WO2009014949A1 - Craqueur à haute performance - Google Patents

Craqueur à haute performance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009014949A1
WO2009014949A1 PCT/US2008/070152 US2008070152W WO2009014949A1 WO 2009014949 A1 WO2009014949 A1 WO 2009014949A1 US 2008070152 W US2008070152 W US 2008070152W WO 2009014949 A1 WO2009014949 A1 WO 2009014949A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
section
convection
radiant
sub
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/070152
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Baozhong Zhao
Edward F. Stanley
John R. Garland
Samir J. Serhan
Original Assignee
Selas Fluid Processing Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selas Fluid Processing Corporation filed Critical Selas Fluid Processing Corporation
Publication of WO2009014949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009014949A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus

Definitions

  • pyrolytic furnaces are employed in the petroleum industry to reduce the molecular weight of hydrocarbons by breaking their molecular bonds to yield olefins.
  • cracking of hydrocarbons is a petrochemical process that is widely used to produce olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butenes, butadiene, from a hydrocarbon feedstock such as naphtha, ethane, propane, gas oil or other fractions of whole crude oil.
  • the invention relates to a pyrolytic furnace for thermally cracking hydrocarbon process fluid, and a method of operating the pyrolytic furnace.
  • the furnace comprises a convection section including a plurality of convection sub-sections, a radiant section comprising a plurality of radiant sub-sections, and an enclosure defining a plurality of discrete sectors.
  • Each discrete sector of the enclosure includes a convection sub-section having at least one convection conduit for carrying hydrocarbon process fluid, at least one radiant sub-section having at least one radiant conduit connected to receive preheated hydrocarbon process fluid from the convection conduit, and a heat source configured to deliver heat into the discrete sector. Adjacent sectors of the furnace are segregated from each other, such that the heat delivered from the heat source is substantially localized in the discrete sector of the enclosure.
  • each convection conduit is contained entirely within its respective convection sub-section.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevation schematic view of an exemplary pyrolytic furnace
  • FIG. 2A is a front elevation schematic view of a pyrolytic furnace according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2C is a perspective view of another pyrolytic furnace having a single radiant box arrangement shown schematically;
  • FIG. 2D is a right side elevation schematic view illustrating a twin radiant box arrangement of the pyrolytic furnace of FIG. 2A;
  • FIGS. 3-5 are front elevation schematic views of various pyrolytic furnaces according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a convection section of a furnace shown schematically (radiant section omitted) according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another convection section of a furnace shown schematically (radiant section omitted) according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • a furnace 200, 300, 400, 500 comprises a convection section 210, 310, 410, and 510 including a plurality of convection sub-sections 210(A-D), 310(A-D), 410(A-D), and 510(A-D) a radiant section 250, 350, 450, and 550 comprising a plurality of radiant subsections 250(A-D), 350(A-D), 450(A-D), and 550(A-D) and an enclosure 212, 312, 412 and 512 defining a plurality of discrete sectors.
  • Each discrete sector of the enclosure includes a convection sub-section 210(A-D), 310(A-D), 410(A-D), and 510(A-D) having at least one convection conduit for carrying hydrocarbon process fluid, at least one radiant sub-section 250(A-D), 350(A-D), 450(A-D) and 550(A-D) having at least one radiant conduit connected to receive preheated hydrocarbon process fluid from the convection conduit, and a heat source 230, 330, 430, 530 configured to deliver heat into the discrete sector. Adjacent sectors of the furnace 200, 300, 400 and 500 are segregated from each other, such that the heat delivered from the heat source is substantially localized in the discrete sector of the enclosure 212, 312, 412 and 512.
  • the hydrocarbon feed 132 goes through two sections of convection section 110.
  • the hydrocarbon feed 132 is distributed through feed preheat coils 114 that extend along the entire length "L" of the convection section 110.
  • the preheated hydrocarbon feed 132 is then distributed through a set of conduits 140 (four shown) positioned exterior to the enclosure 112. Steam is injected into each conduit 140 for diluting the preheated hydrocarbon feed 132.
  • Conduits interconnecting the preheat coils such as conduit 140, may also be referred to in the art as 'jumpovers.
  • the diluted and preheated hydrocarbon feed is distributed through the mix-feed preheat coils 122 that extend along the entire length "L" of the convection section 110.
  • the term ⁇ mix' refers to the mixing that occurs between the hydrocarbon feed and the steam within the coils 122.
  • the coils 114 and 122 are heated by thermal energy generated by a heat source 130 positioned within the radiant section 150. Thermal energy emitted by the heat source 130 rises through the radiant section 150 and into the convection section 110, consequently heating the hydrocarbon feed within the coils 114 and 122.
  • the individual diluted and preheated hydrocarbon feed streams are then transported through individual conduits 126 into the radiant section 150. Conduits interconnecting the convection section with the radiant section, such as conduits 126, may also be referred to in the art as 'crossovers.'
  • the diluted and preheated hydrocarbon feed streams are then distributed through a series of radiant coils 128 extending along the height "H" of the radiant section 150.
  • the diluted and preheated hydrocarbon feed streams are heated within the radiant coils 128 by the heat source 130.
  • the hydrocarbon feed is heated to a temperature of above 1200 degrees Fahrenheit, for example, which is sufficient to crack the hydrocarbon mixture and yield effluent 136. Referring now to FIGS.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B front and perspective views of another pyrolytic furnace 200 are illustrated schematically, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the furnace 200 includes a convection section 210 for preheating a diluting hydrocarbon feed stock 232 and a radiant section 250 for cracking the hydrocarbon feed stock to yield effluent 236 comprising olefins and byproducts.
  • the convection and radiant sections are optionally contained within a single enclosure 212.
  • the convection section 210 includes a plurality of convection sub-sections 210(A), 210(B), 210(C) and 210(D), collectively referred to as 210(A-D). Only convection subsection 210(D) is illustrated in FIG. 2B for clarity.
  • the radiant section 250 optionally comprises four radiant sub-sections 250(A), 250(B), 250(C) and 250(D), collectively referred to as item 250(A-D). Only radiant sub-section 250(D) is illustrated in FIG. 2B for clarity.
  • the sub-sections of the convection and radiant sections are preferably organized in sectors within the enclosure 212.
  • the furnace 200 shown in FIG. 2A includes four sectors.
  • Each sector includes a convection sub-section 210(A-D), a corresponding radiant sub-section 250(A-D), and a set of heat sources 230 (8 per sector).
  • the first sector comprises convection sub-section 210(A), radiant sub-section 250(A) and 8 heat sources 230.
  • the second sector comprises convection sub-section 210(B), radiant sub-section 250(B) and 8 heat sources 230, and so forth.
  • Each convection sub-section 210(A-D) is configured to preheat and dilute the hydrocarbon feed 232 for distribution into a corresponding radiant sub-section 250(A-D).
  • the convection sub-sections 210(A-D) optionally comprises a feed preheat section 214 and a mix-feed preheat section 222.
  • Each coil is a thermally conductive hollow tube capable of carrying hydrocarbon feed.
  • the individual coils are preferably positioned within the boundaries of their respective sector, the significance of which will be explained in greater detail below.
  • hydrocarbon feed 232 is first distributed through the feed preheat section 214 of each sector.
  • Each feed preheat section 214 is heated by a set of heat sources 230 positioned with its respective sector.
  • the pre-heated hydrocarbon feed 232 is then delivered into a series of individual conduits 240 (three conduits per sub-section shown). As shown in FIG. 2B, the individual conduits 240 optionally extend outside of the enclosure 212.
  • Steam 234 is then delivered into each conduit 240 through an inlet port (not shown). The steam 234 dilutes the preheated hydrocarbon feed within the conduits 240.
  • the diluted and preheated hydrocarbon feed is thereafter distributed through the mix-feed preheat section 222 of each convection sub-section 210(A-D) for further heating.
  • the diluted and twice pre-heated hydrocarbon feed is then distributed through a series of individual conduits 226 (three conduits shown) and into respective sub-sections of the radiant section 250. As shown in FIG. 2B, the individual conduits 226 optionally extend outside of the enclosure 212.
  • Each radiant sub-section 250(A-D) comprises a plurality of radiant coils 228, and a set of heat sources 230 (8 heat sources per sector).
  • Each radiant coil 228 is a thermally conductive hollow tube through which the hydrocarbon feed is distributed. The radiant coils 228 are heated by heat sources 230 for cracking the hydrocarbon feed within each coil 228 to yield effluent 236.
  • the discrete sectors are oriented in a side-by-side arrangement along the length " L" of the furnace 200, whereby adjacent convection and radiant sub-sections are each separated by a gap "G.”
  • the gap "G" may be about two times as large as the outer diameter of a conduit 228. Accordingly, no conduit or coil of a convection sub-section 210(A-D) or a radiant sub-section 250(A-D) overlaps or intrudes upon the space boundaries of an adjacent sector.
  • heat generated by each set of heat sources 230 is substantially concentrated in that sector.
  • the heat generated by each set of heat sources 230 may be adjusted for controlling the temperature of each sector.
  • the radiant coils carrying hot steam and air i.e., undergoing decoking
  • the furnace 200 may include provisions such that its length "L" may be increased to accommodate a greater number of sectors (each sector including at least one radiant sub-section and a corresponding convection sub-section).
  • olefin yields of conventional furnaces vary from radiant coil to radiant coil. Adjusting the flow rate and/or temperature of a single radiant coil to maximize the olefin yield of the hydrocarbon feed within one coil may adversely impact the temperature of an adjacent radiant coil. Thus, adjustment of either the flow rate and/or temperature of a single hydrocarbon stream is limited by the temperature constraints of the adjacent hydrocarbon streams. Once the temperature variation between the radiant coils becomes too great, the conventional furnace would be off-line for early non-routine maintenance, which is undesirable from the operational and cost perspectives.
  • furnace 200' is similar to furnace 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, with the exception of the manifold 226' and the modified radiant coils 228'.
  • three individual hydrocarbon feed streams are combined in a manifold 226' after the hydrocarbon feed is distributed through the mix-feed preheat section 222 of each convection sub-section 210(A-D).
  • the manifold 226' promotes even heating and dilution of the hydrocarbon feed streams 232.
  • the manifold 226' optionally extends outside of the enclosure 212. Although only one sector of the furnace 200' is shown in FIG. 2C, it should be understood that each sector of the furnace 200' may include a manifold 226'.
  • FIG. 2D depicts a right side elevation schematic view of a twin radiant box furnace 200" having two radiant sub-sections corresponding to each convection sub- section. Specifically, FIG. 2D depicts one sector of furnace 200" that includes two radiant sub-sections 250(D") and 250(E) corresponding to one convection sub-section 210(D"). Each radiant sub-section includes one or more heat sources 230 for heating the hydrocarbon feed. It should be understood that the furnace 200" optionally includes four (4) convection sub-sections and eight (8) radiant sub-sections. Each convection sub-section of furnace 200" comprises a feed preheat section
  • the manifolds 326 and 340 promote even heating and dilution of the hydrocarbon feed streams 332.
  • the build-up of coke may vary from coil to coil, consequently affecting the flow rate and temperature of each hydrocarbon feed stream.
  • combining the hydrocarbon feed streams 332 of each convection sub-section 310(A-D) at one or more locations promotes even heating and dilutions of the hydrocarbon feed streams.
  • Each partition 560 extends upwards from the base 562 of the enclosure 512 for shielding adjacent radiant sub-sections 550(A-D).
  • the partitions 560 may extend along a portion of the height of the radiant section (as shown), or, alternatively, the partitions 560 may extend along the entire height of the radiant section 550.
  • the partitions 560 may optionally be suspended from the roof 570 of the radiant section 550 to achieve a similar effect.
  • each sector of the furnace optionally includes a series of flue gas shutters 572 positioned between each convection sub- section, e.g., 510(A), and its corresponding radiant section e.g., 550(A).
  • the flue gas shutters 572 are moveable to control the amount of heat delivered to each convection sub-section 510(A-D).
  • manifold 640 may be replaced by individual conduits, if so desired.
  • the outlet of the coils 625 of each mix-feed preheat section 622(A-D) is fluidly coupled to another manifold 626.
  • Each manifold 626 is fluidly coupled to two (2) radiant conduits 628.
  • the radiant conduits 628 extend into a corresponding radiant sub-section (not shown).
  • the twice-preheated and diluted hydrocarbon feed streams 624 are delivered into a respective manifold 626, where the streams are combined together and optionally mixed with steam (not shown).
  • the hydrocarbon feed within each manifold 626 is then distributed into two radiant conduits 626 and delivered into a corresponding radiant sub-section (not shown) for cracking.
  • each mix-feed preheat section 722 is fluidly coupled to another manifold 726.
  • Each manifold 726 is fluidly coupled to two (2) radiant conduits 728.
  • the radiant conduits 728 extend into a corresponding radiant sub-section (not shown). According to one exemplary use of the convection section 710, hydrocarbon feed
  • the mix-feed preheat sub-sections 722(A-D) are substantially equivalent to the mix-feed preheat sub-sections 622(A-D) of FIG. 6, and no further explanation is required.
  • the manifolds 713, 740 and 735 may be replaced by individual conduits, if so desired.
  • exemplary embodiments of this invention provide high capacity pyrolytic furnaces that can meet the rapidly expanding global demand for ethylene. To increase the capacity of a single cracking heater, the radiant coil length and the number of radiant coils may be increased, resulting in a larger radiant enclosure. Additionally, and according to exemplary embodiments of this invention, expansion of the radiant section is not constrained by limitations of the convection section.
  • the convection and radiant sections may include any number of coils and conduits.
  • each sector may include any number of heat sources, convection sub-sections, or radiant subsections to meet any desired purpose.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un four pour le craquage thermique d'un fluide de traitement hydrocarboné. Le four comprend une section de convection comprenant une pluralité de sous-sections de convection, une section radiante comprenant une pluralité de sous-sections radiantes, et une enceinte définissant une pluralité de secteurs discrets. Chaque secteur discret de l'enceinte comprend une sous-section de convection ayant au moins un conduit de convection pour transporter un fluide de traitement hydrocarboné, au moins une sous-section radiante ayant au moins un conduit radiant relié pour recevoir un fluide de traitement hydrocarboné préchauffé à partir du conduit de convection, et une source de chaleur configurée pour délivrer de la chaleur dans le secteur discret. Des secteurs adjacents du four sont séparés l'un de l'autre, de telle sorte que la chaleur délivrée par la source de chaleur est sensiblement localisée dans le secteur discret de l'enceinte.
PCT/US2008/070152 2007-07-20 2008-07-16 Craqueur à haute performance WO2009014949A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/880,189 2007-07-20
US11/880,189 US20090022635A1 (en) 2007-07-20 2007-07-20 High-performance cracker

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WO2009014949A1 true WO2009014949A1 (fr) 2009-01-29

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