WO2009008768A2

WO2009008768A2 - Method for heating liquid heat carrier and a device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: WO2009008768A2
Application number: PCT/RU2008/000379
Authority: WO
Inventors: Leonid Jurievich Vorobiev; Juriy Fedorovich Vorobiev
Original assignee: Leonid Jurievich Vorobiev; Juriy Fedorovich Vorobiev
Priority date: 2007-07-09
Filing date: 2008-06-18
Publication date: 2009-01-15
Also published as: AU2008273062A1; US20110059411A1; EA016933B1; RU2007125918A; EA201000135A1; WO2009008768A3; RU2353861C1; EP2211121A4; EP2211121A2; CN101842642A

Abstract

The inventive liquid heat carrier heating method consists in supplying the liquid heat carrier to a heating area by turning it about the cylindrical surface of a heater (4) in such a way as to form an axisymmetric swirl flow, the trajectory of each heat carrier particle being tangent to the surface of the heater (4), the temperature of which is higher than the critical temperature of the heat carrier. The heating device comprises a heat exchanger having a cylindrical body (1), tangentially positioned pipes (2) for supplying the cold heat carrier and pipes (3) for discharging the hot heat carrier. The heater (4) having a cylindrical surface is coaxially arranged in the cylindrical body (1). The heating device comprises an expansion tank (5), binding pipes and heat exchangers (6). The temperature of the heater (4) is controlled by means of thermocouples (8). An electric heat source (a resistance helix 9) is located in the heater (4). The inventive heating device has a high efficiency of heat transfer form the heater to heat carrier owing to the double phase transition: water-vapour-water.

Description

A method of heating a liquid coolant and a device for its implementation

Technical field

The invention relates to a power system and can be used to generate hot steam for industrial and individual needs, including for the formation of heating systems.

State of the art

A known method of evaporating a liquid in a channel by heating it above the saturation temperature of the generated steam (US Patent N 3326640 C. B 01 J 1/00, publ. 1967).

The disadvantages of this method are the lack of reliability and increased material consumption, caused by the need to increase the pressure of the liquid. A method of evaporating a liquid by heating it in a channel above the saturation temperature of the generated vapor, decreasing the pressure in it and maintaining the temperature of the channel walls below the temperature of the maximum overheating of the vaporized liquid, characterized in that they increase the heat transfer of the channel by applying a current-collecting electric potential to its walls (Patent RU 2128804 , CL F 22 V 1/00, publ. 04/10/1999).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of efficiency of the evaporation process and the complexity of industrial applications.

A known method of generating steam (Patent RU 2293913, class F 22 1/30, publ. 02.20.2007), in which the boiler is filled with water to the required level and produce an electrical effect on the water through electrodes placed in water. The electrical effect on water is carried out by high voltage pulses, and the water jets formed during electrical exposure converted into a dispersed structure by passing water jets through a divider, which is a system that prevents the free passage of water jets.

The method also has insufficiently high heat transfer efficiency from the heater to the heat transfer medium.

A known method of generating steam, described in SU 419687, CL. F 22 V 3/04, publ. 03/15/1974. A working medium heated to a temperature below its saturation temperature at a given pressure is fed through a tangential channel into the inlet chamber, where the medium is twisted. At the initial moment, the medium velocity increases, and the pressure decreases. When the medium moves to the septum, the swirl radius decreases, the medium pressure becomes equal to the saturation pressure at a given temperature. Steam bubbles, under the action of Archimedean forces, are collected in the center and diverted to the consumer.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the coolant.

Known contact water heater SU 663982, class. F 22 H 1/10, publ. 05/25/1979), comprising a housing with a central firebox enclosed in a water jacket and an annular contact chamber located at the periphery.

The disadvantage of a water heater is the uneven distribution of the gases leaving the contact chamber and the low efficiency of the installation.

Known contact surface water heater SU 787812, class. F 24 H 1/10 publ. 12/15/1980), which contains a housing, a burner connected to the furnace, surrounded by a water jacket, around the water jacket there is an annular contact chamber communicated with the lower part of the furnace and the upper one with a pipe for exhaust gases through an annular droplet eliminator, above which an annular partition with dampers.

This device also has an inefficient transfer from the heater to the coolant.

A known method of heating a liquid coolant and a device for its implementation (Patent RU 2178125, CL F 24 H 1/10, publ. 10.01.2002).

A method of heating a liquid coolant is to supply a liquid coolant to a heating zone in a housing of a heating installation from a source heat, heating the coolant and removing the heated coolant from the heating zone, while the liquid coolant is fed from above into the heating zone to the rotating shell to form a thin-film fluid layer of the coolant, the heated coolant is removed from the bottom of the rotating shell, and forced flow around the shell of the heating plant with hot products from a heat source from the side of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell with the suction of combustion products from the housing of the heating installation.

In the described method and device for its implementation during rotation of the shell on the walls of the latter, a compacted flow of liquid coolant is created and direct heating by thermal radiation and hot products of fuel combustion from the heat source is carried out, and the value of the internal pressure in the coolant under the action of centrifugal force depending on the speed of rotation of the shell chosen in such a way as to ensure heating and removal of the coolant with a temperature exceeding its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.

The disadvantage of this method and device is the insufficiently high efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the coolant.

Thus, there is a need to develop new methods for heating liquid heat carriers and devices for their implementation with high efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the heat carrier.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of increasing the efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the coolant, increasing the reliability of the device for implementing the proposed method, simplifying its design while increasing productivity. Other solved problems and advantages of the present invention will be revealed below with a brief description of the figures of the drawings, in the best embodiments of the invention. A method for heating a liquid coolant includes supplying a liquid coolant to a heating zone in a housing of a heating installation from a heat source, heating a coolant and removing a heated coolant from a heating zone. In order to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the heater to the coolant, the liquid coolant is supplied to the heating zone by twisting it around the cylindrical surface of the heater with the formation of an axisymmetric swirling flow, the path of each coolant particle being tangent to the surface of the heater, the heater has a temperature exceeding the critical temperature of the coolant. The heating medium in accordance with the claimed invention occurs due to a double phase transition: a double phase transition is the first transition from liquid to steam and the second transition from steam back to liquid, that is, evaporation and condensation in one free run of a heated liquid molecule (particle). Preferably, for twisting the coolant, it is supplied from the bottom of the heating unit by at least two nozzles tangentially located and forming a “pair of forces."

Preferably, electric heat and natural gas combustion are used as a heat source. Preferably, for organizing an upward flow path, the expression is observed: (m _t T _t ) / sec <(m _n T _n ) / sec, where m _t is the mass of the coolant;

T _t - heat carrier temperature; m _n is the mass of the heater;

T _n is the temperature of the heater.

In the part of the device, as an object of the invention, the problem is solved due to the fact that the heating installation includes a heater with a heat source, a heat exchanger with pipes for supplying cold coolant and the outlet of hot coolant. A heater with a cylindrical surface is installed coaxially in a heat exchanger having a cylindrical body; at least two nozzles tangentially located to form an axisymmetric swirling flow, and at the top of the cylindrical casing a hot coolant outlet is arranged.

The heating installation preferably comprises an expansion tank, piping piping and a heat sink.

Preferably, at least two nozzles are installed at the top of the cylindrical body for the exit of the hot fluid.

In the proposed method, the surface of the heater has a temperature above the critical temperature of the coolant. The surface of a heater having a temperature exceeding the critical temperature of the coolant (water) is instantly surrounded by a layer of steam (steam jacket) and heat transfer is significantly slowed down. In the case of using water as a heat carrier, the critical water temperature is T = 374.15 ° C. Bearing in mind the high mean free path of steam molecules up to 500 m / s and the extremely short mean free path, in this solution, it is proposed to organize the coolant flow so that the molecules of liquid water, touching the cylindrical surface of the heater, turned into steam, and instantly changing the trajectory of movement, they were introduced into the organized flow of a liquid coolant (water), giving off condensation energy to the coolant (dv normal phase transition), and subsequent molecules of the liquid coolant (water) and the resulting (water) vapor have the ability to follow an organized flow path.

The heating installation has an increased efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the coolant due to the double phase transition: water-steam-water (specific heat of water: 4.19 J / g * K at 20 ⁰ C, specific heat of vaporization of 2255 J / g).

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a heating installation; FIG. 2 - section along AA. The heating installation consists of a heat exchanger with a cylindrical body 1, tangentially located nozzles for supplying a coolant 2, and nozzles for leaving a coolant 3. In a cylindrical body 1, a heater 4 with a cylindrical surface is coaxially mounted. The heating installation contains an expansion tank 5, piping pipes and heat receivers 6. The device can be equipped with an electric power panel and an automatic control system 7. The temperature of the heater 4 is controlled by thermocouples 8 installed in the heater 4. Inside the heater 4 there is a heat source from electric heating ( resistance spiral 9).

When the system is filled with coolant, heater 4 is heated above the critical temperature. The heated fluid, due to its physical properties, rises into the expansion tank 5, and the cold coolant is supplied to the heating zone due to the continuity of the flow by the formation of an axisymmetric swirling flow, and the path of each particle (molecule) of the coolant is tangent to the surface of the heater 4, the heater 4 has a temperature exceeding the critical temperature of the coolant. The axisymmetric swirl flow occurs due to the fact that the cold coolant is supplied through at least two tangential nozzles, due to which the coolant swirls in the device body. Depending on the power of the installation of the tangential cold water supply pipes, a larger one or a guide vane can be made. As a guiding apparatus, any known apparatus for swirling a heat carrier can be used. The coolant heats up sharply, touching the surface of the heater, evaporates and, having entered the swirling flow of coolant, condenses in it, giving it the energy of vapor condensation. In this case, the coolant heats up, rises up. The exit of the hot fluid occurs through the outlet pipes 3, so as not to disturb the coaxially organized, swirling flow of the coolant relative to the heater 4. The heat source for the heater 4 can be used any of the known and used for these purposes. The heating installation works as follows:

The coolant (water) is poured into the heat exchanger 1 through an expansion tank 5 or a special supply line (not shown in Fig. 1).

Raise the temperature of the heater 4 by any known method (using electric heating or using heat from fuel combustion).

The density of the heated coolant decreases. The coolant in the form of a cylinder H around the heater 4 comes into rotational motion on the condition of continuity of the flow, freeing up space for cold water to flow through the tangential nozzles of the supply 2. The heated coolant flows through the nozzles of the outlet 3 to the receiver 6. In the receivers 6, the coolant flow is cooled and returns to the input coolant supply pipes 2 of the device.

The best embodiment of the invention

A better embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. To tighten the coolant, it is brought down from the bottom of the heating unit through two pipes 2, which are tangentially located and form a “pair of forces." As a source of heat, electric heating is used. The device contains an automatic control system 7.

To exit the hot coolant at the top of the cylindrical body, two pipes 3 are installed.

To organize an upward flow path, the expression is observed: (m _t T _t ) / sec <(m _n T _n ) / sec, where m _t is the mass of the coolant;

T _t - heat carrier temperature; m _n is the mass of the heater; T _n is the temperature of the heater.

When using the proposed heating installation for heating rooms, pumping means (pump) are not required, since the heater 4 can raise the water temperature to a critical temperature (T = 374.15 ^° C) and further to the temperature of the heater itself. The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of heat transfer from the heater to the coolant, increasing the reliability of the device, simplifying its design.

Industrial applicability

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used mainly in heating systems for various liquids, in particular, in a water heating system.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method of heating a liquid coolant, comprising supplying a liquid coolant to a heating zone in a housing of a heating installation from a heat source, heating a coolant and removing a heated coolant from a heating zone, characterized in that in order to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the heater to a coolant, supplying a coolant to a heating zone carried out by twisting it around the cylindrical surface of the heater with the formation of an axisymmetric swirling flow, and the trajectory of each particle t plonositelya is tangent to the surface of the heater, the heater has a temperature that exceeds the critical temperature of the coolant.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for swirling the coolant it is brought down from the bottom of the heating system by at least two nozzles tangentially located and forming a "pair of forces".

3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the source of heat using electric heating, the combustion of natural gas.

4. The method according to any one of p. 1, 2, 3, characterized in that for the organization of the ascending flow path observe the expression: (m _t T ₁ -) / sec <(m _n T _n ) / sec, where m _t - mass of the heat carrier;

T ₁ - coolant temperature; m _p is the mass of the heater;

T _n is the temperature of the heater.

5. A heating installation, including a heater with a heat source, a heat exchanger with nozzles for supplying a cold coolant and an outlet for a hot coolant, characterized in that the heater with a cylindrical surface is installed coaxially in a heat exchanger having a cylindrical body, for supplying a coolant from below the cylindrical body at least two nozzles tangentially spaced for the formation of an axisymmetric swirling flow or a guiding apparatus with elements for swirling the flow of water, and at the top of the cylindrical body, the outlet of the hot coolant is organized.

6. The heating installation according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises an expansion tank, piping piping and a heat receiver.

7. The heating installation according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that at least two nozzles are installed at the top of the cylindrical body for the exit of the hot heat carrier.