WO2009005448A1

WO2009005448A1 - Multistorey building with balconies

Info

Publication number: WO2009005448A1
Application number: PCT/SE2008/050743
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sten Nilsson
Original assignee: Peab Pgs Ab
Priority date: 2007-06-29
Filing date: 2008-06-23
Publication date: 2009-01-08
Also published as: SE0701580L

Abstract

The invention relates to a multistorey building comprising a frame edge portion (17) for supporting a floor structure element (13) tailored to the building frame (18) of the building (1). The frame edge portion (17) comprises pillars (8) supporting the floor structure element (13), outside of which pillars (8) external wall elements (27) standing one upon the other are disposed.

Description

Multistorey building with balconies

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a multistorey building according to the preamble to patent claim 1. The inventive concept also embraces an external wall element as claimed in claim 6, which external wall element can be designed to support a balcony slab. The invention also relates to a method of constructing the said multistorey building comprising at least one balcony slab according to the invention.

The present invention relates especially to the construction industry.

BACKGROUND ART

It is currently known to use various techniques to construct multistorey buildings utilizing prefabricated construction elements. Normally, external walls are mounted upright on the floor structure. On top of a mounted external wall is applied the floor structure of the next storey, whereafter the next external wall is placed on the floor structure of this second storey. External wall elements can have pillars arranged within them to support vertical loads from external wall elements standing on top. In patent specification SE 527 783, for example, a multistorey building having external wall elements standing one upon the other is shown, which external wall elements also serve as supports for floor structures. Also, in WO 2006/022586, a multistorey building is shown in which the external wall elements are mounted upright on the floor structure of each storey. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

One object of the present invention is to produce a multistorey building in which cold bridges between an external wall with balcony slab and a floor structure are avoided, at the same time as the floor structure in the building is unaffected by the positioning of the external wall element.

The object of the present invention is also to produce a multistorey building in which balcony slabs can be fitted after the external wall elements have been mounted, whereby plastering work, etc. can be carried out on the facade prior to the fitting of the balcony slabs.

A further object of the invention is to reduce the labor at the construction site itself, as well as to reduce the work involved in reinforcing, for example, balcony slabs and concrete floor structures.

The above-stated problems have been solved with the aid of the multistorey building described in the introduction, by virtue of the distinctive features defined in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Other aims and advantages of the invention can be read from the accompanying independent claims.

In this way, floor structure elements in the region of an external wall can be maintained unaffected and freely arranged relative to the external wall of the building, even when balcony slabs, fire escapes, radiator trunks, etc. are fitted.

Preferably, a supporting element arranged in the external wall element can be fixedly coupled by its upper end to the floor structure element. In this way, the external walls can be fitted to the building frame in a quick and simple manner.

Alternatively, the supporting element is also furnished with a coupling device for fastening an element situated outside the external wall element.

The element situated outside the facade, such as a balcony slab, can thus be held against the floor structure element of the building frame by the outside- situated element being fixed to the supporting element, which in turn is fixed to the floor structure element.

Expediently, the outside-situated element is constituted by a balcony.

Balconies can thus be fitted after the facade has been plastered and/or painted. The balconies have suitable fixtures, disposed on the building-facing edge of the balcony slab, which are coupled to the supporting elements of the external wall element. The supporting elements, such as pillars accommodated in the external wall element, support the vertical load, and the supporting elements are coupled in turn to the floor structure elements of the building. Since external wall elements can be fitted outside and/or separate from floor structure elements, cold transfers from balcony slab to floor structure element are avoided.

Preferably, the frame edge portion is constituted by both pillars and load- bearing internal walls supporting floor structure elements lying on top of them. Thus, internal walls can also be used as support for floor structures within the scope of the same construction system, that is to say a building frame can be realized, in which external wall elements can be fitted outside the floor structure elements.

Alternatively, the external wall element comprises a first plane and a supporting element arranged parallel with this plane and comprising a first and a second end, wherein the first end, such as an upper end, is furnished with fastening members, fixed to a floor structure element tailored to the building frame, preventing a tilting moment about the other end, such as a lower end, once the external wall element has been fitted to a building frame.

In this way, a simple handling can be realized for fitting of external wall elements.

Expediently, the supporting element is disposed adjacent to the first plane.

Facade treatment and fitting of a concrete slab is thus simplified, since the first plane constitutes that side of the external wall element which is facing away from the building.

Preferably, the supporting element is also designed for fastening of an element situated outside the external wall element and comprising a coupling device coupling the upper end of the supporting element to the floor structure element. In this way, since external wall elements have been fitted outside and/or separate from floor structure elements, cold transfer from balcony slab to floor structure element can be eliminated.

Alternatively, the outside-situated element is constituted by a balcony.

With simple handling, the building can thus be provided with balconies.

Expediently, the fastening device is designed to fasten the balcony slab to the external wall element.

By means of the fastening device arranged on the building-facing edge of the balcony slab, the balcony slab can be easily fitted to the facade by coupling to the supporting elements of the external wall element, which in turn are coupled to the floor structure element (preferably the edge beam of the floor structure element).

The above-stated problems have likewise been solved with the aid of the method, described in the introduction, of constructing a multistorey building by virtue of the steps defined in the characterizing part of patent claim 11.

Other advantages of the invention are that the construction of balcony stays which are integrated in the external wall elements and are coupled to one another, wherein the external wall elements stand one upon the other, allows balconies to be coupled up to these balcony stays, at the same time as the balcony stays are secured to the floor structure elements in the building. This means that only horizontal loads act upon the floor structure and no forces act upon the floor structure in the vertical direction with respect to loads generated by the balconies. The bottommost pillar transmits vertical load and horizontal load to a floor slab on the ground floor. The amount of reinforcement in the floor structure elements is therefore able to be reduced, which produces less bulky and largely easy to handle floor structure elements. The balcony stays are expediently fully integrated in the external wall elements and are factory- produced and transported ready made to the construction site. This is cost- effective. The construction of external wall elements with integrated balcony stays, which are also used as construction of a stay by means of balcony stays standing one upon the other and forming a common external wall belonging to all storeys. The balcony stays expediently have a guide dowel and corresponding recess for quick and effective assembly. An above-standing external wall element is mounted on a below-standing external wall element in such a way that the recess in the balcony stays of the above-standing external wall element is fitted into the guide apparatus of the below-standing external wall element and at the same time is fixed to the edge beam of the floor structure element, so that this above-standing external wall element does not tilt out. The lower edge of the above-standing external wall element "does not deflect", since the upper edge of the below-standing external wall element (against which the lower edge of the above-standing external wall element has been fitted) is fastened to the floor structure element of the building frame. At the same time, this fastening can serve as anchorage for the balcony slabs which are fitted to the external wall elements after the facade has been plastered. The assembly of balconies can thus be done quickly and after the treatment of the facade, which is cost-effective. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, in schematic representation:

fig. Ia-Ih show an example of the construction of a multistorey building according to one embodiment; fig. 2 shows the fitting of an external wall element to the frame edge portion constituted by internal wall elements supporting floor structure elements; fig. 3 shows the fitting of an external wall element and balcony slab to a building frame; fig. 4a and 4b show the fastening of outside- situated elements to the multistorey building; fig. 5 shows a top view of a portion of the pillars and outside- situated external wall elements of the frame edge portion of the multistorey building; fig. 6a-6b show how a cold bridge is avoided from the balcony slab into the building; fig. 7 shows the basic functionality of the stay in the external wall element supporting the balcony slab; and fig. 8 shows the prior art, in which energy losses occur.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described by way of illustrative embodiments. For the sake of clarity, components of no importance to the invention have been omitted from the drawing. The same details shown in a number of figures may in certain cases have no reference symbol, yet can correspond to those which do have a reference symbol. Fig. Ia-Ih show an example of the construction of a multistorey building 1 according to one embodiment. Fig. Ia illustrates how a foundation plate 3 has been constructed with recesses 5 containing fastening plates for coupling members 7 for pillars 8 in the gables 9 of the building 1. Likewise, recesses 5 have been made in the foundation plate 3 for structural internal wall elements 11 (see fig. Id). The pillars 8 and the internal wall elements 11 are intended to support above-situated floor structure elements 13 (see fig. If) enclosed by an edge beam 15 (see fig. Ie). The edge beam 15 is made of cold-bent plate of 12 mm thickness. A frame edge portion 17 (see fig. Ig) is defined by the peripheral region of a building frame 18 in the building, which peripheral region supports the edge beam 15 enclosing the floor structure elements 13, 13', that is to say the frame edge portion 17 supports the floor structure elements 13, 13' of the building 1 and comprises the pillars 8 supporting floor structure elements 13.

Fig. Ib illustrates how a guide dowel 19 has been applied to the fastening plates, and in fig. Ic the pillars 8 have also been fitted along the gable ends of the foundation plate 3. The structural internal wall elements 11 are shown in fig. Id mounted upright with their lower edges furnished with recesses for fitting into the guide dowels 19. The guide dowels 19 have one and the same dimension, both for the internal wall elements 11 and for the pillars 8. After this, the edge beam 15 for the floor structure elements 13 is laid out and fastened to the frame edge portion 17, as is shown in fig. Ie.

Once the edge beam 15 is fixed around the whole of the frame edge portion 17, the floor structure elements 13 are fitted. Each floor structure element 13 within the region of the frame edge portion 17 rests against the edge beam 15, which in turn rests against the pillars 8 as well as against nearest-situated structural internal wall elements 11. The more centrally situated floor structure elements 13' rest only against the structural internal wall elements 11.

On the long side L of the building 1, the edge beam 15 bears against end portions 21 of the outer structural internal wall elements 11, and the floor structure elements 13 here rest firstly against the edge beam 15 and secondly against the structural internal wall elements 11. Guide dowels 19 of the upper end 23 of the pillars 8 and of the upper edge 25 of the structural internal wall elements 11 are of such a length that they exceed the thickness of the floor structure elements 13, so that the next set of pillars 8 and structural internal wall elements 11 can be guided into place by means of the said guide dowels 19.

The procedure for the construction of the multistorey building 1 continues until the desired number of storeys has been realized. In fig. Ig, a building frame 18 having three storeys (ground floor, first floor, second floor) is shown.

In fig. Ih, external wall elements 27 are fitted. It is clear that the frame edge section 17 comprises pillars 8 as well as load-bearing internal walls 11 supporting floor structure elements 13, outside of which pillars 8 the external wall elements 27 standing one upon the other are arranged. The external wall elements 27 have been furnished with supporting elements 29, in the form of vertically upright stays 31, extending from the lower edge 33 of the external wall element 27 to its upper edge 35. Each stay 31 is furnished with a fastening 37 for absorbing horizontal load F (see fig. 7) at the upper end 39 of the stay 31. The fastening 37 is designed so as to be couplable for fastening to the floor structure element 13. See also fig. 6 for a closer description of illustrative details and basic working. External wall elements 27 are therefore fitted outside the building frame 18, unlike in a traditional infill wall. This leads, inter alia, to more effective assembly and results in radiator paths (not shown) being able to be pre-fϊtted in the external wall elements 27, thereby obviating the need to drill through the floor structure elements 13. Expediently, floor structure edges and wall ends are insulated. By means of the embodiment, a construction is realized in which very little cold bridge occurs. See also the description in connection with fig. 6a and 6b. The external wall element 27 is also provided with channels 41 (see fig. 2) for horizontal electricity distribution. Vertical conduits are pre-fϊtted.

Once all external wall elements 27 have been fitted, these form a facade which is treated in a suitable manner, for example plastering, or provided with surface coatings, etc.

In fig. 2, a basic sketch in perspective is shown of how an external wall element 27 is fitted to the end portion 43 of the floor structure element 13. The fastening 37 for horizontal load F is a steel plate 45, which at its one end is fixed to the respective stay 31. When external wall elements 27 are fitted to the building frame 18, the other end of the steel plate 45 is inserted into channels 47 arranged in the edge beam 15 and is subsequently permanently coupled together with the floor structure elements 13 by means of bolting. In fig. 2, a space U between flange 49 and edge (end portion 43) of a floor structure element 13 is illustrated in basic construction, which space U is filled with concrete. In fig. 2, a guide dowel 19 is also shown, as has been reported above. The external wall elements 27 are fitted by being placed one upon the other and clamped to the edge beam 15. According to this embodiment, the external wall element 27 consists of a double-crosslaid steel framework. It is made up of two layers, the balcony pillars (the stays 31) being integrated in the outer layer. The balcony pillars or the stays 31 are fixed to the edge beam 15 with a screw fastening and are situated in the outer layer. The external wall elements are filled with insulation and are clad with panels on the outside and inside and comprise, apart from the steel stays 31 (the balcony pillars): vertical conduits, windows, French windows, supply air appliances, radiators, etc.

Fig. 3 shows in principle the fitting of external wall elements 27 and a balcony slab 51 to the building 1. As is also shown in fig. 2, the supporting elements 29, or stays 31, of the external wall elements 27 are connected to the floor structure element 13 by means of fastenings 37. Following plastering work on the facade, one or more balcony slabs 51 can be fitted according to requirement. Balconies 53 can thus be fitted after the facade has been plastered and/or painted. The fastenings 37 of the balcony slabs 51, which fastenings are arranged on that edge of the balcony slab 51 which faces the building 1 , are coupled to the supporting elements 29 (such as stays 31 or balcony pillars) of the external wall element 27, which in turn are connected to the floor structure element 13 in order to absorb horizontal forces F (see fig. 7). The connection is realized together with insulation between floor structure-connection-stay, so that cold bridges do not occur. The supporting elements 29 accommodated in the external wall element 27 support the vertical load and absorb a moment created by the weight of the balcony slab 51. Since external wall elements 27 can be fitted outside and/or separate from the floor structure elements 13, the cold transfer from balcony slab 51 to floor structure element 13 is avoided, thereby saving energy for heating of the building 1. See also fig. 6 for closer description of details and basic working. The balconies 53 can thus be fitted in a rational manner detached from the time-critical part of the frame erection stage. Plastering work can take place prior to fitting of the balconies 53, which is cost-favorable.

Fig. 4a and 4b show the fastening of an outside-situated element (such as a balcony slab 51) to the multistorey building 1. Embedded in the balcony slab 51 is a steel bracket 55. The bracket 55 is closed off with a hanger 57, which is slipped onto a fastening member 59 welded onto the stay 31. This fastening member 59 lies snug with the surface coating of the facade. The balcony slab 51 has a fixed rear edge plate on the side facing the facade. This plate firstly acts as a form panel during the casting of the balcony slab 51, and secondly achieves exact positioning of the concreting material and connection to the facade. This exact positioning of the concreting material is critical to the assembly methodology.

The floor structure element 13 with edge beam 15 is fixed to the pillar 8 by means of bolting. The space U is filled with concrete (not shown). The edge beam 15 runs between the shown pillar 8 and, behind this, a concealed pillar. Outside the pillars 8 and the floor structure elements 13, or outside the edge beam 15 on the long sides L of the building 1 (where no pillars are present and where the structural internal wall elements 11 constitute support for the edge beam 15), the external wall elements 27 run without interruption past the floor structure elements 13, thereby producing minimal energy losses for heating of the building 1. The external wall element 27 comprises the said supporting elements 29, such as balcony posts, which are arranged adjacent to the first plane p' or that side of the external wall element 27 which is facing away from the building 1 in the fitted state. Facade treatment and the fitting of balcony slabs 51 is thus simplified, since the first plane p' constitutes the side of the external wall element 27 facing away from the building 1. The balcony slab 51 can be hitched, either finished or half- finished, to the facade of the building 1 after the facade has been plastered.

Fig. 5 shows a top view of a portion of the frame edge portion 17 of the multistorey building (the building 1) with pillars 8, structural internal wall elements 11 and outside-situated external wall elements 27. In fig. 5 it is shown that the supporting element 29 can be used for purposes other than a balcony, such as, for example, a fire escape 61. A corner balcony 53' has been fitted to a corner of the building 1. Three stays 31 are here used for two different balcony slabs 51. A corner slab 63 has been fitted between the two balcony slabs 51. A stay (not shown) runs from ground level to the above- situated corner slab 63, and, after this, a further stay to the next corner slab 63, and so on.

Fig. 6a-6b show how a cold bridge is avoided from the balcony slab 51 into the building 1. Arrows P illustrate a cold transport path from the balcony slab 51 in towards the building 1. The cold is deflected into the external wall elements 27, instead of being transported into the floor structure element 13. In fig. 6a, structural internal wall elements 11 serve as support for the floor structure elements 13. External wall elements 27 standing one upon the other are fitted outside the floor structure elements 13. In fig. 6b, pillars 8 serve to support the floor structure elements 13, outside of which pillars 8 there are disposed external wall elements 27 standing one upon the other.

Fig. 7 shows the functionality of the stay 31 in the external wall element 27 supporting the balcony 53. The sagging moment M is heavily enlarged for comprehension purposes. The concrete slab 51 is deformed somewhat under load, whereby the moment M is created, which moment M is absorbed by the stay 31 in the external wall element 27. The stay 31 is deformed (not visible to the eye) by the counterstay H, which is realized by the fitting of the dowel into the lower edge 33 of the external wall element 27. A vertical load V is transformed by the stay 31 (or the stays 31 standing one upon the other) down to the foundation plate 3.

The fastening 37 is fixed to the stay 31 of the external wall element 27 and fixed to the floor structure element 13, whereby a horizontal counterstay force F is realized on the upper part 35 of the external wall element 27, so that the external wall element 27, together with the balcony slab 51, does not "tilt" outwards from the building 1.

Fig. 8 shows the prior art in which energy losses occur. A balcony slab according to the prior art is directly connected to the floor structure. Here a cold bridge straight into the apartment occurs.

The present invention should not be deemed to be limited to the above- described illustrative embodiments, but rather modifications and combinations thereof can occur within the scope of the present invention. For example, outside-situated elements other than balconies can be fitted to integrated stays of the external wall elements. The stays can be coupled to the floor structure elements directly or indirectly, such as via gable pillars coupled to the edge beam of the floor structure element.

Claims

1. A multistorey building comprising a frame edge portion (17) for supporting a floor structure element (13) tailored to the building frame (18) of the building (1), characterized in that the frame edge portion (17) comprises pillars (8) supporting the floor structure element (13), outside of which pillars (8) external wall elements (27) standing one upon the other are disposed.

2. The multistorey building as claimed in claim 1, wherein a supporting element (29) arranged in the external wall element (27) can be fixedly coupled by its upper end (23) to the floor structure element (13).

3. The multistorey building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the supporting element (29) is also furnished with a coupling device (37, 59) for fastening an element (51, 61) situated outside the external wall element (27).

4. The multistorey building as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outside- situated element is constituted by a balcony (53).

5. The multistorey building as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame edge portion (17) is constituted by both pillars (8) and load- bearing internal walls (11) supporting floor structure elements (13) lying on top of them.

6. An external wall element comprises a first plane (p') and a supporting element (29) arranged parallel with this plane (p') and comprising a first (39) and a second end, characterized in that the first end, such as an upper end (39), is furnished with fastening members (37), fixed to a floor structure element (13) tailored to the building frame (18), preventing a tilting moment about the other end, such as a lower end (40), once the external wall element (27) has been fitted to the building frame (18).

7. The external wall element as claimed in claim 6, wherein the supporting element (29) is disposed adjacent to the first plane (p').

8. The external wall element as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the supporting element (29) is also designed for fastening of an element (51, 61) situated outside the external wall element (27) and comprising a coupling device (37) coupling the upper end (39) of the supporting element (29) to the floor structure element (13).

9. The external wall element as claimed in claim 8, wherein the outside- situated element is constituted by a balcony (53).

10. A balcony slab furnished with a fastening device, characterized in that the fastening device (57) is designed to fasten the balcony slab (51) to an external wall element (27) as claimed in any of claims 6-9.

11. A method of constructing a multistorey building (1) comprising a frame edge portion (17) for supporting a floor structure element (13) tailored to the building frame (18) of the building (1), and the frame edge portion (17) comprises pillars (8) supporting the floor structure element (13), outside of which pillars (8) external wall elements (27) standing one upon the other are disposed, the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps: - execution of the foundation work for the building (1); - fitting of the pillars (8) and load-bearing internal walls (11), as well as of an edge beam (15),

- mounting of floor structure elements (13) on the edge beam (15) supported by the pillars (8) and on the load-bearing internal walls (11);

- fitting of external wall elements (27) as claimed in claim 6;

- facade treatment; and

- fitting of balconies (53).