is usually characterized by a very thin wall separating it from the lumen of an artery. The thinness of the wall renders the plaque susceptible to rupture. When the plaque ruptures, the inner core of usually lipid-rich plaque is exposed to blood, with the potential of causing a potentially fatal thrombotic event through adhesion and activation of platelets and plasma proteins to components of the exposed plaque. The phenomenon of "vulnerable plaque” has created new challenges in recent years for the treatment of heart disease. Unlike occlusive plaques that impede blood flow, vulnerable plaque develops within the arterial walls, but it often does so without the characteristic substantial narrowing of the arterial lumen which produces symptoms. As such, conventional methods for detecting heart disease, such as an angiogram, may not detect vulnerable plaque growth into the arterial wall.
• the intrinsic histological features that may characterize a vulnerable plaque include increased lipid content, increased macrophage, foam cell and T lymphocyte content, and reduced collagen and smooth muscle cell (SMC) content.
• This fibroatheroma type of vulnerable plaque is often referred to as "soft,” having a large lipid pool of lipoproteins surrounded by a fibrous cap.
• the fibrous cap contains mostly collagen, whose reduced concentration combined with macrophage-derived enzyme degradation can cause the fibrous cap of these lesions to rupture under unpredictable circumstances.
• the lipid core contents thought to include tissue factor, contact the arterial bloodstream, causing a blood clot to form that can completely block the artery resulting in an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event.
• ACS acute coronary syndrome
• Atherosclerosis is coined “vulnerable” because of unpredictable tendency of the plaque to rupture. It is thought that hemodynamic and cardiac forces, which yield circumferential stress, shear stress, and flexion stress, may cause disruption of a fibroatheroma type of vulnerable plaque. These forces may rise as the result of simple movements, such as getting out of bed in the morning, in addition to in vivo forces related to blood flow and the beating of the heart. It is thought that plaque vulnerability in fibroatheroma types is determined primarily by factors which include: (1 ) size and consistency of the lipid core; (2) thickness of the fibrous cap covering the lipid core; and (3) inflammation and repair within the fibrous cap.
• Thrombosis refers to the formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel or chamber of the heart.
• a blood clot that breaks off and travels to another part of the body is called an embolus. If a clot blocks a blood vessel that feeds the heart, it causes a heart attack. If a clot blocks a blood vessel that feeds to brain, it causes a stroke.
• Peripheral vascular diseases are generally caused by structural changes in blood vessels caused by such conditions as inflammation and tissue damage.
• a subset of peripheral vascular disease is peripheral artery disease (PAD).
• PAD is a condition that is similar to carotid and coronary artery disease in that it is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits on the lining or intima of the artery walls.
• blockage of the carotid artery restricts blood flow to the brain and blockage of the coronary artery restricts blood flow to the heart
• blockage of the peripheral arteries can lead to restricted blood flow to the kidneys, stomach, arms, legs and feet.
• Suitable therapeutic agents include, without limitation, antiproliferative agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antineoplastics and/or antimitotics, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, antifibrin, and antithrombin drugs, cytostatic or antiproliferative agents, antibiotics, antiallergic agents, antioxidants and other bioactive agents known to those skilled in the art.
• Suitable antiproliferative agents include, without limitation, actinomycin D, or derivatives or analogs thereof, i.e., actinomycin D is also known as dactinomycin, actinomycin IV, actinomycin I 1 , actinomycin X 1 , and actinomycin C-i
• Antiproliferative agents can be natural proteineous agents such as a cytotoxin or a synthetic molecule, all taxoids such as taxols, docetaxel, and paclitaxel, paclitaxel derivatives, all olimus drugs such as macrolide antibiotics, rapamycin, everolimus, structural derivatives and functional analogues of rapamycin, structural derivatives and functional analogues of everolimus, FKBP-12 mediated mTOR inhibitors, biolimus, perfenidone, prodrugs thereof, co-drugs thereof, and combinations thereof.
• rapamycin derivatives and analogs include 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)rapamycin (EVEROLIMUS ® ), 40-O-(3-hydroxypropyl)rapamycin, 40-O- [2-(2-hydroxy)ethoxy]ethyl-rapamycin, 40-O-tetrazolylrapamycin, or 40-epi-(N1- tetrazolyl)-rapamycin, prodrugs thereof, co-drugs thereof, and combinations thereof.
• anti-inflammatory agents include, without limitation, steroidal antiinflammatory agents, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, or a combination thereof.
• anti-inflammatory agents include clobetasol, alclofenac, alclometasone dipropionate, algestone acetonide, alpha amylase, amcinafal, amcinafide, amfenac sodium, amiprilose hydrochloride, anakinra, anirolac, anitrazafen, apazone, balsalazide disodium, bendazac, benoxaprofen, benzydamine hydrochloride, bromelains, broperamole, budesonide, carprofen, cicloprofen, cintazone, cliprofen, clobetasol propionate, clobetasone butyrate, clopirac, cloticasone propionate, cormethasone acetate, cortodoxone, deflazacort, des
• Suitable antineoplastics and/or antimitotics include, without limitation, paclitaxel, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and mitomycin.
• Suitable antiplatelet, anticoagulant, antifibhn, and antithrombin drugs include, without limitation, sodium heparin, low molecular weight heparins, heparinoids, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, prostacyclin dextran, D-phe- pro-arg-chloromethylketone, dipyridamole, glycoprotein llb/llla platelet membrane receptor antagonist antibody, recombinant hirudin and thrombin, thrombin inhibitors such as Angiomax a (Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.), calcium channel blockers (such as nifedipine), colchicine, fish oil (omega 3-fatty acid), histamine antagonists, lovastatin (an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a cholesterol lowering drug, brand name Mevacor ® from Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ), monoclonal antibodies
• cytostatic substance examples include angiopeptin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such as captophl (e.g. Capoten ® and Capozide ® from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Stamford, Conn.), cilazaphl or lisinopril (e.g. Prinivil ® and Prinzide ® from Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ).
• an antiallergic agent is permirolast potassium.
• Other bioactive substances or agents that may be appropriate include alpha-interferon, and genetically engineered epithelial cells.
• Suitable cytostatic or antiproliferative agents include, without limitation, angiopeptin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such as captopril, cilazaphl or lisinopril, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine; colchicine, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) antagonists; fish oil ( ⁇ -3-fatty acid); histamine antagonists; lovastatin, monoclonal antibodies such as, without limitation, those specific for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) receptors; nitroprusside, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, prostaglandin inhibitors, suramin, serotonin blockers, steroids, thioprotease inhibitors, thazolopyrimidine (a PDGF antagonist) and nitric oxide.
• angiopeptin angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such as captopril, cilazaphl or lisinopril
• calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine
• Suitable antiallergic agents include, without limitation, permirolast potassium.
• Other suitable bioactive agents include, without limitation, alpha-interferon, genetically engineered epithelial cells, dexamethasone and its derivatives, rapamycin derivatives and analogs such as 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin (EVEROLIMUS ® ), 40-O-(3- hydroxypropyl)rapamycin, 40-O-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)]ethyl-rapamycin, and 40-O- tetrazolylrapamycin, synthetic inorganic and organic compounds, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and other sugars, lipids, and DNA and RNA nucleic acid sequences having therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic activities, nucleic acid sequences include genes, antisense molecules which bind to complementary DNA to inhibit transcription, and ribozymes.
• bioactive agents include antibodies, receptor ligands, enzymes, adhesion peptides, blood clotting factors, inhibitors or clot dissolving agents such as streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, antigens for immunization, hormones and growth factors, oligonucleotides such as antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes and retroviral vectors for use in gene therapy; antiviral agents; analgesics and analgesic combinations; anorexics; antihelmintics; antiarthhtics, antiasthmatic agents; anticonvulsants; antidepressants; antidiuretic agents; antidiarrheals; antihistamines; antimigrain preparations; antinauseants; antiparkinsonism drugs; antipruritics; antipsychotics; antipyretics; antispasmodics; anticholinergics; sympathomimetics; xanthine derivatives; cardiovascular preparations including calcium
• Preferred therapeutic agents include corticosteroids, everolimus, zotarolimus, sirolimus, sirolimus derivatives, paclitaxel, bisphosphonates, ApoA1 , mutated ApoA1 , ApoA1 milano, ApoA1 mimetic peptides, ABC A1 agonists, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-proliferative agents, anti-angiogenic agents, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) (0.12g), chloroform (4.6848g) and thcholoroethane (1.17g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 250 rpm for 2 hours. Everolimus (0.0245g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes. The first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 6um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) (0.12g), chloroform (4.67g) and thcholoroethane (1.17g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 250 rpm for 2 hours. Everolimus (0.0408g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes. The first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer. The composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer (e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance) can be optionally applied on the surface of the bare stent prior to the application of the drug-polymer layer.
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :3.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 4um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate) (0.06g) and thcholoroethane (2.928g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring 250 rpm for 2 hours. Everolimus (0.01224g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes. The first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug-polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 6um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate) (0.06g) and thcholoroethane (2.928g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 250 rpm for 2 hours. Everolimus (0.01224g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes. The first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 50microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 6um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) (0.12g), chloroform (4.6848g) and thcholoroethane (1.17g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 250 rpm for 2 hours.
• Phosphoryl choline (0.2g) in methanol (2.44g) and dimethylacetamide (2.44g) was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus 0.0444g was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 6um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate) (0.12g) chloroform (4.6848g) and tricholoroethane (1 .17g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 250 rpm for 2 hours.
• Phosphoryl choline (0.2g) in methanol (2.44g) and dimethylacetamide (2.44g) was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus 0.0444g was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 6um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) (0.2g), acetone (8g) and methylisobutylketone (2g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 560 rpm for 2 hours.
• cRGD 0.4g was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus (0.06g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 56um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co- ⁇ -caprolactone) (0.2g), acetone (8g) and methylisobutylketone (2g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 560 rpm for 2 hours.
• RGD 0.4g was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus (0.06g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug- polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 56um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate) (0.2g), acetone (8g) and methylisobutylketone (2g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 560 rpm for 2 hours.
• cRGD 0.4g was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus (0.06g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug-polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 56um.
• a composition was prepared by placing poly(L-lactide-co-thmethylene carbonate) (0.2g), acetone (8g) and methylisobutylketone (2g) in a tightly closed glass bottle and stirring at 560 rpm for 2 hours.
• RGD 0.4g was added to the reaction mixture and mixture further stirred for 2 hours.
• Everolimus (0.06g) was then added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for an additional 2 minutes.
• the first composition was applied onto the stent and dried to form a drug-polymer layer.
• composition was applied onto a stent by any conventional method, for example, by spraying or dipping.
• a primer layer e.g., the above formulation without the therapeutically active substance
• the drug to polymer wt/wt ratio is 1 :5.
• the drug dose is about 100microgram/cm 2 .
• the drug reservoir layer coating thickness is 56um.

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-27 US US11/881,668 patent/US8182829B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
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