WO2009004134A2 - Fuel based on a plant oil - Google Patents

Fuel based on a plant oil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009004134A2
WO2009004134A2 PCT/FR2008/000679 FR2008000679W WO2009004134A2 WO 2009004134 A2 WO2009004134 A2 WO 2009004134A2 FR 2008000679 W FR2008000679 W FR 2008000679W WO 2009004134 A2 WO2009004134 A2 WO 2009004134A2
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Prior art keywords
vegetable oil
fuel
oil
purified
molecules
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PCT/FR2008/000679
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French (fr)
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WO2009004134A3 (en
Inventor
Jacques Barbier
Lê Chiên Hoang
Julien Magne
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Region Poitou Charentes
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Application filed by Region Poitou Charentes filed Critical Region Poitou Charentes
Priority to EP08805576A priority Critical patent/EP2158305A2/en
Priority to US12/600,339 priority patent/US20100146841A1/en
Publication of WO2009004134A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009004134A2/en
Publication of WO2009004134A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009004134A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel for oil-based boilers and burners based on vegetable oil.
  • the invention also relates to the use of this agrofuel in combustion plants without modifying the burners and boilers.
  • numerous studies have been conducted to replace fossil energy sources with renewable energies.
  • research has turned to the use of agricultural surpluses to create new fuels.
  • vegetable oils as a substitute for fuel seems to be an ideal environmental solution
  • many attempts to burn vegetable oil directly or to incorporate a certain amount into conventional fuel oil have highlighted important problems: fuel stability, compatibility with the burners of conventional boilers, fouling of burners due to poor combustion, or viscosity, which currently exclude the placing on the market of such fuels.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages and difficulties of the prior art by providing a renewable carbon-based fuel, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, and meeting the standards of use of domestic fuel oils, c that is, not requiring modifications to existing combustion plants.
  • the subject of the invention is a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil purified by a process comprising at least one step ⁇ dsorption of peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules on a suitable adsorbent, such as for example a solid aluminosilicate, activated carbon, silica, a zeolite, etc.
  • a suitable adsorbent such as for example a solid aluminosilicate, activated carbon, silica, a zeolite, etc.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a fuel in a boiler operating with domestic fuel, without modification of this boiler.
  • Vegetable oils mainly consist of triglycerides of fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation depending on the nature of the oleaginous plant considered: saturated or stearic fatty acids, monounsaturated or oleic fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • stearic acid is remarkably chemically inert but crystallizes at low temperature; the oleic acid remains liquid at low temperature but with a high viscosity, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids remain fluid at low temperature but have a chemical instability, in particular, with respect to their oxidability in the presence of 'air.
  • a vegetable oil contains low-level compounds such as phospholipids, peroxides, water, free fatty acids and minor compounds such as sterols and tocopherols with antioxidant properties.
  • the present invention provides a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil purified by a process comprising at least one adsorption step peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules.
  • This oil has a maximum water content in the oil of less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.1%. Indeed, too much water in the oil would cause the formation of deposits during storage.
  • the peroxide compounds the concentration of which is defined by the "peroxide number" are responsible for the polymerization, during storage, of the unsaturated olefinic or polyunsaturated compounds derived from the vegetable oil and optionally from the fuel oil. domestic if the vegetable oil is combined with another fuel.
  • the fuel according to the invention comprises at least one vegetable oil whose peroxide number is less than 2 meq per kg of oil.
  • Phospholipids lead to phosphoric oxides whose acidity catalyzes the cationic polymerization of peroxide compounds, unsaturated compounds and polyunsaturated compounds at the burner. These acid oxides can additionally cause corrosion of the equipment, such as the burner, the boiler or the flue gas discharge pipe.
  • the present invention provides a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil with a phosphorus content of less than 5 mg per kg of oil.
  • the vegetable oil contained in the fuel also has an acid number of less than 0.5 mg KOH / g.
  • the fuel according to the present invention therefore comprises at least one purified vegetable oil, characterized in particular by the following properties:
  • a water content in the oil of less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.1%
  • the other components of the crude vegetable oil such as tocopherols and other antioxidants, are not removed.
  • the vegetable oil used is a rapeseed oil. Indeed, because of its average composition (1.5 to 2% stearic acid, 56 to 62% oleic acid, 17 to 23% linoleic acid and 9 to 12% linolenic acid), this oil has a very good compromise between cold flow and chemical stability.
  • the oil used is a purified vegetable oil, for example a purified rapeseed oil.
  • the vegetable oil is purified by adsorption of the most polar molecules of the oil, namely peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water, on a suitable adsorbent support, such as for example a solid aluminosilicates, activated charcoal, silica, zeolite, etc.
  • a suitable adsorbent support such as for example a solid aluminosilicates, activated charcoal, silica, zeolite, etc.
  • the adsorption is carried out on a solid aluminosilicate, for example of the clay type, and preferably of Tonsil type, previously dehydrated.
  • the method may also comprise in particular:
  • this process makes it possible to preserve in the oil sterols and tocopherols whose antioxidant properties ensure good fuel storage properties according to the invention.
  • the vegetable oil-based fuel also comprises at least one domestic fuel oil mixed with the vegetable oil.
  • An optimum formulation of the domestic fuel-vegetable oil mixture has a vegetable oil content of between 5% and 50% by weight.
  • the domestic fuel-vegetable oil mixture comprises about 20% by weight of vegetable oil.
  • the fuel according to the invention has physicochemical characteristics similar to the regulatory characteristics of domestic fuel oil.
  • the fuel according to the invention also has good thermal stability and good storage stability.
  • the agrofuel according to the invention can therefore be used in boilers, burners or industrial furnaces usually operating with heating oil, without modifying the initial installation. It can be used directly or with conventional additives normally used with pure heating oil.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a fuel based on a plant oil, comprising at least one plant oil purified by a process comprising at least one step of adsorbing peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules (onto a solid aluminosilicate). The invention also relates to the use of this agri-fuel in combustion installations without modifying the burners.

Description

COMBUSTIBLE A BASE D1HUILE VEGETALEFUEL BASED ON 1 VEGETABLE OIL
La présente invention se rapporte à un combustible pour chaudières et brûleurs fioul à base d'huile végétale.The present invention relates to a fuel for oil-based boilers and burners based on vegetable oil.
L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de cet agrocombustible dans des installations de combustion sans modification des brûleurs et des chaudières. Depuis plusieurs années, face à la menace du réchauffement climatique et à l'épuisement progressif des ressources naturelles, de nombreuses études ont été menées pour remplacer les sources d'énergie fossiles par des énergies renouvelables. En particulier la recherche s'est orientée vers l'utilisation des excédents agricoles pour créer de nouveaux combustibles. Toutefois, si l'utilisation d'huiles végétales en substitution du fioul paraît être une solution idéale sur le plan environnemental, de nombreuses tentatives pour brûler directement de l'huile végétale ou en incorporer une certaine quantité dans un fioul classique, ont mis en évidence d'importants problèmes : stabilité du combustible, compatibilité awec les brûleurs des chaudières usuelles, encrassement des brûleurs du fait d'une mauvaise combustion, ou encore viscosité, qui excluent actuellement la mise sur le marché grand public de tels combustibles.The invention also relates to the use of this agrofuel in combustion plants without modifying the burners and boilers. For several years, in the face of the threat of global warming and the progressive depletion of natural resources, numerous studies have been conducted to replace fossil energy sources with renewable energies. In particular, research has turned to the use of agricultural surpluses to create new fuels. However, while the use of vegetable oils as a substitute for fuel seems to be an ideal environmental solution, many attempts to burn vegetable oil directly or to incorporate a certain amount into conventional fuel oil have highlighted important problems: fuel stability, compatibility with the burners of conventional boilers, fouling of burners due to poor combustion, or viscosity, which currently exclude the placing on the market of such fuels.
Aussi, la présente invention vise à pallier les inconvénients et difficultés de l'art antérieur en proposant un combustible à base de carbone renouvelable, diminuant l'émission de gaz à effet de serre, et répondant aux normes d'utilisation des fiouls domestiques, c'est à dire ne nécessitant pas de modifications des installations de combustion existantes.Also, the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages and difficulties of the prior art by providing a renewable carbon-based fuel, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, and meeting the standards of use of domestic fuel oils, c that is, not requiring modifications to existing combustion plants.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un combustible comprenant au moins une huile végétale purifiée par un procédé comprenant au moins une étape d'αdsorption des molécules peroxydées, des phospholipides et des molécules d'eau sur un adsorbant adapté, tels que par exemple une aluminosilicate solide, du charbon actif, une silice, une zéolite, etc.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil purified by a process comprising at least one step αdsorption of peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules on a suitable adsorbent, such as for example a solid aluminosilicate, activated carbon, silica, a zeolite, etc.
Cette huile végétale purifiée présente notamment les caractéristiques suivantes :This purified vegetable oil has in particular the following characteristics:
- une teneur en eau dans l'huile inférieure à 0,3%,- a water content in the oil of less than 0.3%,
- un indice de peroxyde inférieur à 2 meqθ2 par kg d'huile, eta peroxide index of less than 2 meqθ2 per kg of oil, and
- une teneur en phosphore inférieure à 5 mg par kg d'huile. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel combustible dans une chaudière fonctionnant au fioul domestique, sans modification de cette chaudière.a phosphorus content of less than 5 mg per kg of oil. The invention also relates to the use of such a fuel in a boiler operating with domestic fuel, without modification of this boiler.
L'invention est maintenant décrite en détail.The invention is now described in detail.
Les huiles végétales sont majoritairement constituées de triglycérides d'acides gras présentant des degrés d'insaturation variables suivant la nature du végétal oléagineux considéré : acides gras saturés ou stéariques, acides gras mono insaturés ou oléiques et acides gras poly insaturés.Vegetable oils mainly consist of triglycerides of fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation depending on the nature of the oleaginous plant considered: saturated or stearic fatty acids, monounsaturated or oleic fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Les concentrations relatives en chacun de ces composés confèrent à l'huile ses propriétés physico-chimiques : l'acide stéarique est remarquablement inerte chimiquement mais cristallise à basse température ; l'acide oléique reste liquide à basse température mais avec une viscosité importante, et les acides gras poly insaturés tels que les acides linoléique et linolénique restent fluides à basse température mais présentent une instabilité chimique, en particulier, par rapport à leur oxydabilité en présence d'air. A coté de ces triglycérides, une huile végétale contient des composés en faible proportion tels que les phospholipides, des peroxydes, de l'eau, des acides gras libres et des composés mineurs tels que les stérols et les tocophérols présentant des propriétés anti-oxydantes. Classiquement, lorsqu'une huile est purifiée, la plupart de ces composés mineurs sont réduits, voire éliminés. Selon l'invention, seul un certain nombre des éléments constitutifs des huiles joue un rôle déterminant pour leur utilisation en tant que combustibles. C'est le cas notamment de la teneur en eau, de la teneur en peroxydes, de la teneur en phospholipides et éventuellement de la teneur en acides gras libres, qui influencent en particulier la production de suies, donc l'encrassement des brûleurs, ainsi que la stabilité des mélanges au stockage.The relative concentrations in each of these compounds give the oil its physico-chemical properties: stearic acid is remarkably chemically inert but crystallizes at low temperature; the oleic acid remains liquid at low temperature but with a high viscosity, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids remain fluid at low temperature but have a chemical instability, in particular, with respect to their oxidability in the presence of 'air. In addition to these triglycerides, a vegetable oil contains low-level compounds such as phospholipids, peroxides, water, free fatty acids and minor compounds such as sterols and tocopherols with antioxidant properties. Conventionally, when an oil is purified, most of these minor compounds are reduced or eliminated. According to the invention, only a certain number of the constituent elements of the oils play a determining role for their use as fuels. This is particularly the case of the water content, the content of peroxides, the content of phospholipids and possibly the content of free fatty acids, which in particular influence the production of soot, hence the fouling of the burners, and that the stability of the mixtures to storage.
Pour éviter toute formation de dépôt lors du stockage du combustible, la présente invention vise un combustible comprenant au moins une huile végétale purifiée par un procédé comprenant au moins une étape d'adsorption des molécules peroxydées, des phospholipides et des molécules d'eau. Cette huile présente une teneur maximale en eau dans l'huile inférieure à 0,3%, de préférence inférieure à 0,1%. En effet, une présence trop importante en eau dans l'huile entraînerait la formation de dépôts lors de son stockage. Par ailleurs, les composés peroxydes, dont la concentration est définie par «l'indice de peroxyde », sont responsables de la polymérisation, lors du stockage, des composés insaturés oléf iniques ou poly insaturés, issus de l'huile végétale et éventuellement du fioul domestique si l'huile végétale est associée à un autre combustible. Les composés peroxydes sont également responsables par polymérisation radicalaire et/ou cationique au moment de la combustion, de la formation de gommes se transformant en dépôts charbonneux au niveau du brûleur. Pour éviter ces problèmes, le combustible selon l'invention comprend au moins une huile végétale dont l'indice de peroxyde est inférieur à 2 meq par kg d'huile. Les phospholipides, quant à eux, conduisent à des oxydes phosphoriques dont l'acidité catalyse la polymérisation cationique des composés peroxydes, des composés insaturés et des composés polyinsaturés au niveau du brûleur. Ces oxydes acides peuvent en plus, provoquer la corrosion du matériel, tel que le brûleur, la chaudière ou la tuyauterie d'évacuation des gaz de combustion. Afin de prévenir ces inconvénients, la présente invention prévoit un combustible comprenant au moins une huile végétale avec une teneur en phosphore inférieure à 5mg par kg d'huile.To avoid any deposit formation during fuel storage, the present invention provides a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil purified by a process comprising at least one adsorption step peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules. This oil has a maximum water content in the oil of less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.1%. Indeed, too much water in the oil would cause the formation of deposits during storage. Moreover, the peroxide compounds, the concentration of which is defined by the "peroxide number", are responsible for the polymerization, during storage, of the unsaturated olefinic or polyunsaturated compounds derived from the vegetable oil and optionally from the fuel oil. domestic if the vegetable oil is combined with another fuel. Peroxide compounds are also responsible for radical polymerization and / or cationic at the time of combustion, the formation of gums turning into charcoal deposits at the burner. To avoid these problems, the fuel according to the invention comprises at least one vegetable oil whose peroxide number is less than 2 meq per kg of oil. Phospholipids, in turn, lead to phosphoric oxides whose acidity catalyzes the cationic polymerization of peroxide compounds, unsaturated compounds and polyunsaturated compounds at the burner. These acid oxides can additionally cause corrosion of the equipment, such as the burner, the boiler or the flue gas discharge pipe. To To prevent these drawbacks, the present invention provides a fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil with a phosphorus content of less than 5 mg per kg of oil.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, l'huile végétale contenue dans le combustible présente également un indice d'acide inférieur à 0,5mg KOH/g. En effet, bien que les acides gras libres n'aient pas d'effet notable sur la combustion ou le stockage, compte tenu de leur acidité naturelle, la présente invention préconise une teneur évitant tout problème de dépôt lors d'un stockage de longue durée. Le combustible selon la présente invention comprend donc au moins une huile végétale purifiée, caractérisée notamment par les propriétés suivantes :According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the vegetable oil contained in the fuel also has an acid number of less than 0.5 mg KOH / g. Indeed, although free fatty acids have no significant effect on combustion or storage, given their natural acidity, the present invention recommends a content avoiding any deposit problem during long-term storage . The fuel according to the present invention therefore comprises at least one purified vegetable oil, characterized in particular by the following properties:
- une teneur en eau dans l'huile inférieure à 0,3%, de préférence inférieure à 0,1%,a water content in the oil of less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.1%,
- un indice de peroxyde inférieur à 2 meqθ2 par kg d'huile, - une teneur en phosphore inférieure à 5 mg par kg d'huile, eta peroxide number of less than 2 meqθ 2 per kg of oil, a phosphorus content of less than 5 mg per kg of oil, and
- de préférence, un indice d'acide inférieur à 0,5mg KOH/g. Avantageusement les autres composants de l'huile végétale brute, tels que les tocophérols et autres anti-oxydants ne sont pas éliminés.preferably, an acid number of less than 0.5 mg KOH / g. Advantageously, the other components of the crude vegetable oil, such as tocopherols and other antioxidants, are not removed.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'huile végétale utilisée est une huile de colza. En effet, du fait de sa composition moyenne (1,5 à 2% d'acide stéarique, 56 à 62% d'acide oléique, 17 à 23% d'acide linoléique et 9 à 12% d'acide linolénique), cette huile présente un très bon compromis entre fluidité à froid et stabilité chimique.According to a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil used is a rapeseed oil. Indeed, because of its average composition (1.5 to 2% stearic acid, 56 to 62% oleic acid, 17 to 23% linoleic acid and 9 to 12% linolenic acid), this oil has a very good compromise between cold flow and chemical stability.
Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préférée, l'huile utilisée est une huile végétale purifiée, par exemple une huile de colza purifiée.According to an even more preferred embodiment, the oil used is a purified vegetable oil, for example a purified rapeseed oil.
Selon la présente invention, l'huile végétale est purifiée par adsorption des molécules les plus polaires de l'huile, à savoir les molécules peroxydées, les phospholipides et l'eau, sur un support adsorbant adapté, tels que par exemple un αluminosilicαte solide, du charbon actif, une silice, une zéolite, etc. Préférentiellement, l'adsorption est réalisée sur un aluminosilicate solide, par exemple de type argile, et de préférence de type Tonsil, préalablement déshydraté. Le procédé peut également comprendre notamment :According to the present invention, the vegetable oil is purified by adsorption of the most polar molecules of the oil, namely peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water, on a suitable adsorbent support, such as for example a solid aluminosilicates, activated charcoal, silica, zeolite, etc. Preferably, the adsorption is carried out on a solid aluminosilicate, for example of the clay type, and preferably of Tonsil type, previously dehydrated. The method may also comprise in particular:
- une étape de lavage en milieu basique pour éliminer les acides gras libres,a washing step in a basic medium to eliminate free fatty acids,
- une étape de rinçage à l'eau, eta step of rinsing with water, and
- une étape de séchage de l'huile à 800C sous vide. Avantageusement, ce procédé permet de conserver dans l'huile les stérols et les tocophérols dont les propriétés anti-oxydantes assurent de bonnes propriétés de stockage au combustible selon l'invention.a step of drying the oil at 80 ° C. under vacuum. Advantageously, this process makes it possible to preserve in the oil sterols and tocopherols whose antioxidant properties ensure good fuel storage properties according to the invention.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le combustible à base d'huile végétale comprend également au moins un fioul domestique mélangé à l'huile végétale. Une formulation optimale du mélange fioul domestique - huile végétale, présente une proportion en huile végétale comprise entre 5% et 50% en poids. Préférentiellement, le mélange fioul domestique - huile végétale, comprend environ 20% en poids d'huile végétale.According to another aspect of the invention, the vegetable oil-based fuel also comprises at least one domestic fuel oil mixed with the vegetable oil. An optimum formulation of the domestic fuel-vegetable oil mixture has a vegetable oil content of between 5% and 50% by weight. Preferentially, the domestic fuel-vegetable oil mixture comprises about 20% by weight of vegetable oil.
Avantageusement, le combustible selon l'invention présente des caractéristiques physico-chimiques semblables aux caractéristiques réglementaires du fioul domestique.Advantageously, the fuel according to the invention has physicochemical characteristics similar to the regulatory characteristics of domestic fuel oil.
Le tableau ci-dessous montre les résultats obtenus as/ec un mélange huile-fioul à 20% d'huile de colza purifiée selon l'invention, comparés aux caractéristiques réglementaires du fioul domestique (arrêté du 29 août 1967 modifié, version janvier 2007) :
Figure imgf000007_0001
The table below shows the results obtained as / ec an oil-fuel mixture with 20% of purified rapeseed oil according to the invention, compared to the regulatory characteristics of domestic fuel oil (decree of August 29, 1967 amended version January 2007) :
Figure imgf000007_0001
Le combustible selon l'invention présente également une bonne stabilité thermique et une bonne stabilité de stockage.The fuel according to the invention also has good thermal stability and good storage stability.
Des essais comparés de stabilité, menés sur un fioul domestique de base et sur un combustible comprenant 20% d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'invention, tous deux traités par des additifs classiques anti-oxydants utilisés normalement pour le fioul domestique, ont montré :Comparative stability tests carried out on a basic domestic fuel and a fuel comprising 20% of purified vegetable oil according to the invention, both of which are treated with conventional antioxidant additives normally used for heating oil, have shown:
- concernant les propriétés de stockage, un assombrissement du fioul de base au bout de 72 heures, signe précurseur de la formation de dépôt, alors que le combustible selon l'invention reste limpide, et - concernant la stabilité thermique, après 48 heures de tests, l'apparition de dépôts pour le fioul de base, alors que le combustible selon l'invention reste parfaitement stable.- concerning the storage properties, a darkening of the fuel oil after 72 hours, a precursor sign of the deposition formation, while the fuel according to the invention remains clear, and - concerning the thermal stability, after 48 hours of tests , the appearance of deposits for the fuel oil, while the fuel according to the invention remains perfectly stable.
Ceci s'explique en particulier par la présence dans le combustible selon l'invention, de stérols et tocophérols provenant de l'huile végétale qui n'ont pas été éliminés lors de la purification de l'huile.This is explained in particular by the presence in the fuel according to the invention of sterols and tocopherols from vegetable oil which have not been removed during the purification of the oil.
Par ailleurs, des essais de combustion avec analyse des rejets, réalisés sur différents combustibles selon l'invention, mélanges fioul domestique - huile végétale à 10%, 20%, 30% et 50% en huile, montrent un comportement comparable à celui obtenu avec le fioul pur. Avantageusement, on constate également une diminution des émissions d'oxyde de soufre due à la dilution du fioul par l'huile végétale qui ne contient pas de composés soufrés. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés dans le tableau suivant :Moreover, combustion tests with analysis of the discharges, carried out on different fuels according to the invention, domestic oil-vegetable oil mixtures with 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% in oil, show a behavior comparable to that obtained with pure fuel. Advantageously, there is also a decrease in sulfur oxide emissions due to the dilution of the fuel oil with vegetable oil that does not contain sulfur compounds. The results obtained are presented in the following table:
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
L'agrocombustible selon l'invention peut donc être utilisé dans des chaudières, brûleurs ou fours industriels fonctionnant habituellement au fioul domestique, sans modifier l'installation initiale. Il peut être utilisé directement ou avec des additifs classiques utilisés normalement avec le fioul domestique pur. The agrofuel according to the invention can therefore be used in boilers, burners or industrial furnaces usually operating with heating oil, without modifying the initial installation. It can be used directly or with conventional additives normally used with pure heating oil.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Combustible à base d'huile végétale, comprenant au moins une huile végétale purifiée par un procédé comprenant au moins une étape d'adsorption des molécules peroxydées, des phospholipides et des molécules d'eau.A vegetable oil-based fuel comprising at least one vegetable oil purified by a process comprising at least one step of adsorbing peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules.
2. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'huile végétale purifiée présente les caractéristiques suivantes :2. Fuel based on purified vegetable oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the purified vegetable oil has the following characteristics:
- une teneur en eau dans l'huile inférieure à 0,3%,- a water content in the oil of less than 0.3%,
- un indice de peroxyde inférieur à 2 meqθ2 par kg d'huile, eta peroxide index of less than 2 meqθ 2 per kg of oil, and
- une teneur en phosphore inférieure à 5 mg par kg d'huile, - a phosphorus content of less than 5 mg per kg of oil,
3. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en eau dans l'huile est inférieure à 0,1%.3. Purified vegetable oil based fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that the water content in the oil is less than 0.1%.
4. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale a un indice d'acide maximum de 0,5mg KOH/g. 4. The purified vegetable oil based fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vegetable oil has a maximum acid number of 0.5 mg KOH / g.
5. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'adsorption des molécules peroxydées, des phospholipides et des molécules d'eau est réalisée sur un aluminosilicate solide.5. purified vegetable oil based fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption step peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water molecules is performed on a solid aluminosilicate.
6. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également au moins un fuel domestique.6. Fuel based on purified vegetable oil according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises at least one domestic fuel.
7. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale constitue entre 5 et 50% en poids du mélange fuel domestique - huile végétale. 7. The purified vegetable oil based fuel according to claim 6, characterized in that the vegetable oil constitutes between 5 and 50% by weight of the domestic fuel mixture - vegetable oil.
8. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale constitue 20% en poids du mélange fuel domestique - huile végétale.8. Fuel based on purified vegetable oil according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the vegetable oil is 20% by weight of the domestic fuel mixture - vegetable oil.
9. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale est de l'huile de colza.9. Purified vegetable oil based fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil.
10. Combustible à base d'huile végétale purifiée selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale est purifiée par un procédé comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : - adsorption des molécules peroxydées, des phospholipides et des molécules d'eau de l'huile végétale, sur un aluminosilicate solide de type argile,10. Fuel based on purified vegetable oil according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vegetable oil is purified by a process comprising at least the following steps: adsorption of peroxidized molecules, phospholipids and water of the vegetable oil, on a solid aluminosilicate of clay type,
- lavage en milieu basique pour éliminer les acides gras libres,washing in a basic medium to eliminate free fatty acids,
- rinçage à l'eau, et- rinsing with water, and
- séchage de l'huile à 800C sous vide. drying of the oil at 80 ° C. under vacuum.
11. Utilisation du combustible selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, dans une chaudière fonctionnant au fioul domestique, sans modification de cette chaudière.11. Use of the fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, in a boiler operating with heating oil, without modification of this boiler.
12. Utilisation selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit combustible est utilisé avec des additifs utilisés avec le fioul domestique pur. 12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that said fuel is used with additives used with pure domestic fuel.
PCT/FR2008/000679 2007-05-15 2008-05-15 Fuel based on a plant oil WO2009004134A2 (en)

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FR0755078 2007-05-15
FR0755078A FR2916204B1 (en) 2007-05-15 2007-05-15 FUEL BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL.

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FR2916204A1 (en) 2008-11-21
WO2009004134A3 (en) 2009-03-05
FR2916204B1 (en) 2012-08-31
EP2158305A2 (en) 2010-03-03
US20100146841A1 (en) 2010-06-17

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