WO2008151534A1 - Système à multiples antennes et procédé de transmission de données - Google Patents

Système à multiples antennes et procédé de transmission de données Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008151534A1
WO2008151534A1 PCT/CN2008/071021 CN2008071021W WO2008151534A1 WO 2008151534 A1 WO2008151534 A1 WO 2008151534A1 CN 2008071021 W CN2008071021 W CN 2008071021W WO 2008151534 A1 WO2008151534 A1 WO 2008151534A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
data
antennas
subcarriers
channel
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PCT/CN2008/071021
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wennstrom Mattias
Lina Chen
Peigang Jiang
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN2008800200335A priority Critical patent/CN101790863B/zh
Publication of WO2008151534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008151534A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0671Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different delays between antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a transmission technology of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • MIMO MIMO
  • the schematic diagram of the transmitting end of a simple single-antenna transmitting OFDM system is shown in Figure 1. It includes channel coding, constellation mapping, subcarrier mapping, OFDM modulation, adding Cyclic Prefix ("CP"), and sending. section.
  • the block diagram of the receiving end of the OFDM system received by the single antenna is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes time domain signal receiving, de-CP, OFDM demodulation, demapping, channel estimation, equalization, constellation mapping, and channel decoding.
  • MIMO technology is to arrange multiple antennas for transmitting and receiving at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the communication system.
  • the MIMO technology can be mainly divided into two categories. When there are multiple transmit antennas at the transmitting end or the receiving end, and each antenna transmits the same data, the receiving end can obtain multiple branches of signals for combining to improve the reliability of the transmission. We call this type of MIMO technology a lot. Antenna diversity technology.
  • the MIMO channel can be equivalent to multiple parallel The channel, so the transmitter can simultaneously transmit multiple channels of data in parallel, which can increase the transmission rate.
  • this kind of technology a spatial multiplexing technique.
  • Cyclic Delay Diversity is a commonly used multi-antenna transmit diversity scheme in OFDM systems.
  • the same frequency domain data is transmitted on each antenna and different cyclic delays are applied to the OFDM symbols in the time domain. In this way, the frequency diversity gain is obtained.
  • the block diagram of the transmitting end of the CDD transmission is shown in Figure 3.
  • AN-1 is the received signal on the kth subcarrier
  • H ⁇ W is the kth sub
  • the frequency domain channel response between the first transmit antenna and the receive antenna on the carrier Indicates additive white Gaussian noise.
  • the equivalent channel is the superposition of multiple channels multiplied by different phase shifts, The effect of the superposition is to increase the speed of channel fluctuation.
  • the channel is a single-path channel
  • the amplitude of the equivalent channel of the single-antenna transmission and the dual-antenna CDD transmission of the channel is as shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the fluctuation of the channel in the frequency domain after the introduction of the CDD is increased, and the frequency diversity gain can be obtained by channel coding the data in the frequency domain, thereby improving the reliability of the transmission.
  • MIMO precoding is a commonly used spatial multiplexing technique in OFDM systems to increase the transmission rate by simultaneously transmitting multiple channels of data on multiple transmit antennas.
  • Precoding is the meaning of precoding, that is, the data is encoded (or weighted) before being transmitted. Taking two receiving antennas of two transmitting antennas as an example, the transmission principle diagram of MIMO precoding is as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the frequency domain signal received by the receiving end can be expressed as: r
  • the receiving end only needs to weight the received signal by the matrix U H to obtain multiple signals without interference.
  • CDD precoding A scheme for combining CDD and MIMO precoding is introduced in the prior art, here I We call it CDD precoding, taking two receiving antennas of two transmitting antennas as an example.
  • the schematic diagram of the transmitting end is shown in Figure 6.
  • the first antenna does not have a cyclic delay, that is, the loop delay is zero.
  • the definitions of A and N sent by CDD precoding are
  • the frequency domain scheduling technique is widely used in the OFDM system, that is, when the base station simultaneously communicates with multiple users. For each user, always dispatch the resource with the best channel quality to it. Since the channels of the individual users are different, the resources with the best channel quality are not repeated for a large probability, so that they can be obtained as needed.
  • the channel fluctuations in the corresponding frequency domain may be very small, and the channel quality of the user in the entire frequency band is similar, which is disadvantageous for multi-user scheduling.
  • channel fluctuations may be increased, so that Better frequency domain scheduling.
  • the entire frequency band is divided into several groups of subcarriers, and scheduling is performed in units of groups, where a group of subcarriers is referred to as a resource block.
  • scheduling the user is allocated a number of resource blocks whose channel quality is the best, so it is desirable that the channel quality is close in one resource block and the channel fluctuation is small. This requires the introduction of CDD technology while controlling the delay value to a relatively small range to ensure that the channel fluctuations can be increased without causing drastic changes in the channel within a resource block.
  • the prior art can increase the scheduling gain by introducing an hour-delay CDD without greatly affecting the performance of channel estimation.
  • Combining CDD and MIMO precoding means that there are more channels Under a channel with a small number of paths, the multi-user diversity gain can be increased and the MIMO gain can be obtained.
  • MIMO precoding we want the weighting matrix W to be as equal as possible to the matrix V decomposed by the channel, but in a wireless communication system using Frequency Division Duplex ("FDD"), usually The transmitting end cannot obtain the information of the channel matrix H, so the receiving end needs to feed back the channel information to the transmitting end.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the channel response on each subcarrier is different, and the channel response on each subcarrier needs to be separately fed back, but this will bring a lot of overhead, which will greatly reduce the efficiency of the communication system.
  • the corresponding bandwidth of the group of subcarriers as the feedback bandwidth.
  • the channel variation is as small as possible within the feedback bandwidth, so that using the same precoding matrix on this bandwidth can achieve better performance, ie, weighting can be better and channel matching.
  • CDD is equivalent to introducing a phase shift to a frequency domain channel, which increases channel fluctuations in the frequency domain. If the channel fluctuation is too large within the feedback bandwidth, a prediction matrix cannot be used and the entire feedback is used. The channels within the bandwidth are well matched, causing a drop in performance.
  • the phase shift of the channel between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the CDD is _ 2 % Q48 - _0.17.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a multi-antenna system and a data transmission method thereof, so that the pre-coding performance can be maintained even when the feedback bandwidth is large relative to the entire frequency band.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method for a multi-antenna system, where the system includes M antennas for transmitting, where M > 2, including the following steps: Pre-coded data respectively correspond to M antennas;
  • a pre-coded data corresponding to the antenna is mapped to some or all of the sub-carriers on the entire system bandwidth, and the number of mapped sub-carriers is N;
  • the data on the N subcarriers is multiplied by the complex phase sequence exp(/ + ) of length N, where (: and the real number is a discontinuous function, A and the variable of the / function, A
  • the number of subcarriers, 0 ⁇ A ⁇ N - 1 is the change period or step size of the function.
  • the data on the N subcarriers is orthogonally frequency division multiplexed and modulated, and then transmitted through the antenna.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a multi-antenna system, including:
  • M antennas for transmission where M > 2; code data, each of the precoded data corresponding to one of the M antennas;
  • mapping units respectively corresponding to M antennas, each mapping unit being used for precoding single
  • the pre-coded data of the meta-output is mapped to some or all of the sub-carriers on the entire system bandwidth, and the number of sub-carriers mapped to is N;
  • each multiplication unit for respectively multiplying data mapped by one mapping unit onto N subcarriers by a complex phase sequence ex p(/ jE) of length N, wherein (: and the real number is a discontinuous function, A and /) are variables of / function, A is the number of the subcarrier, 0 ⁇ k ⁇ N _ ⁇ , 7) is the change period or step size of the function. After the value of /) is determined, the value of f, k, D) function changes once every D with the change of k;
  • each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation unit is respectively configured to perform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation on data outputted by one multiplication unit, and then pass corresponding Antenna transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a transmitting end of a single antenna transmitting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a receiving end of a single antenna receiving orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a prior art Block diagram of CDD transmission
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the amplitude of an equivalent channel for single antenna transmission and dual antenna CDD transmission in the prior art.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a MIMO precoding transmitting end in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the principle of CDD precoding transmission in the prior art
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a data transmission method of a multi-antenna system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a PSD of a system bandwidth of 2.5 MHz and terminals of 1, 5, and 10, respectively, according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Schematic diagram of performance comparison between precoding and CDD precoding
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing performance comparison between PSD precoding and CDD precoding when the system bandwidth is 5 MHz and the number of UEs is 1, 5, and 10, respectively, according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a multi-antenna system in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a first embodiment of the present invention relates to a data transmission method for a multi-antenna system, which includes M antennas for transmission, where M > 2.
  • the specific process is shown in Figure 7.
  • step 710 the p-channel frequency domain data symbols to be transmitted and the precoding matrix are
  • each pre-coded data is paired
  • step 720 for each antenna, one of the precoded data corresponding to the antenna is mapped to some or all of the subcarriers over the entire system bandwidth, and the number of subcarriers of the mapping is N. If only one user's data is sent at a time, the data of this user can be mapped to all N subcarriers; if the system is to send data of multiple users at the same time, each user's data is mapped to some subcarriers. For example, for the case of two users, the data of the first user may be mapped in the first N/2 subcarriers, and the data of the second user may be mapped in the last N/2 subcarriers.
  • step 730 for each antenna, the data mapped to the N subcarriers is multiplied by a complex phase sequence ex pC/.C./t, D)+_/£) of length N, where ( : and is a real number, is a discontinuous function, A and /) are / ⁇ , the variable of the function, A is the number of the subcarrier, 0 ⁇ A ⁇ N_1, is the change period or step size of the function, when /) After the value is determined, the value of the function changes with A every D.
  • the complex phase sequence exp( .C./(i:, Z)) + jE) may be exp -J , where m is the sequence number of the antenna, d m
  • B is the number of subcarriers corresponding to the feedback bandwidth of the precoding matrix prediction, that is, the number of adjacent subcarriers using the same precoding matrix
  • A is the number of the subcarrier
  • ⁇ k ⁇ Nl A is an integer
  • L small ⁇ represents rounding down and rounding up respectively
  • % is the initial phase.
  • the complex phase sequence, CDD is equivalent to multiplying the data in the frequency domain by this complex phase sequence.
  • the data mapped to the N subcarriers is multiplied by the complex phase sequence exp J + j ⁇ Po, and it can be seen that the complex phase sequence is in the subcarrier.
  • the subscript k is an integer multiple of the feedback bandwidth corresponding to the number B of subcarriers, it is the same as the corresponding complex phase sequence in the CDD, and when k is not an integer multiple of B, it is close to the corresponding complex phase sequence in the CDD, thereby ensuring the present
  • the phase shift of the channel over the entire system bandwidth is equal to the CDD, and the frequency diversity or multi-user scheduling gain brought by the CDD is obtained.
  • the step size of the complex phase sequence change is set to be equal to the number of subcarriers corresponding to the feedback bandwidth of the precoding, and the multiplicative phase sequence multiplied for each subcarrier in the same feedback bandwidth is the same, thereby
  • the channel fluctuations of each subcarrier in different feedback bandwidths are obvious, and the channel fluctuations of each subcarrier in the same feedback bandwidth are small, so that the requirements of frequency domain scheduling can be better met, and the method can be effectively performed.
  • step 740 the data on the N subcarriers is OFDM modulated for each antenna.
  • step 750 after the CP is added to the OFDM-modulated data, it is transmitted through the corresponding antenna.
  • the exponential phase sequence is taken as exp - J and the initial phase is 0 as an example.
  • the phase shift introduced on the second transmit antenna in the first feedback bandwidth ie, 0 to 59 subcarriers
  • the phase shift is also 0. .
  • the second feedback bandwidth ie, 60 to 119 subcarriers
  • phase shift is - -10.5.
  • 3rd feedback bandwidth ie 120 to 179 subcarriers
  • phase shift is -21.09°, and so on. It can be seen that this embodiment can be combined with CDD
  • the channel can be made in the whole system.
  • the phase shift on the bandwidth is equal to the CDD, and the frequency diversity or multi-user scheduling gain brought by the CDD is obtained.
  • PSD precoding Phase Shift Diversity
  • CDD precoding the scheme when CDD and MIMO precoding are combined.
  • Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the simulation system comparison of PSD precoding and CDD precoding when the system bandwidth is 2.5 and 5MHz and the number of terminals is 1, 5, and 10 respectively.
  • the ordinates in the two figures represent user throughput and the abscissas represent system throughput.
  • the solid line represents the worst 50% (median) user average throughput and system throughput performance, and the dashed line represents the worst 5% (ie, cell edge) user average throughput and system throughput performance.
  • CDD + Q 5RB indicates PSD precoding, no CDD represents CDD with a delay of 0.
  • the three points on the same curve, from large to small, represent the case when there are 1, 5 and 10 users in the cell.
  • the PSD precoding of the present embodiment is Both the user throughput and the system throughput are superior to CDD precoding.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention also relates to a data transmission method for a multi-antenna system, which is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is that In the embodiment, the M virtual cycle delays d m corresponding to the M antennas do not change with time, but in the embodiment, the M virtual cycle delays d m may change with time, thereby further obtaining time. Diversity effect, further improved transmission
  • the third embodiment of the present invention also relates to a data transmission method for a multi-antenna system, and the first embodiment
  • the implementation manner is substantially the same, and the difference is that, in the present embodiment, under the condition that the total bandwidth of the system is less than three times the channel coherence bandwidth, the virtual cycle delay dm corresponding to each antenna is 1 or 2, for example, in an open scenario. Underneath, there is basically no multipath, the main power is concentrated on a single path, or although there is multipath, but the delay between multipaths is small, in this case, it will be set to 1 or 2, so that when the channel frequency selectivity is better In hours, the virtual cycle delay can take a smaller value to get the scheduling gain.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to a multi-antenna system.
  • the method includes: M antennas for transmitting, where M >2; and a precoding unit, configured to pre-code frequency domain data to be transmitted.
  • the matrix is multiplied to generate M-path pre-coded data, and each of the pre-coded data corresponds to one of M antennas;
  • M mapping units respectively correspond to M antennas, and each mapping unit is used to respectively
  • a precoded data output by the precoding unit is mapped to some or all of the N subcarriers;
  • M multiplication units respectively corresponding to M antennas, and each multiplication unit is used to map one mapping unit to N respectively
  • the data on the subcarriers and the complex phase sequence ex p of length N (/ corresponding to the bitwise multiplication, where (: and are real numbers, is a discontinuous function, k and D are f ⁇ k, D) function variables , A is the number of the subcarrier, ⁇ k ⁇ N _
  • each OFDM modulation unit is configured to perform OFDM modulation on data output by one multiplication unit
  • M CP units respectively correspond to M antennas
  • each CP unit is used to add a loop to data outputted by one OFDM modulation unit, respectively.
  • the prefix the data with the added cyclic prefix is transmitted through the corresponding antenna.
  • the exp J + j ⁇ Po where m is the serial number of the antenna, which is the virtual cycle delay on the antenna.
  • A is the number of the subcarrier, 0 ⁇ k ⁇ N _ ⁇ , L is small, which means rounding up and rounding up. Is the initial phase.
  • the channel can be made throughout the system
  • the phase shift on the bandwidth is equal to the CDD, and the frequency diversity or multi-user scheduling gain brought by the CDD is obtained.
  • the step size of the complex phase sequence change is set to be equal to the number of subcarriers corresponding to the feedback bandwidth of the prediction, for MIMO using CDD.
  • each multiplication unit can use a value that does not change with time, or each multiplication unit can change with time, thereby further obtaining a time diversity effect, further improving transmission.
  • the virtual cycle delay corresponding to each antenna is 1 or 2, so that when the channel frequency selectivity is small, the virtual cycle delay can take a smaller value to obtain Schedule the gain.
  • the data on the N subcarriers of the transmitting antenna and the complex phase sequence exp are obtained in the frequency domain.
  • the phase shift of the channel over the entire system bandwidth can be equal to the CDD, and the frequency diversity or multi-user scheduling gain brought by the CDD can be obtained, and the step size of the complex phase sequence change is set to be equal to the number of subcarriers corresponding to the feedback bandwidth of the prediction.
  • the problem of degradation of the precoding performance in the case where the system bandwidth is relatively small can be effectively solved.
  • the virtual cycle delay can be changed with time, thereby further obtaining the diversity effect in time, further improving the transmission performance t
  • the virtual cycle delay can take a smaller value to obtain the scheduling gain.

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Description

多天线系统及其数据发送方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域, 特别涉及多输入多输出 ( Multiple Input Multiple Output, 简称 "MIMO" ) 系统的发射技术。 背景技术
随着无线移动通信的发展, 近年来提出了两个主要技术: 多载波正交频分 复用( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,简称 "OFDM" )技术和 MIMO 技术。 因为 OFDM技术所具有的能够很好地克服无线信道的多径特性和比单载 波频谱效率高的特点, 以及, MIMO技术所具有的能增加无线通信系统的谱效 率和提高可靠性的特点; 使得这两种技术的相互结合成为移动通信系统中的关 键技术。 下面分别对这两种技术进行简单介绍。
一个简单的单天线发射 OFDM系统的发射端原理框图如图 1所示, 包括信 道编码、 星座映射、 子载波映射、 OFDM调制、 添加循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix, 简称 "CP" )、 发送, 这几部分。 该单天线接收的 OFDM系统接收端原理框图如 图 2所示, 包括时域信号接收、 去 CP、 OFDM解调、 解映射、 信道估计、 均衡、 星座映射、 信道译码这几部分。
MIMO技术就是在通信系统的发送端和接收端分别安置多个天线进行发射 和接收, MIMO技术主要可分成两类。 当发射端或接收端存在多个发射天线, 并且各个天线发射相同的数据时, 接收端可以获得多个分支的信号进行合并, 提高传输的可靠性, 我们将这一类的 MIMO技术称为多天线分集技术。 另外, 当发射端和接收端同时存在多个天线时, 由于 MIMO信道可以等效成多个并行 的信道, 因此发射端可以同时并行发送多路数据, 从而可以提高传输速率, 我 们将这一类的技术称为空间复用技术。
循环时延分集(Cyclic Delay Diversity, 简称 "CDD" )是 OFDM系统中一 种常用的多天线发射分集方案, 各个天线上发送相同的频域数据并对时域的 OFDM符号进行不同的循环延迟, 以此来获得频率分集增益。 釆用 CDD发射的 发射端原理框图如图 3所示。
从图 3 中可以看出, 各天线上都釆用了不同的循环延迟/),∞ = 1,2,八 。 假 设; 表示频域的符号, 表示时域的样点, 根据离散傅立叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform, 简称 "DFT" )的性质可以知道, 时域上的循环延迟等效于频 域上的相移, 从而可以得到如下公式: £) Γ[χ((«- /)) ]=;^^_; ; 其中 N表示 DFT的点数, k表示子载波的编号, Α = 0,1,2,Λ ,N- 1。
可将接收到的频域信号表示为:
Figure imgf000004_0001
N +N{k) = X{k) jHm(k)e Ν +尋 = 0,AN- 1 其中 表示的是在第 k个子载波上的接收信号, HW表示的在第 k个子 载波上第 个发送天线到接收天线之间频域信道响应。 表示的是加性高斯 白噪声。
从上式的结果中看出, 可以把釆用 CDD的多天线系统等效为一个单天线系 统: Y(k) = He (k)X(k) +尋), k = 0,A N-l, 其等效的信道为: Hjj(、 = lim(k、e N ,k = 0,A N-l 从上式可以看出, 等效信道为多个信道乘上不同的相移之后的叠加, 叠加 的效果在于使得信道波动的速度增加。 假设信道为单径信道, 在频域上存在平 衰落, 该信道的单天线发射和双天线 CDD发射的等效信道的幅度如图 4所示。 从图 4中可以看出引入 CDD之后信道在频域的波动增加了, 通过在频域上 对数据进行信道编码就可以获得频率分集增益, 从而提高传输的可靠性。
MIMO预编码( MIMO precoding )是 OFDM系统中一种常用的空间复用技 术, 通过在多个发射天线上同时发送多路数据来提高传输速率。 precoding是预 编码的意思, 也就是要对数据进行编码 (或称加权)之后才发射。 以两发射天 线两接收天线为例, MIMO precoding的发射原理图如图 5所示。
从图 5中可以看出经过 precoding之后发射的频域数据符号可表示为:
称为 recoding 矩
Figure imgf000005_0001
经过信道之后 , 接收端接收到 的频域信号可表示为 : r
, 其中 , i, j = 1,2表示接收天线 i到发射天线 j之
Figure imgf000005_0002
间的频域信道响应。 我们可以对信道矩阵 H 进行奇异值分解 (Sigular Value Decomposition, 简称 "SVD" ), H = UDVH
其中 都是酉矩阵, D是对角阵, 对角阵的元素就是 MIMO信道子信道 的信道增益。 如果能够设置 precoding矩阵 W = V, 那么由于 V是酉矩阵, 因此 H . W = UDVH . V = UD。 此时接收端只要用矩阵 UH对接收到的信号进行加权, 就 可以得到多路没有干扰的信号。
Z = UHHWX = UHUDX = DX 因此可以看出, 对信号进行 precoding加权的好处就在于能够把信号映射到 各个正交的子信道上, 减少各路信号之间的干扰。
现有技术中引入了一种将 CDD和 MIMO precoding相结合的方案, 这里我 们称之为 CDD precoding, 以两发射天线两接收天线为例, 其发射端原理图如图 6所示。 从图 6可看出, 第一个天线没有做循环延迟, 即循环延迟为零。 假设第 二个天线上的循环延迟为 d, 那么从前面的讨论可知, CDD precoding所发送的 其中 A和 N的定义都和
Figure imgf000006_0001
上文所描述的相同。
在 OFDM系统中由于整个频带被分成了若干个子载波, 并且可以把不同的 子载波分配给不同的用户, 因此频域调度技术在 OFDM系统中被广泛使用, 即 当基站与多个用户同时通信时, 对各个用户总是调度对应信道质量最好的那一 段资源给它。 由于各个用户的信道不同, 信道质量最好的资源在很大的可能性 上不会重复, 因此这样就可以各取所需。 通过调度能够有效的提高整个系统的 吞吐量, 我们将这种增益称为多用户分集增益或调度增益。 然而, 当信道的多 径数比较少时, 对应频域信道波动可能非常小, 用户在整个频带上的信道质量 都差不多,这样不利于多用户调度,通过引入 CDD技术,可以增加信道的波动, 使得能够更好地进行频域调度。
然而, 并非信道波动越大对频域调度越有利。 通常在进行频域调度时, 将 整个频带分成若干组子载波, 以组为单位进行调度, 这里将一组子载波称为资 源块。 调度时分配给用户其信道质量最好的若干个资源块, 因此希望在一个资 源块内信道质量接近, 信道的波动较小。 这就需要在引入 CDD技术的同时, 将 时延取值控制在比较小的范围内, 以确保即能够增加信道的波动, 又不会使得 在一个资源块内信道发生剧烈的变化。
现有技术通过引入小时延 CDD就可以增加调度增益, 且不会对信道估计的 性能造成很大的影响。 将 CDD和 MIMO precoding相结合, 就是希望在信道多 径数比较少的信道下, 能够增加多用户分集增益并获得 MIMO增益。 在现有技术中进行 MIMO precoding的时候我们希望加权矩阵 W能够尽量 等于信道分解出的矩阵 V, 但是在釆用频分双工 (Frequency Division Duplex, 简称 "FDD" )的无线通信系统中, 通常发射端无法获得信道矩阵 H的信息, 因 此需要接收端将信道信息反馈给发射端。 理论上来说, 各个子载波上的信道响 应不同, 需要分别反馈每个子载波上的信道响应, 但是这样将带来大量的开销, 会大大降低通信系统的效率。 由于在相邻的子载波上信道响应存在着相关性, 因此为了减少反馈, 通常只对一组相邻的子载波反馈一个信道信息, 这里我们 将这组子载波的对应的带宽称为反馈带宽。 那么我们期望在反馈带宽之内, 信 道的变化尽量小一些, 这样在这个带宽上使用相同的 precoding矩阵能够获得更 好的性能, 即加权能够更好的和信道匹配。
本发明的发明人发现, CDD相当于给频域信道引入了相移,在频域会增加 信道的波动, 如果在反馈带宽内信道的波动太大, 就会使得用一个 precoding矩 阵无法和整个反馈带宽内的信道很好的匹配, 引起性能的下降。 在现有技术中, 使用 CDD对应在频域第 Α个子载波上的相移为 e ^ , 当 ί/ = 1时, 假设整个频带 上存在 2048个子载波, 反馈带宽为 60个子载波。 那么我们可以计算出, 每隔 一个子载波, 引入了 CDD 的发射天线到接收端天线之间的信道发生的相移为 _ 2%Q48 - _0.17。, 同样,在反馈带宽即 60个子载波上,相移为 - 0.17 x 60 = -10.2。。 可以看出当带宽比较大时, CDD在反馈带宽内对信道的影响较小。 但是当 = l 时, 假设整个频带只在 128 个子载波, 那么每隔一个子载波对应的相移为 - ¾8 - -2.8Γ ,在反馈带宽即 60个子载波上的相移为 - 2.81x 60 = -168.6。。可见, 当系统带宽比较小时, CDD在反馈带宽内对信道的影响比较大,会降低 precoding 的性能。 发明内容
本发明实施方式要解决的主要技术问题是提供一种多天线系统及其数据发 送方法, 使得反馈带宽相对于整个频带比例较大时仍可以保持较高的预编码性 能。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的实施方式提供了一种多天线系统的数据 发送方法, 该系统中包括 M个用于发射的天线, 其中 M > 2, 包括以下步骤: 预编码的数据分别对应 M个天线;
对于每个天线, 将对应该天线的一路经预编码的数据映射到整个系统带宽 上的部分或全部子载波, 该映射到的子载波个数为 N;
对于每个天线, 将 N 个子载波上的数据和长度为 N 的复数相位序列 exp(/ + 相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是一个不连续函数, A和 为/ 函数的变量, A为子载波的编号, 0≤A≤N- 1 , 为该函数的变化周 期或者步长, 当/)的取值确定后 函数的取值随着 A的变化每隔 7)发生一次 跳变;
对于每个天线, 对 N个子载波上的数据进行正交频分复用调制后, 通过该 天线发射。
本发明的实施方式还提供了一种多天线系统, 包括:
M个用于发射的天线, 其中 M > 2; 码的数据, 每路经预编码的数据分别对应 M个天线中的一个;
M个映射单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个映射单元分别用于将预编码单 元输出的一路经预编码的数据映射到整个系统带宽上的部分或全部子载波, 该 映射到的子载波个数为 N;
M个乘法单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个乘法单元分别用于将一个映射 单元映射到 N个子载波上的数据和长度为 N的复数相位序列 exp(/ jE) 相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是一个不连续函数, A和/)为/ 函数的 变量, A为子载波的编号, 0 < k < N _ \ , 7)为该函数的变化周期或者步长, 当/)的 取值确定后 f、k, D)函数的取值随着 k的变化每隔 D发生一次跳变;
M个正交频分复用调制单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个正交频分复用调 制单元分别用于对一个乘法单元输出的数据进行正交频分复用调制后通过对应 的天线发送。
本发明实施方式与现有技术相比, 主要区别及其效果在于:
通过在频域将发射天线 N 个子载波上的数据和复数相位序列 εχρ(/· · /^,Ζ))+ _/£)相乘, 能够使信道在整个系统带宽上的相移和 CDD相等, 获得 CDD带来的频率分集或多用户调度增益,通过将复数相位序列变化的步长 设置成和 precoding的反馈带宽对应的子载波个数相等,对于使用 CDD的 MIMO precoding系统,能够有效地解决在系统带宽比较小的情况下 precoding性能下降 的问题。 附图说明
图 1是现有技术中单天线发射正交频分复用系统发射端原理框图; 图 2是现有技术中单天线接收正交频分复用系统接收端原理框图; 图 3是现有技术中 CDD发射原理框图;
图 4是现有技术中单天线发射和双天线 CDD发射的等效信道的幅度示意 图;
图 5是现有技术中 MIMO precoding发射端原理框图;
图 6是现有技术中 CDD precoding发射原理框图;
图 7是根据本发明第一实施方式中多天线系统的数据发送方法流程图; 图 8是根据本发明第一实施方式中系统带宽为 2.5MHz,终端数分别为 1、5、 10时, PSD precoding和 CDD precoding的性能比较示意图;
图 9是根据本发明第一实施方式中系统带宽为 5MHz, UE数分别为 1、 5、 10时, PSD precoding和 CDD precoding的性能比较示意图;
图 10是根据本发明第四实施方式中多天线系统结构图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明 的实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
本发明第一实施方式涉及一种多天线系统的数据发送方法, 该系统中包括 M个用于发射的天线, 其中 M > 2。 具体流程如图 7所示。 在步骤 710 中, 将待发送的 p 路频域数据符号 与预编码矩阵
Figure imgf000010_0001
wn Λ
W22 Λ
相乘生成 M路经预编码的数据, 每路经预编码的数据分别对
M 0 M
W„, Λ 应 M个天线中的一个。
在步骤 720 中, 对于每个天线, 将对应该天线的一路经预编码的数据映射 到整个系统带宽上的部分或全部子载波上, 该映射的子载波个数为 N。 如果系 统在一个时刻只发送一个用户的数据, 则可以将这个用户的数据映射到全部 N 个子载波中; 如果系统同时要发送多个用户的数据, 则每个用户的数据会映射 到部分子载波中, 例如, 对于两个用户的情况, 可以在前 N/2个子载波中映射 第一个用户的数据, 在后 N/2个子载波中映射第二个用户的数据。
在步骤 730中, 对于每个天线, 将映射到上述 N个子载波上的数据和长度 为 N的复数相位序列 expC/.C./ t,D)+_/£)相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是 一个不连续函数, A和/)为/ ^, 函数的变量, A为子载波的编号, 0≤A≤N_1, 为该函数的变化周期或者步长, 当/)的取值确定后 函数的取值随着 A的 变化每隔 D发生一次兆变。
在具体应 用 中 , 该 复数相位序 列 exp( .C./(i:,Z)) + jE) 可 以 是 exp -J ,其中, m为该天线的序号, dm
Figure imgf000011_0001
为该天线上的虚拟循环时延, B为该预编码矩阵 precoding的反馈带宽对应的子 载波个数, 即使用相同 precoding矩阵的相邻子载波的个数, A为子载波的编号, ≤k≤N-l, A为整数, L小 Π分别表示向下取整和向上取整, %为初始相位。 其中, M个天线所对应的 M个虚拟循环时延 dm中, 至少有两种不同的取值。
以 exp + j<Po 为例进行具体说明, 其中, 4叚设初始相位为 0t
Figure imgf000011_0002
相乘后的频域信号可表示为:
Figure imgf000011_0004
Figure imgf000011_0003
从背景技术中可以获知, CDD技术等效于将时延为 dm的天线上发送的频域 数据乘上值为 厂, A = Ο,Ι,Λ , N的相移,这里可以将 = Ο,Ι,Λ ,N 看作一个
Figure imgf000012_0001
复数相位序列, CDD等效于将频域的数据与这个复数相位序列相乘。
与 CDD技术的区别在于, 本实施方式中,将映射到 N个子载波上的数据与 复数相位序列 exp J + j<Po 相乘, 可以看出, 该复数相位序列在子载
Figure imgf000012_0002
波下标 k为反馈带宽对应子载波个数 B的整数倍时,与 CDD中的对应复数相位 序列相同, k不为 B的整数倍时, 与 CDD中的对应复数相位序列相近, 从而确 保本实施方式中信道在整个系统带宽上的相移和 CDD相等, 获得 CDD带来的 频率分集或多用户调度增益。 在 k不为 B的整数倍时, 由于将 k除以 B后向下 取整, 使得在子载波下标为 ~ ( + 1) - 1之间时, 所乘的复数相位序列是相同 的, 其中 = 0,^ , 每隔 s个子载波复数相位序列才会发生一次变化。 也就是
B
说, 将复数相位序列变化的步长设置成和 precoding的反馈带宽对应子载波个数 相等, 对于同一个反馈带宽内的各子载波而言其相乘的复数相位序列是相同的, 从而对于使用 CDD的 MIMO precoding系统, 不同反馈带宽内的各子载波的信 道波动较明显, 同一个反馈带宽内的各子载波的信道波动较小, 从而可以更好 地满足频域调度的需求, 能够有效地解决在系统带宽比较小的情况下 precoding 性能下降的问题。 复 时, 其效果与复数相位序列取 exp 仅在于前者为向上取整, 后者为向下取
Figure imgf000012_0003
整, 在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是, 本实施方式中将复数相位序列中天线的循环时延 dm称为虚 拟循环时延, 这是因为, 从步骤 730 中的频域信号表示公式可以看出, 实际上 本实施方式中各天线并没有进行循环时延, 只是当 B = l时, 频域乘上对应复数 相位序列等效于在时域进行了一个循环时延。 当 B不等于 1时, 乘上对应复数 相位序列并不能等效为时域进行了循环时延, 所以本实施方式中称之为虚拟循 环时延。
在步骤 740中,对于每个天线,对该 N个子载波上的数据进行 OFDM调制。 在步骤 750中, 对经 OFDM调制的数据添加 CP后, 通过对应天线发送。 下面以具体的例子对本实施方式的效果进行说明, 仍然以复数相位序列取 exp - J , 初始相位是 0为例。 假设有两个发射天线, 第一个天
Figure imgf000013_0001
线上 = 0 , 第二个天线上 = 1。 在整个频带上存在 2048个子载波, 反馈带宽 为 60个子载波的情况下, 可以计算出, 在第 1个反馈带宽(即第 0 ~ 59个子载 波) 内, 第二个发射天线上引入的相移为
Figure imgf000013_0002
于 0, 因此相移也为 0。。 在第 2个反馈带宽(即第 60 ~ 119个子载波) 内, 对应
2π · 6
的相移为 - -10.5。, 在第 3个反馈带宽 (即第 120 ~ 179个子载波)
2048 60
2π · 6
内,对应的相移为 -21.09° ,以此类推。可见本实施方式可以和 CDD
2048 60 一样保证在整个系统带宽上能够引入 360。 ( d = \ )或 720。 ( d = 2 )相移, 从而增 加频域信道的波动, 获得 CDD带来的频率分集增益。 同时, 又能保证在一个反 馈带宽上信道相位不发生变化, 以确保 precoding的性能, 能够有效地解决在系 统带宽比较小的情况下 precoding性能下降的问题。
可见, 通过在频域将发射天线 N 个子载波上的数据和复数相位序列 exp - J 相乘, 能够使信道在整个系统
N
Figure imgf000013_0003
带宽上的相移和 CDD相等, 获得 CDD带来的频率分集或多用户调度增益, 通 过将复数相位序列变化的步长设置和 precoding 的反馈带宽对应子载波个数相 等, 当本实施方式和 MIMO precoding结合时, 能够有效地解决 CDD和 MIMO precoding结合时在系统带宽比较小的情况下带来的性能下降问题。
为了方便之后的描述, 将本实施方式中和 MIMO precoding相结合的方案称 为相位偏移分集(Phase Shift Diversity, 简称 "PSD" ) precoding, 将 CDD和 MIMO precoding相结合时的方案称为 CDD precoding。 图 8和图 9分别给出了 当系统带宽为 2.5和 5MHz, 终端数分别为 1个、 5个、 10个时, PSD precoding 和 CDD precoding的仿真系统比较。
两图中纵座标表示用户吞吐量, 横座标表示系统吞吐量。 实线代表最差的 50 % (即中值)用户平均吞吐量和系统吞吐量性能, 虚线代表最差的 5 % (即小 区边缘) 用户平均吞吐量和系统吞吐量性能。 CDD + Q = 5RB 表示 PSD precoding, no CDD代表 CDD的时延取值为 0。 同一根曲线上的三个点, 按纵 坐标从大到小分别代表小区中存在 1个, 5个和 10个用户时的情况。
从图 8和图 9中可以看出, 无论是系统带宽为 2.5MHz时还是系统带宽为 5MHz时, 是在小区边缘或者取中值, 小区中用户是多或者少时, 本实施方式的 PSD precoding在用户吞吐量和系统吞吐量两个指标上都优于 CDD precoding„ 本发明第二实施方式同样涉及一种多天线系统的数据发送方法, 与第一实 施方式大致相同, 其区别在于, 在第一实施方式中, M个天线对应的 M个虚拟 循环时延 dm是不随时间改变的, 而在本实施方式中, 该 M个虚拟循环时延 dm 可以随时间而变化, 从而进一步获得时间上的分集效果, 进一步提高了传输性
•6匕
匕。
本发明第三实施方式同样涉及一种多天线系统的数据发送方法, 与第一实 施方式大致相同, 其区别在于, 在本实施方式中, 在系统的总带宽小于信道相 干带宽 3倍的条件下, 各天线所对应的虚拟循环时延 dm为 1或 2, 例如在空旷 的场景下, 基本没有多径, 主要功率集中在单径上, 或者虽有多径但多径间的 时延很小, 在这种情况下, 将 设置为 1或 2, 使得当信道频率选择性较小时, 虚拟循环延迟可以取较小值, 以获得调度增益。
本发明第四实施方式涉及一种多天线系统, 如图 10所示, 包括: M个用于 发射的天线, 其中 M > 2; 预编码单元, 用于将待发送的频域数据与预编码矩阵 相乘生成 M路经预编码的数据,每路经预编码的数据分别对应该 M个天线中的 一个; M个映射单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个映射单元分别用于将该预编 码单元输出的一路经预编码的数据映射到 N个子载波中的部分或全部子载波; M个乘法单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个乘法单元分别用于将一个映射单元 映射到 N个子载波上的数据和长度为 N的复数相位序列 exp(/ 对应 按位相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是一个不连续函数, k和 D为 f{k, D)函 数的变量, A为子载波的编号, < k < N _ \ , 7)为该函数的变化周期或者步长, 当/)的取值确定后 函数的取值随着 A的变化每隔 /)发生一次跳变; M个 OFDM调制单元, 分别对应于 M个天线, 每个 OFDM调制单元分别用于对一 个乘法单元输出的数据进行 OFDM调制; M个 CP单元,分别对应于 M个天线, 每个 CP单元分别用于对一个 OFDM调制单元输出的数据添加循环前缀, 将经 添加循环前缀的数据通过对应的天线发射。 该 exp J + j<Po 其中, m为天线的序号, 为天线上的虚拟循环时延,
Figure imgf000015_0001
该 M个天线所对应的 M个虚拟循环时延中, 至少有两种不同的取值, B为预编 码矩阵的反馈带宽对应的子载波个数, A为子载波的编号, 0 < k < N _ \ , L小 i 别表示向下取整和向上取整, 。为初始相位。
通过在频域将发射天线 Ν 个子载波上的数据和复数相位序列 exp - J 相乘, 能够使信道在整个系统
Figure imgf000016_0001
带宽上的相移和 CDD相等, 获得 CDD带来的频率分集或多用户调度增益, 通 过将复数相位序列变化的步长设置成和 precoding的反馈带宽对应子载波个数相 等, 对于使用 CDD的 MIMO precoding系统, 能够有效地解决在系统带宽比较 小的情况下 precoding性能下降的问题。
其中, 各乘法单元可以使用不随时间改变的 , 或者, 各乘法单元可以随 时间改变 的取值, 从而进一步获得时间上的分集效果, 进一步提高了传输性
•6匕
在该系统的总带宽小于信道相干带宽 3 倍的条件下, 各天线所对应的虚拟 循环时延为 1或 2 ,从而当信道频率选择性较小时,虚拟循环延迟可以取较小值, 以获得调度增益。
综上所述, 在本发明的实施方式中, 通过在频域将发射天线 N个子载波上 的数据和复数相位序列 exp
Figure imgf000016_0002
能够使信道在整个系统带宽上的相移和 CDD相等, 获得 CDD带来的频率分集 或多用户调度增益, 通过将复数相位序列变化的步长设置成和 precoding的反馈 带宽对应子载波个数相等, 对于使用 CDD的 MIMO precoding系统, 能够有效 地解决在系统带宽比较小的情况下 precoding性能下降的问题。
虚拟循环时延可以随时间而变化, 从而进一步获得时间上的分集效果, 进 一步提高了传输性能 t 当信道频率选择性较小时, 虚拟循环延迟可以取较小值, 以获得调度增益。 虽然通过参照本发明的某些优选实施方式, 已经对本发明进行了图示和描 述, 但本领域的普通技术人员应该明白, 可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改 变, 而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种多天线系统的数据发送方法, 该系统中包括 M个用于发射的天线, 其中 M > 2 , 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 经预编码的数据, 所述 M 路经预编码的数据与所述 M个天线分别对应: 对于每个天线, 将对应该天线的一路所述经预编码的数据映射到整个系统 带宽上的部分或全部子载波, 该映射到的子载波个数为 N;
对于每个天线, 将所述 N个子载波上的数据和长度为 N的复数相位序列 exp(/ + 相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是一个不连续函数, A和 为/ ^, 函数的变量, A为子载波的编号, 0≤A≤N - 1 , 为该函数的变化周 期或者步长, 当/)的取值确定后 函数的取值随着 A的变化每隔 7)发生一次 跳变; 对于每个天线,对所述 N个子载波上的数据进行正交频分复用调制后发送。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的多天线系统的数据发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述 复数相位序列 exp(/ · C · f{k, D) + jE)为:
Figure imgf000018_0001
其中, m为所述天线的序号, 为所述天线上的虚拟循环时延, B为所述预 编码矩阵的反馈带宽对应的子载波个数, A为子载波的编号且 0≤A≤N - 1 , 分别表示向下取整和向上取整, 。为初始相位。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的多天线系统的数据发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述 虚拟循环时延随时间改变, 或者, 所述虚拟循环时延不随时间改变。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的多天线系统的数据发送方法, 其特征在于, 所述
5. 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的多天线系统的数据发送方法, 其特 征在于, 所述正交频分复用调制的步骤与所述发射的步骤之间, 还包括以下步 骤: 对经正交频分复用调制的数据添加循环前缀。
6. 一种多天线系统, 其特征在于, 包括: M个用于发射的天线, 其中 M > 2;
码的数据, 每路经预编码的数据分别对应所述 M个天线中的一个;
M个映射单元, 分别对应于所述 M个天线, 每个映射单元分别用于将所述 预编码单元输出的所述每路经预编码的数据映射到整个系统带宽上的部分或全 部子载波, 该映射到的子载波个数为 N;
M个乘法单元, 分别对应于所述 M个天线, 每个乘法单元分别用于将一个 所述映射单元映射到所述 N 个子载波上的数据和长度为 N 的复数相位序列 exp(/ + 相乘, 其中, (:和 为实数, 是一个不连续函数, A和 为/ 函数的变量, A为子载波的编号, 0≤A≤N- 1 , 为该函数的变化周 期或者步长, 当/)的取值确定后 函数的取值随着 A的变化每隔 7)发生一次 跳变;
M个正交频分复用调制单元, 分别对应于所述 M个天线, 每个正交频分复 用调制单元分别用于对一个所述乘法单元输出的数据进行正交频分复用调制后 通过对应的天线发送。
7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的多天线系统, 其特征在于, 所述复数相位序列 Qxp(j-C-f(k,D) + jE、为
Figure imgf000020_0001
其中, m为所述天线的序号, 为所述天线上的虚拟循环时延, B为所述预 编码矩阵的反馈带宽对应的子载波个数, A为子载波的编号, 0<k<N_ , L小 Π 分别表示向下取整和向上取整, 。为初始相位。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的多天线系统, 其特征在于, 所述乘法单元使用随 时间改变的虚拟循环时延, 或者, 所述乘法单元使用不随时间改变虚拟循环时 延。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的多天线系统, 其特征在于, 所述 M个天线所对应 的 M个虚拟循环时延至少有两种不同的取值。
10. 根据权利要求 6至 9中任一项所述的多天线系统,其特征在于,还包括: M个循环前缀 CP单元, 分别对应于 M个所述天线, 每个循环前缀单元分 别用于对一个所述正交频分复用调制单元输出的数据添加循环前缀, 将经添加 循环前缀的数据通过对应的天线发射(
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