WO2009014479A1 - A heat insulating wall - Google Patents

A heat insulating wall Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009014479A1
WO2009014479A1 PCT/SE2008/000458 SE2008000458W WO2009014479A1 WO 2009014479 A1 WO2009014479 A1 WO 2009014479A1 SE 2008000458 W SE2008000458 W SE 2008000458W WO 2009014479 A1 WO2009014479 A1 WO 2009014479A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cellular plastic
air
plastic board
ventilation ducts
board unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2008/000458
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Magnus Olsson
Original Assignee
Magnus Olsson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magnus Olsson filed Critical Magnus Olsson
Publication of WO2009014479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009014479A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • E04B1/7076—Air vents for walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/523—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for ventilating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat insulating wall having a supporting structure on the interior part of the heating wall.
  • the supporting structure is lined with a cellular plastic board unit which has recesses arranged in the surface layer of the cellular plastic board unit, which layer faces towards the supporting structure.
  • the cellular plastic board unit has a lining material of dressed cement plaster on the exterior part of the wall.
  • the recesses consist of venting ducts extending at least through parts of the surface of extension of the exterior layer parallel with this containing air flowing through, which is intended to be removed by ventilation.
  • the heating insulating walls have an interior supporting structure which is supplemented on the outside with a number of boards of cellular plastic mounted edge to edge, alongside one another, supplemented by a lining, preferably of cement plaster.
  • a lining preferably of cement plaster.
  • a film constituting a moisture barrier immediately behind a fibreboard in a supporting structure present on the inside this structure being constructed of timber shear walls with intermediate insulation.
  • the supporting structure is terminated with a second wooden fibreboard, preferably of plaster. It has been shown that the steam pressure at certain points penetrates beyond the moisture barrier in small cavities, particularly at the point of connections to joists, and condenses out as moisture and wet against the cellular plastic boards. Attempts were then made to arrange these as closely as possible against and abutting the supporting structure in the hope that moisture will not be able to penetrate at those points. Such attempts have failed moisture still condenses and penetrates further into the cellular plastic board units, which are then damaged by frost.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the above-mentioned structures by arranging recesses in the form of ventilation ducts in the surface layer of the frigolite boards facing towards the supporting structure, the ventilation ducts being filled with air flowing through them directly towards the supporting structure and dehumidifying the heat insulating wall before the moisture enters the cellular plastic board units.
  • the heat insulating wall has a supporting structure arranged in the interior of the heat insulating wall facing inwards, which structure is lined with cellular plastic board units, preferably produced from polystyrene cellular plastic, which are arranged in the exterior part of the wall closest to the outside.
  • the cellular plastic board unit has a lining material, preferably dressed cement plaster.
  • the heat insulating wall has open recesses, which are arranged in the surface layer of the cellular plastic board unit. The recesses face towards the supporting structure, so that air flows through them towards the supporting structure.
  • the recesses extend as ventilation ducts mainly along the entire surface of extension of the surface layer and parallel with it, this air flowing through the ventilation ducts removing the moisture by ventilation.
  • the supporting structure viewed from the inside of the interior part in the direction of the exterior part, is initially constructed with a first fibreboard, preferably a plasterboard. Behind this a plastic film is adhered to a supporting shear wall having glass wool or mineral wall insulation arranged between and around the shear walls.
  • a second fibreboard preferably also a plasterboard, is mounted on the other side of the timber shear wall frame. This then constitutes part of the wall surrounding the ventilation duct in the open recesses when the cellular plastic board unit is securely fitted to the second fibreboard.
  • the ventilation ducts form a grid pattern, viewed in a direction transverse to the surface of extension and towards it, where the ventilation ducts coincide at crossings where the flowing air converges, is mixed and flows through.
  • the crossings have rounded corners where the ventilation ducts converge with a rounded formation transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ventilation ducts in order to reduce the friction of the air flowing through them towards the surrounding walls of the ventilation duct.
  • the surface layer between the ducts then forms projections, the ventilation ducts running around the projections forming the grid pattern.
  • the projections then constitute a spacer having a predetermined length and constituting a depth in the recess in the cellular plastic board unit, which therefore generally bears with a contact surface against the second fibreboard.
  • a total contact surface area per cellular plastic board unit may be less than 50% of the extension area of the surface layer to bring about effective removal of the moisture by ventilation with a low air flow rate, which also provides good heat insulation.
  • the ventilation ducts will then be between 5 and 20 cm wide, and the size of the contract surface area will be approx. 5-20 cm x 5-20 cm.
  • a cellular plastic board unit is suitably produced in a single piece in a tool, a simple, low cost operation, the ventilation ducts having, transverse to their longitudinal direction, when cut away, has some form of square formation in which the recess is widest closest to the surface layer, which is why no jaws are required for production in the tool.
  • the grid pattern has, preferably at its edges, a number of supply air connections for introducing supply air, preferably derived from the outdoor air, and to ensure that by heating in or outside the ventilation ducts it reduces the relative humidity of the air flowing through, thereby enabling it tolerate and absorb more moisture in the ventilation ducts, the moisture being absorbed and conveyed out through the exhaust air connection by convention or by means of at least one fan, which causes the air to flow through at a preselected rate and duration, the ventilation ducts being dehumidified.
  • each cellular plastic board unit enables them to be arranged against each other edge to edge in terms of the extension and position of the ventilation ducts so that they are contact with each other, edge to edge, when the cellular plastic boards are mounted over the extension surface for assembly.
  • the supply and exhaust air connections will then have their corresponding male and female parts similar to a pipe inserted in another pipe, or with an intermediate pipe which is assembled separately between the cellular plastic board units, for fitting into each other.
  • the assembly of the cellular plastic board units and their fixing to each other are facilitated in that the male parts, female parts and edges have frictional parts for determining their position in the form of grooves, hooks or tongues, which fix the position and lock the cellular plastic board units against each other when permanently assembled in the supporting structure.
  • the supply air connection and the exhaust air connection have adjustable openings which can be adjusted, by the influence of an applied force, to be open to varying degrees or fully closed in order to supply the required quantity of supply air and expel the exhaust air at desired times and intervals in order to obtain a suitable quantity of moisture in the air flowing through in terms of the maximum heat insulating capacity of the cellular plastic board unit without moisture damage occurring on the surface layer. If too much cold air flows through the moisture damage disappears, whilst the heating insulating capacity becomes inadequate.
  • the air flow rate can be set so that maximum heat insulation is achieved without moisture damage.
  • the supply air connection and exhaust air connection can be provided with filters/nets for repelling insects and dirt particles at selected points.
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section through a heat insulating wall
  • Fig. 2 shows a view of a cellular plastic board unit viewed towards its surface layer
  • Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of a connection between parts of two cellular plastic board units arranged alongside each other edge to edge
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a part of a cellular plastic board unit viewed in the direction of the surface layer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heat insulating wall 1 with a supporting structure 3 in the interior part 4 of the heat insulating wall 1.
  • the supporting structure 3 is lined with a layer of a cellular plastic board unit 5 having a lining material 7 in the exterior part 6 of the heat insulating wall 1.
  • An air gap 2, in the form of recesses 8 in surface layer 9 of the cellular plastic board unit 5 faces towards the supporting structure 3 and are constructed as ventilation ducts 10, which extend through selected parts of extension area 31 of the surface layer 9 parallel to it, and contain through-flowing air 11.
  • the supporting structure 3, viewed from the inside and out, has a first fibreboard 12 on a supporting shear wall frame 14, with insulation 15 with plastic film 13.
  • the shear wall frame 14 is lined with another second fibreboard 16, which constitutes part of the surrounding wall 26 of the ventilation duct 10, but the recesses 8 otherwise constitute the rest of the surrounding walls 26 (See also Fig. 4).
  • the ventilation ducts 10 extend into a grid pattern 18, viewed in a direction 17 (See Figs. 1, 4) transverse to the extension surface 31, where the ventilation ducts 10 converge at crossings 19.
  • the grid pattern 18 has supply air connections 20 for introducing supply air 21, and exhaust air connections 22 for expelling exhaust air 23, which air is supplied/expelled by convection or by means of a fan 24.
  • the supply air connection 20 and the exhaust air connection 22 have adjustable openings 30, which are open to different degrees or are fully closed for bringing about varied supply of the supply air 21 or removal of the exhaust air 23.
  • grid pattern 18 corresponds to each cellular plastic board unit 5 when they have been assembled together edge 28 to edge 28 (See also Fig. 2). so that the extension and position of the ventilation ducts 10 coincide.
  • the supply air connection 20 and the exhaust air connection 22 each have their corresponding male part 32 and female part 33 respectively for fitting into each other in that the male part 32 or the female part 33 or the edges 28 have at least their own frictional part 34 in the form of grooves, hooks, tracks or rebates that create friction against one another.
  • Fig. 4 shows that the surface layer 9 on the sides of the ventilation ducts 10 form projections 27, which extend in the direction 17, wherein the ventilation ducts 10 run round the projections 27 with rounded corners 25.
  • the projections 27 have a length pointing in the direction 17 constituting a spacer as depth 29 in the ventilation duct 10, surface layer 9 of cellular plastic board unit 5 outside the ventilation ducts generally bearing, with a contact surface 35 (see also Fig. 2), against the second fibreboard 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat insulating wall (1) having at least one supporting structure (3) arranged on the interior part (4) of the heat insulating wall (1) facing indoors, said supporting structure (3) is lined directly or indirectly with a layer of at least one cellular plastic board unit (5), preferably produced from polystyrene cellular plastic, which is arranged on the exterior part (6) of the wall (1) facing outdoors, said cellular plastic board unit (5) has a lining material (7) consisting of dressed cement plaster, wherein at least one air gap (2) is arranged in the heat insulating wall (1) for removing moisture by ventilation, said air gap (2) consists of recesses (8) in the surface layer (9) of the cellular plastic (5), said recesses (8) face towards the supporting structure (3), preferably in the form of at least one ventilation duct (10) extending at least through parts of the extension area (31) of the surface layer (9), parallel with it, containing through-flowing air (11), which removes the moisture.

Description

A heat insulating wall
This invention relates to a heat insulating wall having a supporting structure on the interior part of the heating wall. The supporting structure is lined with a cellular plastic board unit which has recesses arranged in the surface layer of the cellular plastic board unit, which layer faces towards the supporting structure. The cellular plastic board unit has a lining material of dressed cement plaster on the exterior part of the wall. The recesses consist of venting ducts extending at least through parts of the surface of extension of the exterior layer parallel with this containing air flowing through, which is intended to be removed by ventilation.
In the structures of the type in question available on the market, the heating insulating walls have an interior supporting structure which is supplemented on the outside with a number of boards of cellular plastic mounted edge to edge, alongside one another, supplemented by a lining, preferably of cement plaster. Problems arise when warm indoor air migrates through the heat insulating wall towards colder parts in the outdoor direction. The warm air is cooled and moisture is precipitated in the heat insulating wall and causes moisture damage in it, resulting in mould damage and damage to the lining. The cement plaster falls off bit by bit because the moisture in it gives rise to frost damage. To avoid these damages use is sometimes made of a film constituting a moisture barrier immediately behind a fibreboard in a supporting structure present on the inside, this structure being constructed of timber shear walls with intermediate insulation. The supporting structure is terminated with a second wooden fibreboard, preferably of plaster. It has been shown that the steam pressure at certain points penetrates beyond the moisture barrier in small cavities, particularly at the point of connections to joists, and condenses out as moisture and wet against the cellular plastic boards. Attempts were then made to arrange these as closely as possible against and abutting the supporting structure in the hope that moisture will not be able to penetrate at those points. Such attempts have failed moisture still condenses and penetrates further into the cellular plastic board units, which are then damaged by frost. Attempts have been made to solve this problem by laying laths, constituting a spacer on the supporting structure, creating at that point an air gap against the cellular plastic boards to remove the moisture by ventilation. Such work increases the material and labour cost, and still may not be satisfactory because insects and dirt enter and cause blockages. Moreover, heat insulation deteriorates considerably, particularly when cold air flows through the air gap uncontrolled.
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the above-mentioned structures by arranging recesses in the form of ventilation ducts in the surface layer of the frigolite boards facing towards the supporting structure, the ventilation ducts being filled with air flowing through them directly towards the supporting structure and dehumidifying the heat insulating wall before the moisture enters the cellular plastic board units.
Thanks to the invention a heat insulating wall has now been provided which reduces the risk of moisture damages in the same at the same time as work involving laths to provide a spacer is eliminated. The heat insulating wall has a supporting structure arranged in the interior of the heat insulating wall facing inwards, which structure is lined with cellular plastic board units, preferably produced from polystyrene cellular plastic, which are arranged in the exterior part of the wall closest to the outside. The cellular plastic board unit has a lining material, preferably dressed cement plaster. According to the invention the heat insulating wall has open recesses, which are arranged in the surface layer of the cellular plastic board unit. The recesses face towards the supporting structure, so that air flows through them towards the supporting structure. The recesses extend as ventilation ducts mainly along the entire surface of extension of the surface layer and parallel with it, this air flowing through the ventilation ducts removing the moisture by ventilation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the supporting structure, viewed from the inside of the interior part in the direction of the exterior part, is initially constructed with a first fibreboard, preferably a plasterboard. Behind this a plastic film is adhered to a supporting shear wall having glass wool or mineral wall insulation arranged between and around the shear walls. A second fibreboard, preferably also a plasterboard, is mounted on the other side of the timber shear wall frame. This then constitutes part of the wall surrounding the ventilation duct in the open recesses when the cellular plastic board unit is securely fitted to the second fibreboard. AU the other recesses then constitute the rest of the surrounding walls, causing the ventilation ducts to remove the moisture present there directly from the second fibreboard directly before the moisture has penetrated the cellular plastic board unit. The ventilation ducts form a grid pattern, viewed in a direction transverse to the surface of extension and towards it, where the ventilation ducts coincide at crossings where the flowing air converges, is mixed and flows through. The crossings have rounded corners where the ventilation ducts converge with a rounded formation transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ventilation ducts in order to reduce the friction of the air flowing through them towards the surrounding walls of the ventilation duct. The surface layer between the ducts then forms projections, the ventilation ducts running around the projections forming the grid pattern. Some of the other ventilation ducts may then be straight. The projections then constitute a spacer having a predetermined length and constituting a depth in the recess in the cellular plastic board unit, which therefore generally bears with a contact surface against the second fibreboard. A total contact surface area per cellular plastic board unit may be less than 50% of the extension area of the surface layer to bring about effective removal of the moisture by ventilation with a low air flow rate, which also provides good heat insulation. The ventilation ducts will then be between 5 and 20 cm wide, and the size of the contract surface area will be approx. 5-20 cm x 5-20 cm. A cellular plastic board unit is suitably produced in a single piece in a tool, a simple, low cost operation, the ventilation ducts having, transverse to their longitudinal direction, when cut away, has some form of square formation in which the recess is widest closest to the surface layer, which is why no jaws are required for production in the tool. The grid pattern has, preferably at its edges, a number of supply air connections for introducing supply air, preferably derived from the outdoor air, and to ensure that by heating in or outside the ventilation ducts it reduces the relative humidity of the air flowing through, thereby enabling it tolerate and absorb more moisture in the ventilation ducts, the moisture being absorbed and conveyed out through the exhaust air connection by convention or by means of at least one fan, which causes the air to flow through at a preselected rate and duration, the ventilation ducts being dehumidified. The grid pattern in each cellular plastic board unit enables them to be arranged against each other edge to edge in terms of the extension and position of the ventilation ducts so that they are contact with each other, edge to edge, when the cellular plastic boards are mounted over the extension surface for assembly. The supply and exhaust air connections will then have their corresponding male and female parts similar to a pipe inserted in another pipe, or with an intermediate pipe which is assembled separately between the cellular plastic board units, for fitting into each other. The assembly of the cellular plastic board units and their fixing to each other are facilitated in that the male parts, female parts and edges have frictional parts for determining their position in the form of grooves, hooks or tongues, which fix the position and lock the cellular plastic board units against each other when permanently assembled in the supporting structure. In a variant of the invention the supply air connection and the exhaust air connection have adjustable openings which can be adjusted, by the influence of an applied force, to be open to varying degrees or fully closed in order to supply the required quantity of supply air and expel the exhaust air at desired times and intervals in order to obtain a suitable quantity of moisture in the air flowing through in terms of the maximum heat insulating capacity of the cellular plastic board unit without moisture damage occurring on the surface layer. If too much cold air flows through the moisture damage disappears, whilst the heating insulating capacity becomes inadequate. According to the invention the air flow rate can be set so that maximum heat insulation is achieved without moisture damage. The supply air connection and exhaust air connection can be provided with filters/nets for repelling insects and dirt particles at selected points. For optimum control of the moisture climate in the ventilation ducts selected points on the heat insulating wall outdoors, indoors, at the adjustable openings, the ventilation ducts and the fan, are provided with sensors which read off different measured values such as temperature, relative humidity, the flow rate of the air at selected points in the ventilation ducts etc. at predetermined times, then transmit these measured values to a computer/processor via communication channels from the sensors. These measured values are then continuously compared with progressive values required at any time and have been programmed into the computer/processor. When a discrepancy between the measured and programmed values has been observed, these are processed by the computer/ processor which instructs the fan, the adjustable openings etc. to be set to cause the measured values to be as close as possible to the desired values. The invention is described in greater detail on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section through a heat insulating wall,
Fig. 2 shows a view of a cellular plastic board unit viewed towards its surface layer,
Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of a connection between parts of two cellular plastic board units arranged alongside each other edge to edge, and
Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a part of a cellular plastic board unit viewed in the direction of the surface layer.
Fig. 1 shows a heat insulating wall 1 with a supporting structure 3 in the interior part 4 of the heat insulating wall 1. The supporting structure 3 is lined with a layer of a cellular plastic board unit 5 having a lining material 7 in the exterior part 6 of the heat insulating wall 1. An air gap 2, in the form of recesses 8 in surface layer 9 of the cellular plastic board unit 5 faces towards the supporting structure 3 and are constructed as ventilation ducts 10, which extend through selected parts of extension area 31 of the surface layer 9 parallel to it, and contain through-flowing air 11. The supporting structure 3, viewed from the inside and out, has a first fibreboard 12 on a supporting shear wall frame 14, with insulation 15 with plastic film 13. The shear wall frame 14 is lined with another second fibreboard 16, which constitutes part of the surrounding wall 26 of the ventilation duct 10, but the recesses 8 otherwise constitute the rest of the surrounding walls 26 (See also Fig. 4).
As shown in Fig. 2, the ventilation ducts 10 extend into a grid pattern 18, viewed in a direction 17 (See Figs. 1, 4) transverse to the extension surface 31, where the ventilation ducts 10 converge at crossings 19. The grid pattern 18 has supply air connections 20 for introducing supply air 21, and exhaust air connections 22 for expelling exhaust air 23, which air is supplied/expelled by convection or by means of a fan 24. The supply air connection 20 and the exhaust air connection 22 have adjustable openings 30, which are open to different degrees or are fully closed for bringing about varied supply of the supply air 21 or removal of the exhaust air 23.
As shown in Fig. 3, grid pattern 18 corresponds to each cellular plastic board unit 5 when they have been assembled together edge 28 to edge 28 (See also Fig. 2). so that the extension and position of the ventilation ducts 10 coincide. The supply air connection 20 and the exhaust air connection 22 each have their corresponding male part 32 and female part 33 respectively for fitting into each other in that the male part 32 or the female part 33 or the edges 28 have at least their own frictional part 34 in the form of grooves, hooks, tracks or rebates that create friction against one another.
Fig. 4 shows that the surface layer 9 on the sides of the ventilation ducts 10 form projections 27, which extend in the direction 17, wherein the ventilation ducts 10 run round the projections 27 with rounded corners 25. The projections 27 have a length pointing in the direction 17 constituting a spacer as depth 29 in the ventilation duct 10, surface layer 9 of cellular plastic board unit 5 outside the ventilation ducts generally bearing, with a contact surface 35 (see also Fig. 2), against the second fibreboard 16.

Claims

Claims
1. A heat insulating wall (1) having at least one supporting structure (3) in the interior part (4) of the heat insulating wall (1) facing indoors, said supporting structure (3) is lined directly or indirectly with a layer of at least one cellular plastic board unit (5) in the exterior part (6) of the heating insulating wall (1) facing outdoors, said cellular plastic board unit (5) closest the outside consisting of a lining material (7) consisting of dressed cement plaster, wherein at least one air gap (2) is arranged in the heat insulating wall (1) for removing moisture by ventilation, characterized in that the air gap (2) consists of at least one recess (8), which is arranged in the surface layer (9) of the cellular plastic board unit (5), said recess (8) faces towards the supporting structure (3), preferably in the form of at least one ventilation duct (10) extending through at least parts of the extension surface (31) of the surface layer (9) and parallel with it, and containing through-flowing air (11) for removing the moisture.
2. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure (3), viewed from the inside of the interior part (4) in the direction of the exterior part (6), initially has at least one first fibreboard (12), preferably a plasterboard, with at least one plastic film (13) arranged on a supporting shear wall frame (14) having insulation (15), preferably of glass wool and/or mineral wool between/round the shear walls, which walls are lined with at least one second fibreboard (16), preferably a plasterboard, which constitutes part of the surrounding wall (26) of the ventilation duct (10), for covering over the recess (8), wherein this generally constitutes the rest of the surrounding walls (26), which through-flowing air (11) flows at least to a certain extent to the second fibreboard (16) and therefore dehumidifies it at least to a certain extent.
3. A wall according to claim 1 , characterized in that a number of ventilation ducts (10) extend to form at least one grid pattern (18), viewed in a direction (17) transverse to the extension surface (31), where the ventilation ducts (10) converge at crossings (19), and where the through-flowing air (11) converges, is mixed and flows through, which grid pattern (18) has at least one supply air connection (20) for introducing supply air (21) containing a small quantity of moisture, and at least one exhaust air connection (22) for expelling exhaust air (23) containing more moisture than the supply air (21).
4. A wall according to claim 3, characterized in that the grid pattern (18) in each cellular plastic board unit (5) mutually corresponds in terms of the extension and length of the ventilation ducts (10) when converging with each other edge (28) to edge (28), since they are arranged over the extension surface (31) for their mutual assembly, wherein the supply air connection (20) and the exhaust air connection (22) each has its corresponding male part (32) and female part (33) respectively, for fitting into each other, similar to pipes inserted in another pipe, or where a pipe is mounted in two female parts (33) between the cellular plastic board unit (5), which pipe constitutes the male part (32).
5. A wall according to claim 4, characterized in that the assembly of the cellular plastic board units (5) involves fixing them to each other in that the male part (32) and/or the female part (33) or the edges (28) each have at least their frictional part (34) in the form of grooves, hooks, tracks or rebates, which create friction against each other.
6. A wall according to claim 3, characterized in that the supply air (21) is supplied from outside, and in that this air, preferably through heating in and/or outside the ventilation duct (10), reduces the relative humidity of the through-flowing air (11) before it flows into the ventilation duct (10), thereby enabling it to tolerate and absorb moisture in the ventilation ducts (22) by convection or by means of at least one fan (24), which causes the through-flowing air to flow at a pre-selected rate, wherein the ventilation duct (10) is dehumidified.
7. A wall according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the crossings (19) have rounded corners (25) viewed in the direction (17) and/or a rounded shape transverse to the longitudinal direction (17) towards the surrounding walls (26) to reduce the friction of the through-flowing air (11) against them, and that the surface layers (9), on the side of recesses (8), consist at least to some extent of projections (27), which extend in the direction (17), wherein the ventilation ducts (10) extent at least to a certain extent along the rounded comers (25) which at least to a certain extent form the grid pattern (18), at the same time that the ventilation ducts (10) are otherwise mainly straight, which projections (27) constitute a spacer with a predetermined length, which constitutes a depth (29) in the direction (17) in the ventilation duct (10), and wherein the surface layer (9) on the side of the ventilation ducts (10) outside the ventilation ducts (10) bear mainly against the second fibreboard (16) with a contact surface (35).
8. A wall according to claim 3, characterized in that the supply air connection (20) and the exhaust air connection (22) have adjustable openings (30), which are adjustable with the influence of applied force to be open to different degrees or fully closed in order to supply the required amount of supply air (21) and remove the exhaust air (23) at required times and intervals to obtain a desired quantity of moisture in the through- flowing air (11) in terms of the maximum heat insulating capacity in the cellular plastic board unit (5) without damage occurring in the heat insulating wall (1).
9. A wall according to claim 7, characterized in that a total contact surface area (36) from the projections (27) per surface layer (9) of each cellular plastic board unit (5) is less than 50% of the extension area (31), wherein its width is between 5 and 20 cm, in that the size of the contact area (36) is approximately 5-20 cm x 5-20 cm, which cellular plastic board unit (5) is produced in one piece in a tool, and in that the ventilation ducts (10), transversely to its longitudinal direction in a cut-away, has an O formation or square formation, for example, where the width of the recess (8) is greater closest to the surface layer (9) than deeper down in it.
10. A wall according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that at selected points in the heat insulating wall (1), both outdoors and indoors and at certain points on the adjustable openings (30), the ventilation ducts (10) and the fan (24), sensors are arranged which, at predetermined times, measure values such as temperature, relative humidity, the flow rate of the through-flowing air (11) at selected points in the ventilation ducts (10), which are then intended to be transmitted to a computer/ processor via at least one communication channel from the sensors to be continuously compared with progressive values, required at any time, which have been programmed into the computer/processor, wherein a discrepancy between measured and programmed values is recorded and corrected by the compute/processor by its transmission of information for instructing the fan (24) or the adjustable openings (30) to be set to a desired position to ensure that the measured values are changed so that they are as close as possible to the programmed, required values.
PCT/SE2008/000458 2007-07-20 2008-07-20 A heat insulating wall WO2009014479A1 (en)

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SE0701755A SE0701755L (en) 2007-07-20 2007-07-20 Device at a heat insulating wall
SE0701755-1 2007-07-20

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RU2717595C2 (en) * 2016-01-18 2020-03-24 Кингспан Ой Structure for renovating an outer shell of a building

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US5561958A (en) * 1993-03-30 1996-10-08 Neurones Of Zone Industrielle Dynamic-insulation wall element for renewing air in buildings in order to make them more comfortable and cheaper
US6449915B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2002-09-17 Time & Space Tech. Co., Ltd. Inner wall finishing humidity control panel of cultural property storehouse
US20030084627A1 (en) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-08 Bonin Pete J Utility distribution structure
US20060179748A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Fabricated Foam, Llc Vented insulation for nail based applications

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5561958A (en) * 1993-03-30 1996-10-08 Neurones Of Zone Industrielle Dynamic-insulation wall element for renewing air in buildings in order to make them more comfortable and cheaper
US6449915B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2002-09-17 Time & Space Tech. Co., Ltd. Inner wall finishing humidity control panel of cultural property storehouse
US20030084627A1 (en) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-08 Bonin Pete J Utility distribution structure
US20060179748A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Fabricated Foam, Llc Vented insulation for nail based applications

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2717595C2 (en) * 2016-01-18 2020-03-24 Кингспан Ой Structure for renovating an outer shell of a building

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